Softwire D. Hankins
Internet-Draft Google
Intended status: Standards Track T. Mrugalski
Expires: September 4, 2011 Gdansk University of Technology
March 3, 2011
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6) Option for Dual-
Stack Lite
draft-ietf-softwire-ds-lite-tunnel-option-09
Abstract
This document specifies a DHCPv6 option which is meant to be used by
a Dual-Stack Lite Basic Bridging Broadband (B4) element to discover
the IPv6 address of its corresponding Address Family Transition
Router (AFTR).
Status of this Memo
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provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
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This Internet-Draft will expire on September 4, 2011.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2011 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
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described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. The AFTR-Name DHCPv6 Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4. DHCPv6 Server Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5. DHCPv6 Client Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
8. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
9. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
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1. Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
2. Introduction
Dual-Stack Lite [I-D.softwire-ds-lite] is a solution to offer both
IPv4 and IPv6 connectivity to customers which are addressed only with
an IPv6 prefix (no IPv4 address is assigned to the attachment
device). One of its key components is an IPv4-over-IPv6 tunnel,
commonly referred to as a Softwire. A DS-Lite "Basic Bridging
BroadBand" (B4) device will not know if the network it is attached to
offers Dual-Stack Lite service, and if it did would not know the
remote endpoint of the tunnel to establish a softwire.
To inform the B4 of the Address Family Transition Router's (AFTR)
location, a DNS [RFC1035] hostname may be used. Once this
information is conveyed, the presence of the configuration indicating
the AFTR's location also informs a host to initiate Dual-Stack Lite
(DS-Lite) service and become a Softwire Initiator.
To provide the conveyance of the configuration information, a single
DHCPv6 [RFC3315] option is used, expressing the AFTR's Fully
Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) to the B4 element.
The details of how the B4 establishes an IPv4-in-IPv6 softwire to the
AFTR are out of scope for this document.
3. The AFTR-Name DHCPv6 Option
The AFTR-Name option consists of option-code and option-len fields
(as all DHCPv6 options have), and a variable length tunnel-endpoint-
name field containing a fully qualified domain name that refers to
the AFTR which the client MAY connect to.
The AFTR-Name option SHOULD NOT appear in any other than the
following DHCPv6 messages: Solicit, Advertise, Request, Renew,
Rebind, Information-Request and Reply.
The format of the AFTR-Name option is shown in the following figure:
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0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| OPTION_AFTR_NAME: (TBD) | option-len |
+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| |
| tunnel-endpoint-name (FQDN) |
| |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
OPTION_AFTR_NAME: (TBD)
option-len: Length of the tunnel-endpoint-name field in
octets.
tunnel-endpoint-name: A fully qualified domain name of the AFTR
tunnel endpoint.
Figure 1: AFTR-Name DHCPv6 Option Format
The tunnel-endpoint-name field is formatted as required in DHCPv6
[RFC3315] Section 8 ("Representation and Use of Domain Names").
Briefly, the format described is using a single octet noting the
length of one DNS label (limited to at most 63 octets), followed by
the label contents. This repeats until all labels in the FQDN are
exhausted, including a terminating zero-length label. Any updates to
Section 8 of DHCPv6 [RFC3315] also apply to encoding of this field.
An example format for this option is shown in Figure 2, which conveys
the FQDN "aftr.example.com.".
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 0x04 | a | f | t | r | 0x07 | e | x | a |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| m | p | l | e | 0x03 | c | o | m | 0x00 |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
Figure 2: Example tunnel-endpoint-name.
Note that in the specific case of the example tunnel-endpoint-name
(Figure 2), the length of the tunnel-endpoint-name is 18 octets, and
so an option-len field value of 18 would be used.
The option is validated by confirming that all of the following
conditions are met:
1. the option-len is greater than 3;
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2. the option data can be contained by the option length (that the
option length does not run off the end of the packet);
3. the individual label lengths do not exceed the option length;
4. the tunnel-endpoint-name is of valid format as described in
DHCPv6 Section 8 [RFC3315];
5. there are no compression tags;
6. there is at least one label of nonzero length.
4. DHCPv6 Server Behavior
A DHCPv6 server SHOULD NOT send more than one AFTR-Name option. It
SHOULD NOT permit the configuration of multiple names within one
AFTR-Name option. Both of these conditions are handled exceptionally
by the client, so an operator using software that does not perform
these validations should be careful not to configure multiple domain
names.
RFC 3315 Section 17.2.2 [RFC3315] describes how a DHCPv6 client and
server negotiate configuration values using the Option Request Option
(OPTION_ORO). As a convenience to the reader, we mention here that a
server will not reply with a AFTR-Name option if the client has not
explicitly enumerated it on its Option Request Option.
5. DHCPv6 Client Behavior
A client that supports the B4 functionality of DS-Lite (defined in
[I-D.softwire-ds-lite]) and conforms to this specification MUST
include OPTION_AFTR_NAME on its OPTION_ORO.
Because it requires DNS name to address resolution, the client MAY
also wish to include the OPTION_DNS_SERVERS [RFC3646] option on its
OPTION_ORO.
If the client receives the AFTR-Name option, it MUST verify the
option contents as described in Section 3.
Note that in different environments, the B4 element and DHCPv6 client
may be integrated, joined, or separated by a third pieces of
software. For the purpose of this specification, we refer to the "B4
system" when specifying implementation steps that may be processed at
any stage of integration between the DHCPv6 client software and the
B4 element it is configuring.
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If the B4 system receives more than one AFTR-Name option, it MUST use
only the first instance of that option.
If the AFTR-Name option contains more than one FQDN, as distinguished
by the presence of multiple root labels, the B4 system MUST use only
the first FQDN listed in configuration.
The B4 system performs standard DNS resolution using the provided
FQDN to resolve a AAAA Resource Record, as defined in [RFC3596] and
STD 13 [RFC1034] [RFC1035].
If any DNS response contains more than one IPv6 address, the B4
system picks only one IPv6 address and uses it as a remote tunnel
endpoint for the interface being configured in the current message
exchange. The B4 system MUST NOT establish more than one DS-Lite
tunnel at the same time per interface. For a redundancy and high
availability discussion, see Section 12.3 "High availability" of
[I-D.softwire-ds-lite].
Note that a B4 system may have multiple network interfaces, and these
interfaces may be configured differently; some may be connected to
networks that call for DS-Lite, and some may be connected to networks
that are using normal dual stack or other means. The B4 system
should approach this specification on an interface-by-interface
basis. For example, if the B4 system is attached to multiple
networks that provide the AFTR Name option, then the B4 system MUST
configure a tunnel for each interface separately as each DS-Lite
tunnel provides IPv4 connectivity for each distinct interface.
6. Security Considerations
This document does not present any new security issues, but as with
all DHCPv6-derived configuration state, it is completely possible
that the configuration is being delivered by a third party (Man In
The Middle). As such, there is no basis to trust that the access the
DS-Lite Softwire connection represents can be trusted, and it should
not therefore bypass any security mechanisms such as IP firewalls.
RFC 3315 [RFC3315] discusses DHCPv6-related security issues.
[I-D.softwire-ds-lite] discusses DS-Lite related security issues.
7. IANA Considerations
IANA is requested to allocate single DHCPv6 option code referencing
this document, delineating OPTION_AFTR_NAME.
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8. Acknowledgements
Authors would like to thank Alain Durand, Rob Austein, Dave Thaler,
Paul Selkirk, Ralph Droms, Mohamed Boucadair, Roberta Maglione and
Shawn Routhier for their valuable feedback and suggestions.
This work has been partially supported by the Polish Ministry of
Science and Higher Education under the European Regional Development
Fund, Grant No. POIG.01.01.02-00-045/09-00 (Future Internet
Engineering Project).
9. Normative References
[I-D.softwire-ds-lite]
Durand, A., Ed., "Dual-stack lite broadband deployments
post IPv4 exhaustion", draft-ietf-softwire-dual-stack-lite
(work in progress).
[RFC1034] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - concepts and facilities",
STD 13, RFC 1034, November 1987.
[RFC1035] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - implementation and
specification", STD 13, RFC 1035, November 1987.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC3315] Droms, R., Bound, J., Volz, B., Lemon, T., Perkins, C.,
and M. Carney, "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for
IPv6 (DHCPv6)", RFC 3315, July 2003.
[RFC3596] Thomson, S., Huitema, C., Ksinant, V., and M. Souissi,
"DNS Extensions to Support IP Version 6", RFC 3596,
October 2003.
[RFC3646] Droms, R., "DNS Configuration options for Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6)", RFC 3646,
December 2003.
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Authors' Addresses
David W. Hankins
Google, Inc.
1600 Amphitheatre Parkway
Mountain View, CA 94043
USA
Email: dhankins@google.com
Tomasz Mrugalski
Gdansk University of Technology
Storczykowa 22B/12
Gdansk 80-177
Poland
Phone: +48 698 088 272
Email: tomasz.mrugalski@eti.pg.gda.pl
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