URNbis                                                        J. Klensin
Internet-Draft
Obsoletes: 3044, 3187 (if approved)                            J. Hakala
Intended status: Standards Track         The National Library of Finland
Expires: January 2, 2018                                    July 1, 2017


     Uniform Resource Name (URN) Namespace Registration Transition
                 draft-ietf-urnbis-ns-reg-transition-08

Abstract

   The original registration procedure for formal Uniform Resource Name
   (URN) namespaces required IETF Consensus.  That requirement
   discouraged some registrations and increased the risk for problems
   that could occur as a result.  The requirements have now been changed
   by RFC 8141, which adopts a different model, focusing on encouraging
   registration and publication of information for all appropriate
   namespaces.  This document clarifies the status of relevant older
   RFCs and confirms and documents advice to IANA about selected
   existing registrations.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
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   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
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   This Internet-Draft will expire on January 2, 2018.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2017 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents



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   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   2.  Obsoleting Older Registration RFCs for ISSNs and ISBNs  . . .   3
     2.1.  ISBN URN Changes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     2.2.  ISSN URN Changes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   3.  The Older Registration RFC for NBNs . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   4.  Other Existing URN Registrations and RFCs . . . . . . . . . .   5
   5.  Registration Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   6.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   7.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   8.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   9.  Contributors  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   10. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     10.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     10.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   Appendix A.  Change Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     A.1.  Changes from version -00 to -01 . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     A.2.  Changes from version -01 to -02 . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     A.3.  Changes from version -02 to -03 . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     A.4.  Changes from version -03 to -04 . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     A.5.  Changes from version -04 to -05 . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     A.6.  Changes from version -05 to -06 . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     A.7.  Changes from version -06 (2016-02-07) to -07  . . . . . .   9
     A.8.  Changes from version -07 (2017-05-09) to -08  . . . . . .  10
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10

1.  Introduction

   As a part of the initial development of the Uniform Resource Name
   (URN) system in the late 1990s, the IETF URN working group agreed
   that it was important to demonstrate that the URN syntax could
   accommodate existing identifier systems.  RFC 2288 [RFC2288] showed
   the feasibility of using International Standard Book Number (ISBN),
   International Standard Serial Number (ISSN), and Serial Item and
   Contribution Identifier (SICI) [ANSI-SICI]) as URNs; however, it did
   not formally register corresponding URN namespaces.  This was in part
   due to the still evolving process to formalize criteria for namespace
   definition documents and registration, consolidated later by the IETF
   into successive Namespace Definition Mechanism documents [RFC2611]
   [RFC3406].




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   URN Namespaces were subsequently registered for ISBN [RFC3187] and
   ISSN [RFC3044] as well as for a fairly large collection of other
   identifiers including National Bibliography Number (NBN) [RFC3188].
   The comprehensive list can be found in the IANA registry
   [IANA-Namespace-Registry] (see also Section 4).

   While a URN namespace for SICI could be registered at any time, the
   SICI Standard has not gained broad international acceptance and has
   not had a namespace defined to date.

   The predecessor registration procedure for Uniform Resource Name
   (URN) namespaces [RFC3406] required IETF Consensus for formal
   namespaces.  That requirement discouraged some registrations and
   increased the risk for problems, including use of names without
   registration ("squatting").  Those potential problems included the
   possibility of the same name being used to identify different
   namespaces with different rules.  The requirements have now been
   changed in RFC 8141 [RFC8141] to adopt a different model that focuses
   more on encouraging registration of all namespaces that follow the
   formal namespace syntax, with as much information collected as
   possible consistent with that goal.

   Therefore this document does the following:

   o  Describes the instructions developed with IANA to adapt selected
      existing registrations to the new model.  Those registration
      updates have been completed for ISBN and ISSN NIDs and URN
      namespaces.

   o  Obsoletes the separate RFCs that specify the namespaces for ISSNs
      and ISBNs to eliminate any ambiguity about the status of new
      templates and updated registrations.

   o  Provides information about the status of NBNs under the new
      definitions.

   o  Provides suggestions to IANA about the handling of other existing
      registrations not explicitly discussed in this document.

2.  Obsoleting Older Registration RFCs for ISSNs and ISBNs

   The existing RFCs that describe URN namespaces for ISSNs [RFC3044]
   and ISBNs [RFC3187] should be identified as "Historic" after this
   document is approved.  The new registration templates for those
   namespaces have already been submitted and incorporated into the URN
   Namespace registry by IANA.





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   Those updated templates reflect not only the new template formats but
   substantive changes to the definitions of the namespaces.  The
   significant changes are summarized in the subsections that follow.

   For both ISSN and ISBN URNs, it is intended that the registrations
   track the evolution of ISO standardization without requiring
   resubmission of the templates or other formal IETF or IANA
   registration update approval procedures.  The subsections that follow
   clarify the relationship between the original URN namespace
   registrations for ISBN and ISSN and the newly-registered templates
   that follow the principles of RFC 8141.  Approval and registration of
   those new templates makes the older templates obsolete.

2.1.  ISBN URN Changes

   The revised ISBN namespace reflects the latest version of the ISO
   ISBN Standard, ISO 2108:2017 [ISO-ISBN-b].  The namespace allows for
   the use of both the old ten character ISBN numbers described in RFC
   3187 and ISO 2108:1992 [ISO-ISBN-a] (formerly known as ISBN-10) and
   the 13 character identifiers introduced in ISO 2108:2005 [ISO-ISBN-c]
   (formerly known as ISBN-13).

   For more details, review the new ISBN registration template and
   associated documentation [ISBN-Template].

2.2.  ISSN URN Changes

   The updated ISSN namespace reflects the changes between the current
   ISSN standard [ISO-ISSN] and its predecessor on which RFC 3044 was
   based.  ISO 3297:2007 introduced the linking ISSN (ISSN-L), which is
   designated for all media of a serial publication, irrespective of how
   many there are.  Traditional ISSN applies to single media only, such
   as printed version of a serial.

   For more details, review the new ISSN registration template and
   associated documentation [ISSN-Template].

3.  The Older Registration RFC for NBNs

   NBN is not a formal international standard or even a single
   identifier system, but an umbrella concept which covers all of the
   identifier systems the adopting national libraries and their partners
   use to identify resources that do not have other identifiers.  For
   instance, if a book received via legal deposit does not have an ISBN,
   the national library gives it a local identifier.  The NBN
   specification provides simple means of expressing these local
   identifiers so that they become globally unique URNs, such as
   urn:nbn:fi-fe19981001.



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   In addition to the namespace registration itself, RFC 3188 provides
   some generic information about NBNs and their use, and specifies the
   syntax of URN:NBNs.  That syntax guarantees uniqueness by requiring
   the usage of country codes and institutional identifiers as a part of
   the NSS.  When RFC 3188 is revised, it should be accompanied with a
   template which revises the registration of the URN:NBN namespace.

4.  Other Existing URN Registrations and RFCs

   The RFC Series and IANA Registry contain many URN namespace
   registrations in addition to those for which this document calls out
   explicit actions.  In general, those existing registrations are still
   appropriate but omit some information called for in RFC 8141
   [RFC8141].  Reregistration with new templates is recommended, but not
   required.  Until and unless those registrations are updated as
   provided for in RFC 8141, the existing registration templates should
   be read as not requiring or allowing any features that were not
   allowed and specified by the earlier URN [RFC2141] and registration
   [RFC3406] specifications.

5.  Registration Examples

   For examples of registrations using the new model and for information
   and help in understanding other parts of this document, review the
   new ISBN and ISSN registration templates and associated documentation
   in the IANA registry [ISBN-Template] [ISSN-Template].

6.  IANA Considerations

   IANA has completed updates for the registry entries for URN ISSN and
   ISBN namespaces to reflect the new, RFC 8141-compliant, templates.
   With respect to namespaces other than those listed above, when
   registrations and templates are available that conform to the newer
   rules, they may be substituted for the older ones.  However, neither
   this document nor RFC 8141 supersedes any existing registrations
   (those for ISBN and ISSN are superceded by the newly-registered
   templates).  Therefore, IANA needs to be prepared to maintain a
   registry whose contents reflect old-style templates for some
   namespaces and the newer ones for others.

   IANA should also note that the portions of the ISBN and ISSN
   registrations that point to ISO Standards are intended to identify
   current versions (which may change) rather than only the versions
   that are active at the time this document is approved (see
   Section 2).  That provision relies on ISO and the ISBN and ISSN
   Centres to maintain stability of URN references.





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7.  Security Considerations

   While particular URN namespaces and their registrations might
   conceivably have security implications, this specification merely
   specifies a transition of a set of namespace registrations and does
   not have such implications.  The security implications associated
   with particular namespaces are expected to be listed in registration
   templates as specified in RFC 8141.

8.  Acknowledgements

   This document draws heavily on discussions in the IETF URNbis Working
   Group in the second and third quarters of 2013, particularly during
   IETF 87 in August 2013, and on informal discussions during the
   plenary meeting of ISO TC 46 in June 2013.  The efforts of those who
   participated in those discussions are greatly appreciated.  It also
   draws on internet-drafts that were developed to update the older
   registrations before that approach was replaced by the new extended
   template model.  Those drafts were prepared by Pierre Godefroy, Juha
   Hakala, Alfred Hoenes, and Maarit Huttunen.

   The current draft benefits significantly from a careful reading and
   suggestions for editorial changes by Peter Saint-Andre and from
   considerable work by Stella Griffiths of the ISBN international
   Centre to refine the ISBN discussion and develop the corresponding
   template and from Gaelle Bequet, Pierre Godefroy, and Clement Oury of
   the ISSN International Centre for similar refinements of the ISSN
   discussion and template.

9.  Contributors

   Alfred Hoenes was the editor and co-author of two of the documents
   from which this one is, in part, derived.  This document would not
   have been possible without his contributions.

10.  References

10.1.  Normative References

   [RFC8141]  Saint-Andre, P. and J. Klensin, "Uniform Resource Names
              (URNs)", RFC 8141, DOI 10.17487/RFC8141, April 2017,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8141>.

10.2.  Informative References

   [ANSI-SICI]
              ANSI/NISO, "Serial Item and Contribution Identifier, ANSI/
              NISO Z39.56-1996 (Version 2)", 1996.



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   [IANA-Namespace-Registry]
              IANA, "Uniform Resource Names (URN) Namespaces", 2017,
              <http://www.iana.org/assignments/urn-namespaces/
              urn-namespaces.xhtml>.

   [ISBN-Template]
              ISBN International Centre, "Namespace Registration for
              International Standard Book Number (ISBN) ISO 2108:2017",
              June 2017, <https://www.iana.org/assignments/urn-formal/
              isbn>.

   [ISO-ISBN-a]
              ISO, "Information and documentation - The International
              Standard Book Number (ISBN)", ISO 2108:1992, 1992.

   [ISO-ISBN-b]
              ISO, "Information and documentation - The International
              Standard Book Number (ISBN)", ISO 2108:2017, 2017.

              Note to RFC Editor: As of early July 2017, the 2017
              version is awaiting publication, but the ISBN
              International Centre strongly prefers that we reference it
              and not some earlier version.  If this note is still
              present when the document is otherwise ready for AUTH48,
              please see https://www.iso.org/standard/65483.html and
              discuss status with the authors.

   [ISO-ISBN-c]
              ISO, "Information and documentation - The International
              Standard Book Number (ISBN)", ISO 2108:2005, 2005.

   [ISO-ISSN]
              ISO, "Information and documentation - International
              standard serial number (ISSN)", ISO 3297:2007, 2007.

   [ISSN-Template]
              ISSN International Centre, "Namespace Registration for
              International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) and Linking
              ISSN (ISSN-L) based on ISO 3297:2007", June 2017,
              <https://www.iana.org/assignments/urn-formal/issn>.

   [RFC2141]  Moats, R., "URN Syntax", RFC 2141, DOI 10.17487/RFC2141,
              May 1997, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2141>.

   [RFC2288]  Lynch, C., Preston, C., and R. Daniel, "Using Existing
              Bibliographic Identifiers as Uniform Resource Names",
              RFC 2288, DOI 10.17487/RFC2288, February 1998,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2288>.



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   [RFC2611]  Daigle, L., van Gulik, D., Iannella, R., and P. Faltstrom,
              "URN Namespace Definition Mechanisms", BCP 33, RFC 2611,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2611, June 1999,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2611>.

   [RFC3044]  Rozenfeld, S., "Using The ISSN (International Serial
              Standard Number) as URN (Uniform Resource Names) within an
              ISSN-URN Namespace", RFC 3044, DOI 10.17487/RFC3044,
              January 2001, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3044>.

   [RFC3187]  Hakala, J. and H. Walravens, "Using International Standard
              Book Numbers as Uniform Resource Names", RFC 3187,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC3187, October 2001,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3187>.

   [RFC3188]  Hakala, J., "Using National Bibliography Numbers as
              Uniform Resource Names", RFC 3188, DOI 10.17487/RFC3188,
              October 2001, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3188>.

   [RFC3406]  Daigle, L., van Gulik, D., Iannella, R., and P. Faltstrom,
              "Uniform Resource Names (URN) Namespace Definition
              Mechanisms", RFC 3406, DOI 10.17487/RFC3406, October 2002,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3406>.

Appendix A.  Change Log

   RFC Editor: Please remove this appendix.

A.1.  Changes from version -00 to -01

   o  Modified the introduction to Section 2 and Section 6 to make it
      clear that registry update procedures should not be required to
      keep the registrations current with ISO Standard reaffirmations or
      replacments.

   o  Many editorial changes to improve readability and clarity.

A.2.  Changes from version -01 to -02

   o  Several small editorial changes and clarifications suggested by
      Peter Saint-Andre.

   o  Updated acknowledgments.








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A.3.  Changes from version -02 to -03

   o  Updated to prevent expiration

   o  New text to allow for other already-registered namespaces and to
      better explain relationships.

   o  Some small editorial changes.

A.4.  Changes from version -03 to -04

   o  Updated references and, where needed, discussion to point to the
      new, consolidated, 2141bis rather than to the formerly separate
      and now obsolete 3406bis.

   o  Some small editorial changes.

A.5.  Changes from version -04 to -05

   o  Reissued to keep draft alive; no substantive changes.

   o  Updated references.

A.6.  Changes from version -05 to -06

   o  Reissued to keep draft alive; some editorial updates but no
      substantive changes.

   o  Updated references.

A.7.  Changes from version -06 (2016-02-07) to -07

   o  Removed old CREFs.  Added a new one, but only as a forward-looking
      note to the RFC Editor.

   o  Moved expansions of ISBN, ISSN, SICI, and NBN to the first uses of
      those terms, after which the abbreviations are used exclusively.

   o  Removed text that made promises about the content and schedule for
      RFC 3188bis.

   o  Rewrote or removed several paragraphs that seemed to confuse the
      status of various documents and registrations.

   o  Added a cross-reference and additional detail for existing
      registrations not specifically discussed in this document.





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   o  Modified the IANA Considerations section to improve clarity and
      remove references to the expected template appendices.  Because
      RFC 8141 (2141bis) has been published and the new registration
      procedures are in effect, there is presumably no reason to add
      length and confusion to this document by including preliminary
      versions of those templates.

   o  Updated references, including the reference to the recently-
      published RFC 8141 (aka 2141bis).

   o  Added placeholder references for the registrations of the new IANA
      templates.

   o  Corrected minor typographical errors.

A.8.  Changes from version -07 (2017-05-09) to -08

   o  Inserted references for the new, updated, registrations for ISBN
      and ISSN.

   o  Corrected or completed several references.

   o  Many editorial changes, including being clear about actions
      already completed (including removing various temporary notes) and
      better alignment of the I-D with RFC Series stylistic conventions.

   o  With the exception of the one at the beginning of this appendix,
      remaining instructions and advice to the RFC Editor have been
      converted to notes in the XML source.

Authors' Addresses

   John C Klensin
   1770 Massachusetts Ave, Ste 322
   Cambridge, MA  02140
   USA

   Phone: +1 617 245 1457
   Email: john-ietf@jck.com


   Juha Hakala
   The National Library of Finland
   P.O. Box 15, Helsinki University
   Helsinki, MA  FIN-00014
   Finland

   Email: juha.hakala@helsinki.fi



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