Network Working Group                                       S. Perreault
Internet-Draft                                                  Viagenie
Obsoletes: 2425, 2426, 4770                                   P. Resnick
(if approved)                                      QUALCOMM Incorporated
Updates: 2739 (if approved)                             December 9, 2010
Intended status: Standards Track
Expires: June 12, 2011


                       vCard Format Specification
                    draft-ietf-vcarddav-vcardrev-14

Abstract

   This document defines the vCard data format for representing and
   exchanging a variety of information about individuals and other
   entities (e.g., formatted and structured name and delivery addresses,
   email address, multiple telephone numbers, photograph, logo, audio
   clips, etc.).

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that
   other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-
   Drafts.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt.

   The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.

   This Internet-Draft will expire on June 12, 2011.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2010 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.




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   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the BSD License.

   This document may contain material from IETF Documents or IETF
   Contributions published or made publicly available before November
   10, 2008.  The person(s) controlling the copyright in some of this
   material may not have granted the IETF Trust the right to allow
   modifications of such material outside the IETF Standards Process.
   Without obtaining an adequate license from the person(s) controlling
   the copyright in such materials, this document may not be modified
   outside the IETF Standards Process, and derivative works of it may
   not be created outside the IETF Standards Process, except to format
   it for publication as an RFC or to translate it into languages other
   than English.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
   2.  Conventions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
   3.  vCard Format Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
     3.1.  Line Delimiting and Folding  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
     3.2.  ABNF Format Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
     3.3.  Property Value Escaping  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
     3.4.  Character Set  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
   4.  Property Value Data Types  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
     4.1.  TEXT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
     4.2.  URI  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
     4.3.  DATE, TIME, DATE-TIME, DATE-AND-OR-TIME, and TIMESTAMP . . 13
       4.3.1.  DATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
       4.3.2.  TIME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
       4.3.3.  DATE-TIME  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
       4.3.4.  DATE-AND-OR-TIME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
       4.3.5.  TIMESTAMP  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
     4.4.  BOOLEAN  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
     4.5.  INTEGER  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
     4.6.  FLOAT  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
     4.7.  BINARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
     4.8.  LANGUAGE-TAG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
   5.  Property Parameters  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
     5.1.  LANGUAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
     5.2.  ENCODING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17



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     5.3.  VALUE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
     5.4.  PREF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
     5.5.  ALTID  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
     5.6.  PID  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
     5.7.  TYPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
     5.8.  CALSCALE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
     5.9.  SORT-AS  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
     5.10. GEO  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
     5.11. TZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
     5.12. VERSION  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
     5.13. FMTTYPE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
   6.  vCard Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
     6.1.  General Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
       6.1.1.  BEGIN  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
       6.1.2.  END  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
       6.1.3.  SOURCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
       6.1.4.  KIND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
       6.1.5.  XML  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
     6.2.  Identification Properties  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
       6.2.1.  FN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
       6.2.2.  N  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
       6.2.3.  NICKNAME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
       6.2.4.  PHOTO  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
       6.2.5.  BDAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
       6.2.6.  DDAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
       6.2.7.  BIRTH  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
       6.2.8.  DEATH  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
       6.2.9.  ANNIVERSARY  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
       6.2.10. SEX  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
     6.3.  Delivery Addressing Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
       6.3.1.  ADR  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
       6.3.2.  LABEL  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
     6.4.  Communications Properties  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
       6.4.1.  TEL  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
       6.4.2.  EMAIL  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
       6.4.3.  IMPP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
       6.4.4.  LANG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
     6.5.  Geographical Properties  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
       6.5.1.  TZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
       6.5.2.  GEO  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
     6.6.  Organizational Properties  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
       6.6.1.  TITLE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
       6.6.2.  ROLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
       6.6.3.  LOGO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
       6.6.4.  ORG  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
       6.6.5.  MEMBER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
       6.6.6.  RELATED  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
     6.7.  Explanatory Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47



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       6.7.1.  CATEGORIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
       6.7.2.  NOTE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
       6.7.3.  PRODID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
       6.7.4.  REV  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
       6.7.5.  SOUND  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
       6.7.6.  UID  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
       6.7.7.  CLIENTPIDMAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
       6.7.8.  URL  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
       6.7.9.  VERSION  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
     6.8.  Security Properties  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
       6.8.1.  CLASS  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
       6.8.2.  KEY  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
     6.9.  Calendar Properties  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
       6.9.1.  FBURL  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
       6.9.2.  CALADRURI  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
       6.9.3.  CALURI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
     6.10. Extended Properties and Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
   7.  Synchronization  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
     7.1.  Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
       7.1.1.  Matching vCard Instances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
       7.1.2.  Matching Property Instances  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
       7.1.3.  PID Matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
     7.2.  Example  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
       7.2.1.  Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
       7.2.2.  Initial Sharing  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
       7.2.3.  Adding and Sharing a Property  . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
       7.2.4.  Simultaneous Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
       7.2.5.  Global Context Simplification  . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
   8.  Example: Authors' vCards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
   9.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
   10. IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
     10.1. MIME Type Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
     10.2. Registering New vCard Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
       10.2.1. Registration Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
       10.2.2. Vendor Namespace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
       10.2.3. Registration Template for Properties . . . . . . . . . 66
       10.2.4. Registration Template for Parameters . . . . . . . . . 66
       10.2.5. Registration Template for Value Data Types . . . . . . 67
       10.2.6. Registration Template for Values . . . . . . . . . . . 67
     10.3. Initial vCard Elements Registries  . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
       10.3.1. Properties Registry  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
       10.3.2. Parameters Registry  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
       10.3.3. Value Data Types Registry  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
       10.3.4. Values Registries  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
   11. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
   12. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
     12.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
     12.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76



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   Appendix A.  Differences from RFCs 2425 and 2426 . . . . . . . . . 77
     A.1.  New Structure  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
     A.2.  Removed Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
     A.3.  New Properties and Parameters  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
     A.4.  Other Changes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
   Appendix B.  Change Log (to be removed by RFC Editor prior to
                publication)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
     B.1.  Changes in -14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
     B.2.  Changes in -13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
     B.3.  Changes in -12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
     B.4.  Changes in -11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
     B.5.  Changes in -10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
     B.6.  Changes in -09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
     B.7.  Changes in -08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
     B.8.  Changes in -07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
     B.9.  Changes in -06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
     B.10. Changes in -05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
     B.11. Changes in -04 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
     B.12. Changes in -03 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
     B.13. Changes in -02 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
     B.14. Changes in -01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
     B.15. Changes in -00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86





























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1.  Introduction

   Electronic address books have become ubiquitous.  Their increased
   presence on portable, connected devices as well as the diversity of
   platforms exchanging contact data call for a standard.  This memo
   defines the vCard format, which allows the capture and exchange of
   information normally stored within an address book or directory
   application.

2.  Conventions

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

3.  vCard Format Specification

   The text/vcard MIME content type (hereafter known as "vCard", see
   Section 10.1) contains contact information, typically pertaining to a
   single contact or group of contacts.  The content consists of one or
   more lines in the format given below.

3.1.  Line Delimiting and Folding

   Individual lines within vCard are delimited by the [RFC5322] line
   break, which is a CRLF sequence (ASCII decimal 13, followed by ASCII
   decimal 10).  Long logical lines of text can be split into a
   multiple-physical-line representation using the following folding
   technique.  Content lines SHOULD be folded to a maximum width of 75
   octets.  Multi-octet characters MUST remain contiguous.  The
   rationale for this folding process can be found in [RFC5322], Section
   2.1.1.

   A logical line MAY be continued on the next physical line anywhere
   between two characters by inserting a CRLF immediately followed by a
   single white space character (space, ASCII decimal 32, or horizontal
   tab, ASCII decimal 9).  The folded line MUST contain at least one
   character.  Any sequence of CRLF followed immediately by a single
   white space character is ignored (removed) when processing the
   content type.  For example the line:

     NOTE:This is a long description that exists on a long line.

   can be represented as:

     NOTE:This is a long description
       that exists on a long line.




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   It could also be represented as:

     NOTE:This is a long descrip
      tion that exists o
      n a long line.

   The process of moving from this folded multiple-line representation
   of a property definition to its single line representation is called
   unfolding.  Unfolding is accomplished by regarding CRLF immediately
   followed by a white space character (namely HTAB ASCII decimal 9 or
   SPACE ASCII decimal 32) as equivalent to no characters at all (i.e.,
   the CRLF and single white space character are removed).

      Note: It is possible for very simple implementations to generate
      improperly folded lines in the middle of a UTF-8 multi-octet
      sequence.  For this reason, implementations SHOULD unfold lines in
      such a way as to properly restore the original sequence.

      Note: Unfolding is done differently than in [RFC5322].  Unfolding
      in [RFC5322] only removes the CRLF, not the space following it.

   Folding is done after any content encoding of a type value.
   Unfolding is done before any decoding of a type value in a content
   line.

3.2.  ABNF Format Definition

   The following ABNF uses the notation of [RFC5234], which also defines
   CRLF, WSP, DQUOTE, VCHAR, ALPHA, and DIGIT.

   vcard-entity = 1*(vcard)

   vcard = "BEGIN" ":" "VCARD" CRLF
           "VERSION" ":" "4.0" CRLF
           1*contentline
           "END" ":" "VCARD" CRLF
     ; A vCard object MUST include the VERSION and FN properties.
     ; VERSION MUST come first.

   contentline = [group "."] name *(";" param) ":" value CRLF
     ; When parsing a content line, folded lines must first
     ; be unfolded according to the unfolding procedure
     ; described above.
     ; When generating a content line, lines longer than 75
     ; characters SHOULD be folded according to the folding
     ; procedure described above.

   group = 1*(ALPHA / DIGIT / "-")



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   name  = "SOURCE" / "KIND" / "FN" / "N" / "NICKNAME"
         / "PHOTO" / "BDAY" / "DDAY" / "BIRTH" / "DEATH"
         / "ANNIVERSARY" / "SEX" / "ADR" / "LABEL" / "TEL" / "EMAIL"
         / "IMPP" / "LANG" / "TZ" / "GEO" / "TITLE" / "ROLE" / "LOGO"
         / "ORG" / "MEMBER" / "RELATED" / "CATEGORIES" / "NOTE"
         / "PRODID" / "REV" / "SOUND" / "UID" / "CLIENTPIDMAP" / "URL"
         / "CLASS" / "KEY" / "FBURL" / "CALADRURI" / "CALURI" / "XML"
         / iana-token / x-name
     ; Parsing of the param and value is based on the "name" as
     ; defined in ABNF sections below.
     ; Group and name are case-insensitive.

   iana-token = 1*(ALPHA / DIGIT / "-")
     ; identifier registered with IANA

   x-name = "x-" 1*(ALPHA / DIGIT / "-")
     ; Names that begin with "x-" or "X-" are
     ; reserved for experimental use, not intended for released
     ; products, or for use in bilateral agreements.

   param = language-param / encoding-param / value-param / pref-param
         / pid-param / type-param / geo-param / tz-param /
         / sort-as-param / calscale-param / version-param
         / fmttype-param / any-param
     ; Allowed parameters depend on property name.

   param-value = *SAFE-CHAR / DQUOTE *QSAFE-CHAR DQUOTE

   any-param  = (iana-token / x-name) "=" param-value *("," param-value)

   NON-ASCII = %x80-FF
     ; Use is restricted by UTF-8

   QSAFE-CHAR = WSP / %x21 / %x23-7E / NON-ASCII
     ; Any character except CTLs, DQUOTE

   SAFE-CHAR = WSP / %x21 / %x23-39 / %x3C-7E / NON-ASCII
     ; Any character except CTLs, DQUOTE, ";", ":"

   VALUE-CHAR = WSP / VCHAR / NON-ASCII
     ; Any textual character

   A line that begins with a white space character is a continuation of
   the previous line, as described above.  The white space character and
   immediately preceeding CRLF should be discarded when reconstructing
   the original line.  Note that this line-folding convention differs
   from that found in [RFC5322], in that the sequence <CRLF><WSP> found
   anywhere in the content indicates a continued line and should be



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   removed.

   Property names and parameter names are case insensitive (e.g., the
   property name "fn" is the same as "FN" and "Fn").  Parameter values
   MAY be case sensitive or case insensitive, depending on their
   definition.

   The group construct is used to group related properties together.
   The group name is a syntactic convention used to indicate that all
   property names prefaced with the same group name SHOULD be grouped
   together when displayed by an application.  It has no other
   significance.  Implementations that do not understand or support
   grouping MAY simply strip off any text before a "." to the left of
   the type name and present the types and values as normal.

   Properties defined in a vCard instance may have multiple values
   depending on the property cardinality.  The general rule for encoding
   multi-valued properties is to simply create a new content line for
   each value (including the property name).  However, it should be
   noted that some value types support encoding multiple values in a
   single content line by separating the values with a comma ",".  This
   approach has been taken for several of the content types defined
   below (date, time, integer, float).

3.3.  Property Value Escaping

   Some properties may contain one or more values delimited by a COMMA
   character (ASCII decimal 44).  Therefore, a COMMA character in a
   value MUST be escaped with a BACKSLASH character (ASCII decimal 92),
   even for properties that don't allow multiple instances (for
   consistency).

   Some properties (e.g.  N and ADR) comprise multiple fields delimited
   by a SEMI-COLON character (ASCII decimal 59).  Therefore, a SEMI-
   COLON in a field of such a "compound" property MUST be escaped with a
   BACKSLASH character.  SEMI-COLON characters in non-compound
   properties MAY be escaped.  On input, an escaped SEMI-COLON character
   is never a field separator.  An unescaped SEMI-COLON character may be
   a field separator, depending on the property in which it appears.

   Furthermore, some fields of compound properties may contain a list of
   values delimited by a COMMA character.  Therefore, a COMMA character
   in one of a field's values MUST be escaped with a BACKSLASH
   character, even for fields that don't allow multiple values (for
   consistency).  Compound properties allowing multiple instances MUST
   NOT be encoded in a single content line.

   Finally, BACKSLASH characters in values MUST be escaped with a



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   BACKSLASH character.  NEWLINE (ASCII decimal 10) characters in values
   MUST be encoded by two characters: a BACKSLASH followed by an 'n'
   (ASCII decimal 110).

   In all other cases, escaping MUST NOT be used.

3.4.  Character Set

   The character set for vCard is UTF-8 as defined in [RFC3629].  There
   is no way to override this.  It is invalid to specify a different
   character set in the "charset" MIME parameter (see Section 10.1).
   This overrides both [RFC2046] section 4.1.2 and [RFC2616] section
   3.7.1.

4.  Property Value Data Types

   Standard value types are defined below.

     value = text
           / text-list
           / date-list
           / time-list
           / date-time-list
           / date-and-or-time-list
           / timestamp-list
           / boolean
           / integer-list
           / float-list
           / binary
           / URI               ; from Section 3 of [RFC3986]
           / iana-valuespec
       ; Actual value type depends on property name and VALUE parameter.

     text = *VALUE-CHAR

     text-list = *TEXT-LIST-CHAR *("," *TEXT-LIST-CHAR)

     TEXT-LIST-CHAR = "\\" / "\," / "\n"
                    / <any VALUE-CHAR except , or \>
        ; Backslashes, commas, and newlines must be encoded.

     date-list             = date             *("," date)
     time-list             = time             *("," time)
     date-time-list        = date-time        *("," date-time)
     date-and-or-time-list = date-and-or-time *("," date-and-or-time)
     timestamp-list        = timestamp        *("," timestamp)
     integer-list          = integer          *("," integer)
     float-list            = float            *("," float)



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     boolean = "TRUE" / "FALSE"
     integer = [sign] 1*DIGIT
     float   = [sign] 1*DIGIT ["." 1*DIGIT]

     sign = "+" / "-"

     binary = <A binary string encoded as per the ENCODING parameter>

     year   = 4DIGIT  ; 0000-9999
     month  = 2DIGIT  ; 01-12
     day    = 2DIGIT  ; 01-28/29/30/31 depending on month and leap year
     hour   = 2DIGIT  ; 00-23
     minute = 2DIGIT  ; 00-59
     second = 2DIGIT  ; 00-58/59/60 depending on leap second
     zone   = utc-designator / utc-offset
     utc-designator = %d90  ; uppercase "Z"

     date          = year    [month  day]
                   / year "-" month
                   / "--"     month [day]
                   / "--"      "-"   day
     date-noreduc  = year     month  day
                   / "--"     month  day
                   / "--"      "-"   day
     date-complete = year     month  day

     time          = hour [minute [second]] [zone]
                   /  "-"  minute [second]  [zone]
                   /  "-"   "-"    second   [zone]
     time-notrunc  = hour [minute [second]] [zone]
     time-complete = hour  minute  second   [zone]

     time-designator = %d84  ; uppercase "T"
     date-time = date-noreduc  time-designator time-notrunc
     timestamp = date-complete time-designator time-complete

     date-and-or-time = date-time / date / time-designator time

     utc-offset = sign hour [minute]

     Language-Tag = <Language-Tag, defined in [RFC5646], Section 2.1>

     iana-valuespec = <value-spec, see Section 12>
                    ; a publicly-defined valuetype format, registered
                    ; with IANA, as defined in section 12 of this
                    ; document





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4.1.  TEXT

   "text": The "text" value type should be used to identify values that
   contain human-readable text.  As for the language, it is controlled
   by the LANGUAGE property parameter defined in Section 5.1.

   Examples for "text":

       this is a text value
       this is one value,this is another
       this is a single value\, with a comma encoded

   A formatted text line break in a text value type MUST be represented
   as the character sequence backslash (ASCII decimal 92) followed by a
   Latin small letter n (ASCII decimal 110) or a Latin capital letter N
   (ASCII decimal 78), that is "\n" or "\N".

   For example a multiple line NOTE value of:

       Mythical Manager
       Hyjinx Software Division
       BabsCo, Inc.

   could be represented as:

       NOTE:Mythical Manager\nHyjinx Software Division\n
        BabsCo\, Inc.\n

   demonstrating the \n literal formatted line break technique, the
   CRLF-followed-by-space line folding technique, and the backslash
   escape technique.

4.2.  URI

   "uri": The "uri" value type should be used to identify values that
   are referenced by a URI (including a Content-ID URI), instead of
   encoded in-line.  These value references might be used if the value
   is too large, or otherwise undesirable to include directly.  The
   format for the URI is as defined in [RFC3986].  Note that the value
   of a property of type "uri" is what the URI points to, not the URI
   itself.

   Examples for "uri":

       http://www.example.com/my/picture.jpg
       ldap://ldap.example.com/cn=babs%20jensen





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4.3.  DATE, TIME, DATE-TIME, DATE-AND-OR-TIME, and TIMESTAMP

   "date", "time", "date-time", and "timestamp": Each of these value
   types is based on the definitions in [ISO.8601.2004] standard.
   Multiple such values can be specified using the comma-separated
   notation.

   Only the basic format is supported.

4.3.1.  DATE

   A calendar date as specified in [ISO.8601.2004] section 4.1.2.

   Reduced accuracy, as specified in [ISO.8601.2004] sections 4.1.2.3 a)
   and b), but not c), is permitted.

   Expanded representation, as specified in [ISO.8601.2004] section
   4.1.4, is forbidden.

   Truncated representation, as specified in [ISO.8601.2000] sections
   5.2.1.3 d), e), and f), is permitted.

   Examples for "date":

             19850412
             1985-04
             1985
             --0412
             ---12

   Note the use of YYYY-MM in the second example above.  YYYYMM is
   disallowed to prevent confusion with YYMMDD.  Note also that
   YYYY-MM-DD is disallowed since we are using the basic format instead
   of the extended format.

4.3.2.  TIME

   A time of day as specified in [ISO.8601.2004] section 4.2.

   Reduced accuracy, as specified in [ISO.8601.2004] section 4.2.2.3, is
   permitted.

   Representation with decimal fraction, as specified in [ISO.8601.2004]
   section 4.2.2.4, is forbidden.

   The midnight hour is always represented by 00, never 24 (see
   [ISO.8601.2004] section 4.2.3).




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   Truncated representation, as specified in [ISO.8601.2000] sections
   5.3.1.4 a), b), and c), is permitted.

   Examples for "time":

             102200
             1022
             10
             -2200
             --00
             102200Z
             102200-0800

4.3.3.  DATE-TIME

   A date and time of day combination as specified in [ISO.8601.2004]
   section 4.3.

   Truncation of the date part, as specified in [ISO.8601.2000] section
   5.4.2 c), is permitted.

   Examples for "date-time":

             19961022T140000
             --1022T1400
             ---22T14

4.3.4.  DATE-AND-OR-TIME

   Either a DATE-TIME, a DATE, or a TIME value.  To allow unambiguous
   interpretation, a standalone TIME value is always preceded by a "T".




















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   Examples for "date-and-or-time":

             19961022T140000
             --1022T1400
             ---22T14
             19850412
             1985-04
             1985
             --0412
             ---12
             T102200
             T1022
             T10
             T-2200
             T--00
             T102200Z
             T102200-0800

4.3.5.  TIMESTAMP

   A complete date and time of day combination as specified in
   [ISO.8601.2004] section 4.3.2.

   Examples for "timestamp":

             19961022T140000
             19961022T140000Z
             19961022T140000-05
             19961022T140000-0500

4.4.  BOOLEAN

   "boolean": The "boolean" value type is used to express boolean
   values.  These values are case insensitive.

   Examples:

       TRUE
       false
       True

4.5.  INTEGER

   "integer": The "integer" value type is used to express signed
   integers in decimal format.  If sign is not specified, the value is
   assumed positive "+".  Multiple "integer" values can be specified
   using the comma-separated notation.




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   Examples:

       1234567890
       -1234556790
       +1234556790,432109876

4.6.  FLOAT

   "float": The "float" value type is used to express real numbers.  If
   sign is not specified, the value is assumed positive "+".  Multiple
   "float" values can be specified using the comma-separated notation.

      Note: Scientific notation is disallowed.  Implementors wishing to
      use their favorite language's %f formatting should be careful.

   Examples:

       20.30
       1000000.0000001
       1.333,3.14

4.7.  BINARY

   "binary": The "binary" value type specifies that the property value
   is inline, encoded binary data.  This value type can be specified in
   the PHOTO, LOGO, SOUND, and KEY types.

   If inline encoded binary data is specified, the ENCODING type
   parameter MUST be used to specify the encoding format.  The binary
   data MUST be encoded using the "B" encoding format.  Long lines of
   encoded binary data SHOULD BE folded to 75 characters using the
   folding method defined in Section 3.1.

4.8.  LANGUAGE-TAG

   "language-tag": A single language tag, as defined in [RFC5646].

5.  Property Parameters

   A property can have attributes associated with it.  These "property
   parameters" contain meta-information about the property or the
   property value.  In some cases the property parameter can be multi-
   valued in which case the property parameter value elements are
   separated by a COMMA (US-ASCII decimal 44).

   Property parameter value elements that contain the COLON (US-ASCII
   decimal 58), SEMICOLON (US-ASCII decimal 59) or COMMA (US-ASCII
   decimal 44) character separators MUST be specified as quoted-string



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   text values.  Property parameter values MUST NOT contain the DQUOTE
   (US-ASCII decimal 34) character.  The DQUOTE character is used as a
   delimiter for parameter values that contain restricted characters or
   URI text.

   Applications MUST ignore x-param and iana-param values they don't
   recognize.

5.1.  LANGUAGE

   The LANGUAGE property parameter is used to identify data in multiple
   languages.  There is no concept of "default" language, except as
   specified by any "Content-Language" MIME header parameter that is
   present.  The value of the LANGUAGE property parameter is a language
   tag as defined in Section 2 of [RFC5646].

   Examples:

     ROLE;LANGUAGE=tr:hoca

   ABNF:

           language-param = "LANGUAGE=" Language-Tag
             ; Language-Tag is defined in section 2.1 of RFC 5646

5.2.  ENCODING

   The ENCODING property parameter is used to specify an alternate
   encoding for a value.  If the value contains a CRLF, it must be
   encoded, since CRLF is used to separate lines in the content-type
   itself.  Currently, only the "b" encoding is supported.

   The "b" encoding ([RFC2047], section 4.1) can also be useful for
   binary values that are mixed with other text information in the body
   part (e.g., a certificate).  Using a per-value "b" encoding in this
   case leaves the other information in a more readable form.  The
   encoded base 64 value can be split across multiple physical lines by
   using the line folding technique described above.

   A transport encoding (e.g. using the MIME Content-Transfer-Encoding
   header) may be applied to the whole vCard.  This is independent of
   any ENCODING used for property values.

   Note that this parameter's value is case-insensitive.  Either "b" or
   "B" MAY be used.






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   ABNF:

           encoding-param = "ENCODING=" encoding-type

           encoding-type = "b"          ; from [RFC2047]
                         / iana-token   ; registered as in section 12

5.3.  VALUE

   The VALUE parameter is optional, and is used to identify the value
   type (data type) and format of the value.  The use of these
   predefined formats is encouraged even if the value parameter is not
   explicitly used.  By defining a standard set of value types and their
   formats, existing parsing and processing code can be leveraged.  The
   predefined data type values MUST NOT be repeated in COMMA separated
   value lists except within the N, NICKNAME, ADR and CATEGORIES
   properties.

   ABNF:

     value-param = "VALUE=" value-type

     value-type = "text"
                / "uri"
                / "date"
                / "time"
                / "date-time"
                / "timestamp"
                / "boolean"
                / "integer"
                / "float"
                / "binary"
                / "language-tag"
                / "utc-offset"
                / iana-token  ; registered as described in section 12
                / x-name

5.4.  PREF

   The PREF parameter is optional, and is used to indicate that the
   corresponding instance of a property is preferred by the vCard
   author.  Its value MUST be an integer between 1 and 100 that
   quantifies the level of preference.  Lower values correspond to a
   higher level of preference, 1 being most preferred.

   When the parameter is absent, the default MUST be to interpret the
   property instance as being least preferred.




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   Note that the value of this parameter is to be interpreted only in
   relation to values assigned to other instances of the same property
   in the same vCard.  A given value, or the absence of a value, MUST
   NOT be interpreted on its own.

   This parameter MAY be applied to any property that allows multiple
   instances.

   ABNF:

           pref-param = "PREF=" (1*2DIGIT / "100")
                                ; An integer between 1 and 100.

5.5.  ALTID

   The ALTID parameter is used to "tag" property instances as being
   alternative representations of the same logical property.  For
   example, translations of a property in multiple languages generates
   multiple property instances having different LANGUAGE (Section 5.1)
   parameter which are tagged with the same ALTID value.

   This parameter's value is treated as an opaque string.  Its sole
   purpose is to be compared for equality against other ALTID parameter
   values.

   Two property instances are considered alternative representations of
   the same logical property if and only if their names as well as the
   value of their ALTID parameters are identical.  Property instances
   without the ALTID parameter MUST NOT be considered an alternative
   representation of any other property instance.  Values for the ALTID
   parameter are not globally unique: they MAY be reused for different
   property names.

   Property instances having the same ALTID parameter value count as 1
   toward cardinality.  Therefore, since BIRTH (Section 6.2.7) has
   cardinality (0,1) and TITLE (Section 6.6.1) has cardinality (0,n),
   these three examples would be legal:

     BIRTH;ALTID=1;LANGUAGE=fr:Ville de Quebec
     BIRTH;ALTID=1;LANGUAGE=en:Quebec City

     TITLE;ALTID=1;LANGUAGE=fr:Patron
     TITLE;ALTID=1;LANGUAGE=en:Boss

     TITLE;ALTID=1;LANGUAGE=fr:Patron
     TITLE;ALTID=1;LANGUAGE=en:Boss
     TITLE;ALTID=2;LANGUAGE=en:Chief vCard Evangelist




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   while this one would not:

     BIRTH;ALTID=1;LANGUAGE=fr:Ville de Quebec
     BIRTH:Quebec City
     (Two instances of the BIRTH property.)

   and these three would be legal but questionable:

     TITLE;ALTID=1;LANGUAGE=fr:Patron
     TITLE;ALTID=2;LANGUAGE=en:Boss
     (Should probably have the same ALTID value.)

     TITLE;ALTID=1;LANGUAGE=fr:Patron
     TITLE:LANGUAGE=en:Boss
     (Second line should probably have ALTID=1.)

     BIRTH;ALTID=1;LANGUAGE=fr:Ville de Quebec
     BIRTH;ALTID=1;LANGUAGE=en:Quebec City
     BIRTH;ALTID=1;LANGUAGE=en:Montreal
     (The last line should probably have ALTID=2. But that would be
      illegal because BIRTH has cardinality (0,1).)

   The ALTID property MAY also be used in may contexts other than with
   the LANGUAGE parameter.  Here's an example with two representations
   of the same photo in different file formats:

     PHOTO;ALTID=1;ENCODING=b;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:...
     PHOTO;ALTID=1;ENCODING=b;FMTTYPE=image/jp2:...

   ABNF:

           altid-param = "ALTID=" param-value

5.6.  PID

   The PID parameter is used to identify a specific property among
   multiple instances.  It plays a role analogous to the UID property
   (Section 6.7.6) on a per-property instead of per-vCard basis.  It MAY
   appear more than once in a given property.  It MUST NOT appear on
   properties that may have only one instance per vCard.  Its value is
   either a single small positive integer, or a pair of small positive
   integers separated by a dot.  Multiple values may be encoded in a
   single PID parameter by separating the values with a comma ",".  See
   Section 7 for more details on its usage.







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   ABNF:

           pid-param = "PID=" pid-value *("," pid-value)
           pid-value = 1*DIGIT ["." 1*DIGIT]

5.7.  TYPE

   The TYPE parameter has multiple, different uses.  In general, it is a
   way of specifying class characteristics of the associated property.
   Most of the time, its value is a comma-separated subset of a pre-
   defined enumeration.  In this document, the following properties make
   use of this parameter: FN, NICKNAME, PHOTO, ADR, LABEL, TEL, EMAIL,
   IMPP, LANG, TZ, GEO, TITLE, ROLE, LOGO, ORG, RELATED, CATEGORIES,
   NOTE, SOUND, URL, KEY, FBURL, CALADRURI, and CALURI.  The TYPE
   parameter MUST NOT be applied on other properties defined in this
   document.

   The "work" and "home" values act like tags.  The "work" value implies
   that the property is related to an individual's work place, while the
   "home" value implies that the property is related to an individual's
   personal life.  When neither "work" nor "home" is present, it is
   implied that the property is related to both an individual's work
   place and personal life in the case that the KIND property's value is
   "individual", or to none in other cases.

   ABNF:

           type-param = "TYPE=" type-value *("," type-value)

           type-value = "work" / "home" / type-param-tel
                      / type-param-related / iana-token / x-name
             ; This is further defined in individual property sections.

5.8.  CALSCALE

   The CALSCALE parameter is used to define the calendar system in which
   a date or date-time value is expressed.  The only value specified in
   this document is "gregorian", which stands for the Gregorian system.
   It is the default when the parameter is absent.

   ABNF:

           calscale-param = "CALSCALE=" calscale-value

           calscale-value = "gregorian" / iana-token / x-name






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5.9.  SORT-AS

   The "sort-as" parameter is used to specify the string to be used for
   national-language-specific sorting.  Without this information,
   sorting algorithms could incorrectly sort this vCard within a
   sequence of sorted vCards.  When this property is present in a vCard,
   then the given strings are used for sorting the vCard.

   This parameter's value is a comma-separated list which MUST have as
   many or less elements as the corresponding property value has
   components.

   ABNF:

     sort-as-param = "SORT-AS=" sort-as-value

     sort-as-value = param-value *("," param-value)

   Examples: For the case of surname and given name sorting, the
   following examples define common sort string usage with the N
   property.

           FN:Rene van der Harten
           N;SORT-AS="Harten,Rene":van der Harten;Rene,J.;Sir;R.D.O.N.

           FN:Robert Pau Shou Chang
           N;SORT-AS="Pau Shou Chang,Robert":Shou Chang;Robert,Pau;;

           FN:Osamu Koura
           N;SORT-AS="Koura,Osamu":Koura;Osamu;;

           FN:Oscar del Pozo
           N;SORT-AS="Pozo,Oscar":del Pozo Triscon;Oscar;;

           FN:Chistine d'Aboville
           N;SORT-AS="Aboville,Christine":d'Aboville;Christine;;

           FN:H. James de Mann
           N;SORT-AS="Mann,James":de Mann;Henry,James;;












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   If sorted by surname the results would be:

           Christine d'Aboville
           Rene van der Harten
           Osamu Koura
           H. James de Mann
           Robert Pau Shou Chang
           Oscar del Pozo

   If sorted by given name the results would be:

           Christine d'Aboville
           H. James de Mann
           Osamu Koura
           Oscar del Pozo
           Rene van der Harten
           Robert Pau Shou Chang

5.10.  GEO

   The GEO parameter can be used to indicate global positioning
   information that is specific to an address.  Its value is the same as
   that of the GEO property (see Section 6.5.2).

   ABNF:

     geo-param = "GEO=" DQUOTE uri DQUOTE

5.11.  TZ

   The TZ parameter can be used to indicate time zone information that
   is specific to an address.  Its value is the same as that of the TZ
   property.

   ABNF:

     tz-param  = "TZ=" (param-value / DQUOTE uri DQUOTE)

5.12.  VERSION

   The VERSION parameter indicates the version number of a property
   value's format.  In this specification, it is only used with the XML
   property (Section 6.1.5) to indicate the XML version of the value.

   ABNF:

     version-param = "VERSION=" param-value




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5.13.  FMTTYPE

   The FMTTYPE parameter indicates the content type [RFC4288] of a
   property's value.  It is most often used on properties with a
   "binary" value type.

   ABNF:

     fmttype-param = "FMTTYPE=" type-name "/" subtype-name
       ; "type-name" and "subtype-name" are defined in
       ; Section 4.2 of [RFC4288].

6.  vCard Properties

   What follows is an enumeration of the standard vCard properties.

   Property cardinalities are indicated using the following notation:

    +-------------+--------------------------------------------------+
    | Cardinality | Meaning                                          |
    +-------------+--------------------------------------------------+
    |    (1,1)    | Exactly one instance per vCard MUST be present.  |
    |    (0,1)    | Exactly one instance per vCard MAY be present.   |
    |    (1,n)    | One or more instances per vCard MUST be present. |
    |    (0,n)    | One or more instances per vCard MAY be present.  |
    +-------------+--------------------------------------------------+

6.1.  General Properties

6.1.1.  BEGIN

   Purpose:  To denote the beginning of a syntactic entity within a
      text/vcard content-type.

   Value type:  text

   Cardinality:  (1,1)

   Special notes:  The content entity MUST begin with the BEGIN property
      with a value of "VCARD".  The value is case-insensitive.

      The BEGIN property is used in conjunction with the END property to
      delimit an entity containing a related set of properties within an
      text/vcard content-type.  This construct can be used instead of or
      in addition to wrapping separate sets of information inside
      additional MIME headers.  It is provided for applications that
      wish to define content that can contain multiple entities within
      the same text/vcard content-type or to define content that can be



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      identifiable outside of a MIME environment.

   ABNF:

                   BEGIN-param =  ; no parameter allowed
                   BEGIN-value = "VCARD"

   Example:

         BEGIN:VCARD

6.1.2.  END

   Purpose:  To denote the end of a syntactic entity within a text/vcard
      content-type.

   Value type:  text

   Cardinality:  (1,1)

   Special notes:  The content entity MUST end with the END type with a
      value of "VCARD".  The value is case-insensitive.

      The END property is used in conjunction with the BEGIN property to
      delimit an entity containing a related set of properties within an
      text/vcard content-type.  This construct can be used instead of or
      in addition to wrapping separate sets of information inside
      additional MIME headers.  It is provided for applications that
      wish to define content that can contain multiple entities within
      the same text/vcard content-type or to define content that can be
      identifiable outside of a MIME environment.

   ABNF:

                   END-param =  ; no parameter allowed
                   END-value = "VCARD"

   Example:

         END:VCARD

6.1.3.  SOURCE

   Purpose:  To identify the source of directory information contained
      in the content type.






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   Value type:  uri

   Cardinality:  (0,n)

   Special notes:  The SOURCE property is used to provide the means by
      which applications knowledgable in the given directory service
      protocol can obtain additional or more up-to-date information from
      the directory service.  It contains a URI as defined in [RFC3986]
      and/or other information referencing the vCard to which the
      information pertains.  When directory information is available
      from more than one source, the sending entity can pick what it
      considers to be the best source, or multiple SOURCE properties can
      be included.

   ABNF:

     SOURCE-param = "VALUE=uri" / pid-param / pref-param / altid-param
                  / any-param
     SOURCE-value = uri

   Examples:

     SOURCE:ldap://ldap.example.com/cn=Babs%20Jensen,%20o=Babsco,%20c=US

     SOURCE:http://directory.example.com/addressbooks/jdoe/
      Jean%20Dupont.vcf

6.1.4.  KIND

   Purpose:  To specify the kind of object the vCard represents.

   Value type:  A single text value.

   Cardinality:  (0,1)

   Special notes:  The value may be one of: "individual" for a single
      person, "group" for a group, "org" for an organization, "location"
      for a named geographical place, "thing" for an inanimate object
      (e.g. a device, a server, etc.), an x-name or an iana-token.  If
      this property is absent, "individual" MUST be assumed as default.

   ABNF:

     KIND-param = "VALUE=text" / any-param
     KIND-value = "individual" / "group" / "org" / "location" / "thing"
                / iana-token / x-name





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   Example:

      This represents someone named Jane Doe working in the marketing
      department of the North American division of ABC Inc.

         BEGIN:VCARD
         VERSION:4.0
         KIND:individual
         FN:Jane Doe
         ORG:ABC, Inc.;North American Division;Marketing
         END:VCARD

      This represents the department itself, commonly known as ABC
      Marketing.

         BEGIN:VCARD
         VERSION:4.0
         KIND:org
         FN:ABC Marketing
         ORG:ABC, Inc.;North American Division;Marketing
         END:VCARD

6.1.5.  XML

   Purpose:  To include extended XML-encoded vCard data in a plain
      vCard.

   Value type:  A single text value (default) or a single binary value.

   Cardinality:  (0,n)

   Special notes:  The content of this property is a single XML element
      whose namespace MUST be explicitly specified using the xmlns
      attribute and MUST NOT be the vCard 4 namespace
      ("urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:vcard-4.0").  (This implies that it
      cannot duplicate a standard vCard property.)  The element is to be
      interpreted as if it was contained in a <vcard> element, as
      defined in [I-D.ietf-vcarddav-vcardxml].

      The fragment is subject to normal line folding and escaping, i.e.
      replace all backslashes with "\\", then replace all newlines with
      "\n", then fold long lines.

      The VERSION parameter (Section 5.12) indicates the XML version of
      the property's content (e.g. "1.0").  It MUST be present.






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      The value type MAY be set to "binary", in which case the ENCODING
      parameter (Section 5.2) MUST be used.

      Support for this property is OPTIONAL, but implementations of this
      specification MUST preserve instances of this property when
      propagating vCards.

      See [I-D.ietf-vcarddav-vcardxml] for more information on the
      intended use of this property.

   ABNF:

     XML-param = XML-text-param / XML-binary-param
     XML-value = XML-text-value / XML-binary-value
       ; Value and parameter MUST match.

     XML-text-param = "VALUE=text"
     XML-text-value = text

     XML-binary-param = "VALUE=binary" / encoding-param
     XML-binary-param = binary

     XML-param =/ altid-param / version-param
       ; VERSION parameter MUST be present.

6.2.  Identification Properties

   These types are used to capture information associated with the
   identification and naming of the person or resource associated with
   the vCard.

6.2.1.  FN

   Purpose:  To specify the formatted text corresponding to the name of
      the object the vCard represents.

   Value type:  A single text value.

   Cardinality:  (1,n)

   Special notes:  This property is based on the semantics of the X.520
      Common Name attribute.  The property MUST be present in the vCard
      object.

   ABNF:

     FN-param = "VALUE=text" / type-param / language-param / altid-param
              / pid-param / pref-param / any-param



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     FN-value = text

   Example:

         FN:Mr. John Q. Public\, Esq.

6.2.2.  N

   Purpose:  To specify the components of the name of the object the
      vCard represents.

   Value type:  A single structured text value.  Each component can have
      multiple values.

   Cardinality:  (0,1)

   Special note:  The structured property value corresponds, in
      sequence, to the Family Names (also known as surnames), Given
      Names, Honorific Prefixes, and Honorific Suffixes.  The text
      components are separated by the SEMI-COLON character (ASCII
      decimal 59).  Individual text components can include multiple text
      values separated by the COMMA character (ASCII decimal 44).  This
      property is based on the semantics of the X.520 individual name
      attributes.  The property SHOULD be present in the vCard object
      when the name of the object the vCard represents follows the X.520
      model.

      The SORT-AS parameter MAY be applied to this property.

   ABNF:

     N-param = "VALUE=text" / sort-as-param / language-param
             / altid-param / any-param
     N-value = list-component 3(";" list-component)

     list-component = list-component-value *("," list-component-value)
     list-component-value = "\\" / "\," / "\;" / "\n" / WSP / NON-ASCII
                          / %x21-2B / %x2D-3A / %x3C-5B / %x5D-7E

   Examples:

             N:Public;John,Q.;Mr.;Esq.

             N:Stevenson;John,Philip,Paul;Dr.;Jr.,M.D.,A.C.P.







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6.2.3.  NICKNAME

   Purpose:  To specify the text corresponding to the nickname of the
      object the vCard represents.

   Value type:  One or more text values separated by a COMMA character
      (ASCII decimal 44).

   Cardinality:  (0,n)

   Special note:  The nickname is the descriptive name given instead of
      or in addition to the one belonging to a the object the vCard
      represents.  It can also be used to specify a familiar form of a
      proper name specified by the FN or N properties.

   ABNF:

     NICKNAME-param = "VALUE=text" / type-param / language-param
                    / altid-param / pid-param / pref-param / any-param
     NICKNAME-value = text-list

   Examples:

             NICKNAME:Robbie

             NICKNAME:Jim,Jimmie

             NICKNAME;TYPE=work:Boss

6.2.4.  PHOTO

   Purpose:  To specify an image or photograph information that
      annotates some aspect of the object the vCard represents.

   Encoding:  The encoding MUST be reset to "b" using the ENCODING
      parameter in order to specify inline, encoded binary data.  If the
      value is referenced by a URI value, then the default encoding is
      used and no explicit ENCODING parameter is needed.

   Value type:  A single value.  The default is binary value.  It can
      also be reset to uri value.  The uri value can be used to specify
      a value outside of this MIME entity.

   Cardinality:  (0,n)







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   Special notes:  This property SHOULD include the parameter FMTTYPE to
      specify the graphic image format type.  The FMTTYPE parameter
      value MUST be an image media type as specified in [RFC4288].  The
      full media type name, including the "image/" prefix, MUST be used.
      However, implementations SHOULD be able to handle bare subtypes.

   ABNF:

     PHOTO-param = inline-param / refer-param / altid-param / type-param
     PHOTO-value = inline-value / refer-value
       ; Value and parameter MUST match.

     PHOTO-param =/ pid-param / pref-param / any-param

     inline-param = "VALUE=binary" / encoding-param / fmttype-param
     inline-value = binary

     refer-param = "VALUE=uri" / fmttype-param
     refer-value = uri

   Examples:

       PHOTO;VALUE=uri:http://www.example.com/pub/photos/jqpublic.gif

       PHOTO;ENCODING=b;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:MIICajCCAdOgAwIBAgICBEUwDQY
        JKoZIhvcNAQEEBQAwdzELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxLDAqBgNVBAoTI05ldHNjYXBlI
        ENvbW11bmljYXRpb25zIENvcnBvcmF0aW9uMRwwGgYDVQQLExNJbmZvcm1hdGl
        <...remainder of "B" encoded binary data...>

6.2.5.  BDAY

   Purpose:  To specify the birth date of the object the vCard
      represents.

   Value type:  The default is a single date-and-or-time value.  It can
      also be reset to a single text value.

   Cardinality:  (0,1)

   ABNF:











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     BDAY-param = BDAY-param-date / BDAY-param-text
     BDAY-value = date-and-or-time / text
       ; Value and parameter MUST match.

     BDAY-param-date = "VALUE=date-and-or-time"
     BDAY-param-text = "VALUE=text" / language-param

     BDAY-param =/ altid-param / calscale-param / any-param
       ; calscale-param can only be present when BDAY-value is
       ; date-and-or-time and actually contains a date or date-time.

   Examples:

             BDAY:19960415
             BDAY:--0415
             BDAY;19531015T231000Z
             BDAY;VALUE=text:circa 1800

6.2.6.  DDAY

   Purpose:  To specify the date of death of the object the vCard
      represents.

   Value type:  The default is a single date-and-or-time value.  It can
      also be reset to a single text value.

   Cardinality:  (0,1)

   ABNF:

     DDAY-param = DDAY-param-date / DDAY-param-text
     DDAY-value = date-and-or-time / text
       ; Value and parameter MUST match.

     DDAY-param-date = "VALUE=date-and-or-time"
     DDAY-param-text = "VALUE=text" / language-param

     DDAY-param =/ altid-param / calscale-param / any-param
       ; calscale-param can only be present when DDAY-value is
       ; date-and-or-time and actually contains a date or date-time.

6.2.7.  BIRTH

   Purpose:  To specify the place of birth of the object the vCard
      represents.






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   Value type:  A single text value (default) or a single URI value.

   Cardinality:  (0,1)

   ABNF:

     BIRTH-param = "VALUE=" / ("text" / "uri")
     BIRTH-value = text / uri
       ; Value and parameter MUST match.

     BIRTH-param =/ altid-param / language-param / any-param

   Examples:

     BIRTH:Babies'R'Us Hospital

     BIRTH;VALUE=uri:http://example.com/hospitals/babiesrus.vcf

     BIRTH;VALUE=uri:geo:46.769307,-71.283079

6.2.8.  DEATH

   Purpose:  To specify the place of death of the object the vCard
      represents.

   Value type:  A single text value (default) or a single URI value.

   Cardinality:  (0,1)

   ABNF:

     DEATH-param = "VALUE=" ("text / "uri")
     DEATH-value = text / uri
       ; Value and parameter MUST match.

     DEATH-param =/ altid-param / language-param / any-param

   Examples:

     DEATH:Aboard the Titanic\, near Newfoundland

     DEATH;VALUE=uri:http://example.com/ships/titanic.vcf

     DEATH;VALUE=uri:41.731944,-49.945833







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6.2.9.  ANNIVERSARY

   Purpose:  The date of marriage, or equivalent, of the object the
      vCard represents.

   Value type:  The default is a single date-and-or-time value.  It can
      also be reset to a single text value.

   Cardinality:  (0,1)

   ABNF:

     ANNIVERSARY-param = "VALUE=" ("date-and-or-time" / "text")
     ANNIVERSARY-value = date-and-or-time / text
       ; Value and parameter MUST match.

     ANNIVERSARY-param =/ altid-param / calscale-param / any-param
       ; calscale-param can only be present when ANNIVERSARY-value is
       ; date-and-or-time and actually contains a date or date-time.

   Examples:

             ANNIVERSARY:19960415

6.2.10.  SEX

   Purpose:  To specify the sex of the object the vCard represents, as
      defined in [ISO.5218.2004].

   Value type:  A single integer value.

   Cardinality:  (0,1)

   Special notes:  The value 0 stands for "not known", 1 stands for
      "male", 2 stands for "female", and 9 stands for "not applicable".

   ABNF:

                   SEX-param = "VALUE=integer" / any-param
                   SEX-value = "0" / "1" / "2" / "9"

   Example:

             SEX:2







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6.3.  Delivery Addressing Properties

   These types are concerned with information related to the delivery
   addressing or label for the vCard object.

6.3.1.  ADR

   Purpose:  To specify the components of the delivery address for the
      vCard object.

   Value type:  A single structured text value, separated by the SEMI-
      COLON character (ASCII decimal 59).

   Cardinality:  (0,n)

   Special notes:  The structured type value consists of a sequence of
      address components.  The component values MUST be specified in
      their corresponding position.  The structured type value
      corresponds, in sequence, to the post office box; the extended
      address (e.g. apartment or suite number); the street address; the
      locality (e.g., city); the region (e.g., state or province); the
      postal code; the country name (full name in the language specified
      in Section 5.1).  When a component value is missing, the
      associated component separator MUST still be specified.

      The text components are separated by the SEMI-COLON character
      (ASCII decimal 59).  Where it makes semantic sense, individual
      text components can include multiple text values (e.g., a "street"
      component with multiple lines) separated by the COMMA character
      (ASCII decimal 44).

      The property can include the "PREF" parameter to indicate the
      preferred delivery address when more than one address is
      specified.

      The GEO and TZ parameters MAY be used with this property.

   ABNF:













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     ADR-param = "VALUE=text" / language-param / geo-param / tz-param
               / altid-param / pid-param / pref-param / type-param
               / any-param
     ADR-value = ADR-component-pobox ";" ADR-component-ext ";"
                 ADR-component-street ";" ADR-component-locality ";"
                 ADR-component-region ";" ADR-component-code ";"
                 ADR-component-country
     ADR-component-pobox    = list-component
     ADR-component-ext      = list-component
     ADR-component-street   = list-component
     ADR-component-locality = list-component
     ADR-component-region   = list-component
     ADR-component-code     = list-component
     ADR-component-country  = list-component

   Example: In this example the post office box and the extended address
   are absent.

     ADR;GEO="geo:12.3457,78.910":;;123 Main Street;Any Town;CA
      ;91921-1234;U.S.A.

6.3.2.  LABEL

   Purpose:  To specify the formatted text corresponding to a delivery
      address of the object the vCard represents.

   Value type:  A single text value.

   Cardinality:  (0,n)

   Special notes:  The property value is formatted text that can be used
      to present a delivery address label for the vCard object.  The
      property can include the "PREF" parameter to indicate the
      preferred delivery address when more than one address is
      specified.

   ABNF:

     LABEL-param = "VALUE=text" / language-param / pid-param
                 / pref-param / altid-param / type-param / any-param
     LABEL-value = text

   Example: A multi-line address label.

           LABEL:Mr.John Q. Public\, Esq.\nMail Drop: TNE QB\n
            123 Main Street\nAny Town\, CA  91921-1234\nU.S.A.





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6.4.  Communications Properties

   These properties describe information about how to communicate with
   the object the vCard represents.

6.4.1.  TEL

   Purpose:  To specify the telephone number for telephony communication
      with the object the vCard represents.

   Value type:  A single URI value.  It is expected that the URI scheme
      will be "tel", as specified in [RFC3966], but other schemes MAY be
      used.

   Cardinality:  (0,n)

   Special notes:  This property is based on the X.520 Telephone Number
      attribute.

      The property can include the "PREF" parameter to indicate a
      preferred-use telephone number.

      The property can include the parameter "TYPE" to specify intended
      use for the telephone number.  The predefined values for the TYPE
      parameter are:

   +-----------+-------------------------------------------------------+
   | Value     | Description                                           |
   +-----------+-------------------------------------------------------+
   | text      | Indicates that the telephone number supports text     |
   |           | messages (SMS).                                       |
   | voice     | Indicates a voice telephone number.                   |
   | fax       | Indicates a facsimile telephone number.               |
   | cell      | Indicates a cellular or mobile telephone number.      |
   | video     | Indicates a video conferencing telephone number.      |
   | pager     | Indicates a paging device telephone number.           |
   | textphone | Indicates a telecommunication device for people with  |
   |           | hearing or speech difficulties..                      |
   +-----------+-------------------------------------------------------+

      The default type is "voice".  These type parameter values can be
      specified as a parameter list (e.g., "TYPE=text;TYPE=voice") or as
      a value list (e.g., "TYPE=text,voice").  The default can be
      overridden to another set of values by specifying one or more
      alternate values.  For example, the default TYPE of "voice" can be
      reset to a VOICE and FAX telephone number by the value list
      "TYPE=voice,fax".




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      If this property's value is a URI that can also be used for
      instant messaging, the IMPP (Section 6.4.3) property SHOULD be
      used in addition to this property.

   ABNF:

     TEL-param = "VALUE=uri" / type-param / pid-param / pref-param
               / altid-param / any-param
     TEL-value = uri

     type-param-tel = "text" / "voice" / "fax" / "cell" / "video"
                    / "pager" / "textphone" / iana-token / x-name
       ; type-param-tel MUST NOT be used with a property other than TEL.

   Example:

           TEL;PREF=1;TYPE=voice,home:tel:+1-555-555-5555;ext=5555
           TEL;TYPE=home:tel:+33-01-23-45-67

6.4.2.  EMAIL

   Purpose:  To specify the electronic mail address for communication
      with the object the vCard represents.

   Value type:  A single text value.

   Cardinality:  (0,n)

   Special notes:  The property can include tye "PREF" parameter to
      indicate a preferred-use email address when more than one is
      specified.

   ABNF:

     EMAIL-param = "VALUE=text" / pid-param / pref-param / type-param
                 / altid-param / any-param
     EMAIL-value = addr-spec  ; from [RFC5322] section 3.4.1

   Example:

           EMAIL;TYPE=work:jqpublic@xyz.example.com

           EMAIL;PREF=1:jane_doe@example.com








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6.4.3.  IMPP

   Purpose:  To specify the URI for instant messaging and presence
      protocol communications with the object the vCard represents.

   Value type:  A single URI.

   Cardinality:  (0,n)

   Special notes:  The property may include the "PREF" parameter to
      indicate that this is a preferred address and has the same
      semantics as the "PREF" parameter in a TEL property.

      If this property's value is a URI that can be used for voice
      and/or video, the TEL property (Section 6.4.1) SHOULD be used in
      addition to this property.

      This property is adapted from [RFC4770], which is made obsolete by
      this document.

   ABNF:

     IMPP-param = "VALUE=uri" / pid-param / pref-param / type-param
                / altid-param / any-param
     IMPP-value = uri

   Example:

       IMPP;PREF=1:xmpp:alice@example.com

6.4.4.  LANG

   Purpose:  To specify the language(s) that may be used for contacting
      the individual associated with the vCard.

   Value type:  A single language-tag value.

   Cardinality:  (0,n)

   ABNF:

     LANG-param = "VALUE=language-tag" / pid-param / pref-param
                / altid-param / type-param / any-param
     LANG-value = Language-Tag







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   Example:

       LANG;TYPE=work;PREF=1:en
       LANG;TYPE=work;PREF=2:fr
       LANG;TYPE=home:fr

6.5.  Geographical Properties

   These properties are concerned with information associated with
   geographical positions or regions associated with the object the
   vCard represents.

6.5.1.  TZ

   Purpose:  To specify information related to the time zone of the
      object the vCard represents.

   Value type:  The default is a single text value.  It can also be
      reset to a single URI or utc-offset value.

   Cardinality:  (0,n)

   Special notes:  It is expected that names from the public-domain
      Olson database [TZ-DB] will be used, but this is not a
      restriction.

      Efforts are currently being directed at creating a standard URI
      scheme for expressing time zone information.  Usage of such a
      scheme would ensure a high level of interoperability between
      implementations that support it.

      Note that utc-offset values SHOULD NOT be used because the UTC
      offset varies with time - not just because of the usual daylight
      saving time shifts that occur in may regions, but often entire
      regions will "re-base" their overall offset.  The actual offset
      may be +/- 1 hour (or perhaps a little more) than the one given.

   ABNF:

     TZ-param = "VALUE=" ("text" / "uri" / "utc-offset")
     TZ-value = text / uri / utc-offset
       ; Value and parameter MUST match

     TZ-param =/ altid-param / pid-param / pref-param / type-param
               / any-param

   Examples:




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     TZ:Raleigh/North America

     TZ;VALUE=utc-offset:-0500
       ; Note: utc-offset format is NOT RECOMMENDED.

6.5.2.  GEO

   Purpose:  To specify information related to the global positioning of
      the object the vCard represents.

   Value type:  A single URI.

   Cardinality:  (0,n)

   Special notes:  The "geo" URI scheme [RFC5870] is particularly well-
      suited for this property, but other schemes MAY be used.

   ABNF:

     GEO-param = "VALUE=uri" / pid-param / pref-param / type-param
               / altid-param / any-param
     GEO-value = uri

   Example:

           GEO:geo:37.386013,-122.082932

6.6.  Organizational Properties

   These properties are concerned with information associated with
   characteristics of the organization or organizational units of the
   object that the vCard represents.

6.6.1.  TITLE

   Purpose:  To specify the position or job of the object the vCard
      represents.

   Value type:  A single text value.

   Cardinality:  (0,n)

   Special notes:  This property is based on the X.520 Title attribute.

   ABNF:

     TITLE-param = "VALUE=text" / language-param / pid-param
                 / pref-param / altid-param / type-param / any-param



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     TITLE-value = text

   Example:

           TITLE:Research Scientist

6.6.2.  ROLE

   Purpose:  To specify the function or part played in a particular
      situation by the object the vCard represents.

   Value type:  A single text value.

   Cardinality:  (0,n)

   Special notes:  This property is based on the X.520 Business Category
      explanatory attribute.  This property is included as an
      organizational type to avoid confusion with the semantics of the
      TITLE property and incorrect usage of that property when the
      semantics of this property is intended.

   ABNF:

     ROLE-param = "VALUE=text" / language-param / pid-param / pref-param
                / type-param / altid-param / any-param
     ROLE-value = text

   Example:

           ROLE:Project Leader

6.6.3.  LOGO

   Purpose:  To specify a graphic image of a logo associated with the
      object the vCard represents.

   Encoding:  The encoding MUST be reset to "b" using the ENCODING
      parameter in order to specify inline, encoded binary data.  If the
      value is referenced by a URI value, then the default encoding of
      8bit is used and no explicit ENCODING parameter is needed.

   Value type:  A single value.  The default is binary value.  It can
      also be reset to uri value.  The uri value can be used to specify
      a value outside of this MIME entity.







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   Cardinality:  (0,n)

   Special notes:  This property SHOULD include the parameter FMTTYPE to
      specify the graphic image format type.  The FMTTYPE parameter
      value MUST be an image media type as specified in [RFC4288].  The
      full media type name, including the "image/" prefix, MUST be used.
      However, implementations SHOULD be able to handle bare subtypes.

   ABNF:

     LOGO-param = inline-param / refer-param
     LOGO-value = inline-value / refer-value
       ; Value and parameter MUST match.

     LOGO-param =/ language-param / pid-param / pref-param / type-param
                 / altid-param / any-param

   Examples:

     LOGO;VALUE=uri:http://www.example.com/pub/logos/abccorp.jpg

     LOGO;ENCODING=b;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:MIICajCCAdOgAwIBAgICBEUwDQYJ
      KoZAQEEBQAwdzELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxLDAqBgNVBAoTI05ldHNjYXBlIENvbW1
      1bmljYXRpb25zIENvcnBvcmF0aW9uMRwwGgYDVQQLExNJbmZvcm1hdGlvbiBTe
      <...the remainder of "B" encoded binary data...>

6.6.4.  ORG

   Purpose:  To specify the organizational name and units associated
      with the vCard.

   Value type:  A single structured text value consisting of components
      separated by the SEMI-COLON character (ASCII decimal 59).

   Cardinality:  (0,n)

   Special notes:  The property is based on the X.520 Organization Name
      and Organization Unit attributes.  The property value is a
      structured type consisting of the organization name, followed by
      zero or more levels of organizational unit names.

      The SORT-AS parameter MAY be applied to this property.

   ABNF:







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     ORG-param = "VALUE=text" / sort-as-param / language-param
               / pid-param / pref-param / altid-param / type-param
               / any-param
     ORG-value = component *(";" component)

     component = "\\" / "\;" / "\n" / WSP / NON-ASCII
               / %x21-3A / %x3C-5B / %x5D-7E

   Example: A property value consisting of an organizational name,
   organizational unit #1 name and organizational unit #2 name.

           ORG:ABC, Inc.;North American Division;Marketing

6.6.5.  MEMBER

   Purpose:  To include a member in the group this vCard represents.

   Value type:  A single URI.  It MAY refer to something other than a
      vCard object.  For example, an e-mail distribution list could
      employ the "mailto" URI scheme for efficiency.

   Cardinality:  (0,n)

   Special notes:  This property MUST NOT be present unless the value of
      the KIND property is "group".

   ABNF:

     MEMBER-param = "VALUE=uri" / pid-param / pref-param / altid-param
                  / any-param
     MEMBER-value = uri

   Examples:


















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     BEGIN:VCARD
     VERSION:4.0
     KIND:group
     FN:The Doe family
     MEMBER:urn:uuid:03a0e51f-d1aa-4385-8a53-e29025acd8af
     MEMBER:urn:uuid:b8767877-b4a1-4c70-9acc-505d3819e519
     END:VCARD
     BEGIN:VCARD
     VERSION:4.0
     FN:John Doe
     UID:urn:uuid:03a0e51f-d1aa-4385-8a53-e29025acd8af
     END:VCARD
     BEGIN:VCARD
     VERSION:4.0
     FN:Jane Doe
     UID:urn:uuid:b8767877-b4a1-4c70-9acc-505d3819e519
     END:VCARD


     BEGIN:VCARD
     VERSION:4.0
     KIND:group
     FN:Funky distribution list
     MEMBER:mailto:subscriber1@example.com
     MEMBER:xmpp:subscriber2@example.com
     MEMBER:sip:subscriber3@example.com
     MEMBER:tel:+1-418-555-5555
     END:VCARD

6.6.6.  RELATED

   Purpose:  To specify a relationship between another person and the
      individual represented by this vCard.

   Value type:  A single URI.  It can also be reset to a single text
      value.  The text value can be used to specify textual information.

   Cardinality:  (0,n)

   Special notes:  The TYPE parameter MAY be used to characterize the
      related individual.  The understood types are:

      *  "parent" means that the related individual is the parent of the
         individual this vCard represents.

      *  "child" means that the related individual is the child of the
         individual this vCard represents.  Note that the parent/child
         relationship does not need to be biological.



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      *  "sibling" means that the two individuals are siblings.

      *  "spouse" for a spouse, domestic partner, or similar relation.

      *  "family" for any other family relationship.

      *  "friend" for a friend.

      *  "supervisor" means that the related individual is the direct
         hierarchical superior (i.e. supervisor or manager) of the
         individual this vCard represents.

      *  "supervisee" means the opposite of "supervisor".

      *  "assistant" for an assistant or secretary.

      *  "colleague" for any other workplace relationship.

      *  "agent" for a person who may sometimes act on behalf of the
         individual or resource associated with the vCard.

      *  "emergency" indicates an emergency contact.

      Other types may be registered to IANA as described in
      Section 10.2, and private extensions may be used.

   ABNF:

     RELATED-param = RELATED-param-uri / RELATED-param-text
     RELATED-value = uri / text
       ; Parameter and value MUST match.

     RELATED-param-uri = "VALUE=uri"
     RELATED-param-text = "VALUE=text" / language-param

     RELATED-param =/ pid-param / pref-param / altid-param / type-param
                    / any-param

     type-param-related = "parent" / "child" / "sibling" / "spouse"
                        / "family" / "friend" / "supervisor"
                        / "supervisee" / "assistant" / "colleague"
                        / "agent" / "emergency" / iana-token / x-name
       ; type-param-related MUST NOT be used with a property other than
       ; RELATED.







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   Examples:

   RELATED;TYPE=supervisor:urn:uuid:f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6
   RELATED;TYPE=assistant:http://example.com/directory/jdoe.vcf
   RELATED;TYPE=agent;VALUE=text:Please contact my assistant Jane Doe
    for any inquiries.

6.7.  Explanatory Properties

   These properties are concerned with additional explanations, such as
   that related to informational notes or revisions specific to the
   vCard.

6.7.1.  CATEGORIES

   Purpose:  To specify application category information about the
      vCard.  Also known as "tags".

   Value type:  One or more text values separated by a COMMA character
      (ASCII decimal 44).

   Cardinality:  (0,n)

   ABNF:

     CATEGORIES-param = "VALUE=text" / pid-param / pref-param
                      / type-param / altid-param / any-param
     CATEGORIES-value = text-list

   Example:

           CATEGORIES:TRAVEL AGENT

           CATEGORIES:INTERNET,IETF,INDUSTRY,INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

6.7.2.  NOTE

   Purpose:  To specify supplemental information or a comment that is
      associated with the vCard.

   Value type:  A single text value.

   Cardinality:  (0,n)

   Special notes:  The property is based on the X.520 Description
      attribute.





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   ABNF:

     NOTE-param = "VALUE=text" / language-param / pid-param / pref-param
                / type-param / altid-param / any-param
     NOTE-value = text

   Example:

           NOTE:This fax number is operational 0800 to 1715
             EST\, Mon-Fri.

6.7.3.  PRODID

   Purpose:  To specify the identifier for the product that created the
      vCard object.

   Type value:  A single text value.

   Cardinality:  (0,1)

   Special notes:  Implementations SHOULD use a method such as that
      specified for Formal Public Identifiers in [ISO9070] or for
      Universal Resource Names in [RFC3406] to ensure that the text
      value is unique.

   ABNF:

     PRODID-param = "VALUE=text" / any-param
     PRODID-value = text

   Example:

           PRODID:-//ONLINE DIRECTORY//NONSGML Version 1//EN

6.7.4.  REV

   Purpose:  To specify revision information about the current vCard.

   Value type:  A single timestamp value.

   Cardinality:  (0,1)

   Special notes:  The value distinguishes the current revision of the
      information in this vCard for other renditions of the information.







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   ABNF:

     REV-param = "VALUE=timestamp" / any-param
     REV-value = timestamp

   Example:

           REV:19951031T222710Z

6.7.5.  SOUND

   Purpose:  To specify a digital sound content information that
      annotates some aspect of the vCard.  This property is often used
      to specify the proper pronunciation of the name property value of
      the vCard.

   Encoding:  The encoding MUST be reset to "b" using the ENCODING
      parameter in order to specify inline, encoded binary data.  If the
      value is referenced by a URI value, then the default encoding of
      8bit is used and no explicit ENCODING parameter is needed.

   Value type:  A single value.  The default is binary value.  It can
      also be reset to uri value.  The uri value can be used to specify
      a value outside of this MIME entity.

   Cardinality:  (0,n)

   Special notes:  This property SHOULD include the parameter FMTTYPE to
      specify the audio format type.  The FMTTYPE parameter value MUST
      be an audio media type as specified in [RFC4288].  The full media
      type name, including the "audio/" prefix, MUST be used.  However,
      implementations SHOULD be able to handle bare subtypes.

   ABNF:

     SOUND-param = inline-param / refer-param
     SOUND-value = inline-value / refer-value
       ; Value and parameter MUST match.

     SOUND-param =/ language-param / pid-param / pref-param / type-param
                  / altid-param / any-param

   Example:








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     SOUND;FMTTYPE=audio/basic;VALUE=uri:CID:JOHNQPUBLIC.part8.
      19960229T080000.xyzMail@example.com

     SOUND;FMTTYPE=audio/basic;ENCODING=b:MIICajCCAdOgAwIBAgICBEUwDQ
      YJKAQEEBQAwdzELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxLDAqBgNVBAoTI05ldHNjYXBlIENvbW1
      1bmljYXRpb25zIENvcnBvcmF0aW9uMRwwGgYDVQQLExNJbmZvcm1hdGlvbiBTe
      <...the remainder of "B" encoded binary data...>

6.7.6.  UID

   Purpose:  To specify a value that represents a globally unique
      identifier corresponding to the individual or resource associated
      with the vCard.

   Value type:  A single URI value.

   Cardinality:  (0,1)

   Special notes:  This property is used to uniquely identify the object
      that the vCard represents.  The "uuid" URN namespace defined in
      [RFC4122] is particularly well-suited to this task, but other URI
      schemes MAY be used.

   ABNF:

     UID-param = "VALUE=uri" / any-param
     UID-value = uri

   Example:

           UID:urn:uuid:f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6

6.7.7.  CLIENTPIDMAP

   Purpose:  To give a global meaning to a local PID source identifier.

   Value type:  A semicolon-separated pair of values.  The first field
      is a small integer corresponding to the second field of a PID
      parameter instance.  The second field is a URI.  The "uuid" URN
      namespace defined in [RFC4122] is particularly well-suited to this
      task, but other URI schemes MAY be used.

   Cardinality:  (0,n)

   Special notes:  PID source identifiers (the source identifier is the
      second field in a PID parameter instance) are small integers that
      only have significance within the scope of a single vCard
      instance.  Each distinct source identifier present in a vCard MUST



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      have an associated CLIENTPIDMAP.  See Section 7 for more details
      on the usage of CLIENTPIDMAP.

      PID source identifiers MUST be strictly positive.  Zero is not
      allowed.

      As a special exception, the PID parameter MUST NOT be applied to
      this property.

   ABNF:

     CLIENTPIDMAP-param = any-param
     CLIENTPIDMAP-value = 1*DIGIT ";" uri

   Example:

     TEL;PID=3.1,4.2:tel:+1-555-555-5555
     EMAIL;PID=4.1,5.2:jdoe@example.com
     CLIENTPIDMAP:1;urn:uuid:3df403f4-5924-4bb7-b077-3c711d9eb34b
     CLIENTPIDMAP:2;urn:uuid:d89c9c7a-2e1b-4832-82de-7e992d95faa5

6.7.8.  URL

   Purpose:  To specify a uniform resource locator associated with the
      object that the vCard refers to.  Examples for individuals include
      personal web sites, blogs, and social networking site identifiers.

   Cardinality:  (0,n)

   Value type:  A single uri value.

   ABNF:

     URL-param = "VALUE=uri" / pid-param / pref-param / type-param
               / altid-param / any-param
     URL-value = uri

   Example:

           URL:http://example.org/restaurant.french/~chezchic.html

6.7.9.  VERSION

   Purpose:  To specify the version of the vCard specification used to
      format this vCard.






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   Value type:  A single text value.

   Cardinality:  (1,1)

   Special notes:  This property MUST be present in the vCard object,
      and it must come first.  The value MUST be "4.0" if the vCard
      corresponds to this specification.  Note that earlier versions of
      vCard allowed this property to be placed anywehre in the vCard
      object, or even to be absent.

   ABNF:

     VERSION-param = "VALUE=text" / any-param
     VERSION-value = "4.0"

   Example:

           VERSION:4.0

6.8.  Security Properties

   These properties are concerned with the security of communication
   pathways or access to the vCard.

6.8.1.  CLASS

   Purpose:  To specify the access classification for a vCard object.

   Value type:  A single text value.

   Cardinality:  (0,1)

   Special notes:  An access classification is only one component of the
      general security model for a directory service.  The
      classification attribute provides a method of capturing the intent
      of the owner for general access to information described by the
      vCard object.

      Predefined values are:

      PUBLIC:  This vCard MAY be shared with anyone.

      PRIVATE:  This vCard MUST NOT be shared.  It MAY be exported if
         explictly authorized and requested by the creator.







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      CONFIDENTIAL:  This vCard MAY be shared with allowed users or
         systems.  The exact confidentiality level is site-specific and
         out of scope for the vCard specification.

   ABNF:

     CLASS-param = "VALUE=text" / any-param
     CLASS-value = "PUBLIC" / "PRIVATE" / "CONFIDENTIAL" / iana-token
                 / x-name

   Examples:

           CLASS:PUBLIC

           CLASS:PRIVATE

           CLASS:CONFIDENTIAL

6.8.2.  KEY

   Purpose:  To specify a public key or authentication certificate
      associated with the object that the vCard represents.

   Encoding:  The encoding MUST be reset to "b" using the ENCODING
      parameter in order to specify inline, encoded binary data.

   Value type:  A single value.  The default is binary.  It can also be
      reset to a text or uri value.  A uri value can be used to specify
      an external value.

   Cardinality:  (0,n)

   Special notes:  This property SHOULD include the parameter FMTTYPE to
      specify the public key or authentication certificate format.  The
      FMTTYPE parameter value MUST be a media type as specified in
      [RFC4288].

   ABNF:

     KEY-param = inline-param / refer-param / KEY-text-param
     KEY-value = inline-value / refer-value / KEY-text-value
       ; Value and parameter MUST match.

     KEY-text-param = "VALUE=text"
     KEY-text-value = text

     KEY-param =/ altid-param / pid-param / pref-param / type-param
                / any-param



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   Examples:

     KEY;VALUE=uri:http://www.example.com/keys/jdoe

     KEY;FMTTYPE=application/pgp-keys;ENCODING=b:mQGiBEbEPUsRBACBF0R
      SINmGutdM+KSAl7HMzwXHaLbvEOyu8At80I8qGejhzWowKbfem3X0m68Y/vhb+
      J2g7q11KHpnEdNb67uZaj9nTQ09Q+UFtH25qD/Afn3+9bOJQaPjAUYzXu3vD/x
      <...remainder of "B" encoded binary data...>

6.9.  Calendar Properties

   These properties are further specified in [RFC2739].

6.9.1.  FBURL

   Purpose:  To specify the URI for the busy time associated with the
      object that the vCard represents.

   Value type:  A single URI value.

   Cardinality:  (0,n)

   Special notes:  Where multiple FBURL properties are specified, the
      default FBURL property is indicated with the PREF parameter.  The
      FTP or HTTP type of URI points to an iCalendar [RFC5545] object
      associated with a snapshot of the next few weeks or months of busy
      time data.  If the iCalendar object is represented as a file or
      document, its file type should be "ifb".

   ABNF:

     FBURL-param = "VALUE=uri" / pid-param / pref-param / type-param
                 / altid-param / any-param
     FBURL-value = uri

   Examples:

     FBURL;PREF=1:http://www.example.com/busy/janedoe
     FBURL:FTP://ftp.example.com/busy/project-a.ifb

6.9.2.  CALADRURI

   Purpose:  To specify the calendar user address [RFC5545] to which a
      scheduling request [RFC5546] should be sent for the object
      represented by the vCard.






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   Value type:  A single URI value.

   Cardinality:  (0,n)

   Special notes:  Where multiple CALADRURI properties are specified,
      the default CALADRURI property is indicated with the PREF
      parameter.

   ABNF:

     CALADRURI-param = "VALUE=uri" / pid-param / pref-param / type-param
                     / altid-param / any-param
     CALADRURI-value = uri

   Example:

     CALADRURI;PREF=1:mailto:janedoe@example.com
     CALADRURI:http://example.com/calendar/jdoe

6.9.3.  CALURI

   Purpose:  To specify the URI for a calendar associated with the
      object represented by the vCard.

   Value type:  A single URI value.

   Cardinality:  (0,n)

   Special notes:  Where multiple CALURI properties are specified, the
      default CALURI property is indicated with the PREF parameter.  The
      property should contain a URI pointing to an iCalendar [RFC5545]
      object associated with a snapshot of the user's calendar store.
      If the iCalendar object is represented as a file or document, its
      file type should be "ics".

   ABNF:

     CALURI-param = "VALUE=uri" / pid-param / pref-param / type-param
                  / altid-param / any-param
     CALURI-value = uri

   Examples:

     CALURI;PREF=1:http://cal.example.com/calA
     CALURI:ftp://ftp.example.com/calA.ics






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6.10.  Extended Properties and Parameters

   The properties and parameters defined by this document can be
   extended.  Non-standard, private properties and parameters with a
   name starting with "X-" may be defined bilaterally between two
   cooperating agents without outside registration or standardization.

7.  Synchronization

   vCard data often needs to be synchronized between devices.  In this
   context, synchronization is defined as the intelligent merging of two
   representations of the same object. vCard 4.0 includes mechanisms to
   aid this process.

7.1.  Mechanisms

   Two mechanisms are available: the UID property is used to match
   multiple instances of the same vCard, while the PID parameter is used
   to match multiple instances of the same property.

   The term "matching" is used here to mean recognizing that two
   instances are in fact representations of the same object.  For
   example, a single vCard that is shared with someone results in two
   vCard instances.  After they have evolved separately, they still
   represent the same object, and therefore may be matched by a
   synchronization engine.

7.1.1.  Matching vCard Instances

   vCard instances for which the UID properties (Section 6.7.6) are
   equivalent MUST be matched.  Equivalence is determined as specified
   in [RFC3986], Section 6.

   In all other cases, vCard instances MAY be matched at the discretion
   of the synchronization engine.

7.1.2.  Matching Property Instances

   Property instances belonging to unmatched vCards MUST NOT be matched.

   Property instances whose name (e.g.  EMAIL, TEL, etc.) is not the
   same MUST NOT be matched.

   Property instances whose name is CLIENTPIDMAP are handled separately
   and MUST NOT be matched.  The synchronization MUST ensure that there
   is consistency of CLIENTPIDMAPs among matched vCard instances.

   Property instances belonging to matched vCards, whose name is the



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   same, and whose maximum cardinality is 1 MUST be matched.

   Property instances belonging to matched vCards, whose name is the
   same, and whose PID parameters match MUST be matched.  See
   Section 7.1.3 for details on PID matching.

   In all other cases, property instances MAY be matched at the
   discretion of the synchronization engine.

7.1.3.  PID Matching

   Two PID values for which the first fields are equivalent represent
   the same local value.

   Two PID values representing the same local value and for which the
   second fields point to CLIENTPIDMAP properties whose second field
   URIs are equivalent (as specified in [RFC3986], Section 6) also
   represent the same global value.

   PID parameters for which at least one pair of their values represent
   the same global value MUST be matched.

   In all other cases, PID parameters MAY be matched at the discretion
   of the synchronization engine.

   For example, PID value "5.1", in the first vCard below, and PID value
   "5.2", in the second vCard below, represent the same global value.

     BEGIN:VCARD
     VERSION:4.0
     EMAIL;PID=4.2,5.1:jdoe@example.com
     CLIENTPIDMAP:1;urn:uuid:3eef374e-7179-4196-a914-27358c3e6527
     CLIENTPIDMAP:2;urn:uuid:42bcd5a7-1699-4514-87b4-056edf68e9cc
     END:VCARD

     BEGIN:VCARD
     VERSION:4.0
     EMAIL;PID=5.1,5.2:john@example.com
     CLIENTPIDMAP:1;urn:uuid:0c75c629-6a8d-4d5e-a07f-1bb35846854d
     CLIENTPIDMAP:2;urn:uuid:3eef374e-7179-4196-a914-27358c3e6527
     END:VCARD

7.2.  Example

7.2.1.  Creation

   The following simple vCard is first created on a given device.




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     BEGIN:VCARD
     VERSION:4.0
     UID:urn:uuid:4fbe8971-0bc3-424c-9c26-36c3e1eff6b1
     FN;PID=1.1:J. Doe
     N:Doe;J.;;
     EMAIL;PID=1.1:jdoe@example.com
     CLIENTPIDMAP:1;urn:uuid:53e374d9-337e-4727-8803-a1e9c14e0556
     END:VCARD

   This new vCard is assigned the UID
   "urn:uuid:4fbe8971-0bc3-424c-9c26-36c3e1eff6b1" by the creating
   device.  The FN and EMAIL properties are assigned the same local
   value of 1, and this value is given global context by associating it
   with "urn:uuid:53e374d9-337e-4727-8803-a1e9c14e0556", which
   represents the creating device.  We are at liberty to reuse the same
   local value since instances of different properties will never be
   matched.  The N property has no PID because it is forbidden by its
   maximum cardinality of 1.

7.2.2.  Initial Sharing

   This vCard is shared with a second device.  Upon inspecting the UID
   property, the second device understands that this is a new vCard
   (i.e. unmatched) and thus the synchronization results in a simple
   copy.

7.2.3.  Adding and Sharing a Property

   A new phone number is created on the first device, then the vCard is
   shared with the second device.  This is what the second device
   receives:

     BEGIN:VCARD
     VERSION:4.0
     UID:urn:uuid:4fbe8971-0bc3-424c-9c26-36c3e1eff6b1
     FN;PID=1.1:J. Doe
     N:Doe;J.;;
     EMAIL;PID=1.1:jdoe@example.com
     TEL;PID=1.1:tel:+1-555-555-5555
     CLIENTPIDMAP:1;urn:uuid:53e374d9-337e-4727-8803-a1e9c14e0556
     END:VCARD

   Upon inspecting the UID property, the second device matches the vCard
   it received to the vCard that it already has stored.  It then starts
   comparing the properties of the two vCards in same-named pairs.

   The FN properties are matched because the PID parameters have the
   same global value.  Since the property value is the same, no update



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   takes place.

   The N properties are matched automatically because their maximum
   cardinality is 1.  Since the property value is the same, no update
   takes place.

   The EMAIL properties are matched because the PID parameters have the
   same global value.  Since the property value is the same, no update
   takes place.

   The TEL property in the new vCard is not matched to any in the stored
   vCard because no property in the stored vCard has the same name.
   Therefore, this property is copied from the new vCard to the stored
   vCard.

   The CLIENTPIDMAP property is handled separately by the
   synchronization engine.  It ensures that it is consistent with the
   stored one.  If it was not, the results would be up to the
   synchronization engine, and thus undefined by this document.

7.2.4.  Simultaneous Editing

   A new email address and a new phone number are added to the vCard on
   each of the two devices, and then a new synchronization event
   happens.  Here are the vCards that are communicated to each other:


























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     BEGIN:VCARD
     VERSION:4.0
     UID:urn:uuid:4fbe8971-0bc3-424c-9c26-36c3e1eff6b1
     FN;PID=1.1:J. Doe
     N:Doe;J.;;
     EMAIL;PID=1.1:jdoe@example.com
     EMAIL;PID=2.1:boss@example.com
     TEL;PID=1.1:tel:+1-555-555-5555
     TEL;PID=2.1:tel:+1-666-666-6666
     CLIENTPIDMAP:1;urn:uuid:53e374d9-337e-4727-8803-a1e9c14e0556
     END:VCARD

     BEGIN:VCARD
     VERSION:4.0
     UID:urn:uuid:4fbe8971-0bc3-424c-9c26-36c3e1eff6b1
     FN;PID=1.1:J. Doe
     N:Doe;J.;;
     EMAIL;PID=1.1:jdoe@example.com
     EMAIL;PID=2.2:ceo@example.com
     TEL;PID=1.1:tel:+1-555-555-5555
     TEL;PID=2.2:tel:+1-666-666-6666
     CLIENTPIDMAP:1;urn:uuid:53e374d9-337e-4727-8803-a1e9c14e0556
     CLIENTPIDMAP:2;urn:uuid:1f762d2b-03c4-4a83-9a03-75ff658a6eee
     END:VCARD

   On the first device, the same PID source identifier (1) is reused for
   the new EMAIL and TEL properties.  On the second device, a new source
   identifier (2) is generated, and a corresponding CLIENTPIDMAP
   property is created.  It contains the second device's identifier,
   "urn:uuid:1f762d2b-03c4-4a83-9a03-75ff658a6eee".

   The new EMAIL properties are unmatched on both sides since the PID
   global value is new in both cases.  The sync thus results in a copy
   on both sides.

   Although the situation appears to be the same for the TEL properties,
   in this case the synchronization engine is particularly smart and
   matches the two new TEL properties even though their PID global
   values are different.  Note that in this case, the rules of section
   Section 7.1.2 state that two properties MAY be matched at the
   discretion of the synchronization engine.  Therefore, the two
   properties are merged.

   All this results in the following vCard which is stored on both
   devices:






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     BEGIN:VCARD
     VERSION:4.0
     UID:urn:uuid:4fbe8971-0bc3-424c-9c26-36c3e1eff6b1
     FN:J. Doe
     N:Doe;J.;;
     EMAIL;PID=1.1:jdoe@example.com
     EMAIL;PID=2.1:boss@example.com
     EMAIL;PID=2.2:ceo@example.com
     TEL;PID=1.1:tel:+1-555-555-5555
     TEL;PID=2.1,2.2:tel:+1-666-666-6666
     CLIENTPIDMAP:1;urn:uuid:53e374d9-337e-4727-8803-a1e9c14e0556
     CLIENTPIDMAP:2;urn:uuid:1f762d2b-03c4-4a83-9a03-75ff658a6eee
     END:VCARD

7.2.5.  Global Context Simplification

   The two devices finish their synchronization procedure by simplifying
   their global contexts.  Since they haven't talked to any other
   device, the following vCard is for all purposes equivalent to the
   above.  It is also shorter.

     BEGIN:VCARD
     VERSION:4.0
     UID:urn:uuid:4fbe8971-0bc3-424c-9c26-36c3e1eff6b1
     FN:J. Doe
     N:Doe;J.;;
     EMAIL;PID=1.1:jdoe@example.com
     EMAIL;PID=2.1:boss@example.com
     EMAIL;PID=3.1:ceo@example.com
     TEL;PID=1.1:tel:+1-555-555-5555
     TEL;PID=2.1:tel:+1-666-666-6666
     CLIENTPIDMAP:1;urn:uuid:53e374d9-337e-4727-8803-a1e9c14e0556
     END:VCARD

   The details of global context simplification are unspecified by this
   document.  They are left up to the synchronization engine.  This
   example is merely intended to illustrate the possibility, which
   investigating would be, in the authors' opinion, worthwhile.













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8.  Example: Authors' vCards

    BEGIN:VCARD
    VERSION:4.0
    FN:Simon Perreault
    N:Perreault;Simon;;ing. jr,M.Sc.
    BDAY:--0203
    ANNIVERSARY:20090808T1430-0500
    SEX:1
    LANG;PREF=1:fr
    LANG;PREF=2:en
    ORG;TYPE=work:Viagenie
    ADR;TYPE=work:;Suite D2-630;2875 Laurier;
     Quebec;QC;G1V 2M2;Canada
    TEL;TYPE=work,voice;PREF=1:tel:+1-418-656-9254;ext=102
    TEL;TYPE=work,cell,voice,video,text:tel:+1-418-262-6501
    TEL;TYPE=work,fax:tel:+1-418-656-9257
    EMAIL;TYPE=work:simon.perreault@viagenie.ca
    GEO;TYPE=work:geo:46.772673,-71.282945
    KEY;TYPE=work;VALUE=uri:
     http://www.viagenie.ca/simon.perreault/simon.asc
    TZ:-0500
    CLASS:PUBLIC
    END:VCARD


    BEGIN:VCARD
    VERSION:4.0
    FN:Pete Resnick
    N:Resnick;Pete;;
    SEX:1
    ORG;TYPE=work:QUALCOMM Incorporated
    ADR;TYPE=work:;;5775 Morehouse Drive;San Diego;CA;92121-1714;US
    TEL;TYPE=work,voice:tel:+1-858-651-4478
    EMAIL;TYPE=work:presnick@qualcomm.com
    URL;TYPE=work:http://www.qualcomm.com/~presnick/
    END:VCARD

9.  Security Considerations

   o  Internet mail is often used to transport vCards and is subject to
      many well known security attacks, including monitoring, replay,
      and forgery.  Care should be taken by any directory service in
      allowing information to leave the scope of the service itself,
      where any access controls can no longer be guaranteed.
      Applications should also take care to display directory data in a
      "safe" environment (e.g., PostScript-valued types).




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   o  vCards can carry cryptographic keys or certificates, as described
      in Section 6.8.2.

   o  Section 6.8.1 specifies a desired security classification policy
      for a particular vCard.  That policy is not enforced in any way.

   o  The vCard objects have no inherent authentication or privacy, but
      can easily be carried by any security mechanism that transfers
      MIME objects with authentication or privacy.  In cases where the
      threat of "spoofed" vCard information is a concern, the vCard
      SHOULD BE transported using one of these secure mechanisms.

   o  The information in a vCard may become out of date.  In cases where
      the vitality of data is important to an originator of a vCard, the
      SOURCE property (Section 6.1.3) SHOULD be specified.  In addition,
      the "REV" type described in section Section 6.7.4 can be specified
      to indicate the last time that the vCard data was updated.

10.  IANA Considerations

10.1.  MIME Type Registration

   To:  ietf-types@iana.org

   Subject:  Registration of media type text/vcard

   Type name:  text

   Subtype name:  vcard

   Required parameters:  none

   Optional parameters:  version

      The "version" parameter is to be interpreted identically as the
      VERSION vCard property.  If this parameter is present, all vCards
      in a text/vcard body part MUST have a VERSION property with value
      identical to that of this MIME parameter.

      "charset": as defined for text/plain [RFC2046]; encodings other
      than UTF-8 [RFC3629] MUST NOT be used.

   Encoding considerations:  None.

   Security considerations:  See Section 9.






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   Interoperability considerations:  The text/vcard media type is
      intended to identify vCard data of any version.  There are older
      specifications of vCard [RFC2426][oldreference_VCARD] still in
      common use.  While these formats are similar, they are not
      strictly compatible.  In general, it is necessary to inspect the
      value of the VERSION property (see Section 6.7.9) for identifying
      the standard to which a given vCard object conforms.

      In addition, the following media types are known to have been used
      to refer to vCard data.  They should be considered deprecated in
      favor of text/vcard.

      *  text/directory

      *  text/directory; profile=vcard

      *  text/x-vcard

   Published specification:  draft-ietf-vcarddav-vcardrev-14

   Applications that use this media type:  They are numerous, diverse,
      and include mail user agents, instant messaging clients, address
      book applications, directory servers, customer relationship
      management software.

   Additional information:

      Magic number(s):

      File extension(s):  .vcf

      Macintosh file type code(s):

   Person & email address to contact for further information:  Simon
      Perreault <simon.perreault@viagenie.ca>

   Intended usage:  COMMON

   Restrictions on usage:  none

   Author:  Simon Perreault and Pete Resnick

   Change controller:  IETF








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10.2.  Registering New vCard Elements

   This section defines the process for registering new or modified
   vCard elements (i.e. properties, parameters, value data types, and
   values) with IANA.

10.2.1.  Registration Procedure

   The IETF will create a mailing list, vcard@ietf.org [1], which can be
   used for public discussion of vCard element proposals prior to
   registration.  Use of the mailing list is strongly encouraged.  The
   IESG will appoint a designated expert who will monitor the
   vcard@ietf.org [1] mailing list and review registrations.

   Registration of new vCard elements MUST be reviewed by the designated
   expert and published in an RFC.  A Standard Tracks RFC is REQUIRED
   for the registration of new value data types that modify existing
   properties.  A Standard Tracks RFC is also REQUIRED for registration
   of vCard elements that modify vCard elements previously documented in
   a Standard Tracks RFC.

   The registration procedure begins when a completed registration
   template, defined in the sections below, is sent to
   vcard@ietf.org [1] and iana@iana.org [2].  The designated expert is
   expected to tell IANA and the submitter of the registration within
   two weeks whether the registration is approved, approved with minor
   changes, or rejected with cause.  When a registration is rejected
   with cause, it can be re-submitted if the concerns listed in the
   cause are addressed.  Decisions made by the designated expert can be
   appealed to the IESG Applications Area Director, then to the IESG.
   They follow the normal appeals procedure for IESG decisions.

   Once the registration procedure concludes successfully, IANA creates
   or modifies the corresponding record in the vCard registry.  The
   completed registration template is discarded.

10.2.2.  Vendor Namespace

   The vendor namespace is used for vCard elements associated with
   commercially available products.  "Vendor" or "producer" are
   construed as equivalent and very broadly in this context.

   A registration may be placed in the vendor namespace by anyone who
   needs to interchange files associated with the particular product.
   However, the registration formally belongs to the vendor or
   organization handling the vCard elements in the namespace being
   registered.  Changes to the specification will be made at their
   request, as discussed in subsequent sections.



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   vCard elements belonging to the vendor namespace will be
   distinguished by the "VND-" prefix.  This is followed by an IANA-
   registered Private Enterprise Number (PEN), a dash, and a vCard
   element designation of the vendor's choosing (e.g., "VND-123456-
   MUDPIE").

   While public exposure and review of vCard elements to be registered
   in the vendor namespace is not required, using the vcard@ietf.org [1]
   mailing list for review is strongly encouraged to improve the quality
   of those specifications.  Registrations in the vendor namespace may
   be submitted directly to the IANA.

10.2.3.  Registration Template for Properties

   A property is defined by completing the following template.

   Namespace:  Empty for the global namespace, "VND-NNNN-" for a vendor-
      specific property (where NNNN is replaced by the vendor's PEN).

   Property name:  The name of the property.

   Purpose:  The purpose of the property.  Give a short but clear
      description.

   Value type:  Any of the valid value types for the property value
      needs to be specified.  The default value type also needs to be
      specified.

   Cardinality:  See Section 6.

   Property parameters:  Any of the valid property parameters for the
      property MUST be specified.

   Description:  Any special notes about the property, how it is to be
      used, etc.

   Format definition:  The ABNF for the property definition needs to be
      specified.

   Example(s):  One or more examples of instances of the property needs
      to be specified.

10.2.4.  Registration Template for Parameters

   A parameter is defined by completing the following template.






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   Namespace:  Empty for the global namespace, "VND-NNNN-" for a vendor-
      specific property (where NNNN is replaced by the vendor's PEN).

   Parameter name:  The name of the parameter.

   Purpose:  The purpose of the parameter.  Give a short but clear
      description.

   Description:  Any special notes about the parameter, how it is to be
      used, etc.

   Format definition:  The ABNF for the parameter definition needs to be
      specified.

   Example(s):  One or more examples of instances of the parameter needs
      to be specified.

10.2.5.  Registration Template for Value Data Types

   A value data type is defined by completing the following template.

   Value name:  The name of the value type.

   Purpose:  The purpose of the value type.  Give a short but clear
      description.

   Description:  Any special notes about the value type, how it is to be
      used, etc.

   Format definition:  The ABNF for the value type definition needs to
      be specified.

   Example(s):  One or more examples of instances of the value type
      needs to be specified.

10.2.6.  Registration Template for Values

   A value is defined by completing the following template.

   Value:  The value literal.

   Purpose:  The purpose of the value.  Give a short but clear
      description.

   Conformance:  The vCard properties and/or parameters that can take
      this value needs to be specified.





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   Example(s):  One or more examples of instances of the value needs to
      be specified.

   The following is a fictitious example of a registration of a vCard
   value:

   Value:  NOINDEX

   Purpose:  This value is used to warn other services not to "crawl"
      this vCard for searching.

   Conformance:  This value can be used with the "CLASS" property.

   Example(s):  The following is an example of this value used with the
      "CLASS" property:


     CLASS:NOINDEX

10.3.  Initial vCard Elements Registries

   The IANA is requested to create and maintain the following registries
   for vCard elements with pointers to appropriate reference documents.

10.3.1.  Properties Registry

   The following table is to be used to initialize the properties
   registry.























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     +-----------+--------------+---------+-------------------------+
     | Namespace | Property     | Status  | Reference               |
     +-----------+--------------+---------+-------------------------+
     |           | SOURCE       | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.1.3  |
     |           | KIND         | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.1.4  |
     |           | XML          | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.1.5  |
     |           | FN           | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.2.1  |
     |           | N            | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.2.2  |
     |           | NICKNAME     | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.2.3  |
     |           | PHOTO        | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.2.4  |
     |           | BDAY         | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.2.5  |
     |           | DDAY         | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.2.6  |
     |           | BIRTH        | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.2.7  |
     |           | DEATH        | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.2.8  |
     |           | ANNIVERSARY  | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.2.9  |
     |           | SEX          | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.2.10 |
     |           | ADR          | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.3.1  |
     |           | LABEL        | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.3.2  |
     |           | TEL          | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.4.1  |
     |           | EMAIL        | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.4.2  |
     |           | IMPP         | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.4.3  |
     |           | LANG         | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.4.4  |
     |           | TZ           | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.5.1  |
     |           | GEO          | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.5.2  |
     |           | TITLE        | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.6.1  |
     |           | ROLE         | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.6.2  |
     |           | LOGO         | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.6.3  |
     |           | ORG          | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.6.4  |
     |           | MEMBER       | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.6.5  |
     |           | RELATED      | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.6.6  |
     |           | CATEGORIES   | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.7.1  |
     |           | NOTE         | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.7.2  |
     |           | PRODID       | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.7.3  |
     |           | REV          | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.7.4  |
     |           | SOUND        | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.7.5  |
     |           | UID          | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.7.6  |
     |           | CLIENTPIDMAP | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.7.7  |
     |           | URL          | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.7.8  |
     |           | VERSION      | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.7.9  |
     |           | CLASS        | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.8.1  |
     |           | KEY          | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.8.2  |
     |           | FBURL        | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.9.1  |
     |           | CALADRURI    | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.9.2  |
     |           | CALURI       | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.9.3  |
     +-----------+--------------+---------+-------------------------+






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10.3.2.  Parameters Registry

   The following table is to be used to initialize the parameters
   registry.

        +-----------+-----------+---------+-----------------------+
        | Namespace | Parameter | Status  | Reference             |
        +-----------+-----------+---------+-----------------------+
        |           | LANGUAGE  | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 5.1  |
        |           | ENCODING  | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 5.2  |
        |           | VALUE     | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 5.3  |
        |           | PREF      | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 5.4  |
        |           | ALTID     | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 5.5  |
        |           | PID       | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 5.6  |
        |           | TYPE      | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 5.7  |
        |           | CALSCALE  | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 5.8  |
        |           | SORT-AS   | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 5.9  |
        |           | GEO       | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 5.10 |
        |           | TZ        | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 5.11 |
        |           | VERSION   | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 5.12 |
        |           | FMTTYPE   | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 5.13 |
        +-----------+-----------+---------+-----------------------+

10.3.3.  Value Data Types Registry

   The following table is to be used to initialize the parameters
   registry.

          +------------------+---------+------------------------+
          | Value Data Type  | Status  | Reference              |
          +------------------+---------+------------------------+
          | BINARY           | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 4.7   |
          | BOOLEAN          | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 4.4   |
          | DATE             | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 4.3.1 |
          | TIME             | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 4.3.2 |
          | DATE-TIME        | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 4.3.3 |
          | DATE-AND-OR-TIME | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 4.3.4 |
          | TIMESTAMP        | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 4.3.5 |
          | FLOAT            | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 4.6   |
          | INTEGER          | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 4.5   |
          | TEXT             | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 4.1   |
          | URI              | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 4.2   |
          | LANGUAGE-TAG     | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 4.8   |
          +------------------+---------+------------------------+







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10.3.4.  Values Registries

   Separate tables will be used for property and parameter values.

   The following table is to be used to initialize the property values
   registry.

      +----------+--------------+---------+------------------------+
      | Property | Value        | Status  | Reference              |
      +----------+--------------+---------+------------------------+
      | BEGIN    | VCARD        | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.1.1 |
      | END      | VCARD        | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.1.2 |
      | KIND     | individual   | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.1.4 |
      | KIND     | group        | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.1.4 |
      | KIND     | org          | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.1.4 |
      | KIND     | location     | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.1.4 |
      | KIND     | thing        | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.1.4 |
      | CLASS    | PUBLIC       | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.8.1 |
      | CLASS    | PRIVATE      | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.8.1 |
      | CLASS    | CONFIDENTIAL | Current | RFCXXXX, Section 6.8.1 |
      +----------+--------------+---------+------------------------+

   The following table is to be used to initialize the parameter values
   registry.



























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   +----------------+-----------+------------+---------+---------------+
   | Property       | Parameter | Value      | Status  | Reference     |
   +----------------+-----------+------------+---------+---------------+
   | FN, NICKNAME,  | TYPE      | work       | Current | RFCXXXX,      |
   | PHOTO, ADR,    |           |            |         | Section 5.7   |
   | LABEL, TEL,    |           |            |         |               |
   | EMAIL, IMPP,   |           |            |         |               |
   | LANG, TZ, GEO, |           |            |         |               |
   | TITLE, ROLE,   |           |            |         |               |
   | LOGO, ORG,     |           |            |         |               |
   | RELATED,       |           |            |         |               |
   | CATEGORIES,    |           |            |         |               |
   | NOTE, SOUND,   |           |            |         |               |
   | URL, KEY,      |           |            |         |               |
   | FBURL,         |           |            |         |               |
   | CALADRURI, and |           |            |         |               |
   | CALURI         |           |            |         |               |
   | FN, NICKNAME,  | TYPE      | home       | Current | RFCXXXX,      |
   | PHOTO, ADR,    |           |            |         | Section 5.7   |
   | LABEL, TEL,    |           |            |         |               |
   | EMAIL, IMPP,   |           |            |         |               |
   | LANG, TZ, GEO, |           |            |         |               |
   | TITLE, ROLE,   |           |            |         |               |
   | LOGO, ORG,     |           |            |         |               |
   | RELATED,       |           |            |         |               |
   | CATEGORIES,    |           |            |         |               |
   | NOTE, SOUND,   |           |            |         |               |
   | URL, KEY,      |           |            |         |               |
   | FBURL,         |           |            |         |               |
   | CALADRURI, and |           |            |         |               |
   | CALURI         |           |            |         |               |
   | TEL            | TYPE      | text       | Current | RFCXXXX,      |
   |                |           |            |         | Section 6.4.1 |
   | TEL            | TYPE      | voice      | Current | RFCXXXX,      |
   |                |           |            |         | Section 6.4.1 |
   | TEL            | TYPE      | fax        | Current | RFCXXXX,      |
   |                |           |            |         | Section 6.4.1 |
   | TEL            | TYPE      | cell       | Current | RFCXXXX,      |
   |                |           |            |         | Section 6.4.1 |
   | TEL            | TYPE      | video      | Current | RFCXXXX,      |
   |                |           |            |         | Section 6.4.1 |
   | TEL            | TYPE      | pager      | Current | RFCXXXX,      |
   |                |           |            |         | Section 6.4.1 |
   | RELATED        | TYPE      | parent     | Current | RFCXXXX,      |
   |                |           |            |         | Section 6.6.6 |
   | RELATED        | TYPE      | child      | Current | RFCXXXX,      |
   |                |           |            |         | Section 6.6.6 |




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   | RELATED        | TYPE      | sibling    | Current | RFCXXXX,      |
   |                |           |            |         | Section 6.6.6 |
   | RELATED        | TYPE      | spouse     | Current | RFCXXXX,      |
   |                |           |            |         | Section 6.6.6 |
   | RELATED        | TYPE      | family     | Current | RFCXXXX,      |
   |                |           |            |         | Section 6.6.6 |
   | RELATED        | TYPE      | friend     | Current | RFCXXXX,      |
   |                |           |            |         | Section 6.6.6 |
   | RELATED        | TYPE      | supervisor | Current | RFCXXXX,      |
   |                |           |            |         | Section 6.6.6 |
   | RELATED        | TYPE      | supervisee | Current | RFCXXXX,      |
   |                |           |            |         | Section 6.6.6 |
   | RELATED        | TYPE      | assistant  | Current | RFCXXXX,      |
   |                |           |            |         | Section 6.6.6 |
   | RELATED        | TYPE      | colleague  | Current | RFCXXXX,      |
   |                |           |            |         | Section 6.6.6 |
   | RELATED        | TYPE      | agent      | Current | RFCXXXX,      |
   |                |           |            |         | Section 6.6.6 |
   | RELATED        | TYPE      | emergency  | Current | RFCXXXX,      |
   |                |           |            |         | Section 6.6.6 |
   | BDAY           | CALSCALE  | gregorian  | Current | RFCXXXX,      |
   |                |           |            |         | Section 6.2.5 |
   | DDAY           | CALSCALE  | gregorian  | Current | RFCXXXX,      |
   |                |           |            |         | Section 6.2.6 |
   | ANNIVERSARY    | CALSCALE  | gregorian  | Current | RFCXXXX,      |
   |                |           |            |         | Section 6.2.9 |
   +----------------+-----------+------------+---------+---------------+

11.  Acknowledgements

   The authors would like to thank Tim Howes, Mark Smith, and Frank
   Dawson, the original authors of [RFC2425] and [RFC2426], as well as
   the following individuals who have participated in the drafting,
   review and discussion of this memo:

   Aki Niemi, Andy Mabbett, Alexander Mayrhofer, Alexey Melnikov, Anil
   Srivastava, Barry Leiba, Ben Fortuna, Bernard Desruisseaux, Bernie
   Hoeneisen, Bjoern Hoehrmann, Caleb Richarson, Chris Bryant, Chris
   Newman, Cyrus Daboo, Daisuke Miyakawa, Dan Brickley, Dan Mosedale,
   Dany Cauchie, Darryl Champagne, Dave Thewlis, Filip Navara, Florian
   Zeitz, Helge Hess, Jari Urpalainen, Javier Godoy, Jean-Luc Schellens,
   Joe Hildebrand, Jose Luis Gayosso, Joseph Smarr, Julian Reschke,
   Kepeng Li, Kevin Marks, Kevin Wu Won, Kurt Zeilenga.  Lisa Dusseault,
   Marc Blanchet, Mark Paterson, Markus Lorenz, Michael Haardt, Mike
   Douglass, Nick Levinson, Peter K. Sheerin, Peter Mogensen, Peter
   Saint-Andre, Renato Iannella, Rohit Khare, Sly Gryphon, Stephane
   Bortzmeyer, Tantek Celik, and Zoltan Ordogh.




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12.  References

12.1.  Normative References

   [CCITT.E163.1988]             International Telephone and Telegraph
                                 Consultative Committee, "Numbering Plan
                                 for the International Telephone
                                 Service", CCITT Recommendation E.163,
                                 1988.

   [CCITT.X121.1988]             International Telephone and Telegraph
                                 Consultative Committee, "International
                                 Numbering Plan for the Public Data
                                 Networks", CCITT Recommendation X.121,
                                 1988.

   [CCITT.X520.1988]             International International Telephone
                                 and Telegraph Consultative Committee,
                                 "Information Technology - Open Systems
                                 Interconnection - The Directory:
                                 Selected Attribute Types",
                                 CCITT Recommendation X.520,
                                 November 1988.

   [CCITT.X521.1988]             International International Telephone
                                 and Telegraph Consultative Committee,
                                 "Information Technology - Open Systems
                                 Interconnection - The Directory:
                                 Selected Object Classes",
                                 CCITT Recommendation X.521,
                                 November 1988.

   [I-D.ietf-vcarddav-vcardxml]  Perreault, S., "vCard XML
                                 Representation",
                                 draft-ietf-vcarddav-vcardxml-05 (work
                                 in progress), August 2010.

   [ISO.5218.2004]               International Organization for
                                 Standardization, "Information
                                 Technology - Codes for the
                                 representation of human sexes",
                                 ISO Standard 5218, December 2004.

   [ISO.8601.2000]               International Organization for
                                 Standardization, "Data elements and
                                 interchange formats - Information
                                 interchange - Representation of dates
                                 and times", ISO Standard 8601,



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                                 December 2000.

   [ISO.8601.2004]               International Organization for
                                 Standardization, "Data elements and
                                 interchange formats - Information
                                 interchange - Representation of dates
                                 and times", ISO Standard 8601,
                                 December 2004.

   [RFC2046]                     Freed, N. and N. Borenstein,
                                 "Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
                                 (MIME) Part Two: Media Types",
                                 RFC 2046, November 1996.

   [RFC2047]                     Moore, K., "MIME (Multipurpose Internet
                                 Mail Extensions) Part Three: Message
                                 Header Extensions for Non-ASCII Text",
                                 RFC 2047, November 1996.

   [RFC2119]                     Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs
                                 to Indicate Requirement Levels",
                                 BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC2425]                     Howes, T., Smith, M., and F. Dawson, "A
                                 MIME Content-Type for Directory
                                 Information", RFC 2425, September 1998.

   [RFC2426]                     Dawson, F. and T. Howes, "vCard MIME
                                 Directory Profile", RFC 2426,
                                 September 1998.

   [RFC2739]                     Small, T., Hennessy, D., and F. Dawson,
                                 "Calendar Attributes for vCard and
                                 LDAP", RFC 2739, January 2000.

   [RFC3629]                     Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation
                                 format of ISO 10646", STD 63, RFC 3629,
                                 November 2003.

   [RFC3966]                     Schulzrinne, H., "The tel URI for
                                 Telephone Numbers", RFC 3966,
                                 December 2004.

   [RFC3986]                     Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L.
                                 Masinter, "Uniform Resource Identifier
                                 (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66,
                                 RFC 3986, January 2005.




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   [RFC4122]                     Leach, P., Mealling, M., and R. Salz,
                                 "A Universally Unique IDentifier (UUID)
                                 URN Namespace", RFC 4122, July 2005.

   [RFC4288]                     Freed, N. and J. Klensin, "Media Type
                                 Specifications and Registration
                                 Procedures", BCP 13, RFC 4288,
                                 December 2005.

   [RFC4770]                     Jennings, C. and J. Reschke, Ed.,
                                 "vCard Extensions for Instant Messaging
                                 (IM)", RFC 4770, January 2007.

   [RFC5234]                     Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented
                                 BNF for Syntax Specifications: ABNF",
                                 STD 68, RFC 5234, January 2008.

   [RFC5322]                     Resnick, P., Ed., "Internet Message
                                 Format", RFC 5322, October 2008.

   [RFC5646]                     Phillips, A. and M. Davis, "Tags for
                                 Identifying Languages", BCP 47,
                                 RFC 5646, September 2009.

   [RFC5870]                     Mayrhofer, A. and C. Spanring, "A
                                 Uniform Resource Identifier for
                                 Geographic Locations ('geo' URI)",
                                 RFC 5870, June 2010.

   [oldreference_VCARD]          Internet Mail Consortium, "vCard - The
                                 Electronic Business Card Version 2.1",
                                 September September.

12.2.  Informative References

   [ISO9070]                     The International Organization for
                                 Standardization, "ISO 9070, Information
                                 Processing - SGML support facilities -
                                 Registration Procedures for Public Text
                                 Owner Identifiers", April 1991.

   [RFC2616]                     Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J.,
                                 Frystyk, H., Masinter, L., Leach, P.,
                                 and T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext Transfer
                                 Protocol -- HTTP/1.1", RFC 2616,
                                 June 1999.

   [RFC3406]                     Daigle, L., van Gulik, D., Iannella,



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                                 R., and P. Faltstrom, "Uniform Resource
                                 Names (URN) Namespace Definition
                                 Mechanisms", BCP 66, RFC 3406,
                                 October 2002.

   [RFC5545]                     Desruisseaux, B., "Internet Calendaring
                                 and Scheduling Core Object
                                 Specification (iCalendar)", RFC 5545,
                                 September 2009.

   [RFC5546]                     Daboo, C., "iCalendar Transport-
                                 Independent Interoperability Protocol
                                 (iTIP)", RFC 5546, December 2009.

   [TZ-DB]                       Olson, A., "Time zone code and data",
                                 <ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/>.

URIs

   [1]  <mailto:vcard@ietf.org>

   [2]  <mailto:iana@iana.org>

Appendix A.  Differences from RFCs 2425 and 2426

   This appendix contains a list of changes that have been made in the
   vCard specification from RFCs 2425 and 2426.

A.1.  New Structure

   o  [RFC2425] and [RFC2426] have been merged.

   o  vCard is now not only a MIME type but a stand-alone format.

   o  A proper MIME type registration form has been included.

   o  UTF-8 is now the default character set.

   o  New vCard elements can be registered from IANA.

   o  Expanded text on character set.

A.2.  Removed Features

   o  The CONTEXT and CHARSET parameters are no more.

   o  The NAME and MAILER properties are no more.




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   o  The "intl", "dom", "postal", and "parcel" TYPE parameter values
      for the ADR and LABEL properties have been removed.

   o  Inline vCards (such as the value of the AGENT property) are no
      longer supported.

   o  In the N property, additional names are now subsumed into the
      given names list.

A.3.  New Properties and Parameters

   o  The KIND, SEX, LANG, DDAY, BIRTH, DEATH, XML, and CLIENTPIDMAP
      properties have been added.

   o  [RFC2739], which defines the FBURL, CALADRURI, CAPURI, and CALURI
      properties, has been merged in.

   o  [RFC4770], which defines the IMPP property, has been merged in.

   o  The "work", "home", and "uri" TYPE parameter values for the EMAIL
      property have been added.

   o  The "pref" value of the TYPE parameter is now a parameter of its
      own, with a positive integer value indicating the level of
      preference.

   o  The ALTID and PID parameters have been added.

A.4.  Other Changes

   o  Synchronization is addressed in Section 7.

   o  The N property is no longer mandatory.

   o  The value of TEL is now a URI.

   o  The AGENT property was replaced with a type of RELATED.

   o  Date and time values now only support the basic format.
      Truncation is now supported.

Appendix B.  Change Log (to be removed by RFC Editor prior to
             publication)

B.1.  Changes in -14






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   o  DQUOTE is US-ASCII decimal 34, not 22.

   o  Removed unused reference to RFC 2046.

   o  Updated reference to draft-ietf-vcarddav-vcardxml.

   o  Small fixes to the IANA registration text.

   o  Added notes on the usage of TEL and IMPP properties.

   o  Clarified "country name" component of ADR property.

   o  Removed usage of undefined type value "msg" in TEL example.

   o  Fixed parameter value quoting rules and ABNF.

   o  Added example to LANGUAGE property.

   o  Fixed synchronization example regarding the cardinality of FN.

   o  Added implementation note for float value type.

   o  Removed advice for always including VALUE parameter.

   o  FMTTYPE MUST include the full MIME type.

   o  Made ADR's ABNF more verbose.

   o  Organized TEL TYPE values in a table.

   o  Replaced TOP-SECRET example with NOINDEX.

B.2.  Changes in -13

   o  Changed global ABNF to make explicit that VERSION comes first.

   o  Reworked example for LANGUAGE property.

   o  s/TYPE/FMTTYPE/ in two examples.

   o  Allow LANGUAGE parameter for text-valued BDAY, DDAY, and RELATED.

   o  Tightened language on LANGUAGE parameter regarding cardinality.

   o  Removed the NAME property.

   o  Adjusted semi-colon escaping rules.




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   o  Added the ALTID parameter.

B.3.  Changes in -12

   o  Fixed example of LANGUAGE cardinality.

   o  Added note about YYYY-MM date format.

   o  Fixed appendix A.

   o  VERSION property must come first.

   o  Fixed mistake in PID example.

   o  Removed two changes from Appendix A which were probably intended
      to go into this change log section.

   o  Explicitly state that the value for the BEGIN and END properties
      is case-insensitive.

   o  Removed the SORT-STRING property.  Created the SORT-AS parameter.

   o  "T" and "Z" in dates and times are now mandatory uppercase.

   o  Added the "version" MIME parameter.

   o  More consistent capitalization.

   o  Added missing "ANNIVERSARY" in name production rule.

   o  Added missing calscale-param in param production rule.

   o  Moved definition of GEO and TZ parameters to section 5.

   o  Simplified discussion of encoding.

   o  Removed restriction for "work" and "home" values of TYPE parameter
      w.r.t. the KIND property.

   o  XML value may now be binary.

   o  Created VERSION parameter for XML.

   o  BIRTH and DEATH can now have URI values.

   o  Created the FMTTYPE parameter.





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   o  KEY can now take a text value.

   o  Added references to RFC 5545 (iCalendar).

   o  Added namespace column in parameters registry.

B.4.  Changes in -11

   o  Change "XML chunk" to "XML fragment".

   o  Cite W3C document containing definition of "fragment".

   o  Added "XML" to property name ABNF.

   o  Clarified newline escaping rule.

   o  Replaced one remaining "type" with "property".

   o  Removed case insensitivity of parameter values.

   o  XML property can now only contain one element that is not in the
      vCard 4 namespace.

   o  Clarified interrelationship between LANGUAGE, cardinality, and
      PID.

   o  Added "textphone" TEL type.

   o  Fixed quoting of comma in ORG examples.

B.5.  Changes in -10

   o  Added component in SORT-STRING for sorting by given name.  Fixed
      and expanded the examples.

   o  Fixed KIND-value ABNF.

   o  Fixed deprecated media type.

   o  Created the CALSCALE parameter.

   o  Strenghtened the stance on character set.

   o  Defined the Language-Tag ABNF.

   o  Made explicit the fact that IANA does not register templates.





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   o  Created the XML property.

   o  Added social networking examples to URL property.

B.6.  Changes in -09

   o  Removed special meaning for groups.  Removed the "work" and "home"
      groups.  Removed the group registry.  Re-introduced the "work" and
      "home" TYPE parameter values.  Applied the TYPE parameter to
      properties which supported the "work" and "home" groups.

   o  Vendor namespace now uses private enterprise number in prefix.

   o  Added "thing" value for KIND property.

B.7.  Changes in -08

   o  Allow 1985 (year only) in date ABNF.

   o  Fixed missing country in ADR example.

   o  Added the DATE-AND-OR-TIME value.

   o  Made BDAY and DDAY use DATE-AND-OR-TIME.

   o  Prefixed "param" and "value" production rules specific to
      properties with the property name.

   o  Replaced the GENDER property with the SEX property.

   o  Added the ANNIVERSARY property.

   o  Added the "friend" and "spouse" types of RELATED.

   o  TZ property now has text / uri value.

   o  Refined the definitions of TITLE and ROLE.

B.8.  Changes in -07

   o  PREF is now bounded. 100 is the maximum value.

   o  Added the "emergency" RELATED type.

   o  Made GEO a URI.

   o  Added GEO and TZ parameters to ADR.




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   o  Changed wording of "default" use of SOUND property.

   o  Completely reworked the date, time, and date-time grammars.

   o  Added the timestamp value type.

   o  REV now has the timestamp value type.

   o  Rewrote ABNF.

   o  ORG can now have a single level.

B.9.  Changes in -06

   o  Corrected omission of resetability to text value for RELATED.

   o  Let KEY value type be reset to a URI value.

   o  ABNF fixes.

   o  Made gender values extensible.

   o  Gave the PREF parameter a positive integer value.

   o  Removed usage of the undefined "word" ABNF production rule.

   o  Defined property cardinalities.

   o  Defined properties allowable in WORK and HOME groups.

   o  Simplified the LANG property to use the vCard preference
      mechanism.

   o  Created the "language-tag" value type.

   o  Added PID to ABNF of SOURCE allowed parameters.

   o  Clarified escaping rules.

   o  Changed ABNF definition of non-standard X- properties.

   o  Removed TYPE parameter from EMAIL properties in examples.

   o  Created the CLIENTPIDMAP property.

   o  Changed PID value to a pair of small integers.





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   o  Completely reworked synchronization mechanisms.

   o  Created brand new synchronization example.

B.10.  Changes in -05

   o  Added multi PID value proposal.

B.11.  Changes in -04

   o  Added "location" value for KIND property.

   o  Some fixes to ABNF.

   o  Moved "pref" from being a TYPE value to a parameter in its own
      right.

   o  Removed the "work" and "home" TYPE values.

   o  Reintroduced the group construct.

   o  Assigned meaning to WORK and HOME groups.

   o  Restricted the TEL TYPE parameter value set.

   o  In N property, removed additional names, and replaced with
      multiple given names.

   o  Removed TYPE parameter from EMAIL and IMPP properties.

   o  Replaced AGENT with a type of RELATED.

   o  Use example.org domain in URL example.

   o  Created initial IANA table of values.

   o  Defined meaning of PUBLIC, PRIVATE, CONFIDENTIAL.

B.12.  Changes in -03

   o  Various changes to the synchronization mechanisms.

   o  Allowed truncated format for dated.  See issue #236.








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B.13.  Changes in -02

   o  Removed useless text in IMPP description.

   o  Added CalDAV-SCHED example to CALADRURI.

   o  Removed CAPURI property.

   o  Dashes in dates and colons in times are now mandatory.

   o  Allow for dates such as 2008 and 2008-05 and times such as 07 and
      07:54.

   o  Removed inline vCard value.

   o  Made AGENT only accept URI references instead of inline vCards.

   o  Added the MEMBER property.

   o  Renamed the UID parameter to PID.

   o  Changed the value type of the PID parameter to "a small integer."

   o  Changed the presence of UID and PID when synchronization is to be
      used from MUST to SHOULD.

   o  Added the RELATED (Section 6.6.6) property.

   o  Fixed many ABNF typos (issue #252).

   o  Changed formatting of ABNF comments to make them easier to read
      (issue #226).

B.14.  Changes in -01

   o  Merged [RFC2739] in.

   o  Converted all foobar.com, abc.com, etc. to example.com.

   o  Fixed bugs in ABNF.

   o  Made explicit that coordinates in the GEO property are expressed
      in the WGS 84 reference system.

   o  Clarified folding issues with multi-byte characters.

   o  Made the value of TEL a URI.




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   o  Added the UID parameter.

   o  Made the UID property's value type a URI.

   o  Added Section 7.

   o  Created IANA process for registering new parameters, value types,
      and properties.

   o  Created the initial IANA registries.

   o  Created vendor namespace based on text from RFC 4288.

B.15.  Changes in -00

   o  Name change because draft has been accepted as WG item.
      Otherwise, same as draft-resnick-vcarddav-vcardrev-01.

   o  Removed reference to RFC 2234.

   o  Fixed errata from
      http://www.rfc-editor.org/errata_search.php/doc/html/rfc2426.

   o  Removed passage referring to RFC 2425 profiles.

   o  Renamed Section 6.4 from "Telecommunications Adressing Properties"
      to "Communications Properties.

   o  Added Appendix A and Appendix B.

   o  Added reference to [RFC4770].

   o  Removed the group construct.

   o  Made the N property no longer mandatory.

   o  Added the KIND property.

   o  Clarified meaning of TYPE parameter value for PHOTO, LOGO, KEY,
      and SOUND.

   o  Removed the CONTEXT parameter.

   o  Removed the MAILER property.

   o  Made reference to [ISO9070] informative.





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   o  Removed "intl", "dom", "postal", and "parcel" TYPE parameter
      values for the ADR and LABEL properties.

   o  Clarified meaning of "extended address" ADR field.

   o  Mentioned [RFC3406] as another method of generating PRODID values.

   o  Updated obsolete references.

   o  Allowed BDAY and DDAY value types to be text values for fuzzy
      dates.

   o  Removed the CHARSET property.  Now the encoding is always UTF-8,
      except when overridden by the Content-Type (which is considered a
      compatibility feature).

Authors' Addresses

   Simon Perreault
   Viagenie
   2875 Laurier, suite D2-630
   Quebec, QC  G1V 2M2
   Canada

   Phone: +1 418 656 9254
   EMail: simon.perreault@viagenie.ca
   URI:   http://www.viagenie.ca


   Peter W. Resnick
   QUALCOMM Incorporated
   5775 Morehouse Drive
   San Diego, CA  92121-1714
   US

   Phone: +1 858 651 4478
   EMail: presnick@qualcomm.com
   URI:   http://www.qualcomm.com/~presnick/













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