Network Working Group                                           P. Jones
Internet-Draft                                               S. Dhesikan
Intended status: Standards Track                             C. Jennings
Expires: July 30, 2016                                     Cisco Systems
                                                                D. Druta
                                                                    AT&T
                                                        January 27, 2016


             DSCP and other packet markings for WebRTC QoS
                     draft-ietf-tsvwg-rtcweb-qos-11

Abstract

   Many networks, such as service provider and enterprise networks, can
   provide different forwarding treatments for individual packets based
   on Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) values on a per-hop
   basis.  This document provides the recommended DSCP values for web
   browsers to use for various classes of WebRTC traffic.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on July 30, 2016.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must



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   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   2.  Relation to Other Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   3.  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   4.  Inputs  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   5.  DSCP Mappings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   6.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   7.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   8.  Downward References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   9.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   10. Dedication  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   11. Document History  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   12. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     12.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     12.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9

1.  Introduction

   Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) [RFC2474] packet marking
   can help provide QoS in some environments.  This specification
   provides default packet marking for browsers that support WebRTC
   applications, but does not change any advice or requirements in
   existing IETF RFCs.  The contents of this specification are intended
   to be a simple set of implementation recommendations based on the
   previous RFCs.

   There are many use cases where such marking does not help, but it
   seldom makes things worse if packets are marked appropriately.  There
   are some environments where DSCP markings frequently help, though.
   These include:

   1.  Private, wide-area networks.

   2.  Residential Networks.  If the congested link is the broadband
       uplink in a cable or DSL scenario, often residential routers/NAT
       support preferential treatment based on DSCP.

   3.  Wireless Networks.  If the congested link is a local wireless
       network, marking may help.

   Traditionally, DSCP values have been thought of as being site
   specific, with each site selecting its own code points for



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   controlling per-hop-behavior to influence the QoS for transport-layer
   flows.  However in the WebRTC use cases, the browsers need to set
   them to something when there is no site specific information.  In
   this document, "browsers" is used synonymously with "Interactive User
   Agent" as defined in the HTML specification,
   [W3C.REC-html5-20141028].  This document describes a subset of DSCP
   code point values drawn from existing RFCs and common usage for use
   with WebRTC applications.  These code points are solely defaults.

   This specification defines inputs that are provided by the WebRTC
   application hosted in the browser that aid the browser in determining
   how to set the various packet markings.  The specification also
   defines the mapping from abstract QoS policies (flow type, priority
   level) to those packet markings.

2.  Relation to Other Standards

   This document is a complement to [RFC7657], which describes the
   interaction between DSCP and real-time communications.  That RFC
   covers the implications of using various DSCP values, particularly
   focusing on Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) [RFC3550] streams that
   are multiplexed onto a single transport-layer flow.

   There are a number of guidelines specified in [RFC7657] that apply to
   marking traffic sent by WebRTC applications, as it is common for
   multiple RTP streams to be multiplexed on the same transport-layer
   flow.  Generally, the RTP streams would be marked with a value as
   appropriate from Table 1.  A WebRTC application might also multiplex
   data channel [I-D.ietf-rtcweb-data-channel] traffic over the same
   5-tuple as RTP streams, which would also be marked as per that table.
   The guidance in [RFC7657] says that all data channel traffic would be
   marked with a single value that is typically different than the
   value(s) used for RTP streams multiplexed with the data channel
   traffic over the same 5-tuple, assuming RTP streams are marked with a
   value other than default forwarding (DF).  This is expanded upon
   further in the next section.

   This specification does not change or override the advice in any
   other standards about setting packet markings.  Rather, it simply
   selects a subset of DSCP values that is relevant in the WebRTC
   context.

   The DSCP value set by the endpoint is not trusted by the network.  In
   addition, the DSCP value may be remarked at any place in the network
   for a variety of reasons to any other DSCP value, including default
   forwarding (DF) value to provide basic best effort service.  The
   mitigation for such action is through an authorization mechanism.
   Such authorization mechanism is outside the scope of this document.



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   There is benefit in marking traffic even if it only benefits the
   first few hops.

3.  Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

4.  Inputs

   WebRTC applications transmit and receive two types of flows of
   significance to this document:

   o  media flows which are RTP streams [I-D.ietf-rtcweb-rtp-usage]

   o  data flows which are data channels [I-D.ietf-rtcweb-data-channel]

   Each of the RTP streams and distinct data channels consists of all of
   the packets associated with an independent media entity, so an RTP
   stream or distinct data channel is not always equivalent to a
   transport-layer flow defined by a 5-tuple (source address,
   destination address, source port, destination port, and protocol).
   There may be multiple RTP streams and data channels multiplexed over
   the same 5-tuple, with each having a different level of importance to
   the application and, therefore, potentially marked using different
   DSCP values than another RTP stream or data channel within the same
   transport-layer flow.  (Note that there are restrictions with respect
   to marking different data channels carried within the same SCTP
   association as outlined in Section 5.)

   The following are the inputs provided by the WebRTC application to
   the browser:

   o  Flow Type: The browser provides this input as it knows if the flow
      is audio, interactive video with or without audio, non-interactive
      video with or without audio, or data.

   o  Application Priority: Another input is the relative importance of
      an RTP stream or data channel.  Many applications have multiple
      flows of the same Flow Type and often some flows are more
      important than others.  For example, in a video conference where
      there are usually audio and video flows, the audio flow may be
      more important than the video flow.  JavaScript applications can
      tell the browser whether a particular flow is high, medium, low or
      very low importance to the application.





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   [I-D.ietf-rtcweb-transports] defines in more detail what an
   individual flow is within the WebRTC context and priorities for media
   and data flows.

5.  DSCP Mappings

   The DSCP values for each flow type of interest to WebRTC based on
   application priority are shown in the following table.  These values
   are based on the framework and recommended values in [RFC4594].  A
   web browser SHOULD use these values to mark the appropriate media
   packets.  More information on EF can be found in [RFC3246].  More
   information on AF can be found in [RFC2597].  DF is default
   forwarding which provides the basic best effort service [RFC2474].

   +------------------------+-------+------+-------------+-------------+
   |       Flow Type        |  Very | Low  |    Medium   |     High    |
   |                        |  Low  |      |             |             |
   +------------------------+-------+------+-------------+-------------+
   |         Audio          |  CS1  |  DF  |   EF (46)   |   EF (46)   |
   |                        |  (8)  | (0)  |             |             |
   |                        |       |      |             |             |
   | Interactive Video with |  CS1  |  DF  |  AF42, AF43 |  AF41, AF42 |
   |    or without audio    |  (8)  | (0)  |   (36, 38)  |   (34, 36)  |
   |                        |       |      |             |             |
   | Non-Interactive Video  |  CS1  |  DF  |  AF32, AF33 |  AF31, AF32 |
   | with or without audio  |  (8)  | (0)  |   (28, 30)  |   (26, 28)  |
   |                        |       |      |             |             |
   |          Data          |  CS1  |  DF  |     AF11    |     AF21    |
   |                        |  (8)  | (0)  |             |             |
   +------------------------+-------+------+-------------+-------------+

         Table 1: Recommended DSCP Values for WebRTC Applications

   The application priority, indicated by the columns "very low", "low",
   "Medium", and "high", signifies the relative importance of the flow
   within the application.  It is an input that the browser receives to
   assist it in selecting the DSCP value.  Application priority does not
   refer to priority in the network transport.

   The above table assumes that packets marked with CS1 are treated as
   "less than best effort".  However, the treatment of CS1 is
   implementation dependent.  If an implementation treats CS1 as other
   than "less than best effort", then the actual priority (or, more
   precisely, the per-hop-behavior) of the packets may be changed from
   what is intended.  It is common for CS1 to be treated the same as DF,
   so applications and browsers using CS1 cannot assume that CS1 will be
   treated differently than DF [RFC7657].  Implementers should also note
   that excess EF traffic is dropped.  This could mean that a packet



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   marked as EF may not get through as opposed to a packet marked with a
   different DSCP value.

   The browser SHOULD first select the flow type of the flow.  Within
   the flow type, the relative importance of the flow SHOULD be used to
   select the appropriate DSCP value.

   The combination of flow type and application priority provides
   specificity and helps in selecting the right DSCP value for the flow.
   All packets within a flow SHOULD have the same application priority.
   In some cases, the selected application priority cell may have
   multiple DSCP values, such as AF41 and AF42.  These offer different
   drop precedences.  The different drop precedence values provides
   additional granularity in classifying packets within a flow.  For
   example, in a video conference, the video flow may have medium
   application priority.  If so, either AF42 or AF43 may be selected.
   If the I-frames in the stream are more important than the P-frames,
   then the I-frames can be marked with AF42 and the P-frames marked
   with AF43.

   It is worth noting that the application priority is utilized by the
   SCTP scheduler for data channel traffic per
   [I-D.ietf-rtcweb-data-channel].  Further, the scheduler functionality
   is viewed as more important than the DSCP marking.

   For reasons discussed in Section 6 of [RFC7657], if multiple flows
   are multiplexed using a reliable transport (e.g., TCP) then all of
   the packets for all flows multiplexed over that transport-layer flow
   MUST be marked using the same DSCP value.  Likewise, all WebRTC data
   channel packets transmitted over an SCTP association MUST be marked
   using the same DSCP value, regardless of how many data channels
   (streams) exist or what kind of traffic is carried over the various
   SCTP streams.  In the event that the browser wishes to change the
   DSCP value in use for an SCTP association, it MUST reset the SCTP
   congestion controller after changing values.  Frequent changes in the
   DSCP value used for an SCTP association are discouraged, though, as
   this would defeat any attempts at effectively managing congestion.
   It should also be noted that any change in DSCP value that results in
   a reset of the congestion controller puts the SCTP association back
   into slow start, which may have undesirable effects on application
   performance.

   For the data channel traffic multiplexed over an SCTP association, it
   is RECOMMENDED that the DSCP value selected be the one associated
   with the highest priority requested for all data channels multiplexed
   over the SCTP association.  Likewise, when multiplexing multiple
   flows over a TCP connection, the DCSP value selected should be the




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   one associated with the highest priority requested for all
   multiplexed flows.

   If a packet enters a network that has no support for a flow type-
   application priority combination specified in Table 1 (above), then
   the network node at the edge will remark the DSCP value based on
   policies.  This could result in the flow not getting the network
   treatment it expects based on the original DSCP value in the packet.
   Subsequently, if the packet enters a network that supports a larger
   number of these combinations, there may not be sufficient information
   in the packet to restore the original markings.  Mechanisms for
   restoring such original DSCP is outside the scope of this document.

   In summary, DSCP marking provides neither guarantees nor promised
   levels of service.  The service provided to a packet is dependent
   upon the network design along the path, as well as the network
   conditions at every hop.

6.  Security Considerations

   This specification does not add any additional security implication
   other than the normal application use of DSCP not already addressed
   by the following specifications.  For security implications on use of
   DSCP, please refer to Section 7 of [RFC7657] and Section 6 of
   [RFC4594].  Please also see [I-D.ietf-rtcweb-security] as an
   additional reference.

7.  IANA Considerations

   This specification does not require any actions from IANA.

8.  Downward References

   This specification contains a downwards reference to [RFC4594].
   However, the parts of that RFC used by this specification are
   sufficiently stable for this downward reference.

9.  Acknowledgements

   Thanks to David Black, Magnus Westerland, Paolo Severini, Jim
   Hasselbrook, Joe Marcus, Erik Nordmark, and Michael Tuexen for their
   invaluable input.

10.  Dedication

   This document is dedicated to the memory of James Polk, a long-time
   friend and colleague.  James made important contributions to this




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   specification, including being one of its primary authors.  The IETF
   global community mourns his loss and he will be missed dearly.

11.  Document History

   Note to RFC Editor: Please remove this section.

   This document was originally an individual submission in RTCWeb WG.
   The RTCWeb working group selected it to be become a WG document.
   Later the transport ADs requested that this be moved to the TSVWG WG
   as that seemed to be a better match.

12.  References

12.1.  Normative References

   [I-D.ietf-rtcweb-data-channel]
              Jesup, R., Loreto, S., and M. Tuexen, "WebRTC Data
              Channels", draft-ietf-rtcweb-data-channel-13 (work in
              progress), January 2015.

   [I-D.ietf-rtcweb-rtp-usage]
              Perkins, C., Westerlund, M., and J. Ott, "Web Real-Time
              Communication (WebRTC): Media Transport and Use of RTP",
              draft-ietf-rtcweb-rtp-usage-25 (work in progress), June
              2015.

   [I-D.ietf-rtcweb-security]
              Rescorla, E., "Security Considerations for WebRTC", draft-
              ietf-rtcweb-security-08 (work in progress), February 2015.

   [I-D.ietf-rtcweb-transports]
              Alvestrand, H., "Transports for WebRTC", draft-ietf-
              rtcweb-transports-10 (work in progress), October 2015.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/
              RFC2119, March 1997,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC4594]  Babiarz, J., Chan, K., and F. Baker, "Configuration
              Guidelines for DiffServ Service Classes", RFC 4594, DOI
              10.17487/RFC4594, August 2006,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4594>.







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   [RFC7657]  Black, D., Ed. and P. Jones, "Differentiated Services
              (Diffserv) and Real-Time Communication", RFC 7657, DOI
              10.17487/RFC7657, November 2015,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7657>.

12.2.  Informative References

   [RFC2474]  Nichols, K., Blake, S., Baker, F., and D. Black,
              "Definition of the Differentiated Services Field (DS
              Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers", RFC 2474, DOI
              10.17487/RFC2474, December 1998,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2474>.

   [RFC2597]  Heinanen, J., Baker, F., Weiss, W., and J. Wroclawski,
              "Assured Forwarding PHB Group", RFC 2597, DOI 10.17487/
              RFC2597, June 1999,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2597>.

   [RFC3246]  Davie, B., Charny, A., Bennet, J., Benson, K., Le Boudec,
              J., Courtney, W., Davari, S., Firoiu, V., and D.
              Stiliadis, "An Expedited Forwarding PHB (Per-Hop
              Behavior)", RFC 3246, DOI 10.17487/RFC3246, March 2002,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3246>.

   [RFC3550]  Schulzrinne, H., Casner, S., Frederick, R., and V.
              Jacobson, "RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time
              Applications", STD 64, RFC 3550, DOI 10.17487/RFC3550,
              July 2003, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3550>.

   [W3C.REC-html5-20141028]
              Hickson, I., Berjon, R., Faulkner, S., Leithead, T.,
              Navara, E., O&#039;Connor, E., and S. Pfeiffer, "HTML5",
              World Wide Web Consortium Recommendation REC-
              html5-20141028, October 2014,
              <http://www.w3.org/TR/2014/REC-html5-20141028>.

Authors' Addresses

   Paul E. Jones
   Cisco Systems

   Email: paulej@packetizer.com


   Subha Dhesikan
   Cisco Systems

   Email: sdhesika@cisco.com



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   Cullen Jennings
   Cisco Systems

   Email: fluffy@cisco.com


   Dan Druta
   AT&T

   Email: dd5826@att.com









































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