Internet Draft                                     L. Dusseault, Xythos
Document: draft-ietf-webdav-rfc2518bis-05.txt          J. Crawford, IBM
Expires: Apr 2004


      HTTP Extensions for Distributed Authoring - WebDAV RFC2518 bis


Status of this Memo

   This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance
   with all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that
   other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-
   Drafts.
   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six
   months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents
   at any time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as
   reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
        http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt

   The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
        http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].

Abstract

   WebDAV consists of a set of methods, headers, and content-types
   ancillary to HTTP/1.1 for the management of resource properties,
   creation and management of resource collections, namespace
   manipulation, and resource locking (collision avoidance).

   RFC2518 was published in February 1998, and this draft makes minor
   revisions mostly due to interoperability experience.

Table of Contents

   1  Introduction...................................................6
   2  Notational Conventions.........................................7
   3  Terminology....................................................7
   4  Data Model for Resource Properties.............................8

                           Expires Apr 2004                          1

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   4.1  The Resource Property Model..................................8
   4.2  Existing Metadata Proposals..................................8
   4.3  Properties and HTTP Headers..................................9
   4.4  XML Usage....................................................9
   4.5  Property Values.............................................10
   4.6  Property Names..............................................11
   5  Collections of Web Resources..................................11
   5.1  HTTP URL Namespace Model....................................11
   5.2  Collection Resources........................................12
   5.3  Source Resources and Output Resources.......................13
   6  Locking.......................................................14
   6.1  Exclusive Vs. Shared Locks..................................14
   6.2  Required Support............................................15
   6.3  Lock Tokens.................................................16
   6.4  opaquelocktoken Lock Token URI Scheme.......................16
   6.5  Lock Capability Discovery...................................17
   6.6  Active Lock Discovery.......................................17
   6.7  Usage Considerations........................................17
   7  Write Lock....................................................18
   7.1  Methods Restricted by Write Locks...........................18
   7.2  Write Locks and Lock Tokens.................................18
   7.3  Write Locks and Properties..................................19
   7.4  Write Locks and Unmapped URLs...............................19
   7.5  Write Locks and Collections.................................20
   7.6  Write Locks and the If Request Header.......................21
   7.7  Write Locks and COPY/MOVE...................................22
   7.8  Refreshing Write Locks......................................23
   8  HTTP Methods for Distributed Authoring........................23
   8.1  General request and response handling.......................23
   8.1.1 Use of XML.................................................23
   8.1.2 Required Bodies in Requests................................23
   8.1.3 Use of Location header in responses........................24
   8.1.4 Required Response Headers: Date............................24
   8.1.5 ETag.......................................................24
   8.1.6 Including error response bodies............................24
   8.2  PROPFIND....................................................25
   8.2.1 Example - Retrieving Named Properties......................28
   8.2.2 Example - Retrieving Named and Dead Properties.............29
   8.2.3 Example - Using propname to Retrieve all Property Names....29
   8.2.4 PROPFIND Request Errors....................................31
   8.3  PROPPATCH...................................................31
   8.3.1 Status Codes for use with 207 (Multi-Status)...............32
   8.3.2 Example - PROPPATCH........................................32
   8.4  MKCOL Method................................................34
   8.4.1 Example - MKCOL............................................35

                           Expires Apr 2004                          2

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   8.5  GET, HEAD for Collections...................................35
   8.6  POST for Collections........................................35
   8.7  DELETE......................................................36
   8.7.1 Example - DELETE...........................................37
   8.8  PUT.........................................................37
   8.9  COPY Method.................................................38
   8.9.1 COPY for Collections.......................................39
   8.9.2 COPY and the Overwrite Header..............................40
   8.9.3 Status Codes...............................................40
   8.9.4 Example - COPY with Overwrite..............................41
   8.10  MOVE Method................................................42
   8.10.1  MOVE for Properties......................................43
   8.10.2  MOVE for Collections.....................................43
   8.10.3  MOVE and the Overwrite Header............................44
   8.10.4  Status Codes.............................................44
   8.10.5  Example - MOVE of a Non-Collection.......................45
   8.11  LOCK Method................................................46
   8.11.1  Example - Simple Lock Request............................50
   8.11.2  Example - Refreshing a Write Lock........................51
   8.11.3  Example - Multi-Resource Lock Request....................52
   8.12  UNLOCK Method..............................................54
   8.12.1  Example - UNLOCK.........................................54
   9  HTTP Headers for Distributed Authoring........................55
   9.1  DAV Header..................................................55
   9.2  Depth Header................................................56
   9.3  Destination Header..........................................57
   9.4  Force-Authentication Header.................................57
   9.5  If Header...................................................58
   9.5.1 No-tag-list Production.....................................58
   9.5.2 Example - No-tag-list If Header............................59
   9.5.3 Tagged-list Production.....................................59
   9.5.4 Example - Tagged List If header............................59
   9.5.5 Not Production.............................................60
   9.5.6 Matching Function..........................................60
   9.5.7 If Header and Non-DAV Aware Proxies........................60
   9.6  Lock-Token Header...........................................61
   9.7  Overwrite Header............................................61
   9.8  Timeout Request Header......................................61
   10 Status Code Extensions to HTTP/1.1............................62
   10.1  102 Processing.............................................62
   10.2  207 Multi-Status...........................................63
   10.3  422 Unprocessable Entity...................................63
   10.4  423 Locked.................................................63
   10.5  424 Failed Dependency......................................63
   10.6  507 Insufficient Storage...................................63

                           Expires Apr 2004                          3

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   11 Use of HTTP Status Codes......................................63
   11.1  301 Moved Permanently......................................63
   11.2  302 Found..................................................64
   11.3  400 Bad Request............................................64
   11.4  403 Forbidden..............................................64
   11.5  409 Conflict...............................................64
   11.6  414 Request-URI Too Long...................................64
   12 Multi-Status Response.........................................64
   12.1  Responses requiring Location in Multi-Status...............65
   13 XML Element Definitions.......................................65
   13.1  activelock XML Element.....................................66
   13.2  depth XML Element..........................................66
   13.3  locktoken XML Element......................................66
   13.4  lockroot XML Element.......................................66
   13.5  timeout XML Element........................................67
   13.6  collection XML Element.....................................67
   13.7  href XML Element...........................................67
   13.8  lockentry XML Element......................................68
   13.9  lockinfo XML Element.......................................68
   13.10 lockscope XML Element......................................68
   13.11 exclusive XML Element......................................68
   13.12 shared XML Element.........................................68
   13.13 locktype XML Element.......................................69
   13.14 write XML Element..........................................69
   13.15 multistatus XML Element....................................69
   13.16 response XML Element.......................................70
   13.17 propstat XML Element.......................................70
   13.18 status XML Element.........................................70
   13.19 responsedescription XML Element............................71
   13.20 owner XML Element..........................................71
   13.21 prop XML element...........................................71
   13.22 propertyupdate XML element.................................72
   13.23 remove XML element.........................................72
   13.24 set XML element............................................72
   13.25 propfind XML Element.......................................73
   13.26 allprop XML Element........................................73
   13.27 propname XML Element.......................................73
   13.28 dead-props XML Element.....................................73
   13.29 location XML Element.......................................74
   14 DAV Properties................................................74
   14.1  creationdate Property......................................74
   14.2  displayname Property.......................................75
   14.3  getcontentlanguage Property................................75
   14.4  getcontentlength Property..................................76
   14.5  getcontenttype Property....................................76

                           Expires Apr 2004                          4

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   14.6  getetag Property...........................................77
   14.7  getlastmodified Property...................................77
   14.8  lockdiscovery Property.....................................78
   14.8.1  Example - Retrieving the lockdiscovery Property..........79
   14.9  resourcetype Property......................................80
   14.10 supportedlock Property.....................................80
   14.10.1 Example - Retrieving the supportedlock Property..........81
   15 Instructions for Processing XML in DAV........................82
   16 DAV Compliance Classes........................................82
   16.1  Class 1....................................................83
   16.2  Class 2....................................................83
   16.3  Class "bis"................................................83
   17 Internationalization Considerations...........................84
   18 Security Considerations.......................................85
   18.1  Authentication of Clients..................................85
   18.2  Denial of Service..........................................86
   18.3  Security through Obscurity.................................86
   18.4  Privacy Issues Connected to Locks..........................86
   18.5  Privacy Issues Connected to Properties.....................87
   18.6  Implications of XML External Entities......................87
   18.7  Risks Connected with Lock Tokens...........................88
   19 IANA Considerations...........................................88
   20 Intellectual Property.........................................89
   21 Acknowledgements..............................................89
   22 References....................................................91
   22.1  Normative References.......................................91
   22.2  Informational References...................................92
   23 Authors' Addresses............................................93
   24 Appendices....................................................94
   24.1  Appendix 1 - Notes on Processing XML Elements..............94
   24.1.1  Notes on Empty XML Elements..............................94
   24.1.2  Notes on Illegal XML Processing..........................94
   24.1.3  Example - XML Syntax Error...............................94
   24.1.4  Example - Unknown XML Element............................95
   24.2  Appendix 2: UUID Node Generation...........................96
   25 Full Copyright Statement......................................97











                           Expires Apr 2004                          5

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003


1  Introduction

   This document describes an extension to the HTTP/1.1 protocol that
   allows clients to perform remote web content authoring operations.
   This extension provides a coherent set of methods, headers, request
   entity body formats, and response entity body formats that provide
   operations for:

   Properties: The ability to create, remove, and query information
   about Web pages, such as their authors, creation dates, etc. Also,
   the ability to link pages of any media type to related pages.

   Collections: The ability to create sets of documents and to retrieve
   a hierarchical membership listing (like a directory listing in a
   file system).

   Locking: The ability to keep more than one person from working on a
   document at the same time. This prevents the "lost update problem",
   in which modifications are lost as first one author then another
   writes changes without merging the other author's changes.

   Namespace Operations: The ability to instruct the server to copy and
   move Web resources.

   Requirements and rationale for these operations are described in a
   companion document, "Requirements for a Distributed Authoring and
   Versioning Protocol for the World Wide Web" [RFC2291].

   This standard does not specify the versioning operations suggested
   by [RFC2291]. That work was done in a separate document, "Versioning
   Extensions to WebDAV" [RFC3253].

   The sections below provide a detailed introduction to resource
   properties (section 4), collections of resources (section 5), and
   locking operations (section 6).  These sections introduce the
   abstractions manipulated by the WebDAV-specific HTTP methods
   described in section 8. Section 9 describes the new HTTP headers
   used with WebDAV methods.

   While the status codes provided by HTTP/1.1 are sufficient to
   describe most error conditions encountered by WebDAV methods, there
   are some errors that do not fall neatly into the existing
   categories.  New status codes developed for the WebDAV methods are
   defined in section 10, and existing HTTP status codes as used in
   WebDAV are described in section 11. Since some WebDAV methods may
   operate over many resources, the Multi-Status response has been
   introduced to return status information for multiple resources.  The
   Multi-Status response is described in section 12.



                           Expires Apr 2004                          6

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   WebDAV uses XML to marshal complicated request and response
   information, as well as to express metadata. XML elements used in
   this specification are defined in section 13. Section 15 explains
   how to process XML appearing in WebDAV so that it truly is
   extensible.

   WebDAV employs the property mechanism to store information about the
   current state of the resource.  For example, when a lock is taken
   out on a resource, a lock information property describes the current
   state of the lock.

   Finishing off the specification are sections on what it means to be
   compliant with this specification (section 16), on
   internationalization support (section 17), and on security (section
   18).


2  Notational Conventions

   Since this document describes a set of extensions to the HTTP/1.1
   protocol, the augmented BNF used herein to describe protocol
   elements is exactly the same as described in section 2.1 of
   [RFC2616], including the rules about implied linear white-space.
   Since this augmented BNF uses the basic production rules provided in
   section 2.2 of [RFC2616], these rules apply to this document as
   well.

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED",  "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in
   this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119
   [RFC2119].


3  Terminology

   URI/URL - A Uniform Resource Identifier and Uniform Resource
   Locator, respectively. These terms (and the distinction between
   them) are defined in [RFC2396].

   Collection - A resource that contains a set of URLs, which identify
   and locate member resources and which meet the requirements in
   section 5 of this specification.

   Member URL - A URL which is a member of the set of URLs contained by
   a collection.

   Internal Member URL - A Member URL that is immediately relative to
   the URL of the collection (the definition of immediately relative is
   given in section 5.2).



                           Expires Apr 2004                          7

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   Property - A name/value pair that contains descriptive information
   about a resource.

   Live Property - A property whose semantics and syntax are enforced
   by the server.  For example, the live "getcontentlength" property
   has its value, the length of the entity returned by a GET request,
   automatically calculated by the server.

   Dead Property - A property whose semantics and syntax are not
   enforced by the server.  The server only records the value of a dead
   property; the client is responsible for maintaining the consistency
   of the syntax and semantics of a dead property.


4  Data Model for Resource Properties

4.1 The Resource Property Model

   Properties are pieces of data that describe the state of a resource.
   Properties are data about data.

   Properties are used in distributed authoring environments to provide
   for efficient discovery and management of resources.  For example, a
   'subject' property might allow for the indexing of all resources by
   their subject, and an 'author' property might allow for the
   discovery of what authors have written which documents.

   The DAV property model consists of name/value pairs.  The name of a
   property identifies the property's syntax and semantics, and
   provides an address by which to refer to its syntax and semantics.

   There are two categories of properties: "live" and "dead".  A live
   property has its syntax and semantics enforced by the server. Live
   properties include cases where a) the value of a property is read-
   only, maintained by the server, and b) the value of the property is
   maintained by the client, but the server performs syntax checking on
   submitted values. All instances of a given live property MUST comply
   with the definition associated with that property name.  A dead
   property has its syntax and semantics enforced by the client; the
   server merely records the value of the property verbatim.

4.2 Existing Metadata Proposals

   Properties have long played an essential role in the maintenance of
   large document repositories, and many current proposals contain some
   notion of a property, or discuss web metadata more generally.  These
   include PICS [REC-PICS], PICS-NG, XML, Web Collections, and several
   proposals on representing relationships within HTML. Work on PICS-NG
   and Web Collections has been subsumed by the Resource Description
   Framework (RDF) metadata activity of the World Wide Web Consortium.


                           Expires Apr 2004                          8

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   RDF consists of a network-based data model and an XML representation
   of that model.

   Some proposals come from a digital library perspective.  These
   include the Dublin Core [RFC2413] metadata set and the Warwick
   Framework [WF], a container architecture for different metadata
   schemas.  The literature includes many examples of metadata,
   including MARC [USMARC], a bibliographic metadata format, and a
   technical report bibliographic format employed by the Dienst system
   [RFC1807]. Additionally, the proceedings from the first IEEE
   Metadata conference describe many community-specific metadata sets.

   Participants of the 1996 Metadata II Workshop in Warwick, UK [WF],
   noted that "new metadata sets will develop as the networked
   infrastructure matures" and "different communities will propose,
   design, and be responsible for different types of metadata." These
   observations can be corroborated by noting that many community-
   specific sets of metadata already exist, and there is significant
   motivation for the development of new forms of metadata as many
   communities increasingly make their data available in digital form,
   requiring a metadata format to assist data location and cataloging.

4.3 Properties and HTTP Headers

   Properties already exist, in a limited sense, in HTTP message
   headers.  However, in distributed authoring environments a
   relatively large number of properties are needed to describe the
   state of a resource, and setting/returning them all through HTTP
   headers is inefficient.  Thus a mechanism is needed which allows a
   principal to identify a set of properties in which the principal is
   interested and to set or retrieve just those properties.

4.4 XML Usage

   In HTTP/1.1, method parameter information was exclusively encoded in
   HTTP headers. Unlike HTTP/1.1, WebDAV encodes method parameter
   information either in an Extensible Markup Language (XML) [REC-XML]
   request entity body, or in an HTTP header.  The use of XML to encode
   method parameters was motivated by the ability to add extra XML
   elements to existing structures, providing extensibility; and by
   XML's ability to encode information in ISO 10646 character sets,
   providing internationalization support.

   In addition to encoding method parameters, XML is used in WebDAV to
   encode the responses from methods, providing the extensibility and
   internationalization advantages of XML for method output, as well as
   input.

   The XML namespace extension is also used in this specification in
   order to allow for new XML elements to be added without fear of
   colliding with other element names. Although WebDAV request and

                           Expires Apr 2004                          9

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   response bodies can be extended by arbitrary XML elements, which can
   be ignored by the message recipient, an XML element in the "DAV:"
   namespace SHOULD NOT be used in the request or response body unless
   that XML element is explicitly defined in an IETF RFC reviewed by a
   WebDAV working group.

   Note that “DAV:” is a scheme name defined solely to provide a
   namespace for WebDAV XML elements and property names.  This practice
   is discouraged in part because registration of new scheme names is
   difficult. "DAV:" was defined as the WebDAV namespace before
   standard best practices emerged, and this namespace is kept and
   still used because of significant existing deployments, but this
   should not be emulated.

4.5 Property Values

   The value of a property is always a (well-formed) XML fragment.

   XML has been chosen because it is a flexible, self-describing,
   structured data format that supports rich schema definitions, and
   because of its support for multiple character sets.  XML's self-
   describing nature allows any property's value to be extended by
   adding new elements.  Older clients will not break when they
   encounter extensions because they will still have the data specified
   in the original schema and will ignore elements they do not
   understand.  XML's support for multiple character sets allows any
   human-readable property to be encoded and read in a character set
   familiar to the user.  XML's support for multiple human languages,
   using the "xml:lang" attribute, handles cases where the same
   character set is employed by multiple human languages. Note that
   xml:lang scope is recursive, so a xml:lang attribute on any element
   containing a property name element applies to the property value
   unless it has been overridden by a more locally scoped attribute.

   A property is always represented in XML with an XML element
   consisting of the property name. The simplest example is an empty
   property, which is different from a property that does not exist.

     <R:title xmlns:R="http://www.example.com/ns/"></R:title>

   The value of a property appears inside the property name element.
   The value may be any kind of well-formed XML content, including both
   text-only and mixed content.  When the property value contains
   further XML elements, namespaces that are in scope for that part of
   the XML document apply within the property value as well, and MUST
   be preserved in server storage for retransmission later. Namespace
   prefixes need not be preserved due to the rules of prefix
   declaration in XML.

   Attributes on the property name element may convey information about
   the property, but are not considered part of the value. However,

                           Expires Apr 2004                         10

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   when language information appears in the 'xml:lang' attribute on the
   property name element, the language information MUST be preserved in
   server storage for retransmission later.

   The XML attribute xml:space MUST NOT be used to change white space
   handling.  White space in property values is significant.

4.6 Property Names

   A property name is a universally unique identifier that is
   associated with a schema that provides information about the syntax
   and semantics of the property.

   Because a property's name is universally unique, clients can depend
   upon consistent behavior for a particular property across multiple
   resources, on the same and across different servers, so long as that
   property is "live" on the resources in question, and the
   implementation of the live property is faithful to its definition.

   The XML namespace mechanism, which is based on URIs [RFC2396], is
   used to name properties because it prevents namespace collisions and
   provides for varying degrees of administrative control.

   The property namespace is flat; that is, no hierarchy of properties
   is explicitly recognized.  Thus, if a property A and a property A/B
   exist on a resource, there is no recognition of any relationship
   between the two properties.  It is expected that a separate
   specification will eventually be produced which will address issues
   relating to hierarchical properties.

   Finally, it is not possible to define the same property twice on a
   single resource, as this would cause a collision in the resource's
   property namespace.


5  Collections of Web Resources

   This section provides a description of a new type of Web resource,
   the collection, and discusses its interactions with the HTTP URL
   namespace. The purpose of a collection resource is to model
   collection-like objects (e.g., file system directories) within a
   server's namespace.

   All DAV compliant resources MUST support the HTTP URL namespace
   model specified herein.

5.1 HTTP URL Namespace Model

   The HTTP URL namespace is a hierarchical namespace where the
   hierarchy is delimited with the "/" character.


                           Expires Apr 2004                         11

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   An HTTP URL namespace is said to be consistent if it meets the
   following conditions: for every URL in the HTTP hierarchy there
   exists a collection that contains that URL as an internal member.
   The root, or top-level collection of the namespace under
   consideration is exempt from the previous rule.

   Neither HTTP/1.1 nor WebDAV require that the entire HTTP URL
   namespace be consistent.  However, certain WebDAV methods are
   prohibited from producing results that cause namespace
   inconsistencies.

   Although implicit in [RFC2616] and [RFC2396], any resource,
   including collection resources, MAY be identified by more than one
   URI. For example, a resource could be identified by multiple HTTP
   URLs.

5.2 Collection Resources

   A collection is a resource whose state consists of at least a list
   of internal member URLs and a set of properties, but which may have
   additional state such as entity bodies returned by GET.  An internal
   member URL MUST be immediately relative to a base URL of the
   collection.  That is, the internal member URL is equal to a
   containing collection's URL plus an additional segment for non-
   collection resources, or additional segment plus trailing slash "/"
   for collection resources, where segment is defined in section 3.3 of
   [RFC2396].

   Any given internal member URL MUST only belong to the collection
   once, i.e., it is illegal to have multiple instances of the same URL
   in a collection.  Properties defined on collections behave exactly
   as do properties on non-collection resources.

   For all WebDAV compliant resources A and B, identified by URLs U and
   V, for which U is immediately relative to V, B MUST be a collection
   that has U as an internal member URL. So, if the resource with URL
   http://example.com/bar/blah is WebDAV compliant and if the resource
   with URL http://example.com/bar/ is WebDAV compliant then the
   resource with URL http://example.com/bar/ must be a collection and
   must contain URL http://example.com/bar/blah as an internal member.

   Collection resources MAY list the URLs of non-WebDAV compliant
   children in the HTTP URL namespace hierarchy as internal members but
   are not required to do so. For example, if the resource with URL
   http://example.com/bar/blah is not WebDAV compliant and the URL
   http://example.com/bar/ identifies a collection then URL
   http://example.com/bar/blah may or may not be an internal member of
   the collection with URL http://example.com/bar/.




                           Expires Apr 2004                         12

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   If a WebDAV compliant resource has no WebDAV compliant children in
   the HTTP URL namespace hierarchy then the WebDAV compliant resource
   is not required to be a collection.

   There is a standing convention that when a collection is referred to
   by its name without a trailing slash, the server MAY handle the
   request as if the trailing slash were present.  In this case it
   SHOULD return a Content-Location header in the response, pointing to
   the URL ending with the "/".  For example, if a client invokes a
   method on http://example.bar/blah (no trailing slash), the server
   may respond as if the operation were invoked on
   http://example.com/blah/ (trailing slash), and should return a
   Content-Location header with the value http://example.bar/blah/.
   Wherever a server produces a URL referring to a collection, the
   server MUST include the trailing slash. In general clients SHOULD
   use the "/" form of collection names.

   A resource MAY be a collection but not be WebDAV compliant.  That
   is, the resource may comply with all the rules set out in this
   specification regarding how a collection is to behave without
   necessarily supporting all methods that a WebDAV compliant resource
   is required to support.  In such a case the resource may return the
   DAV:resourcetype property with the value DAV:collection but MUST NOT
   return a DAV header containing the value "1" on an OPTIONS response.

   Clients MUST be able to support the case where WebDAV resources are
   contained inside non-WebDAV resources.  For example, if a OPTIONS
   response from "http://example.com/servlet/dav/collection" indicates
   WebDAV support, the client cannot assume that
   "http://example.com/servlet/dav/" or its parent necessarily are
   WebDAV collections.

5.3 Source Resources and Output Resources

   For many resources, the entity returned by a GET method exactly
   matches the persistent state of the resource, for example, a GIF
   file stored on a disk.  For this simple case, the URL at which a
   resource is accessed is identical to the URL at which the source
   (the persistent state) of the resource is accessed.  This is also
   the case for HTML source files that are not processed by the server
   prior to transmission.

   However, the server can sometimes process HTML resources before they
   are transmitted as a return entity body.  For example, a server-
   side-include directive within an HTML file might instruct a server
   to replace the directive with another value, such as the current
   date.  In this case, what is returned by GET (HTML plus date)
   differs from the persistent state of the resource (HTML plus
   directive).  Typically there is no way to access the HTML resource
   containing the unprocessed directive.


                           Expires Apr 2004                         13

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   Sometimes the entity returned by GET is the output of a data-
   producing process that is described by one or more source resources
   (that may not even have a location in the URI namespace).  A single
   data-producing process may dynamically generate the state of a
   potentially large number of output resources.  An example of this is
   a CGI script that describes a "finger" gateway process that maps
   part of the namespace of a server into finger requests, such as
   http://finger.example.com/finger_gateway/user@host.

   Although this problem would usefully be solved, interoperable WebDAV
   implementations have been widely deployed without actually solving
   this problem. Thus, the source vs. output problem is not solved in
   this specification, and has been deferred to a separate document.


6  Locking

   The ability to lock a resource provides a mechanism for serializing
   access to that resource.  Using a lock, an authoring client can
   provide a reasonable guarantee that another principal will not
   modify a resource while it is being edited.  In this way, a client
   can prevent the "lost update" problem.

   This specification allows locks to vary over two client-specified
   parameters, the number of principals involved (exclusive vs. shared)
   and the type of access to be granted. This document defines locking
   for only one access type, write. However, the syntax is extensible,
   and permits the eventual specification of locking for other access
   types.

6.1 Exclusive Vs. Shared Locks

   The most basic form of lock is an exclusive lock.  Only one
   exclusive lock may exist on any resource, whether it is directly or
   indirectly locked (see 7.5).  Exclusive locks avoid having to merge
   results, without requiring any coordination other than the methods
   described in this specification.

   However, there are times when the goal of a lock is not to exclude
   others from exercising an access right but rather to provide a
   mechanism for principals to indicate that they intend to exercise
   their access rights.  Shared locks are provided for this case.  A
   shared lock allows multiple principals to receive a lock.  Hence any
   principal with appropriate access can get the lock.

   With shared locks there are two trust sets that affect a resource.
   The first trust set is created by access permissions.  Principals
   who are trusted, for example, may have permission to write to the
   resource.  Among those who have access permission to write to the
   resource, the set of principals who have taken out a shared lock


                           Expires Apr 2004                         14

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   also must trust each other, creating a (typically) smaller trust set
   within the access permission write set.

   Starting with every possible principal on the Internet, in most
   situations the vast majority of these principals will not have write
   access to a given resource.  Of the small number who do have write
   access, some principals may decide to guarantee their edits are free
   from overwrite conflicts by using exclusive write locks.  Others may
   decide they trust their collaborators will not overwrite their work
   (the potential set of collaborators being the set of principals who
   have write permission) and use a shared lock, which informs their
   collaborators that a principal may be working on the resource.

   The WebDAV extensions to HTTP do not need to provide all of the
   communications paths necessary for principals to coordinate their
   activities.  When using shared locks, principals may use any out of
   band communication channel to coordinate their work (e.g., face-to-
   face interaction, written notes, post-it notes on the screen,
   telephone conversation, Email, etc.)  The intent of a shared lock is
   to let collaborators know who else may be working on a resource.

   Shared locks are included because experience from web distributed
   authoring systems has indicated that exclusive locks are often too
   rigid.  An exclusive lock is used to enforce a particular editing
   process: take out an exclusive lock, read the resource, perform
   edits, write the resource, release the lock.  This editing process
   has the problem that locks are not always properly released, for
   example when a program crashes, or when a lock owner leaves without
   unlocking a resource.  While both timeouts and administrative action
   can be used to remove an offending lock, neither mechanism may be
   available when needed; the timeout may be long or the administrator
   may not be available.

6.2 Required Support

   A WebDAV compliant resource is not required to support locking in
   any form.  If the resource does support locking it may choose to
   support any combination of exclusive and shared locks for any access
   types.

   The reason for this flexibility is that locking policy strikes to
   the very heart of the resource management and versioning systems
   employed by various storage repositories.  These repositories
   require control over what sort of locking will be made available.
   For example, some repositories only support shared write locks while
   others only provide support for exclusive write locks while yet
   others use no locking at all.  As each system is sufficiently
   different to merit exclusion of certain locking features, this
   specification leaves locking as the sole axis of negotiation within
   WebDAV.


                           Expires Apr 2004                         15

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

6.3 Lock Tokens

   A lock token is a type of state token, represented as a URI, which
   identifies a particular lock.  A lock token is returned in the Lock-
   Token header in the response to a successful LOCK operation. The
   lock token also appears in the value of the lockdiscovery property,
   the value of which is returned in the body of the response to a
   successful LOCK operation (this property also includes the tokens of
   other current locks on the resource).  Finally, the lockdiscovery
   property can be queried using PROPFIND and the token can be
   discovered that way. Each lock has only one unique lock token.

   Lock token URIs MUST be unique across all resources for all time.
   This uniqueness constraint allows lock tokens to be submitted across
   resources and servers without fear of confusion.

   This specification provides a lock token URI scheme called
   opaquelocktoken that meets the uniqueness requirements.  However
   resources are free to return any URI scheme so long as it meets the
   uniqueness requirements.  The IETF recommends using registered URI
   schemes to ensure uniqueness.

   Having a lock token provides no special access rights. Anyone can
   find out anyone else's lock token by performing lock discovery.
   Locks MUST be enforced based upon whatever authentication mechanism
   is used by the server, not based on the secrecy of the token values.

6.4 opaquelocktoken Lock Token URI Scheme

   The opaquelocktoken URI scheme is designed to be unique across all
   resources for all time.  Due to this uniqueness quality, a client
   may submit an opaque lock token in an If header on a resource other
   than the one that returned it.

   In order to guarantee uniqueness across all resources for all time
   the opaquelocktoken requires the use of the Universal Unique
   Identifier (UUID) mechanism, as described in [ISO-11578].

   Opaquelocktoken generators, however, have a choice of how they
   create these tokens.  They can either generate a new UUID for every
   lock token they create or they can create a single UUID  and then
   add extension characters.  If the second method is selected then the
   program generating the extensions MUST guarantee that the same
   extension will never be used twice with the associated UUID.

   OpaqueLockToken-URI = "opaquelocktoken:" UUID [Extension]  ; The
   UUID production is the string representation of a UUID, as defined
   in [ISO-11578]. Note that white space (LWS) is not allowed between
   elements of this production.


                           Expires Apr 2004                         16

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   Extension = path  ; path is defined in section 3.3 of [RFC2396]

6.5 Lock Capability Discovery

   Since server lock support is optional, a client trying to lock a
   resource on a server can either try the lock and hope for the best,
   or perform some form of discovery to determine what lock
   capabilities the server supports.  This is known as lock capability
   discovery.  A client can determine what lock types the server
   supports by retrieving the supportedlock property.

   Any DAV compliant resource that supports the LOCK method MUST
   support the supportedlock property.

6.6 Active Lock Discovery

   If another principal locks a resource that a principal wishes to
   access, it is useful for the second principal to be able to find out
   who the first principal is.  For this purpose the lockdiscovery
   property is provided.  This property lists all outstanding locks,
   describes their type, and where available, provides their lock
   token.

   Any DAV compliant resource that supports the LOCK method MUST
   support the lockdiscovery property.

6.7 Usage Considerations

   Although the locking mechanisms specified here provide some help in
   preventing lost updates, they cannot guarantee that updates will
   never be lost.  Consider the following scenario:

   Two clients A and B are interested in editing the resource
   'index.html'.  Client A is an HTTP client rather than a WebDAV
   client, and so does not know how to perform locking.

   Client A doesn't lock the document, but does a GET and begins
   editing.
   Client B does LOCK, performs a GET and begins editing.
   Client B finishes editing, performs a PUT, then an UNLOCK.
   Client A performs a PUT, overwriting and losing all of B's changes.

   There are several reasons why the WebDAV protocol itself cannot
   prevent this situation.  First, it cannot force all clients to use
   locking because it must be compatible with HTTP clients that do not
   comprehend locking.  Second, it cannot require servers to support
   locking because of the variety of repository implementations, some
   of which rely on reservations and merging rather than on locking.
   Finally, being stateless, it cannot enforce a sequence of operations
   like LOCK / GET / PUT / UNLOCK.


                           Expires Apr 2004                         17

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003


   WebDAV servers that support locking can reduce the likelihood that
   clients will accidentally overwrite each other's changes by
   requiring clients to lock resources before modifying them.  Such
   servers would effectively prevent HTTP 1.0 and HTTP 1.1 clients from
   modifying resources.

   WebDAV clients can be good citizens by using a lock / retrieve /
   write /unlock sequence of operations (at least by default) whenever
   they interact with a WebDAV server that supports locking.

   HTTP 1.1 clients can be good citizens, avoiding overwriting other
   clients' changes, by using entity tags in If-Match headers with any
   requests that would modify resources.

   Information managers may attempt to prevent overwrites by
   implementing client-side procedures requiring locking before
   modifying WebDAV resources.


7  Write Lock

   This section describes the semantics specific to the write lock
   type.  The write lock is a specific instance of a lock type, and is
   the only lock type described in this specification.

   Write locks prevent unauthorized changes to resources. In general
   terms, changes affected by write locks include changes to:
    - the content of the resource
    - any dead property of the resource
    - any live property defined to be lockable (all properties defined
   in this specification are lockable)
    - the direct membership of the resource, if it is a collection
    - the URL/location of a resource

   The next few sections describe in more specific terms how write
   locks interact with various operations.

7.1 Methods Restricted by Write Locks

   A write lock MUST prevent a principal without the lock from
   successfully executing a PUT, POST, PROPPATCH, LOCK, UNLOCK, MOVE,
   DELETE, or MKCOL on the locked resource.  All other current methods,
   GET in particular, function independently of the lock.

   Note, however, that as new methods are created it will be necessary
   to specify how they interact with a write lock.

7.2 Write Locks and Lock Tokens



                           Expires Apr 2004                         18

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   A successful request for an exclusive or shared write lock MUST
   result in the generation of a unique lock token associated with the
   requesting principal.  Thus if five principals have a shared write
   lock on the same resource there will be five lock tokens, one for
   each principal.

7.3 Write Locks and Properties

   While those without a write lock may not alter a property on a
   resource it is still possible for the values of live properties to
   change, even while locked, due to the requirements of their schemas.
   Only dead properties and live properties defined to respect locks
   are guaranteed not to change while write locked.

7.4 Write Locks and Unmapped URLs

   It is possible to lock an unmapped URL in order to lock the name for
   use.  This is a simple way to avoid the lost-update problem on the
   creation of a new resource (another way is to use If-None-Match
   header specified in HTTP 1.1).  It has the side benefit of locking
   the new resource immediately for use of the creator.

   The lost-update problem is not an issue for collections because
   MKCOL can only be used to create a collection, not to overwrite an
   existing collection.  In order to immediately lock a collection upon
   creation, clients may attempt to pipeline the MKCOL and LOCK
   requests together.

   A lock request to an unmapped URL SHOULD result in the creation of a
   resource that is locked.  A subsequent PUT request with the correct
   lock token SHOULD normally succeed, and this new request provides
   the content, content-type, content-language and other information as
   appropriate.

   In this situation, a WebDAV server that was implemented from RFC2518
   MAY create "lock-null" resources which are special and unusual
   resources.  Historically, a lock-null resource:

   -  Responds with a 404 or 405 to any DAV method except for PUT,
     MKCOL, OPTIONS, PROPFIND, LOCK, UNLOCK.
   -  Appears as a member of its parent collection.
   -  Disappears (URI becomes unmapped) if its lock goes away before it
     is converted to a regular resource.  (This must also happen if it
     is renamed or moved, or if any parent collection is renamed or
     moved, because locks are tied to URLs).
   -  May be turned into a regular resource when a PUT request to the
     URL is successful. Ceases to be a lock-null resource.
   -  May be turned into a collection when a MKCOL request to the URL
     is successful.  Ceases to be a lock-null resource

                           Expires Apr 2004                         19

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   -  Has defined values for lockdiscovery and supportedlock
     properties.

   However, interoperability and compliance problems have been found
   with lock-null resources.  Therefore, they are deprecated.  WebDAV
   servers SHOULD create regular locked empty resources, which are and
   behave in every way as normal resources.  A locked empty resource:

   -  Can be read, deleted, moved, copied, and in all ways behave as a
     regular resource, not a lock-null resource.
   -  Appears as a member of its parent collection.
   -  SHOULD NOT disappear when its lock goes away (clients must
     therefore be responsible for cleaning up their own mess, as with
     any other operation)
   -  SHOULD default to having no content type.
   -  MAY NOT have values for properties like getcontentlanguage which
     haven’t been specified yet by the client.
   -  May have content added with a PUT request.  MUST be able to
     change content type.
   -  MUST NOT be turned into a collection.  A MKCOL request must fail
     as it would to any existing resource.
   -  MUST have defined values for lockdiscovery and supportedlock
     properties.
   -  The response MUST indicate that a resource was created, by use of
     the "201 Created" response code (a LOCK request to an existing
     resource instead will result in 200 OK).  The body must still
     include the lockdiscovery property, as with a LOCK request to an
     existing resource.

   The client is expected to update the locked empty resource shortly
   after locking it, using PUT and possibly PROPPATCH.  When the client
   uses PUT to overwrite a locked empty resource the client MUST supply
   a Content-Type if any is known.  If the client supplies a Content-
   Type value the server MUST set that value (this requirement actually
   applies to any resource that is overwritten but is particularly
   necessary for locked empty resources which are initially created
   with no Content-Type.

   Clients can easily interoperate both with servers that support the
   deprecated lock-null resources and servers that support simpler
   locked empty resources by only attempting PUT after a LOCK to an
   unmapped URL, not MKCOL or GET.

7.5 Write Locks and Collections

   A write lock on a collection, whether created by a "Depth: 0" or
   "Depth: infinity" lock request, prevents the addition or removal of
   member URLs of the collection by non-lock owners.

                           Expires Apr 2004                         20

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003


   A zero-depth lock on a collection affects changes to the direct
   membership of that collection.  When a principal issues a PUT or
   POST request to create a new resource in a write locked collection,
   or issues a DELETE to remove a resource which has a URL which is an
   existing internal member URL of a write locked collection, this
   request MUST fail if the principal does not provide the correct lock
   token for the locked collection.

   In addition, a depth-infinity lock affects all write operations to
   all descendents of the locked collection.  With a depth-infinity
   lock, the root of the lock is directly locked, and all its
   descendants are indirectly locked.
    - Any new resource added as a descendent of a depth-infinity locked
   collection becomes indirectly locked.
    - Any indirectly locked resource moved out of the locked collection
   into an unlocked collection is thereafter unlocked.
    - Any indirectly locked resource moved out of a locked source
   collection into a depth-infinity locked target collection remains
   indirectly locked but is now within the scope of the lock on the
   target collection (the target collection's lock token will
   thereafter be required to make further changes).

   If a depth-infinity write LOCK request is issued to a collection
   containing member URLs identifying resources that are currently
   locked in a manner which conflicts with the write lock, the request
   MUST fail with a 423 (Locked) status code.

   If a lock owner causes the URL of a resource to be added as an
   internal member URL of a depth-infinity locked collection then the
   new resource MUST be automatically added to the lock.  This is the
   only mechanism that allows a resource to be added to a write lock.
   Thus, for example, if the collection /a/b/ is write locked and the
   resource /c is moved to /a/b/c then resource /a/b/c will be added to
   the write lock.

7.6 Write Locks and the If Request Header

   If a user agent is not required to have knowledge about a lock when
   requesting an operation on a locked resource, the following scenario
   might occur.  Program A, run by User A, takes out a write lock on a
   resource.  Program B, also run by User A, has no knowledge of the
   lock taken out by Program A, yet performs a PUT to the locked
   resource.  In this scenario, the PUT succeeds because locks are
   associated with a principal, not a program, and thus program B,
   because it is acting with principal A’s credential, is allowed to
   perform the PUT.  However, had program B known about the lock, it
   would not have overwritten the resource, preferring instead to
   present a dialog box describing the conflict to the user.  Due to
   this scenario, a mechanism is needed to prevent different programs


                           Expires Apr 2004                         21

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   from accidentally ignoring locks taken out by other programs with
   the same authorization.

   In order to prevent these collisions a lock token MUST be submitted
   by an authorized principal for all locked resources that a method
   may change or the method MUST fail.  A lock token is submitted when
   it appears in an If header.  For example, if a resource is to be
   moved and both the source and destination are locked then two lock
   tokens must be submitted in the if header, one for the source and
   the other for the destination.

Example - Write Lock

   >>Request

     COPY /~fielding/index.html HTTP/1.1
     Host: www.ics.uci.edu
     Destination: http://www.ics.uci.edu/users/f/fielding/index.html
     If: <http://www.ics.uci.edu/users/f/fielding/index.html>
         (<opaquelocktoken:f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6>)


   >>Response

     HTTP/1.1 204 No Content


   In this example, even though both the source and destination are
   locked, only one lock token must be submitted, for the lock on the
   destination.  This is because the source resource is not modified by
   a COPY, and hence unaffected by the write lock. In this example,
   user agent authentication has previously occurred via a mechanism
   outside the scope of the HTTP protocol, in the underlying transport
   layer.

7.7 Write Locks and COPY/MOVE

   A COPY method invocation MUST NOT duplicate any write locks active
   on the source.  However, as previously noted, if the COPY copies the
   resource into a collection that is locked with "Depth: infinity",
   then the resource will be added to the lock.

   A successful MOVE request on a write locked resource MUST NOT move
   the write lock with the resource. However, the resource is subject
   to being added to an existing lock at the destination, as specified
   in section 7.5. For example, if the MOVE makes the resource a child
   of a collection that is locked with "Depth: infinity", then the
   resource will be added to that collection's lock. Additionally, if a
   resource locked with "Depth: infinity" is moved to a destination

                           Expires Apr 2004                         22

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   that is within the scope of the same lock (e.g., within the
   namespace tree covered by the lock), the moved resource will again
   be a added to the lock. In both these examples, as specified in
   section 7.6, an If header must be submitted containing a lock token
   for both the source and destination.

7.8 Refreshing Write Locks

   A client MUST NOT submit the same write lock request twice.  Note
   that a client is always aware it is resubmitting the same lock
   request because it must include the lock token in the If header in
   order to make the request for a resource that is already locked.

   However, a client may submit a LOCK method with an If header but
   without a body.  This form of LOCK MUST only be used to "refresh" a
   lock.  Meaning, at minimum, that any timers associated with the lock
   MUST be re-set.

   A server may return a Timeout header with a lock refresh that is
   different than the Timeout header returned when the lock was
   originally requested.  Additionally clients may submit Timeout
   headers of arbitrary value with their lock refresh requests.
   Servers, as always, may ignore Timeout headers submitted by the
   client. Note that timeout is measured in seconds remaining until
   expiration.

   If an error is received in response to a refresh LOCK request the
   client MUST NOT assume that the lock was refreshed.

8  HTTP Methods for Distributed Authoring

8.1 General request and response handling

8.1.1   Use of XML

   Some of the following new HTTP methods use XML as a request and
   response format.  All DAV compliant clients and resources MUST use
   XML parsers that are compliant with [REC-XML] and [REC-XMLNS].  All
   XML used in either requests or responses MUST be, at minimum, well
   formed and use namespaces correctly.  If a server receives non-
   wellformed XML in a request it MUST reject the entire request with a
   400 (Bad Request).  If a client receives ill-formed XML in a
   response then it MUST NOT assume anything about the outcome of the
   executed method and SHOULD treat the server as malfunctioning.

8.1.2   Required Bodies in Requests

   Some of these new methods do not define bodies.  Servers MUST
   examine all requests for a body, even when a body was not expected.
   In cases where a request body is present but would be ignored by a
   server, the server MUST reject the request with 415 (Unsupported

                           Expires Apr 2004                         23

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   Media Type).  This informs the client (which may have been
   attempting to use an extension) that the body could not be processed
   as they intended.

8.1.3   Use of Location header in responses

   When the Location header is used in a response, it is used by the
   server to indicate the preferred address for the target resource of
   the request.  Whenever the server has a preferred address, it should
   use that address consistently.  This means that when a response
   contains a Location header, all the URLs in the response body (e.g.
   a Multi-Status) should be consistent (most importantly, should use
   the same host and port).

8.1.4   Required Response Headers: Date

   Note that HTTP 1.1 requires the Date header in all responses if
   possible.

8.1.5   ETag

   HTTP 1.1 recommends the use of the ETag header in responses to GET
   and PUT requests. Correct use of ETags is even more important in a
   distributed authoring environment, because ETags are necessary along
   with locks to avoid the lost-update problem.  A client might fail to
   renew a lock, for example when the lock times out and the client is
   accidentally offline or in the middle of a long upload.  When a
   client fails to renew the lock, it's quite possible the resource can
   still be relocked and the user can go on editing, as long as no
   changes were made in the meantime. ETags are required for the client
   to be able to distinguish this case. Otherwise, the client is forced
   to ask the user whether to overwrite the resource on the server
   without even being able to tell the user whether it has changed.
   Timestamps do not solve this problem nearly as well as ETags.

   WebDAV servers SHOULD support strong ETags for all resources that
   may be PUT.  If ETags are supported for a resource, the server MUST
   return the ETag header in all PUT and GET responses to that
   resource, as well as provide the same value for the 'getetag'
   property.

   Because clients may be forced to prompt users or throw away changed
   content if the ETag changes, a WebDAV server MUST not change the
   ETag (or getlastmodified value) for a resource that has an unchanged
   body. The ETag represents the state of the body or contents of the
   resource. There is no similar way to tell if properties have
   changed.

8.1.6   Including error response bodies



                           Expires Apr 2004                         24

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   HTTP and WebDAV did not use the bodies of most error responses for
   machine-parsable information until DeltaV introduced a mechanism to
   include more specific information in the body of an error response
   (section 1.6 of [RFC3253]). The mechanism is appropriate to use with
   any error response that may take a body but does not already have a
   body defined. The mechanism is particularly appropriate when a
   status code can mean many things (for example, 400 Bad Request can
   mean required headers are missing, headers are incorrectly
   formatted, or much more).

   This mechanism does not take the place of using a correct numeric
   error code as defined here or in HTTP, because the client MUST
   always be able to take a reasonable course of action based only on
   the numeric error.  However, it does remove the need to define new
   numeric error codes, avoiding the confusion of who is allowed to
   define such new codes. The codes used in this mechanism are XML
   elements in a namespace, so naturally any group defining a new error
   code can use their own namespace. As always, the "DAV:" namespace is
   reserved for use by IETF-chartered WebDAV working groups.

   A server supporting "bis" SHOULD include a specific XML error code
   in a "DAV:error" response body element, when a specific XML error
   code is defined in this document. The “DAV:error” element may
   contain multiple elements describing specific errors. For error
   conditions not specified in this document, the server MAY simply
   choose an appropriate numeric status and leave the response body
   blank.

     HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
     Content-Type: text/xml; charset="utf-8"
     Content-Length: xxxx

     <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
     <D:error xmlns:D="DAV:">
       <D:forbid-external-entities/>
     </D:error>

   In this specification, both the numeric and the XML error code are
   defined for some failure situations, in which case the XML error
   code must have the "DAV:" namespace, appear in the "error" root
   element, and be returned in a body with the numeric error code
   specified.

   Status codes are specified in this document with the convention of
   following the numeric error code with the XML error code. E.g.

     403/DAV:forbid-external-entities - response codes when the server
     refuses to accept external XML entities in XML request bodies.

8.2 PROPFIND


                           Expires Apr 2004                         25

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   The PROPFIND method retrieves properties defined on the resource
   identified by the Request-URI, if the resource does not have any
   internal members, or on the resource identified by the Request-URI
   and potentially its member resources, if the resource is a
   collection that has internal member URLs.  All DAV compliant
   resources MUST support the PROPFIND method and the propfind XML
   element (section 13.25) along with all XML elements defined for use
   with that element.

   A client may submit a Depth header with a value of "0", "1", or
   "infinity" with a PROPFIND on a collection resource.  Servers MUST
   support the "0", "1" and "infinity" behaviors on WebDAV-compliant
   resources. By default, the PROPFIND method without a Depth header
   MUST act as if a "Depth: infinity" header was included.

   A client may submit a propfind XML element in the body of the
   request method describing what information is being requested.  It
   is possible to request:

    - Request particular property values, by naming the properties
     desired within the 'prop' element (the ordering of properties in
     here MAY be ignored by server)
    - Request all dead property values, by using 'dead-props' element.
     This can be combined with retrieving specific live properties
     named as above.  Servers advertising support for RFC2518bis MUST
     support this feature.
    - Request property values for those properties defined in this
     specification plus dead properties, by using ‘allprop’ element
    - Request a list of names of all the properties defined on the
     resource, by using the ‘propname’ element.

   A client may choose not to submit a request body.  An empty PROPFIND
   request body MUST be treated as if it were an ‘allprop’ request.

   Note that ‘allprop’ does not return values for all live properties.
   WebDAV servers increasingly have expensively-calculated or lengthy
   properties (see [RFC3253] and [TODO: ref ACL RFC when available])
   and do not return all properties already.  Instead, WebDAV clients
   can use propname requests to discover what live properties exist,
   and request named properties when retrieving values.  A WebDAV
   server MAY omit certain live properties from other specifications
   when responding to an allprop request from an older client, and MAY
   return only custom (dead) properties and those defined in this
   specification.


   All servers MUST support returning a response of content type
   text/xml or application/xml that contains a multistatus XML element
   that describes the results of the attempts to retrieve the various

                           Expires Apr 2004                         26

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   properties.  The multistatus contains one response element for each
   resource in the scope of the request (in no required order).

   If there is an error retrieving a property then a proper error
   result MUST be included in the response.  A request to retrieve the
   value of a property which does not exist is an error and MUST be
   noted, if the response uses a multistatus XML element, with a
   response XML element which contains a 404 (Not Found) status value.

   Consequently, the multistatus XML element for a collection resource
   with member URLs MUST include a response XML element for each member
   URL of the collection, to whatever depth was requested. Each
   response XML element MUST contain an href XML element that gives the
   URL of the resource on which the properties in the prop XML element
   are defined.  URLs for collections appearing in the results MUST end
   in a slash character.  Results for a PROPFIND on a collection
   resource with internal member URLs are returned as a flat list whose
   order of entries is not significant.

   A server enumerating the members of a collection using absolute URLs
   in a PROPFIND response MUST use a common prefix in those URLs, and
   that prefix MUST be the absolute URL used in the response to refer
   to the parent collection.

   Unless otherwise notified, clients may expect that the URL for the
   parent collection in the PROPFIND response will be the same URL that
   was used to refer to the parent collection in the PROPFIND request.
   Servers MAY use an alternate URL for the parent collection in a
   PROPFIND response, but in this case the server MUST include a
   Content-Location header whose value is the fully-qualified URL used
   by the server to refer to the parent collection in this response.

   Clients expect the fully-qualified URLs of members of a collection
   to have a common prefix which is the fully-qualified URL of the
   parent collection itself.

   URLs in a PROPFIND response body MAY be represented as fully-
   qualified URLs, in which case they must all contain the full parent
   collection URL (scheme, host, port, and absolute path).
   Alternatively, these URLs MAY be absolute paths (not containing
   scheme, host or port), but in this case they must all still contain
   the full parent collection path.

   If a server allows resource names to include characters that aren’t
   legal in HTTP URL paths, these characters must be URI-escaped on the
   wire. For example, it is illegal to use a space character or double-
   quote in a URI [RFC2396].  URIs appearing in PROPFIND or PROPPATCH
   XML bodies (or other XML marshalling defined in this specification)
   are still subject to all URI rules, including forbidden characters.



                           Expires Apr 2004                         27

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   Properties may be subject to access control. In the case of allprop
   and propname, if a principal does not have the right to know whether
   a particular property exists then the property MAY be silently
   excluded from the response.

   The results of this method SHOULD NOT be cached.

8.2.1   Example - Retrieving Named Properties

   >>Request

     PROPFIND  /file HTTP/1.1
     Host: www.example.com
     Content-type: text/xml; charset="utf-8"
     Content-Length: xxxx

     <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
     <D:propfind xmlns:D="DAV:">
      <D:prop xmlns:R="http://www.example.com/boxschema/">
        <R:bigbox/>
        <R:author/>
        <R:DingALing/>
        <R:Random/>
      </D:prop>
     </D:propfind>

   >>Response

     HTTP/1.1 207 Multi-Status
     Content-Type: text/xml; charset="utf-8"
     Content-Length: xxxx

     <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
     <D:multistatus xmlns:D="DAV:">
      <D:response xmlns:R="http://www.example.com/boxschema/">
        <D:href>http://www.example.com/file</D:href>
        <D:propstat>
          <D:prop>
            <R:bigbox>
              <R:BoxType>Box type A</R:BoxType>
            </R:bigbox>
            <R:author>
              <R:Name>J.J. Johnson</R:Name>
            </R:author>
          </D:prop>
          <D:status>HTTP/1.1 200 OK</D:status>


                           Expires Apr 2004                         28

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

        </D:propstat>
        <D:propstat>
          <D:prop><R:DingALing/><R:Random/></D:prop>
          <D:status>HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden</D:status>
          <D:responsedescription> The user does not have access to the
     DingALing property.
          </D:responsedescription>
        </D:propstat>
      </D:response>
      <D:responsedescription> There has been an access violation error.
      </D:responsedescription>
     </D:multistatus>

   In this example, PROPFIND is executed on a non-collection resource
   http://www.example.com/file.  The propfind XML element specifies the
   name of four properties whose values are being requested. In this
   case only two properties were returned, since the principal issuing
   the request did not have sufficient access rights to see the third
   and fourth properties.

8.2.2   Example - Retrieving Named and Dead Properties

   >>Request

     PROPFIND /mycol/ HTTP/1.1
     Host: www.example.com
     Depth: 1
     Content-type: text/xml; charset="utf-8"
     Content-Length: xxxx

     <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
     <D:propfind xmlns:D="DAV:">
      <D:prop>
        <D:creationdate/>
        <D:getlastmodified/>
      </D:prop>
      <D:dead-props/>
     </D:propfind>

   In this example, PROPFIND is executed on a collection resource
   http://www.example.com/mycol/.  The client requests the values of
   two specific live properties plus all dead properties (names and
   values). The response is not shown.

8.2.3   Example - Using propname to Retrieve all Property Names

   >>Request

                           Expires Apr 2004                         29

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003


     PROPFIND  /container/ HTTP/1.1
     Host: www.example.com
     Content-Type: text/xml; charset="utf-8"
     Content-Length: xxxx

     <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
     <propfind xmlns="DAV:">
      <propname/>
     </propfind>

   >>Response

     HTTP/1.1 207 Multi-Status
     Content-Type: text/xml; charset="utf-8"
     Content-Length: xxxx

     <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
     <multistatus xmlns="DAV:">
      <response>
        <href>http://www.example.com/container/</href>
        <propstat>
          <prop xmlns:R="http://www.example.com/boxschema/">
            <R:bigbox/>
            <R:author/>
            <creationdate/>
            <displayname/>
            <resourcetype/>
            <supportedlock/>
          </prop>
          <status>HTTP/1.1 200 OK</status>
        </propstat>
      </response>
      <response>
        <href>http://www.example.com/container/front.html</href>
        <propstat>
          <prop xmlns:R="http://www.example.com/boxschema/">
            <R:bigbox/>
            <creationdate/>
            <displayname/>
            <getcontentlength/>
            <getcontenttype/>
            <getetag/>
            <getlastmodified/>
            <resourcetype/>

                           Expires Apr 2004                         30

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

            <supportedlock/>
          </prop>
          <status>HTTP/1.1 200 OK</status>
        </propstat>
      </response>
     </multistatus>


   In this example, PROPFIND is invoked on the collection resource
   http://www.example.com/container/, with a propfind XML element
   containing the propname XML element, meaning the name of all
   properties should be returned.  Since no Depth header is present, it
   assumes its default value of "infinity", meaning the name of the
   properties on the collection and all its descendents should be
   returned.

   Consistent with the previous example, resource
   http://www.example.com/container/ has six properties defined on it:
   bigbox and author in the "http://www.example.com/boxschema/"
   namespace, and creationdate, displayname, resourcetype, and
   supportedlock in the "DAV:" namespace.

   The resource http://www.example.com/container/index.html, a member
   of the "container" collection, has nine properties defined on it,
   bigbox in the "http://www.example.com/boxschema/" namespace and,
   creationdate, displayname, getcontentlength, getcontenttype,
   getetag, getlastmodified, resourcetype, and supportedlock in the
   "DAV:" namespace.

   This example also demonstrates the use of XML namespace scoping and
   the default namespace.  Since the "xmlns" attribute does not contain
   a prefix, the namespace applies by default to all enclosed elements.
   Hence, all elements which do not explicitly state the namespace to
   which they belong are members of the "DAV:" namespace schema.

8.2.4   PROPFIND Request Errors

   PROPFIND requests may also fail entirely, before the server even
   gets a chance to evaluate individual properties. 404 (Not Found) and
   401 (Unauthorized) are possible as with every request. These are
   some other notable errors.

   403/DAV:propfind-infinite-depth-forbidden  - A server MAY reject all
   PROPFIND requests on collections with depth header of "Infinity", in
   which case it should use this error.

8.3 PROPPATCH




                           Expires Apr 2004                         31

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   The PROPPATCH method processes instructions specified in the request
   body to set and/or remove properties defined on the resource
   identified by the Request-URI.

   All DAV compliant resources MUST support the PROPPATCH method and
   MUST process instructions that are specified using the
   propertyupdate, set, and remove XML elements.  Execution of the
   directives in this method is, of course, subject to access control
   constraints.  DAV compliant resources SHOULD support the setting of
   arbitrary dead properties.

   The request message body of a PROPPATCH method MUST contain the
   propertyupdate XML element.  Instruction processing MUST occur in
   document order (an exception to the normal rule that ordering is
   irrelevant). Instructions MUST either all be executed or none
   executed. Thus if any error occurs during processing all executed
   instructions MUST be undone and a proper error result returned.
   Instruction processing details can be found in the definition of the
   set and remove instructions in sections 13.23 and section 13.24.

8.3.1   Status Codes for use with 207 (Multi-Status)

   The following are examples of response codes one would expect to be
   used in a 207 (Multi-Status) response for this method.  Note,
   however, that unless explicitly prohibited any 2/3/4/5xx series
   response code may be used in a 207 (Multi-Status) response.

   200 (OK) - The command succeeded.  As there can be a mixture of sets
   and removes in a body, a 201 (Created) seems inappropriate.

   403 (Forbidden) - The client, for reasons the server chooses not to
   specify, cannot alter one of the properties.

   403/DAV:read-only-property: The client has attempted to set a read-
   only property, such as getetag.

   409 (Conflict) - The client has provided a value whose semantics are
   not appropriate for the property.

   423 (Locked) - The specified resource is locked and the client
   either is not a lock owner or the lock type requires a lock token to
   be submitted and the client did not submit it.

   507 (Insufficient Storage) - The server did not have sufficient
   space to record the property.

8.3.2   Example - PROPPATCH

   >>Request



                           Expires Apr 2004                         32

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

     PROPPATCH /bar.html HTTP/1.1
     Host: www.example.com
     Content-Type: text/xml; charset="utf-8"
     Content-Length: xxxx

     <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
     <D:propertyupdate xmlns:D="DAV:"
     xmlns:Z="http://www.w3.com/standards/z39.50/">
      <D:set>
        <D:prop>
          <Z:authors>
            <Z:Author>Jim Whitehead</Z:Author>
            <Z:Author>Roy Fielding</Z:Author>
          </Z:authors>
        </D:prop>
      </D:set>
      <D:remove>
        <D:prop><Z:Copyright-Owner/></D:prop>
      </D:remove>
     </D:propertyupdate>

   >>Response

     HTTP/1.1 207 Multi-Status
     Content-Type: text/xml; charset="utf-8"
     Content-Length: xxxx

     <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
     <D:multistatus xmlns:D="DAV:"
     xmlns:Z="http://www.w3.com/standards/z39.50">
      <D:response>
        <D:href>http://www.example.com/bar.html</D:href>
        <D:propstat>
          <D:prop><Z:Authors/></D:prop>
          <D:status>HTTP/1.1 424 Failed Dependency</D:status>
        </D:propstat>
        <D:propstat>
          <D:prop><Z:Copyright-Owner/></D:prop>
          <D:status>HTTP/1.1 409 Conflict</D:status>
        </D:propstat>
        <D:responsedescription> Copyright Owner can not be deleted or
     altered.</D:responsedescription>
      </D:response>
     </D:multistatus>


                           Expires Apr 2004                         33

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   In this example, the client requests the server to set the value of
   the "Authors" property in the "http://www.w3.com/standards/z39.50/"
   namespace, and to remove the property "Copyright-Owner" in the
   "http://www.w3.com/standards/z39.50/" namespace.  Since the
   Copyright-Owner property could not be removed, no property
   modifications occur.  The 424 (Failed Dependency) status code for
   the Authors property indicates this action would have succeeded if
   it were not for the conflict with removing the Copyright-Owner
   property.

8.4 MKCOL Method

   The MKCOL method is used to create a new collection. All WebDAV
   compliant resources MUST support the MKCOL method.

   MKCOL creates a new collection resource at the location specified by
   the Request-URI.  If the resource identified by the Request-URI is
   non-null then the MKCOL MUST fail.  During MKCOL processing, a
   server MUST make the Request-URI a member of its parent collection,
   unless the Request-URI is "/".  If no such ancestor exists, the
   method MUST fail.  When the MKCOL operation creates a new collection
   resource, all ancestors MUST already exist, or the method MUST fail
   with a 409 (Conflict) status code.  For example, if a request to
   create collection /a/b/c/d/ is made, and /a/b/c/ does not exist, the
   request must fail.

   When MKCOL is invoked without a request body, the newly created
   collection SHOULD have no members.

   A MKCOL request message may contain a message body.  The behavior of
   a MKCOL request when the body is present is limited to creating
   collections, members of a collection, bodies of members and
   properties on the collections or members.  If the server receives a
   MKCOL request entity type it does not support or understand it MUST
   respond with a 415 (Unsupported Media Type) status code.  If the
   server decides to reject the request based on the presence of an
   entity or the type of an entity, it should use the 415 (Unsupported
   Media Type) status code.  The exact behavior of MKCOL for various
   request media types is undefined in this document, and will be
   specified in separate documents.

Status Codes

   Responses from a MKCOL request MUST NOT be cached as MKCOL has non-
   idempotent semantics.

   201 (Created) - The collection was created.

   403 (Forbidden) - This indicates at least one of two conditions: 1)
   the server does not allow the creation of collections at the given


                           Expires Apr 2004                         34

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   location in its namespace, or 2) the parent collection of the
   Request-URI exists but cannot accept members.

   405 (Method Not Allowed) - MKCOL can only be executed on an unmapped
   URL.

   409 (Conflict) - A collection cannot be made at the Request-URI
   until one or more intermediate collections have been created.  The
   server MUST NOT create those intermediate collections automatically.

   415 (Unsupported Media Type) - The server does not support the
   request type of the body.

   507 (Insufficient Storage) - The resource does not have sufficient
   space to record the state of the resource after the execution of
   this method.

8.4.1   Example - MKCOL

   This example creates a collection called /webdisc/xfiles/ on the
   server www.example.com.

   >>Request

     MKCOL /webdisc/xfiles/ HTTP/1.1
     Host: www.example.com

   >>Response

     HTTP/1.1 201 Created


8.5 GET, HEAD for Collections

   The semantics of GET are unchanged when applied to a collection,
   since GET is defined as, "retrieve whatever information (in the form
   of an entity) is identified by the Request-URI" [RFC2616].  GET when
   applied to a collection may return the contents of an "index.html"
   resource, a human-readable view of the contents of the collection,
   or something else altogether. Hence it is possible that the result
   of a GET on a collection will bear no correlation to the membership
   of the collection.

   Similarly, since the definition of HEAD is a GET without a response
   message body, the semantics of HEAD are unmodified when applied to
   collection resources.

8.6 POST for Collections



                           Expires Apr 2004                         35

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   Since by definition the actual function performed by POST is
   determined by the server and often depends on the particular
   resource, the behavior of POST when applied to collections cannot be
   meaningfully modified because it is largely undefined.  Thus the
   semantics of POST are unmodified when applied to a collection.

8.7 DELETE

DELETE for Non-Collection Resources

   When a client issues a DELETE request to a Request-URI mapping to a
   non-collection resource, if the operation is successful the server
   MUST remove that mapping.  Thus, after a successful DELETE operation
   (and in the absence of other actions) a subsequent GET/HEAD/PROPFIND
   request to the target Request-URI MUST return 404 (Not Found).

DELETE for Collections

   The DELETE method on a collection MUST act as if a "Depth: infinity"
   header was used on it.  A client MUST NOT submit a Depth header with
   a DELETE on a collection with any value but infinity.

   DELETE instructs that the collection specified in the Request-URI
   and all resources identified by its internal member URLs are to be
   deleted.

   If any resource identified by a member URL cannot be deleted then
   all of the member's ancestors MUST NOT be deleted, so as to maintain
   namespace consistency.

   Any headers included with DELETE MUST be applied in processing every
   resource to be deleted.

   When the DELETE method has completed processing it MUST result in a
   consistent namespace.

   If an error occurs deleting an internal resource (a resource other
   than the resource identified in the Request-URI) then the response
   can be a 207 (Multi-Status). Multi-Status is used here to indicate
   which internal resources could NOT be deleted, including an error
   code which should help the client understand which resources caused
   the failure.  For example, the Multi-Status body could include a
   response with status 423 (Locked) if an internal resource was
   locked.

   The server MAY return a 4xx status response, rather than a Multi-
   Status, if the entire DELETE request failed and it can’t identify
   the internal resources that caused the DELETE to fail.



                           Expires Apr 2004                         36

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   424 (Failed Dependency) errors SHOULD NOT be in the 207 (Multi-
   Status).  They can be safely left out because the client will know
   that the ancestors of a resource could not be deleted when the
   client receives an error for the ancestor's progeny.  Additionally
   204 (No Content) errors SHOULD NOT be returned in the 207 (Multi-
   Status).  The reason for this prohibition is that 204 (No Content)
   is the default success code.

8.7.1   Example - DELETE

   >>Request

     DELETE  /container/ HTTP/1.1
     Host: www.example.com

   >>Response

     HTTP/1.1 207 Multi-Status
     Content-Type: text/xml; charset="utf-8"
     Content-Length: xxxx

     <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
     <d:multistatus xmlns:d="DAV:">
      <d:response>
        <d:href>http://www.example.com/container/resource3</d:href>
        <d:status>HTTP/1.1 423 Locked</d:status>
      </d:response>
     </d:multistatus>

   In this example the attempt to delete
   http://www.example.com/container/resource3 failed because it is
   locked, and no lock token was submitted with the request.
   Consequently, the attempt to delete
   http://www.example.com/container/ also failed. Thus the client knows
   that the attempt to delete http://www.example.com/container/ must
   have also failed since the parent can not be deleted unless its
   child has also been deleted.  Even though a Depth header has not
   been included, a depth of infinity is assumed because the method is
   on a collection.

8.8 PUT

PUT for Non-Collection Resources

   A PUT performed on an existing resource replaces the GET response
   entity of the resource.  Properties defined on the resource may be
   recomputed during PUT processing but are not otherwise affected.
   For example, if a server recognizes the content type of the request


                           Expires Apr 2004                         37

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   body, it may be able to automatically extract information that could
   be profitably exposed as properties.

   A PUT that would result in the creation of a resource without an
   appropriately scoped parent collection MUST fail with a 409
   (Conflict).

PUT for Collections

   As defined in [RFC2616], the "PUT method requests that the enclosed
   entity be stored under the supplied Request-URI."  Since submission
   of an entity representing a collection would implicitly encode
   creation and deletion of resources, this specification intentionally
   does not define a transmission format for creating a collection
   using PUT.  Instead, the MKCOL method is defined to create
   collections.

8.9 COPY Method

   The COPY method creates a duplicate of the source resource,
   identified by the Request-URI, in the destination resource,
   identified by the URI in the Destination header.  The Destination
   header MUST be present.  The exact behavior of the COPY method
   depends on the type of the source resource.

   All WebDAV compliant resources MUST support the COPY method.
   However, support for the COPY method does not guarantee the ability
   to copy a resource. For example, separate programs may control
   resources on the same server.  As a result, it may not be possible
   to copy a resource to a location that appears to be on the same
   server.

COPY for HTTP/1.1 resources

   When the source resource is not a collection the result of the COPY
   method is the creation of a new resource at the destination whose
   state and behavior match that of the source resource as closely as
   possible.  Since the environment at the destination may be different
   than at the source due to factors outside the scope of control of
   the server, such as the absence of resources required for correct
   operation, it may not be possible to completely duplicate the
   behavior of the resource at the destination. Subsequent alterations
   to the destination resource will not modify the source resource.
   Subsequent alterations to the source resource will not modify the
   destination resource.

COPY for Properties

   After a successful COPY invocation, all dead properties on the
   source resource MUST be duplicated on the destination resource,

                           Expires Apr 2004                         38

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   along with all properties as appropriate.  Live properties described
   in this document SHOULD be duplicated as identically behaving live
   properties at the destination resource, but not necessarily with the
   same values.  If a property cannot be copied live, then its value
   MUST be duplicated, octet-for-octet, in an identically named, dead
   property on the destination resource.

   A COPY operation creates a new resource, much like a PUT operation
   does.  Live properties which are related to resource creation (such
   as creationdate) should have their values set accordingly.

8.9.1   COPY for Collections

   The COPY method on a collection without a Depth header MUST act as
   if a Depth header with value "infinity" was included.  A client may
   submit a Depth header on a COPY on a collection with a value of "0"
   or "infinity".  Servers MUST support the "0" and "infinity" Depth
   header behaviors on WebDAV-compliant resources.

   A COPY of depth infinity instructs that the collection resource
   identified by the Request-URI is to be copied to the location
   identified by the URI in the Destination header, and all its
   internal member resources are to be copied to a location relative to
   it, recursively through all levels of the collection hierarchy.

   A COPY of "Depth: 0" only instructs that the collection and its
   properties but not resources identified by its internal member URLs,
   are to be copied.

   Any headers included with a COPY MUST be applied in processing every
   resource to be copied with the exception of the Destination header.

   The Destination header only specifies the destination URI for the
   Request-URI. When applied to members of the collection identified by
   the Request-URI the value of Destination is to be modified to
   reflect the current location in the hierarchy.  So, if the Request-
   URI is /a/ with Host header value http://example.com/ and the
   Destination is http://example.com/b/ then when
   http://example.com/a/c/d is processed it must use a Destination of
   http://example.com/b/c/d.

   When the COPY method has completed processing it MUST have created a
   consistent namespace at the destination (see section 5.1 for the
   definition of namespace consistency).  However, if an error occurs
   while copying an internal collection, the server MUST NOT copy any
   resources identified by members of this collection (i.e., the server
   must skip this subtree), as this would create an inconsistent
   namespace. After detecting an error, the COPY operation SHOULD try
   to finish as much of the original copy operation as possible (i.e.,
   the server should still attempt to copy other subtrees and their
   members, that are not descendents of an error-causing collection).

                           Expires Apr 2004                         39

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   So, for example, if an infinite depth copy operation is performed on
   collection /a/, which contains collections /a/b/ and /a/c/, and an
   error occurs copying /a/b/, an attempt should still be made to copy
   /a/c/. Similarly, after encountering an error copying a non-
   collection resource as part of an infinite depth copy, the server
   SHOULD try to finish as much of the original copy operation as
   possible.

   If an error in executing the COPY method occurs with a resource
   other than the resource identified in the Request-URI then the
   response MUST be a 207 (Multi-Status), and the URL of the resource
   causing the failure MUST appear with the specific error.

   The 424 (Failed Dependency) status code SHOULD NOT be returned in
   the 207 (Multi-Status) response from a COPY method.  These responses
   can be safely omitted because the client will know that the progeny
   of a resource could not be copied when the client receives an error
   for the parent.  Additionally 201 (Created)/204 (No Content) status
   codes SHOULD NOT be returned as values in 207 (Multi-Status)
   responses from COPY methods.  They, too, can be safely omitted
   because they are the default success codes.

8.9.2   COPY and the Overwrite Header

   If a resource exists at the destination and the Overwrite header is
   "T" then prior to performing the copy the server MUST perform a
   DELETE with "Depth: infinity" on the destination resource.  If the
   Overwrite header is set to "F" then the operation will fail.

8.9.3   Status Codes

   201 (Created) - The source resource was successfully copied.  The
   copy operation resulted in the creation of a new resource.

   204 (No Content) - The source resource was successfully copied to a
   pre-existing destination resource.

   207 (Multi-Status) - Multiple resources were to be affected by the
   COPY, but errors on some of them prevented the operation from taking
   place.  Specific error messages, together with the most appropriate
   of the source and destination URLs, appear in the body of the multi-
   status response. E.g. if a destination resource was locked and could
   not be overwritten, then the destination resource URL appears with
   the 423 (Locked) status.

   403 (Forbidden) - The operation is forbidden.  Possibly this is
   because the source and destination resources are the same resource.

   409 (Conflict) - A resource cannot be created at the destination
   until one or more intermediate collections have been created.  The
   server MUST NOT create those intermediate collections automatically.

                           Expires Apr 2004                         40

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003


   412 (Precondition Failed) - A precondition failed, e.g. the
   Overwrite header is "F" and the state of the destination resource is
   non-null.

   423 (Locked) - The destination resource was locked.

   502 (Bad Gateway) - This may occur when the destination is on
   another server, repository or namespace.  Either the source
   namespace does not support copying to the destination namespace, or
   the destination namespace refuses to accept the resource. The client
   may wish to try GET/PUT and PROPFIND/PROPPATCH instead.

   507 (Insufficient Storage) - The destination resource does not have
   sufficient space to record the state of the resource after the
   execution of this method.

8.9.4   Example - COPY with Overwrite

   This example shows resource
   http://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/index.html being copied to the
   location http://www.ics.uci.edu/users/f/fielding/index.html.  The
   204 (No Content) status code indicates the existing resource at the
   destination was overwritten.

   >>Request

     COPY /~fielding/index.html HTTP/1.1
     Host: www.ics.uci.edu
     Destination: http://www.ics.uci.edu/users/f/fielding/index.html

   >>Response

     HTTP/1.1 204 No Content

Example - COPY with No Overwrite

   The following example shows the same copy operation being performed,
   but with the Overwrite header set to "F."  A response of 412
   (Precondition Failed) is returned because the destination resource
   has a non-null state.

   >>Request

     COPY /~fielding/index.html HTTP/1.1
     Host: www.ics.uci.edu
     Destination: http://www.ics.uci.edu/users/f/fielding/index.html
     Overwrite: F


                           Expires Apr 2004                         41

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   >>Response

     HTTP/1.1 412 Precondition Failed

Example - COPY of a Collection

   >>Request

     COPY /container/ HTTP/1.1
     Host: www.example.com
     Destination: http://www.example.com/othercontainer/
     Depth: infinity

   >>Response

     HTTP/1.1 207 Multi-Status
     Content-Type: text/xml; charset="utf-8"
     Content-Length: xxxx

     <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>

     <d:multistatus xmlns:d="DAV:">
      <d:response>
        <d:href>http://www.example.com/othercontainer/R2/</d:href>
        <d:status>HTTP/1.1 423 Locked</d:status>
      </d:response>
     </d:multistatus>

   The Depth header is unnecessary as the default behavior of COPY on a
   collection is to act as if a "Depth: infinity" header had been
   submitted.  In this example most of the resources, along with the
   collection, were copied successfully. However the collection R2
   failed because the destination R2 is locked.  Because there was an
   error copying R2, none of R2's members were copied.  However no
   errors were listed for those members due to the error minimization
   rules.

8.10    MOVE Method

   The MOVE operation on a non-collection resource is the logical
   equivalent of a copy (COPY), followed by consistency maintenance
   processing, followed by a delete of the source, where all three
   actions are performed atomically.  The consistency maintenance step
   allows the server to perform updates caused by the move, such as
   updating all URLs other than the Request-URI which identify the
   source resource, to point to the new destination resource.
   Consequently, the Destination header MUST be present on all MOVE
   methods and MUST follow all COPY requirements for the COPY part of

                           Expires Apr 2004                         42

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   the MOVE method.  All WebDAV compliant resources MUST support the
   MOVE method.  However, support for the MOVE method does not
   guarantee the ability to move a resource to a particular
   destination.

   For example, separate programs may actually control different sets
   of resources on the same server.  Therefore, it may not be possible
   to move a resource within a namespace that appears to belong to the
   same server.

   If a resource exists at the destination, the destination resource
   will be deleted as a side-effect of the MOVE operation, subject to
   the restrictions of the Overwrite header.

8.10.1  MOVE for Properties


   Live properties described in this document MUST be moved along with
   the resource, such that the resource has identically behaving live
   properties at the destination resource, but not necessarily with the
   same values.  If the live properties will not work the same way at
   the destination, the server MUST fail the request (the client can
   perform COPY then DELETE if it wants a MOVE to work that badly).
   This can mean that the server reports the live property as "Not
   Found" if that's the most appropriate behavior for that live
   property at the destination, as long as the live property is still
   supported with the same semantics.

   MOVE is frequently used by clients to rename a file without changing
   its parent collection, so it's not appropriate to reset live
   properties which are set at resource creation. For example, the
   creationdate property value SHOULD remain the same after a MOVE.

   Dead properties must be moved along with the resource.
   .

8.10.2  MOVE for Collections

   A MOVE with "Depth: infinity" instructs that the collection
   identified by the Request-URI be moved to the address specified in
   the Destination header, and all resources identified by its internal
   member URLs are to be moved to locations relative to it, recursively
   through all levels of the collection hierarchy.

   The MOVE method on a collection MUST act as if a "Depth: infinity"
   header was used on it.  A client MUST NOT submit a Depth header on a
   MOVE on a collection with any value but "infinity".

   Any headers included with MOVE MUST be applied in processing every
   resource to be moved with the exception of the Destination header.


                           Expires Apr 2004                         43

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   The behavior of the Destination header is the same as given for COPY
   on collections.

   When the MOVE method has completed processing it MUST have created a
   consistent namespace at both the source and destination (see section
   5.1 for the definition of namespace consistency). However, if an
   error occurs while moving an internal collection, the server MUST
   NOT move any resources identified by members of the failed
   collection (i.e., the server must skip the error-causing subtree),
   as this would create an inconsistent namespace. In this case, after
   detecting the error, the move operation SHOULD try to finish as much
   of the original move as possible (i.e., the server should still
   attempt to move other subtrees and the resources identified by their
   members, that are not descendents of an error-causing collection).
   So, for example, if an infinite depth move is performed on
   collection /a/, which contains collections /a/b/ and /a/c/, and an
   error occurs moving /a/b/, an attempt should still be made to try
   moving /a/c/. Similarly, after encountering an error moving a non-
   collection resource as part of an infinite depth move, the server
   SHOULD try to finish as much of the original move operation as
   possible.

   If an error occurs with a resource other than the resource
   identified in the Request-URI then the response MUST be a 207
   (Multi-Status), and the errored resource's URL MUST appear with the
   specific error.

   The 424 (Failed Dependency) status code SHOULD NOT be returned in
   the 207 (Multi-Status) response from a MOVE method.  These errors
   can be safely omitted because the client will know that the progeny
   of a resource could not be moved when the client receives an error
   for the parent.  Additionally 201 (Created)/204 (No Content)
   responses SHOULD NOT be returned as values in 207 (Multi-Status)
   responses from a MOVE.  These responses can be safely omitted
   because they are the default success codes.

8.10.3  MOVE and the Overwrite Header

   If a resource exists at the destination and the Overwrite header is
   "T" then prior to performing the move the server MUST perform a
   DELETE with "Depth: infinity" on the destination resource.  If the
   Overwrite header is set to "F" then the operation will fail.

8.10.4  Status Codes

   201 (Created) - The source resource was successfully moved, and a
   new resource was created at the destination.

   204 (No Content) - The source resource was successfully moved to a
   pre-existing destination resource.


                           Expires Apr 2004                         44

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   207 (Multi-Status) - Multiple resources were to be affected by the
   MOVE, but errors on some of them prevented the operation from taking
   place.  Specific error messages, together with the most appropriate
   of the source and destination URLs, appear in the body of the multi-
   status response. E.g. if a source resource was locked and could not
   be moved, then the source resource URL appears with the 423 (Locked)
   status.

   403 (Forbidden) – The source and destination resources are the same.

   409 (Conflict) – A resource cannot be created at the destination
   until one or more intermediate collections have been created.  The
   server MUST NOT create those intermediate collections automatically.


   412 (Precondition Failed) – A condition failed, e.g. the Overwrite
   header is "F" and the state of the destination resource is non-null.

   423 (Locked) - The source or the destination resource was locked.

   500/DAV:live-properties-not-preserved - The server was unable to
   preserve the behavior of the live properties and still move the
   resource to the destination.

   502 (Bad Gateway) - This may occur when the destination is on
   another server and the destination server refuses to accept the
   resource.

8.10.5  Example - MOVE of a Non-Collection

   This example shows resource
   http://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/index.html being moved to the
   location http://www.ics.uci.edu/users/f/fielding/index.html. The
   contents of the destination resource would have been overwritten if
   the destination resource had been non-null.  In this case, since
   there was nothing at the destination resource, the response code is
   201 (Created).

   >>Request

     MOVE /~fielding/index.html HTTP/1.1
     Host: www.ics.uci.edu
     Destination: http://www.ics.uci.edu/users/f/fielding/index.html

   >>Response

     HTTP/1.1 201 Created
     Location: http://www.ics.uci.edu/users/f/fielding/index.html



                           Expires Apr 2004                         45

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

Example - MOVE of a Collection

   >>Request

     MOVE /container/ HTTP/1.1
     Host: www.example.com
     Destination: http://www.example.com/othercontainer/
     Overwrite: F
     If: (<opaquelocktoken:fe184f2e-6eec-41d0-c765-01adc56e6bb4>)
         (<opaquelocktoken:e454f3f3-acdc-452a-56c7-00a5c91e4b77>)


   >>Response

     HTTP/1.1 207 Multi-Status
     Content-Type: text/xml; charset="utf-8"
     Content-Length: xxxx

     <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
     <d:multistatus xmlns:d='DAV:'>
      <d:response>
        <d:href>http://www.example.com/othercontainer/C2/</d:href>
        <d:status>HTTP/1.1 423 Locked</d:status>
      </d:response>
     </d:multistatus>

   In this example the client has submitted a number of lock tokens
   with the request.  A lock token will need to be submitted for every
   resource, both source and destination, anywhere in the scope of the
   method, that is locked.  In this case the proper lock token was not
   submitted for the destination
   http://www.example.com/othercontainer/C2/. This means that the
   resource /container/C2/ could not be moved.  Because there was an
   error moving /container/C2/, none of /container/C2's members were
   moved.  However no errors were listed for those members due to the
   error minimization rules.  User agent authentication has previously
   occurred via a mechanism outside the scope of the HTTP protocol, in
   an underlying transport layer.

8.11    LOCK Method

   The following sections describe the LOCK method, which is used to
   take out a lock of any access type and to refresh an existing lock.
   These sections on the LOCK method describe only those semantics that
   are specific to the LOCK method and are independent of the access
   type of the lock being requested.



                           Expires Apr 2004                         46

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   Any resource which supports the LOCK method MUST, at minimum,
   support the XML request and response formats defined herein.

Operation

   A LOCK method invocation creates the lock specified by the lockinfo
   XML element on the resource indicated by the Request-URI, which
   becomes the root of the lock.  Lock method requests to create a new
   lock MUST have a XML request body which contains an owner XML
   element for this lock request. The server MUST preserve the
   information provided by the client in the owner field when the lock
   information is requested.  The LOCK request MAY have a Timeout
   header.

   Clients MUST assume that locks may arbitrarily disappear at any
   time, regardless of the value given in the Timeout header.  The
   Timeout header only indicates the behavior of the server if
   "extraordinary" circumstances do not occur.  For example, a
   sufficiently privileged user may remove a lock at any time or the
   system may crash in such a way that it loses the record of the
   lock's existence. The response MUST contain the value of the
   lockdiscovery property in a prop XML element.

   In order to indicate the lock token associated with a newly created
   lock, a Lock-Token response header MUST be included in the response
   for every successful LOCK request for a new lock.  Note that the
   Lock-Token header would not be returned in the response for a
   successful refresh LOCK request because a new lock was not created.

Refreshing Locks

   A lock is refreshed by sending a new LOCK request to the resource
   which is the root of the lock. A LOCK request to refresh a lock must
   specify which lock to refresh by using the Lock-Token header with a
   single lock token (only one lock may be refreshed at a time).  This
   request does not contain a body, but it may contain a Timeout
   header.  A server MAY accept the Timeout header to change the
   duration remaining on the lock to the new value.

   If the resource has other (shared) locks, those locks are unaffected
   by a lock refresh.  Additionally, those locks do not prevent the
   named lock from being refreshed.

   Note that in RFC2518, clients were indicated through the example in
   the text to use the If header to specify what lock to refresh
   (rather than the Lock-Token header). Servers are encouraged to
   continue to support this as well as the Lock-Token header.


The Effect of Locks on Properties and Collections

                           Expires Apr 2004                         47

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003


   The scope of a lock is the entire state of the resource, including
   its body and associated properties.  As a result, a lock on a
   resource MUST also lock the resource's properties.

   For collections, a lock also affects the ability to add or remove
   members.  The nature of the effect depends upon the type of access
   control involved.  This means that if a collection is locked, its
   lock-token is required in all these cases:
    - DELETE a collection’s direct  internal member
    - MOVE a member out of the collection
    - MOVE a member into the collection, unless it overwrites a pre-
      existing member
    - MOVE to rename it within a collection,
    - COPY a member into a collection, unless it overwrites a pre-
      existing member
    - PUT or MKCOL request which would create a new member.
   The collection’s lock token is required in addition to the lock
   token on the internal member itself, if it exists.

Locking Replicated Resources

   A resource may be made available through more than one URI. However
   locks apply to resources, not URIs. Therefore a LOCK request on a
   resource MUST NOT succeed if can not be honored by all the URIs
   through which the resource is addressable.

Depth and Locking

   The Depth header may be used with the LOCK method.  Values other
   than 0 or infinity MUST NOT be used with the Depth header on a LOCK
   method.  All resources that support the LOCK method MUST support the
   Depth header.

   A Depth header of value 0 means to just lock the resource specified
   by the Request-URI.

   If the Depth header is set to infinity then the resource specified
   in the Request-URI along with all its internal members, all the way
   down the hierarchy, are to be locked.  A successful result MUST
   return a single lock token which represents all the resources that
   have been locked.  If an UNLOCK is successfully executed on this
   token, all associated resources are unlocked.  If the lock cannot be
   granted to all resources, a 409 (Conflict) status code MUST be
   returned with a response entity body containing a multistatus XML
   element describing which resource(s) prevented the lock from being
   granted.  Hence, partial success is not an option.  Either the
   entire hierarchy is locked or no resources are locked.



                           Expires Apr 2004                         48

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   If no Depth header is submitted on a LOCK request then the request
   MUST act as if a "Depth:infinity" had been submitted.

Interaction with other Methods

   The interaction of a LOCK with various methods is dependent upon the
   lock type.  However, independent of lock type, a successful DELETE
   of a resource MUST cause all of its direct locks to be removed.

Locking Unmapped URLs

   A successful LOCK method MUST result in the creation of an empty
   resource which is locked (and which is not a collection), when a
   resource did not previously exist at that URL.  Later on, the lock
   may go away but the empty resource remains.  Empty resources MUST
   then appear in PROPFIND responses including that URL in the response
   scope.  A server MUST respond successfully to a GET request to an
   empty resource, either by using a 204 No Content response, or by
   using 200 OK with a Content-Length header indicating zero length and
   no Content-Type.

Lock Compatibility Table

   The table below describes the behavior that occurs when a lock
   request is made on a resource.

     Current State   Shared Lock Request   Exclusive Lock Request
   --------------------------------------------------------------------
     None            True                  True
     Shared Lock     True                  False
     Exclusive Lock  False                 False*


   Legend: True = lock may be granted.  False = lock MUST NOT be
   granted. *=It is illegal for a principal to request the same lock
   twice.

   The current lock state of a resource is given in the leftmost
   column, and lock requests are listed in the first row.  The
   intersection of a row and column gives the result of a lock request.
   For example, if a shared lock is held on a resource, and an
   exclusive lock is requested, the table entry is "false", indicating
   the lock must not be granted.

Status Codes

   200 (OK) - The lock request succeeded and the value of the
   lockdiscovery property is included in the body.



                           Expires Apr 2004                         49

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   409 (Conflict) – A resource cannot be created at the destination
   until one or more intermediate collections have been created.  The
   server MUST NOT create those intermediate collections automatically.

   412 (Precondition Failed) - The included lock token was not
   enforceable on this resource or the server could not satisfy the
   request in the lockinfo XML element.

   423 (Locked) - The resource is locked, so the method has been
   rejected.

8.11.1  Example - Simple Lock Request

   >>Request

     LOCK /workspace/webdav/proposal.doc HTTP/1.1
     Host: example.com
     Timeout: Infinite, Second-4100000000
     Content-Type: text/xml; charset="utf-8"
     Content-Length: xxxx
     Authorization: Digest username="ejw",
        realm="ejw@example.com", nonce="...",
        uri="/workspace/webdav/proposal.doc",
        response="...", opaque="..."

     <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
     <D:lockinfo xmlns:D='DAV:'>
      <D:lockscope><D:exclusive/></D:lockscope>
      <D:locktype><D:write/></D:locktype>
      <D:owner>
        <D:href>http://www.ics.uci.edu/~ejw/contact.html</D:href>
      </D:owner>
     </D:lockinfo>

   >>Response

     HTTP/1.1 200 OK
     Lock-Token: <opaquelocktoken:e71d4fae-5dec-22d6-fea5-00a0c91e6be4>
     Content-Type: text/xml; charset="utf-8"
     Content-Length: xxxx

     <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
     <D:prop xmlns:D="DAV:">
      <D:lockdiscovery>
        <D:activelock>
          <D:locktype><D:write/></D:locktype>
          <D:lockscope><D:exclusive/></D:lockscope>

                           Expires Apr 2004                         50

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

          <D:depth>infinity</D:depth>
          <D:owner>
            <D:href>
              http://www.ics.uci.edu/~ejw/contact.html
            </D:href>
          </D:owner>
          <D:timeout>Second-604800</D:timeout>
          <D:locktoken>
            <D:href>opaquelocktoken:e71d4fae-5dec-22d6-fea5-
     00a0c91e6be4</D:href>
          </D:locktoken>
          <D:lockroot>
            <D:href>http://example.com/workspace/webdav
              /proposal.doc</D:href>
          </D:lockroot>
        </D:activelock>
      </D:lockdiscovery>
     </D:prop>

   This example shows the successful creation of an exclusive write
   lock on resource http://example.com/workspace/webdav/proposal.doc.
   The resource http://www.ics.uci.edu/~ejw/contact.html contains
   contact information for the owner of the lock.  The server has an
   activity-based timeout policy in place on this resource, which
   causes the lock to automatically be removed after 1 week (604800
   seconds).  Note that the nonce, response, and opaque fields have not
   been calculated in the Authorization request header.

   Note that the locktoken and lockroot href elements would not contain
   any whitespace.  The line return appearing in this document is only
   for formatting.

8.11.2  Example - Refreshing a Write Lock

   >>Request

     LOCK /workspace/webdav/proposal.doc HTTP/1.1
     Host: example.com
     Timeout: Infinite, Second-4100000000
     Lock-Token: <opaquelocktoken:e71d4fae-5dec-22d6-fea5-00a0c91e6be4>
     Authorization: Digest username="ejw",
        realm="ejw@example.com", nonce="...",
        uri="/workspace/webdav/proposal.doc",
        response="...", opaque="..."

   >>Response


                           Expires Apr 2004                         51

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

     HTTP/1.1 200 OK
     Content-Type: text/xml; charset="utf-8"
     Content-Length: xxxx

     <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
     <D:prop xmlns:D="DAV:">
      <D:lockdiscovery>
        <D:activelock>
          <D:locktype><D:write/></D:locktype>
          <D:lockscope><D:exclusive/></D:lockscope>
          <D:depth>infinity</D:depth>
          <D:owner>
            <D:href>
            http://www.ics.uci.edu/~ejw/contact.html
            </D:href>
          </D:owner>
          <D:timeout>Second-604800</D:timeout>
          <D:locktoken>
            <D:href>opaquelocktoken:e71d4fae-5dec-22d6-fea5-
     00a0c91e6be4</D:href>
          </D:locktoken>
          <D:lockroot>
            <D:href>http://example.com/workspace/webdav
              /proposal.doc</D:href>
          </D:lockroot>
        </D:activelock>
      </D:lockdiscovery>
     </D:prop>

   This request would refresh the lock, attempting to reset the timeout
   to the new value specified in the timeout header.  Notice that the
   client asked for an infinite time out but the server choose to
   ignore the request. In this example, the nonce, response, and opaque
   fields have not been calculated in the Authorization request header.

8.11.3  Example - Multi-Resource Lock Request

   >>Request

     LOCK /webdav/ HTTP/1.1
     Host: example.com
     Timeout: Infinite, Second-4100000000
     Depth: infinity
     Content-Type: text/xml; charset="utf-8"
     Content-Length: xxxx
     Authorization: Digest username="ejw",

                           Expires Apr 2004                         52

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

        realm="ejw@example.com", nonce="...",
        uri="/workspace/webdav/proposal.doc",
        response="...", opaque="..."

     <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
     <D:lockinfo xmlns:D="DAV:">
      <D:locktype><D:write/></D:locktype>
      <D:lockscope><D:exclusive/></D:lockscope>
      <D:owner>
        <D:href>http://www.ics.uci.edu/~ejw/contact.html</D:href>
      </D:owner>
     </D:lockinfo>

   >>Response

     HTTP/1.1 207 Multi-Status
     Content-Type: text/xml; charset="utf-8"
     Content-Length: xxxx

     <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
     <D:multistatus xmlns:D="DAV:">
      <D:response>
        <D:href>http://example.com/webdav/secret</D:href>
        <D:status>HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden</D:status>
      </D:response>
      <D:response>
        <D:href>http://example.com/webdav/</D:href>
        <D:propstat>
          <D:prop><D:lockdiscovery/></D:prop>
          <D:status>HTTP/1.1 424 Failed Dependency</D:status>
        </D:propstat>
      </D:response>
     </D:multistatus>

   This example shows a request for an exclusive write lock on a
   collection and all its children.  In this request, the client has
   specified that it desires an infinite length lock, if available,
   otherwise a timeout of 4.1 billion seconds, if available. The
   request entity body contains the contact information for the
   principal taking out the lock, in this case a web page URL.

   The error is a 403 (Forbidden) response on the resource
   http://example.com/webdav/secret.  Because this resource could not
   be locked, none of the resources were locked.  Note also that the
   lockdiscovery property for the Request-URI has been included as



                           Expires Apr 2004                         53

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   required.  In this example the lockdiscovery property is empty which
   means that there are no outstanding locks on the resource.

   In this example, the nonce, response, and opaque fields have not
   been calculated in the Authorization request header.

8.12    UNLOCK Method

   The UNLOCK method removes the lock identified by the lock token in
   the Lock-Token request header from the Request-URI and all other
   resources included in the lock.  The root of the lock MUST be named
   by the Request-URI, not any other resource within the scope of the
   lock.  Servers SHOULD redirect the UNLOCK request to the lock root.
   Failing that, servers MAY fail an UNLOCK request to a resource that
   is not directly locked (not the root of the lock) with error code
   400 (Bad Request).

   If all resources which have been locked under the submitted lock
   token can not be unlocked then the UNLOCK request MUST fail.

   A successful response to an UNLOCK method does not mean that the
   resource is necessarily unlocked.  It means that the specific lock
   corresponding to the specified token no longer exists.

   Any DAV compliant resource which supports the LOCK method MUST
   support the UNLOCK method.

Status Codes

   204 (No Content) – Normal success response

   400 (Bad Request) – No lock token was provided, or request was not
   made to lock root.

   412 (Precondition Failed) - The resource was not locked.


8.12.1  Example - UNLOCK

   >>Request

     UNLOCK /workspace/webdav/info.doc HTTP/1.1
     Host: example.com
     Lock-Token: <opaquelocktoken:a515cfa4-5da4-22e1-f5b5-00a0451e6bf7>
     Authorization: Digest username="ejw",
        realm="ejw@example.com", nonce="...",
        uri="/workspace/webdav/proposal.doc",
        response="...", opaque="..."



                           Expires Apr 2004                         54

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   >>Response

     HTTP/1.1 204 No Content


   In this example, the lock identified by the lock token
   "opaquelocktoken:a515cfa4-5da4-22e1-f5b5-00a0451e6bf7" is
   successfully removed from the resource
   http://example.com/workspace/webdav/info.doc.  If this lock included
   more than just one resource, the lock is removed from all resources
   included in the lock.  The 204 (No Content) status code is used
   instead of 200 (OK) because there is no response entity body.

   In this example, the nonce, response, and opaque fields have not
   been calculated in the Authorization request header.



9  HTTP Headers for Distributed Authoring

   All DAV headers follow the same basic formatting rules as HTTP
   headers. This includes rules like line continuation and how to
   combine (or separate) multiple instances of the same header using
   commas.

9.1 DAV Header

   DAV             = "DAV" ":" #( compliance-code )
   compliance-code = ( "1" | "2" | "bis" | extend )
   extend          = Coded-URL | token

   As a response header, this header indicates that the resource
   supports the DAV schema and protocol as specified. All DAV compliant
   resources MUST return the DAV header on all OPTIONS responses.

   The value is a comma-separated list of all compliance class
   identifiers that the resource supports.  Class identifiers may be
   Coded-URLs or tokens (as defined by [RFC2616]). Identifiers can
   appear in any order.  Identifiers that are standardized through the
   IETF RFC process are tokens, but other identifiers SHOULD be Coded-
   URLs to encourage uniqueness.

   A resource must show class 1 compliance if it shows class 2 or "bis"
   compliance. In general, support for one compliance class does not
   entail support for any other.  Please refer to section 16 for more
   details on compliance classes defined in this specification.

   This header must also appear on responses to OPTIONS requests to the
   special '*' Request-URI as defined in HTTP/1.1.  In this case it


                           Expires Apr 2004                         55

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   means that the repository supports the named features in at least
   some internal namespaces.

   As an optional request header, this header allows the client to
   advertise compliance with named features.  Clients need not
   advertise 1, 2 or bis because a WebDAV server currently doesn't need
   that information to decide how to respond to requests defined in
   this specification or in HTTP/1.1.  However, future extensions may
   define client compliance codes.  When used as a request header, the
   DAV header MAY affect caching so this header SHOULD NOT be used on
   all GET requests.

9.2 Depth Header

   Depth = "Depth" ":" ("0" | "1" | "infinity")

   The Depth header is used with methods executed on resources which
   could potentially have internal members to indicate whether the
   method is to be applied only to the resource ("Depth: 0"), to the
   resource and its immediate children, ("Depth: 1"), or the resource
   and all its progeny ("Depth: infinity").

   The Depth header is only supported if a method's definition
   explicitly provides for such support.

   The following rules are the default behavior for any method that
   supports the Depth header. A method may override these defaults by
   defining different behavior in its definition.

   Methods which support the Depth header may choose not to support all
   of the header's values and may define, on a case by case basis, the
   behavior of the method if a Depth header is not present. For
   example, the MOVE method only supports "Depth: infinity" and if a
   Depth header is not present will act as if a "Depth: infinity"
   header had been applied.

   Clients MUST NOT rely upon methods executing on members of their
   hierarchies in any particular order or on the execution being atomic
   unless the particular method explicitly provides such guarantees.

   Upon execution, a method with a Depth header will perform as much of
   its assigned task as possible and then return a response specifying
   what it was able to accomplish and what it failed to do.

   So, for example, an attempt to COPY a hierarchy may result in some
   of the members being copied and some not.

   Any headers on a method that has a defined interaction with the
   Depth header MUST be applied to all resources in the scope of the
   method except where alternative behavior is explicitly defined. For


                           Expires Apr 2004                         56

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   example, an If-Match header will have its value applied against
   every resource in the method's scope and will cause the method to
   fail if the header fails to match.

   If a resource, source or destination, within the scope of the method
   with a Depth header is locked in such a way as to prevent the
   successful execution of the method, then the lock token for that
   resource MUST be submitted with the request in the If request
   header.

   The Depth header only specifies the behavior of the method with
   regards to internal children.  If a resource does not have internal
   children then the Depth header MUST be ignored.

   Please note, however, that it is always an error to submit a value
   for the Depth header that is not allowed by the method's definition.
   Thus submitting a "Depth: 1" on a COPY, even if the resource does
   not have internal members, will result in a 400 (Bad Request). The
   method should fail not because the resource doesn't have internal
   members, but because of the illegal value in the header.

9.3 Destination Header

   Destination = "Destination" ":" ( absoluteURI | abs_path )

   The Destination header specifies the URI which identifies a
   destination resource for methods such as COPY and MOVE, which take
   two URIs as parameters.  Note that the absoluteURI and abs_path
   production are defined in [RFC2396].  If abs_path is used, the
   scheme, host and port of the destination are the same as those for
   the Request-URI (note the Host header, which must be present on
   requests, contains the host and port).

   If the Destination value is an absolute URI, it may name a different
   server (or different port or scheme). If the source server cannot
   attempt a copy to the remote server, it MUST fail the request with a
   502 (Bad Gateway) response. Servers MAY attempt to copy the resource
   to the remote server using PUT/PROPPATCH or another mechanism.



9.4 Force-Authentication Header

   Force-Authentication = "Force-Authentication" ":" Method

   The Force-Authentication header is used with the OPTIONS method to
   specify that the client wants to be challenged for authentication
   credentials to the resource identified by the Request-URI.  If
   present on a request to a WebDAV-compliant resource, the server MUST
   respond with either 401 (Unauthorized) or 501 (Not Implemented)

                           Expires Apr 2004                         57


                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   status code. The Method value is used for the client to indicate
   what method it intends to use first on the resource identified in
   the Request-URI.

9.5 If Header

   If = "If" ":" ( 1*No-tag-list | 1*Tagged-list)
   No-tag-list = List
   Tagged-list = Resource 1*List
   Resource = Coded-URL
   List = "(" 1*(["Not"](State-token | "[" entity-tag "]")) ")"
   State-token = Coded-URL
   Coded-URL = "<" absoluteURI ">"

   The If header is intended to have similar functionality to the If-
   Match header defined in section 14.24 of [RFC2616].  However the If
   header is intended for use with any URI which represents state
   information, referred to as a state token, about a resource as well
   as ETags.  A typical example of a state token is a lock token, and
   lock tokens are the only state tokens defined in this specification.
   The <DAV:no-lock> state token is a special token that must never
   match an actual valid lock token. The purpose of this is described
   in section 9.5.5.

   The If header's purpose is to describe a series of state lists.  If
   the state of the resource to which the header is applied does not
   match any of the specified state lists then the request MUST fail
   with a 412 (Precondition Failed).  If one of the described state
   lists matches the state of the resource then the request may
   succeed.

   The server must parse the If header when it appears on any request,
   evaluate all the clauses, and if the conditional evaluates to false,
   fail the request.

   Note that the absoluteURI production is defined in [RFC2396].

   RFC2518 originally defined the If header without comma separators.
   This oversight meant that the If header couldn't be divided up among
   multiple lines according to the HTTP header manipulation rules.
   Servers supporting "bis" MUST be able to accept commas in If header
   values. If the header has commas between tokens or clauses, the
   header can be evaluated simply by removing the commas and proceeding
   with the evaluation rules.

9.5.1   No-tag-list Production

   The No-tag-list production describes a series of state tokens and
   ETags.  If multiple No-tag-list productions are used then one only


                           Expires Apr 2004                         58

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   needs to match the state of the resource for the method to be
   allowed to continue.  All untagged tokens apply to the resource
   identified in the Request-URI.

9.5.2   Example - No-tag-list If Header

     If: (<opaquelocktoken:a-write-lock-token> ["I am an ETag"]), (["I
     am another ETag"])

   The previous header would require that the resource identified in
   the Request-URI be locked with the specified lock token and in the
   state identified by the "I am an ETag" ETag or in the state
   identified by the second ETag "I am another ETag".  To put the
   matter more plainly one can think of the previous If header as being
   in the form (or (and <opaquelocktoken:a-write-lock-token> ["I am an
   ETag"]) (and ["I am another ETag"])).

9.5.3   Tagged-list Production

   The tagged-list production scopes a list production.  That is, it
   specifies that the lists following the resource specification only
   apply to the specified resource.  The scope of the resource
   production begins with the list production immediately following the
   resource production and ends with the next resource production, if
   any.  All clauses must be evaluated.


   The same URI MUST NOT appear more than once in a resource production
   in an If header.

9.5.4   Example - Tagged List If header

     COPY /resource1 HTTP/1.1
     Host: www.example.com
     Destination: http://www.example.com/resource2
     If: <http://www.example.com/resource1> (<locktoken:a-write-lock-
     token> [W/"A weak ETag"]), (["strong ETag"]),
     <http://www.bar.bar/random>(["another strong ETag"])

   In this example http://www.example.com/resource1 is being copied to
   http://www.example.com/resource2.  When the method is first applied
   to http://www.example.com/resource1, resource1 must be in the state
   specified by "(<locktoken:a-write-lock-token> [W/"A weak ETag"])
   (["strong ETag"])", that is, it either must be locked with a lock
   token of "locktoken:a-write-lock-token" and have a weak entity tag
   W/"A weak ETag" or it must have a strong entity tag "strong ETag".

   That is the only success condition since the resource
   http://www.bar.bar/random never has the method applied to it (the


                           Expires Apr 2004                         59

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   only other resource listed in the If header) and
   http://www.example.com/resource2 is not listed in the If header.

9.5.5   Not Production

   Every state token or ETag is either current, and hence describes the
   state of a resource, or is not current, and does not describe the
   state of a resource. The boolean operation of matching a state token
   or ETag to the current state of a resource thus resolves to a true
   or false value.  The ‘Not’ production is used to reverse that value.
   The scope of the not production is the state-token or entity-tag
   immediately following it.

     If: (Not <locktoken:write1> <locktoken:write2>)

   When submitted with a request, this If header requires that all
   operand resources must not be locked with locktoken:write1 and must
   be locked with locktoken:write2.

   The Not production is particularly useful with the "<DAV:no-lock>"
   state token. The clause "Not <DAV:no-lock>" must evaluate to true.
   Thus, any "OR" statement containing the clause "Not <DAV:no-lock>
   must also evaluate to true.

9.5.6   Matching Function

   When performing If header processing, the definition of a matching
   state token or entity tag is as follows.

   Matching entity tag: Where the entity tag matches an entity tag
   associated with that resource.

   Matching state token: Where there is an exact match between the
   state token in the If header and any state token on the resource.

9.5.7   If Header and Non-DAV Aware Proxies

   Non-DAV aware proxies will not honor the If header, since they will
   not understand the If header, and HTTP requires non-understood
   headers to be ignored.  When communicating with HTTP/1.1 proxies,
   the "Cache-Control: no-cache" request header MUST be used so as to
   prevent the proxy from improperly trying to service the request from
   its cache.  When dealing with HTTP/1.0 proxies the "Pragma: no-
   cache" request header MUST be used for the same reason.








                           Expires Apr 2004                         60

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

9.6 Lock-Token Header

   Lock-Token = "Lock-Token" ":" Coded-URL

   The Lock-Token request header is used with the UNLOCK method to
   identify the lock to be removed.  The lock token in the Lock-Token
   request header MUST identify a lock that contains the resource
   identified by Request-URI as a member.

   The Lock-Token response header is used with the LOCK method to
   indicate the lock token created as a result of a successful LOCK
   request to create a new lock.

9.7 Overwrite Header

   Overwrite = "Overwrite" ":" ("T" | "F")

   The Overwrite header specifies whether the server should overwrite
   the state of a non-null destination resource during a COPY or MOVE.
   A value of "F" states that the server must not perform the COPY or
   MOVE operation if the state of the destination resource is non-null.
   If the overwrite header is not included in a COPY or MOVE request
   then the resource MUST treat the request as if it has an overwrite
   header of value "T". While the Overwrite header appears to duplicate
   the functionality of the If-Match: * header of HTTP/1.1, If-Match
   applies only to the Request-URI, and not to the Destination of a
   COPY or MOVE.

   If a COPY or MOVE is not performed due to the value of the Overwrite
   header, the method MUST fail with a 412 (Precondition Failed) status
   code.

   All DAV compliant resources MUST support the Overwrite header.

9.8 Timeout Request Header

   TimeOut = "Timeout" ":" 1#TimeType
   TimeType = ("Second-" DAVTimeOutVal | "Infinite")
   DAVTimeOutVal = 1*digit

   Clients may include Timeout headers in their LOCK requests.
   However, the server is not required to honor or even consider these
   requests.  Clients MUST NOT submit a Timeout request header with any
   method other than a LOCK method.

   Timeout response values MUST use a Second value or Infinite.

   The "Second" TimeType specifies the number of seconds that will
   elapse between granting of the lock at the server, and the automatic

                           Expires Apr 2004                         61

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   removal of the lock.  The timeout value for TimeType "Second" MUST
   NOT be greater than 2^32-1.

   The timeout counter MUST be restarted if a refresh LOCK request is
   successful.  The timeout counter SHOULD NOT be restarted at any
   other time.

   If the timeout expires then the lock may be lost.  Specifically, if
   the server wishes to harvest the lock upon time-out, the server
   SHOULD act as if an UNLOCK method was executed by the server on the
   resource using the lock token of the timed-out lock, performed with
   its override authority. Thus logs should be updated with the
   disposition of the lock, notifications should be sent, etc., just as
   they would be for an UNLOCK request.

   Servers are advised to pay close attention to the values submitted
   by clients, as they will be indicative of the type of activity the
   client intends to perform.  For example, an applet running in a
   browser may need to lock a resource, but because of the instability
   of the environment within which the applet is running, the applet
   may be turned off without warning.  As a result, the applet is
   likely to ask for a relatively small timeout value so that if the
   applet dies, the lock can be quickly harvested.  However, a document
   management system is likely to ask for an extremely long timeout
   because its user may be planning on going off-line.

   A client MUST NOT assume that just because the time-out has expired
   the lock has been lost. Likewise, a client MUST NOT assume that just
   because the time-out has not expired, the lock still exists (and for
   this reason, clients are strongly advised to use ETags as well).



10 Status Code Extensions to HTTP/1.1

   The following status codes are added to those defined in HTTP/1.1
   [RFC2616].

10.1    102 Processing

   The 102 (Processing) status code is an interim response used to
   inform the client that the server has accepted the complete request,
   but has not yet completed it.  This status code SHOULD only be sent
   when the server has a reasonable expectation that the request will
   take significant time to complete. As guidance, if a method is
   taking longer than 20 seconds (a reasonable, but arbitrary value) to
   process the server SHOULD return a 102 (Processing) response. The
   server MUST send a final response after the request has been
   completed.


                           Expires Apr 2004                         62

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   Methods can potentially take a long period of time to process,
   especially methods that support the Depth header.  In such cases the
   client may time-out the connection while waiting for a response.  To
   prevent this the server may return a 102 (Processing) status code to
   indicate to the client that the server is still processing the
   method.

10.2    207 Multi-Status

   The 207 (Multi-Status) status code provides status for multiple
   independent operations (see section 12 for more information).

10.3    422 Unprocessable Entity

   The 422 (Unprocessable Entity) status code means the server
   understands the content type of the request entity (hence a
   415(Unsupported Media Type) status code is inappropriate), and the
   syntax of the request entity is correct (thus a 400 (Bad Request)
   status code is inappropriate) but was unable to process the
   contained instructions.  For example, this error condition may occur
   if an XML request body contains well-formed (i.e., syntactically
   correct), but semantically erroneous XML instructions.

10.4    423 Locked

   The 423 (Locked) status code means the source or destination
   resource of a method is locked.

10.5    424 Failed Dependency

   The 424 (Failed Dependency) status code means that the method could
   not be performed on the resource because the requested action
   depended on another action and that action failed.  For example, if
   a command in a PROPPATCH method fails then, at minimum, the rest of
   the commands will also fail with 424 (Failed Dependency).

10.6    507 Insufficient Storage

   The 507 (Insufficient Storage) status code means the method could
   not be performed on the resource because the server is unable to
   store the representation needed to successfully complete the
   request.  This condition is considered to be temporary.  If the
   request which received this status code was the result of a user
   action, the request MUST NOT be repeated until it is requested by a
   separate user action.


11 Use of HTTP Status Codes

11.1    301 Moved Permanently


                           Expires Apr 2004                         63

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   Any WebDAV request may be redirected using this status code.

11.2    302 Found

   Any WebDAV request may be redirected using this status code.

11.3    400 Bad Request

   This code may be used if:
    - the Host header is missing in any request
    - The protocol version is HTTP/1.0
    - Any header is improperly formatted
    - The request method line is improperly formatted

11.4    403 Forbidden

   Uses:
    - The server does not ever accept this method on this kind of
   resource. For example, if a PUT is not accepted on a collection.

11.5    409 Conflict

   The 409 Conflict is most typically returned when a method that
   attempts to create a new resource must fail, because one of the
   collections that resource depends on does not exist.  However, other
   types of conflicts are defined in specifications extending RFC2518.
   Therefore, this can be returned in response to all methods.


11.6    414 Request-URI Too Long

   This status code is used in HTTP 1.1 only for Request-URIs, because
   full URIs aren’t used in other headers. WebDAV specifies full URLs
   in other headers, therefore this error may be used if the URI is too
   long in other locations as well. This status code may be used in
   response to any method in this specification.


12 Multi-Status Response

   The default 207 (Multi-Status) response body is a text/xml or
   application/xml HTTP entity that contains a single XML element
   called multistatus, which contains a set of XML elements called
   response which contain 200, 300, 400, and 500 series status codes
   generated during the method invocation.  100 series status codes
   SHOULD NOT be recorded in a response XML element.  The 207 status
   code itself MUST NOT be considered a success response, it is only
   completely successful if all response elements inside contain
   success status codes.


                           Expires Apr 2004                         64

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   The body of a 207 Multi-Status response MUST contain a URL
   associated with each specific status code, so that the client can
   tell whether the error occurred with the source resource,
   destination resource or some other resource in the scope of the
   request. URLs for collections appearing in the results SHOULD end in
   a ‘/’ character.

   When a Multi-Status body is returned in response to a PROPFIND or
   another request with a single scope, all URLs appearing in the body
   must be equal to or inside the request-URI, thus the URLs MAY be
   absolute or MAY be relative.
    - If the URLs are absolute, then the server MUST ensure that the
   URLs have the same prefix (scheme, host, port, and path) as the URL
   of the requested resource (which may be the same as the Request-URI
   or may be the corrected in the response Location header).
    - If the URLs are relative, they MUST be resolved against the
   Location header, if present, or as second choice against the
   Request-URI.

   When a Multi-Status body is returned in response to MOVE or COPY,
   relative URIs resolution is ambiguous (the request had both a source
   and a destination URL).  Thus, URLs appearing in the responses to
   MOVE or COPY SHOULD be absolute and fully-qualified URLs.


12.1    Responses requiring Location in Multi-Status

   The 300-303, 305 and 307 responses defined in HTTP 1.1 normally take
   a Location header to indicate where the client should make the
   request.  The Multi-Status response syntax as defined in RFC2518 did
   not allow for the Location header information to be included in an
   unambiguous way, so servers MAY choose not to use these status codes
   in Multi-Status responses. If a clients receives this status code in
   Multi-Status, the client MAY reissue the request to the individual
   resource, so that the server can issue a response with a Location
   header for each resource.

   Additionally, this specification defines a new element that servers
   MAY use in the response element to provide a location value in
   Multi-Status (see section 13.29).


13 XML Element Definitions

   In the section below, the final line of each section gives the
   element type declaration using the format defined in [REC-XML]. The
   "Value" field, where present, specifies further restrictions on the
   allowable contents of the XML element using BNF (i.e., to further
   restrict the values of a PCDATA element).  The "Extensibility" field


                           Expires Apr 2004                         65

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   discusses how the element may be extended in the future (or in
   existing extensions to WebDAV.

   All of the elements defined here may be extended by the addition of
   attributes and child elements not defined in this specification.

13.1    activelock XML Element

   Name:        activelock
   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: Describes a lock on a resource.
   Extensibility: MAY be extended with additional child elements or
            attributes which SHOULD be ignored if not recognized.

   <!ELEMENT activelock (lockscope, locktype, depth, owner?, timeout?,
   locktoken?, lockroot)>

13.2    depth XML Element

   Name:        depth
   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: The value of the Depth header.
   Value:   "0" | "1" | "infinity"
   Extensibility: MAY be extended with attributes which SHOULD be
            ignored.

   <!ELEMENT depth (#PCDATA) >

13.3    locktoken XML Element

   Name:    locktoken
   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: The lock token associated with a lock.
   Description: The href contains a single lock token URI which refers
            to the lock (i.e., the OpaqueLockToken-URI production in
            section 6.4).
   Extensibility: MAY be extended with additional child elements or
            attributes which SHOULD be ignored if not recognized.

   <!ELEMENT locktoken (href) >

13.4    lockroot XML Element

   Name:    lockroot
   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: Contains the root URL of the lock, which is the URL of the
            resource that was addressed in the LOCK request.

                           Expires Apr 2004                         66

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   Description: The href contains a URL with the address of the root of
            the lock. The server SHOULD include this in all
            lockdiscovery property values and the response to LOCK
            requests.
   Extensibility: MAY be extended with additional child elements or
            attributes which SHOULD be ignored if not recognized.

   <!ELEMENT lockroot (href) >

13.5    timeout XML Element

   Name:        timeout
   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: The number of seconds remaining before a lock expires.
   Value:   TimeType (defined in section 9.8).
   Extensibility: MAY be extended with attributes which SHOULD be
            ignored.

   <!ELEMENT timeout (#PCDATA) >

13.6    collection XML Element

   Name:    collection
   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: Identifies the associated resource as a collection. The
            resourcetype property of a collection resource MUST contain
            this element.  It is normally empty but extensions may add
            sub-elements.
   Extensibility: MAY be extended with child elements or attributes
            which SHOULD be ignored if not recognized.

   <!ELEMENT collection EMPTY >

13.7    href XML Element

   Name:    href
   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: Identifies the content of the element as a URI.
   Value:   URI (See section 3.2.1 of [RFC2616])
   Extensibility: MAY be extended with attributes which SHOULD be
            ignored.

   <!ELEMENT href (#PCDATA)>





                           Expires Apr 2004                         67

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

13.8    lockentry XML Element

   Name:    lockentry
   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: Defines the types of locks that can be used with the
            resource.
   Extensibility: MAY be extended with additional child elements or
            attributes which SHOULD be ignored if not recognized.

   <!ELEMENT lockentry (lockscope, locktype) >

13.9    lockinfo XML Element

   Name:    lockinfo
   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: The lockinfo XML element is used with a LOCK method to
            specify the type of lock the client wishes to have created.
   Extensibility: MAY be extended with additional child elements or
            attributes which SHOULD be ignored if not recognized.

   <!ELEMENT lockinfo (lockscope, locktype, owner?)  >

13.10   lockscope XML Element

   Name:    lockscope
   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: Specifies whether a lock is an exclusive lock, or a shared
            lock.
   Extensibility: SHOULD NOT be extended with child elements. MAY be
            extended with attributes which SHOULD be ignored.

   <!ELEMENT lockscope (exclusive | shared) >

13.11   exclusive XML Element

   Name:    exclusive
   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: Specifies an exclusive lock
   Extensibility: Normally empty, but MAY be extended with additional
            child elements or attributes which SHOULD be ignored if not
            recognized.

   <!ELEMENT exclusive EMPTY >

13.12   shared XML Element

   Name:    shared

                           Expires Apr 2004                         68

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: Specifies a shared lock
   Extensibility: Normally empty, but MAY be extended with additional
            child elements or attributes which SHOULD be ignored if not
            recognized.

   <!ELEMENT shared EMPTY >

13.13   locktype XML Element

   Name:    locktype
   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: Specifies the access type of a lock.  At present, this
            specification only defines one lock type, the write lock.
   Extensibility: MAY be extended with additional child elements or
            attributes which SHOULD be ignored if not recognized.

   <!ELEMENT locktype (write) >

13.14   write XML Element

   Name:    write
   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: Specifies a write lock.
   Extensibility: Normally empty, but MAY be extended with additional
            child elements or attributes which SHOULD be ignored if not
            recognized.

   <!ELEMENT write EMPTY >

13.15   multistatus XML Element

   Name:    multistatus
   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: Contains multiple response messages.
   Description:  The responsedescription at the top level is used to
            provide a general message describing the overarching nature
            of the response.  If this value is available an application
            may use it instead of presenting the individual response
            descriptions contained within the responses.
   Extensibility: MAY be extended with additional child elements or
            attributes which SHOULD be ignored if not recognized.

   <!ELEMENT multistatus (response+, responsedescription?)  >



                           Expires Apr 2004                         69

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

13.16   response XML Element

   Name:    response
   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: Holds a single response describing the effect of a method
            on resource and/or its properties.
   Description:         A particular href MUST NOT appear more than
            once as the child of a response XML element under a
            multistatus XML element.  This requirement is necessary in
            order to keep processing costs for a response to linear
            time.  Essentially, this prevents having to search in order
            to group together all the responses by href.  There are,
            however, no requirements regarding ordering based on href
            values.
   Extensibility: MAY be extended with additional child elements or
            attributes which SHOULD be ignored if not recognized.

   <!ELEMENT response (href, ((href*, status)|(propstat+)),
      responsedescription? , location?) >

13.17   propstat XML Element

   Name:    propstat
   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: Groups together a prop and status element that is
            associated with a particular href element.
   Description:         The propstat XML element MUST contain one prop
            XML element and one status XML element.  The contents of
            the prop XML element MUST only list the names of properties
            to which the result in the status element applies.
   Extensibility: MAY be extended with additional child elements or
            attributes which SHOULD be ignored if not recognized.

   <!ELEMENT propstat (prop, status, responsedescription?) >

13.18   status XML Element

   Name:    status
   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: Holds a single HTTP status-line
   Value:   status-line (status-line defined in [RFC2616])
   Extensibility: MAY be extended with attributes which SHOULD be
            ignored.

   <!ELEMENT status (#PCDATA) >


                           Expires Apr 2004                         70

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

13.19   responsedescription XML Element

   Name:    responsedescription
   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: Contains a message that can be displayed to the user
            explaining the nature of the response.
   Description: This XML element provides information suitable to be
            presented to a user.
   Extensibility: MAY be extended with attributes which SHOULD be
            ignored.

   <!ELEMENT responsedescription (#PCDATA) >

13.20   owner XML Element

   Name:    owner
   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: Provides information about the principal taking out a lock.
   Description: The owner XML element provides information sufficient
            for either directly contacting a principal (such as a
            telephone number or Email URI), or for discovering the
            principal (such as the URL of a homepage) who owns a lock.
            This information is provided by the client, and may only be
            altered by the server if the owner value provided by the
            client is empty.
   Extensibility: MAY be extended with child elements, mixed content,
            text content or attributes.  Structured content, for
            example one or more <href> child elements containing URLs,
            is RECOMMENDED.

13.21   prop XML element

   Name:    prop
   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: Contains properties related to a resource.
   Description:         The prop XML element is a generic container for
            properties defined on resources.  All elements inside a
            prop XML element MUST define properties related to the
            resource.  No other elements may be used inside of a prop
            element.
   Extensibility: MAY be extended with attributes which SHOULD be
            ignored if not recognized.  Any child element of this
            element must be considered to be a property name, however
            these are not restricted to the property names defined in
            this document or other standards.


                           Expires Apr 2004                         71

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

13.22   propertyupdate XML element

   Name:    propertyupdate
   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: Contains a request to alter the properties on a resource.
   Description:         This XML element is a container for the
            information required to modify the properties on the
            resource.  This XML element is multi-valued.
   Extensibility: MAY be extended with additional child elements or
            attributes which SHOULD be ignored if not recognized.

   <!ELEMENT propertyupdate (remove | set)+ >

13.23   remove XML element

   Name:    remove
   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: Lists the DAV properties to be removed from a resource.
   Description:         Remove instructs that the properties specified
            in prop should be removed.  Specifying the removal of a
            property that does not exist is not an error.  All the XML
            elements in a prop XML element inside of a remove XML
            element MUST be empty, as only the names of properties to
            be removed are required.
   Extensibility: MAY be extended with additional child elements or
            attributes which SHOULD be ignored if not recognized.

   <!ELEMENT remove (prop) >

13.24   set XML element

   Name:    set
   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: Lists the DAV property values to be set for a resource.
   Description: The set XML element MUST contain only a prop XML
            element.  The elements contained by the prop XML element
            inside the set XML element MUST specify the name and value
            of properties that are set on the resource identified by
            Request-URI.  If a property already exists then its value
            is replaced. Language tagging information appearing in the
            scope of the prop element (in the "xml:lang" attribute, if
            present) MUST be persistently stored along with the
            property, and MUST be subsequently retrievable using
            PROPFIND.
   Extensibility: MAY be extended with additional child elements or
            attributes which SHOULD be ignored if not recognized.

                           Expires Apr 2004                         72

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003


   <!ELEMENT set (prop) >

13.25   propfind XML Element

   Name:    propfind
   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: Specifies the properties to be returned from a PROPFIND
            method.  Four special elements are specified for use with
            propfind: prop, dead-props, allprop and propname.  If prop
            is used inside propfind it MUST NOT contain property
            values.
   Extensibility: MAY be extended with additional child elements or
            attributes which SHOULD be ignored if not recognized, as
            long as it still contains one of the required elements.

   <!ELEMENT propfind (prop | dead-props | propname | allprop) >

13.26   allprop XML Element

   Name:    allprop
   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: The allprop XML element specifies that all names and values
            of dead properties and the live properties defined by this
            document existing on the resource are to be returned.
   Extensibility: Normally empty, but MAY be extended with additional
            child elements or attributes which SHOULD be ignored if not
            recognized.

   <!ELEMENT allprop EMPTY >

13.27   propname XML Element

   Name:    propname
   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: The propname XML element specifies that only a list of
            property names on the resource is to be returned.
   Extensibility: Normally empty, but MAY be extended with additional
            child elements or attributes which SHOULD be ignored if not
            recognized.

   <!ELEMENT propname EMPTY >

13.28   dead-props XML Element

   Name:    dead-props


                           Expires Apr 2004                         73

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: The dead-props XML element specifies that all dead
            properties, names and values, should be returned in the
            response.
   Extensibility: Normally empty, but MAY be extended with additional
            child elements or attributes which SHOULD be ignored if not
            recognized.

   <!ELEMENT dead-props EMPTY >

13.29   location XML Element

   Name:    location
   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: In normal responses (not Multi-Status), some status codes
            go along with a Location header.  When these status codes
            are used in a Multi-Status response, this element is used
            instead.
   Description: Contains a single href element with the same URI that
            would be used in a Location header.
   Extensibility: MAY be extended with additional child elements or
            attributes which SHOULD be ignored if not recognized.

   <!ELEMENT (href) >

14 DAV Properties

   For DAV properties, the name of the property is also the same as the
   name of the XML element that contains its value. In the section
   below, the final line of each section gives the element type
   declaration using the format defined in [REC-XML]. The "Value"
   field, where present, specifies further restrictions on the
   allowable contents of the XML element using BNF (i.e., to further
   restrict the values of a PCDATA element).  Note that a resource may
   have only one value for a property of a given name, so the property
   may only show up once in PROPFIND responses or PROPPATCH requests.

   Some property values are calculated by the server and it is not
   appropriate to allow client changes, thus they are protected.
   Existing server implementations already have different sets of
   RFC2518 properties protected, but clients can have some expectations
   which properties are normally protected.  The value of a protected
   property may not be changed even by a user with permission to edit
   other properties.  The value of an unprotected property may be
   changed by some users with appropriate permissions.

14.1    creationdate Property


                           Expires Apr 2004                         74

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   Name:    creationdate
   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: Records the time and date the resource was created.
   Value:   date-time (defined in [RFC3339], see the ABNF in section
            5.6.)
   Protected: MAY be protected.  Some servers allow creationdate to be
            changed to reflect the time the document was created if
            that is more meaningful to the user (rather than the time
            it was uploaded).  Thus, clients SHOULD NOT use this
            property in synchronization logic (use getetag instead).
   COPY/MOVE behaviour: This property value SHOULD be kept during a
            MOVE operation, but is normally re-initialized when a
            resource is created with a COPY. It should not be set in a
            COPY.
   Description: The creationdate property should be defined on all DAV
            compliant resources.  If present, it contains a timestamp
            of the moment when the resource was created (i.e., the
            moment it had non-null state).
   Extensibility: MAY contain attributes which SHOULD be ignored if not
            recognized.

   <!ELEMENT creationdate (#PCDATA) >

14.2    displayname Property

   Name:    displayname
   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: Provides a name for the resource that is suitable for
            presentation to a user.
   Value: Any text
   Protected: Possibly
   COPY/MOVE behaviour: This property value SHOULD be preserved in
            local COPY and MOVE operations. It MAY be attempted to be
            set in a COPY operation to a remote server.
   Description:  The displayname property should be defined on all DAV
            compliant resources.  If present, the property contains a
            description of the resource that is suitable for
            presentation to a user.
   Extensibility: MAY contain attributes which SHOULD be ignored if not
            recognized.

   <!ELEMENT displayname (#PCDATA) >

14.3    getcontentlanguage Property



                           Expires Apr 2004                         75

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   Name:    getcontentlanguage
   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: Contains the Content-Language header returned by a GET
            without accept headers
   Value:   language-tag (language-tag is defined in section 14.13 of
            [RFC2616])
   Protected: SHOULD NOT be protected, so that clients can reset the
            language.
   COPY/MOVE behaviour: This property value SHOULD be preserved in
            local COPY and MOVE operations. It SHOULD be attempted to
            be set in a COPY operation to a remote server.
   Description: The getcontentlanguage property MUST be defined on any
            DAV compliant resource that returns the Content-Language
            header on a GET.
   Extensibility: MAY contain attributes which SHOULD be ignored if not
            recognized.

   <!ELEMENT getcontentlanguage (#PCDATA) >

14.4    getcontentlength Property

   Name:    getcontentlength
   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: Contains the Content-Length header returned by a GET
            without accept headers.
   Value:   content-length (see section 14.14 of [RFC2616])
   Protected: SHOULD be protected so clients cannot set to misleading
            values
   Description: The getcontentlength property MUST be defined on any
            DAV compliant resource that returns the Content-Length
            header in response to a GET.
   COPY/MOVE behaviour: This property value is dependent on the size of
            the destination resource, not the value of the property on
            the source resource.
   Extensibility: MAY contain attributes which SHOULD be ignored if not
            recognized.

   <!ELEMENT getcontentlength (#PCDATA) >

14.5    getcontenttype Property

   Name:    getcontenttype
   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: Contains the Content-Type header returned by a GET without
            accept headers.


                           Expires Apr 2004                         76

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   Value:   media-type (defined in section 3.7 of [RFC2616])
   Protected: SHOULD NOT be protected, so clients may fix this value
   COPY/MOVE behaviour: This property value SHOULD be preserved in
            local COPY and MOVE operations. In a remote COPY operation
            that is implemented through a PUT request, the PUT request
            must have the appropriate Content-Type header.
   Description:         This getcontenttype property MUST be defined on
            any DAV compliant resource that returns the Content-Type
            header in response to a GET.
   Extensibility: MAY contain attributes which SHOULD be ignored if not
            recognized.

   <!ELEMENT getcontenttype (#PCDATA) >

14.6    getetag Property

   Name:    getetag
   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: Contains the ETag header returned by a GET without accept
            headers.
   Value:   entity-tag  (defined in section 3.11 of [RFC2616])
   Protected: MUST be protected because this value is created and
            controlled by the server.
   COPY/MOVE behaviour: This property value is dependent on the final
            state of the destination resource, not the value of the
            property on the source resource.
   Description:         The getetag property MUST be defined on any DAV
            compliant resource that returns the Etag header.  Refer to
            RFC2616 for a complete definition of the semantics of an
            ETag.  Note that changes in properties or lock state MUST
            not cause a resource’s ETag to change.
   Extensibility: MAY contain attributes which SHOULD be ignored if not
            recognized.

   <!ELEMENT getetag (#PCDATA) >

14.7    getlastmodified Property

   Name:    getlastmodified
   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: Contains the Last-Modified header returned by a GET method
            without accept headers.
   Value:   HTTP-date  (defined in section 3.3.1 of [RFC2616])




                           Expires Apr 2004                         77

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   Protected: SHOULD be protected because some clients may rely on the
            value for appropriate caching behavior, or on the value of
            the Last-Modified header to which this property is linked.
   COPY/MOVE behaviour: This property value is dependent on the last
            modified date of the destination resource, not the value of
            the property on the source resource.  Note that some server
            implementations use the file system date modified value for
            the 'getlastmodified' value, and this is preserved in a
            MOVE even when the HTTP Last-Modified value SHOULD change.
            Thus, clients cannot rely on this value for caching and
            SHOULD use ETags.
   Description: Note that the last-modified date on a resource SHOULD
            only reflect changes in the body (the GET responses) of the
            resource.  A change in a property only SHOULD NOT cause the
            last-modified date to change, because clients MAY rely on
            the last-modified date to know when to overwrite the
            existing body. The getlastmodified property MUST be defined
            on any DAV compliant resource that returns the Last-
            Modified header in response to a GET.
   Extensibility: MAY contain attributes which SHOULD be ignored if not
            recognized.

   <!ELEMENT getlastmodified (#PCDATA) >

14.8    lockdiscovery Property

   Name:    lockdiscovery
   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: Describes the active locks on a resource
   Protected: MUST be protected.  Clients change the list of locks
            through LOCK and UNLOCK, not through PROPPATCH.
   COPY/MOVE behaviour: The value of this property depends on the lock
            state of the destination, not on the locks of the source
            resource.  Recall that locks are not moved in a MOVE
            operation.
   Description: The lockdiscovery property returns a listing of who has
            a lock, what type of lock he has, the timeout type and the
            time remaining on the timeout, and the associated lock
            token.  If there are no locks, but the server supports
            locks, the property will be present but contain zero
            ‘activelock’ elements.  If there is one or more lock, an
            ‘activelock’ element appears for each lock on the resource.
   Extensibility: MAY be extended with additional child elements or
            attributes which SHOULD be ignored if not recognized.


                           Expires Apr 2004                         78

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   <!ELEMENT lockdiscovery (activelock)* >

14.8.1  Example - Retrieving the lockdiscovery Property

   >>Request

     PROPFIND /container/ HTTP/1.1
     Host: www.example.com
     Content-Length: xxxx
     Content-Type: text/xml; charset="utf-8"

     <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
     <D:propfind xmlns:D='DAV:'>
      <D:prop><D:lockdiscovery/></D:prop>
     </D:propfind>

   >>Response

     HTTP/1.1 207 Multi-Status
     Content-Type: text/xml; charset="utf-8"
     Content-Length: xxxx

     <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
     <D:multistatus xmlns:D='DAV:'>
      <D:response>
        <D:href>http://www.example.com/container/</D:href>
        <D:propstat>
          <D:prop>
            <D:lockdiscovery>
             <D:activelock>
              <D:locktype><D:write/></D:locktype>
              <D:lockscope><D:exclusive/></D:lockscope>
              <D:depth>0</D:depth>
              <D:owner>Jane Smith</D:owner>
              <D:timeout>Infinite</D:timeout>
              <D:locktoken>
                <D:href>opaquelocktoken:f81de2ad-7f3d-a1b2-4f3c-
     00a0c91a9d76</D:href>
              </D:locktoken>
              <D:lockroot>
                <D:href>http://www.example.com/container/</D:href>
              </D:lockroot>
              </D:activelock>
            </D:lockdiscovery>
          </D:prop>


                           Expires Apr 2004                         79

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

          <D:status>HTTP/1.1 200 OK</D:status>
        </D:propstat>
      </D:response>
     </D:multistatus>

   This resource has a single exclusive write lock on it, with an
   infinite timeout.

14.9    resourcetype Property

   Name:    resourcetype
   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: Specifies the nature of the resource.
   Protected: SHOULD be protected. Resource type is generally decided
            through the operation creating the resource (MKCOL vs PUT),
            not by PROPPATCH.
   COPY/MOVE behaviour: Generally a COPY/MOVE of a resource results in
            the same type of resource at the destination. In a remote
            COPY, the source server SHOULD NOT attempt to set this
            property.
   Description: The resourcetype property MUST be defined on all DAV
            compliant resources.  The default value is empty.
   Extensibility: MAY be extended with any child elements or attributes
            which SHOULD be ignored if not recognized.  If the element
            contains the 'collection' child element plus additional
            unrecognized elements/attributes, it should generally be
            treated as a collection.  If the element contains no
            recognized child elements it should be treated as a non-
            collection WebDAV-compliant resource.

   Example: (fictional example to show extensibility)
            <x:resourcetype xmlns:x="DAV:">
                <x:collection/>
                <f:search-results xmlns:f="http://www.example.com/ns"/>
            </x:resourcetype>

14.10   supportedlock Property

   Name:    supportedlock
   Namespace:   DAV:
   Purpose: To provide a listing of the lock capabilities supported by
            the resource.
   Protected: MUST be protected. Servers determine what lock mechanisms
            are supported, not clients.



                           Expires Apr 2004                         80

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   COPY/MOVE behaviour: This property value is dependent on the kind of
            locks supported at the destination, not on the value of the
            property at the source resource. Servers attempting to COPY
            to a destination should not attempt to set this property at
            the destination.
   Description: The supportedlock property of a resource returns a
            listing of the combinations of scope and access types which
            may be specified in a lock request on the resource.  Note
            that the actual contents are themselves controlled by
            access controls so a server is not required to provide
            information the client is not authorized to see.
   Extensibility: MAY be extended with any child elements or attributes
            which SHOULD be ignored if not recognized.

   <!ELEMENT supportedlock (lockentry)* >

14.10.1 Example - Retrieving the supportedlock Property

   >>Request

     PROPFIND  /container/ HTTP/1.1
     Host: www.example.com
     Content-Length: xxxx
     Content-Type: text/xml; charset="utf-8"

     <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
     <D:propfind xmlns:D="DAV:">
      <D:prop><D:supportedlock/></D:prop>
     </D:propfind>

   >>Response

     HTTP/1.1 207 Multi-Status
     Content-Type: text/xml; charset="utf-8"
     Content-Length: xxxx

     <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
     <D:multistatus xmlns:D="DAV:">
      <D:response>
        <D:href>http://www.example.com/container/</D:href>
        <D:propstat>
          <D:prop>
            <D:supportedlock>
              <D:lockentry>
                <D:lockscope><D:exclusive/></D:lockscope>
                <D:locktype><D:write/></D:locktype>

                           Expires Apr 2004                         81

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

              </D:lockentry>
              <D:lockentry>
                <D:lockscope><D:shared/></D:lockscope>
                <D:locktype><D:write/></D:locktype>
              </D:lockentry>
            </D:supportedlock>
          </D:prop>
          <D:status>HTTP/1.1 200 OK</D:status>
        </D:propstat>
      </D:response>
     </D:multistatus>


15 Instructions for Processing XML in DAV

   All DAV compliant resources MUST ignore any unknown XML element and
   all its children encountered while processing a DAV method that uses
   XML as its command language.

   This restriction also applies to the processing, by clients, of DAV
   property values where unknown XML elements SHOULD be ignored unless
   the property's schema declares otherwise.

   This restriction does not apply to setting dead DAV properties on
   the server where the server MUST record unknown XML elements.

   Additionally, this restriction does not apply to the use of XML
   where XML happens to be the content type of the entity body, for
   example, when used as the body of a PUT.

   Since XML can be transported as text/xml or application/xml, a DAV
   server MUST accept DAV method requests with XML parameters
   transported as either text/xml or application/xml, and a DAV client
   MUST accept XML responses using either text/xml or application/xml.

   XML DTD fragments are included for all the XML elements defined in
   this specification. However, legal XML may not be valid according to
   any DTD due to namespace usage and extension rules, so the DTD is
   only informational.  A recipient of a WebDAV message with an XML
   body MUST NOT validate the XML document according to any hard-coded
   or dynamically-declared DTD.




16 DAV Compliance Classes

   A DAV compliant resource can advertise several classes of
   compliance.  A client can discover the compliance classes of a

                           Expires Apr 2004                         82

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   resource by executing OPTIONS on the resource, and examining the
   "DAV" header which is returned.  Note particularly that resources
   are spoken of as being compliant, rather than servers. That is
   because theoretically some resources on a server could support
   different feature sets.  E.g. a server could have a sub-repository
   where an advanced feature like server was supported, even if that
   feature was not supported on all servers.

   Since this document describes extensions to the HTTP/1.1 protocol,
   minimally all DAV compliant resources, clients, and proxies MUST be
   compliant with [RFC2616].

   A resource that is class 2 compliant must also be class 1 compliant,
   and a resource that is compliant with "bis" must also be class 1
   compliant.

16.1    Class 1

   A class 1 compliant resource MUST meet all "MUST" requirements in
   all sections of this document.

   Class 1 compliant resources MUST return, at minimum, the value "1"
   in the DAV header on all responses to the OPTIONS method.

16.2    Class 2

   A class 2 compliant resource MUST meet all class 1 requirements and
   support the LOCK method, the supportedlock property, the
   lockdiscovery property, the Time-Out response header and the Lock-
   Token request header.  A class "2" compliant resource SHOULD also
   support the Time-Out request header and the owner XML element.

   Class 2 compliant resources MUST return, at minimum, the values "1"
   and "2" in the DAV header on all responses to the OPTIONS method.

16.3    Class "bis"

   A resource can explicitly advertise its support for the revisions to
   RFC2518 made in this document. In particular, this allows clients to
   use the Force-Authentication header on requests.  Class 1 must be
   supported as well. Class 2 MAY be supported.

   A resource that supports bis MUST support:
    - the Force-Authentication header.
    - Any behavior that it supports, in the manner specified in this
   document, rather than in the manner specified in RFC2518, for all
   client requests.  A server MAY use an older behavior for specific
   clients that are discovered to have interoperability problems with
   the requirements of this specification, but MUST NOT use an older
   behavior indiscriminately.


                           Expires Apr 2004                         83

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   Example:

        DAV: 1, bis


17 Internationalization Considerations

   In the realm of internationalization, this specification complies
   with the IETF Character Set Policy [RFC2277]. In this specification,
   human-readable fields can be found either in the value of a
   property, or in an error message returned in a response entity body.
   In both cases, the human-readable content is encoded using XML,
   which has explicit provisions for character set tagging and
   encoding, and requires that XML processors read XML elements
   encoded, at minimum, using the UTF-8 [UTF-8] and UTF-16 encodings of
   the ISO 10646 multilingual plane.  XML examples in this
   specification demonstrate use of the charset parameter of the
   Content-Type header, as defined in [RFC2376], as well as the XML
   declarations which provide charset identification information for
   MIME and XML processors.

   XML also provides a language tagging capability for specifying the
   language of the contents of a particular XML element.  The
   "xml:lang" attribute appears on an XML element to identify the
   language of its content and attributes. See [REC-XML] for
   definitions of values and scoping.

   WebDAV applications MUST support the character set tagging,
   character set encoding, and the language tagging functionality of
   the XML specification.  Implementors of WebDAV applications are
   strongly encouraged to read "XML Media Types" [RFC2376] for
   instruction on which MIME media type to use for XML transport, and
   on use of the charset parameter of the Content-Type header.

   Names used within this specification fall into four categories:
   names of protocol elements such as methods and headers, names of XML
   elements, names of properties, and names of conditions.  Naming of
   protocol elements follows the precedent of HTTP, using English names
   encoded in USASCII for methods and headers.  Since these protocol
   elements are not visible to users, and are simply long token
   identifiers, they do not need to support multiple languages.
   Similarly, the names of XML elements used in this specification are
   not visible to the user and hence do not need to support multiple
   languages.

   WebDAV property names are qualified XML names (pairs of XML
   namespace name and local name).  Although some applications (e.g., a
   generic property viewer) will display property names directly to
   their users, it is expected that the typical application will use a
   fixed set of properties, and will provide a mapping from the
   property name and namespace to a human-readable field when

                           Expires Apr 2004                         84

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   displaying the property name to a user.  It is only in the case
   where the set of properties is not known ahead of time that an
   application need display a property name URI to a user. We recommend
   that applications provide human-readable property names wherever
   feasible.

   For error reporting, we follow the convention of HTTP/1.1 status
   codes, including with each status code a short, English description
   of the code (e.g., 423 (Locked)).  While the possibility exists that
   a poorly crafted user agent would display this message to a user,
   internationalized applications will ignore this message, and display
   an appropriate message in the user's language and character set.

   Since interoperation of clients and servers does not require locale
   information, this specification does not specify any mechanism for
   transmission of this information.


18 Security Considerations

   This section is provided to detail issues concerning security
   implications of which WebDAV applications need to be aware.

   All of the security considerations of HTTP/1.1 (discussed in
   [RFC2616]) and XML (discussed in [RFC2376]) also apply to WebDAV. In
   addition, the security risks inherent in remote authoring require
   stronger authentication technology, introduce several new privacy
   concerns, and may increase the hazards from poor server design.
   These issues are detailed below.


18.1    Authentication of Clients

   Due to their emphasis on authoring, WebDAV servers need to use
   authentication technology to protect not just access to a network
   resource, but the integrity of the resource as well.  Furthermore,
   the introduction of locking functionality requires support for
   authentication.

   A password sent in the clear over an insecure channel is an
   inadequate means for protecting the accessibility and integrity of a
   resource as the password may be intercepted.  Since Basic
   authentication for HTTP/1.1 performs essentially clear text
   transmission of a password, Basic authentication MUST NOT be used to
   authenticate a WebDAV client to a server unless the connection is
   secure. Furthermore, a WebDAV server MUST NOT send Basic
   authentication credentials in a WWW-Authenticate header unless the
   connection is secure.  Examples of secure connections include a
   Transport Layer Security (TLS) connection employing a strong cipher
   suite with mutual authentication of client and server, or a


                           Expires Apr 2004                         85

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   connection over a network which is physically secure, for example,
   an isolated network in a building with restricted access.

   WebDAV applications MUST support the Digest authentication scheme
   [RFC2069]. Since Digest authentication verifies that both parties to
   a communication know a shared secret, a password, without having to
   send that secret in the clear, Digest authentication avoids the
   security problems inherent in Basic authentication while providing a
   level of authentication which is useful in a wide range of
   scenarios.

18.2    Denial of Service

   Denial of service attacks are of special concern to WebDAV servers.
   WebDAV plus HTTP enables denial of service attacks on every part of
   a system's resources.

   The underlying storage can be attacked by PUTting extremely large
   files.

   Asking for recursive operations on large collections can attack
   processing time.

   Making multiple pipelined requests on multiple connections can
   attack network connections.

   WebDAV servers need to be aware of the possibility of a denial of
   service attack at all levels.

18.3    Security through Obscurity

   WebDAV provides, through the PROPFIND method, a mechanism for
   listing the member resources of a collection.  This greatly
   diminishes the effectiveness of security or privacy techniques that
   rely only on the difficulty of discovering the names of network
   resources.  Users of WebDAV servers are encouraged to use access
   control techniques to prevent unwanted access to resources, rather
   than depending on the relative obscurity of their resource names.

18.4    Privacy Issues Connected to Locks

   When submitting a lock request a user agent may also submit an owner
   XML field giving contact information for the person taking out the
   lock (for those cases where a person, rather than a robot, is taking
   out the lock). This contact information is stored in a lockdiscovery
   property on the resource, and can be used by other collaborators to
   begin negotiation over access to the resource.  However, in many
   cases this contact information can be very private, and should not
   be widely disseminated.  Servers SHOULD limit read access to the
   lockdiscovery property as appropriate.  Furthermore, user agents
   SHOULD provide control over whether contact information is sent at

                           Expires Apr 2004                         86

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   all, and if contact information is sent, control over exactly what
   information is sent.

18.5    Privacy Issues Connected to Properties

   Since property values are typically used to hold information such as
   the author of a document, there is the possibility that privacy
   concerns could arise stemming from widespread access to a resource's
   property data.  To reduce the risk of inadvertent release of private
   information via properties, servers are encouraged to develop access
   control mechanisms that separate read access to the resource body
   and read access to the resource's properties.  This allows a user to
   control the dissemination of their property data without overly
   restricting access to the resource's contents.


18.6    Implications of XML External Entities

   XML supports a facility known as "external entities", defined in
   section 4.2.2 of [REC-XML], which instruct an XML processor to
   retrieve and include additional XML. An external XML entity can be
   used to append or modify the document type declaration (DTD)
   associated with an XML document.  An external XML entity can also be
   used to include XML within the content of an XML document.  For non-
   validating XML, such as the XML used in this specification,
   including an external XML entity is not required by [REC-XML].
   However, [REC-XML] does state that an XML processor may, at its
   discretion, include the external XML entity.

   External XML entities have no inherent trustworthiness and are
   subject to all the attacks that are endemic to any HTTP GET request.
   Furthermore, it is possible for an external XML entity to modify the
   DTD, and hence affect the final form of an XML document, in the
   worst case significantly modifying its semantics, or exposing the
   XML processor to the security risks discussed in [RFC2376].
   Therefore, implementers must be aware that external XML entities
   should be treated as untrustworthy.  If a server implementor chooses
   not to handle external XML entities, it SHOULD respond to requests
   containing external entities with an error (403 Forbidden, with the
   'forbid-external-entities' element in the error body).

   There is also the scalability risk that would accompany a widely
   deployed application which made use of external XML entities.  In
   this situation, it is possible that there would be significant
   numbers of requests for one external XML entity, potentially
   overloading any server which fields requests for the resource
   containing the external XML entity.





                           Expires Apr 2004                         87

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

18.7    Risks Connected with Lock Tokens

   This specification, in section 6.4, requires the use of Universal
   Unique Identifiers (UUIDs) for lock tokens, in order to guarantee
   their uniqueness across space and time.  UUIDs, as defined in [ISO-
   11578], contain a "node" field which "consists of the IEEE address,
   usually the host address.  For systems with multiple IEEE 802 nodes,
   any available node address can be used."  Since a WebDAV server will
   issue many locks over its lifetime, the implication is that it will
   also be publicly exposing its IEEE 802 address.

   There are several risks associated with exposure of IEEE 802
   addresses.  Using the IEEE 802 address:

   * It is possible to track the movement of hardware from subnet to
   subnet.

   * It may be possible to identify the manufacturer of the hardware
   running a WebDAV server.

   * It may be possible to determine the number of each type of
   computer running WebDAV.
   Section 24.2 of this specification details an alternate mechanism
   for generating the "node" field of a UUID without using an IEEE 802
   address, which alleviates the risks associated with exposure of IEEE
   802 addresses by using an alternate source of uniqueness.


19 IANA Considerations

   This document defines two namespaces, the namespace of property
   names, and the namespace of WebDAV-specific XML elements used within
   property values.

   The use of XML namespaces means that unique WebDAV property names
   and XML elements can be quickly defined by any WebDAV user or
   application, without requiring IANA action.

   This specification defines a distinguished set of property names and
   XML elements that are understood by all WebDAV applications.  The
   property names and XML elements in this specification are all in the
   "DAV:" namespace. In natural language, a property like the
   "creationdate" property in the "DAV:" namespace is sometimes
   referred to as "DAV:creationdate" for brevity.

   This specification also defines a URI scheme for the encoding of
   lock tokens, the opaquelocktoken URI scheme described in section
   6.4.

   To ensure correct interoperation based on this specification, IANA
   must reserve the URI namespaces starting with "DAV:" and with

                           Expires Apr 2004                         88

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   "opaquelocktoken:" for use by this specification, its revisions, and
   related WebDAV specifications.


20 Intellectual Property

   The following notice is copied from RFC 2026 [RFC2026], section
   10.4, and describes the position of the IETF concerning intellectual
   property claims made against this document.

   The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any
   intellectual property or other rights that might be claimed to
   pertain to the implementation or use other technology described in
   this document or the extent to which any license under such rights
   might or might not be available; neither does it represent that it
   has made any effort to identify any such rights.  Information on the
   IETF's procedures with respect to rights in standards-track and
   standards-related documentation can be found in BCP-11.  Copies of
   claims of rights made available for publication and any assurances
   of licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made
   to obtain a general license or permission for the use of such
   proprietary rights by implementors or users of this specification
   can be obtained from the IETF Secretariat.

   The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any
   copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary
   rights which may cover technology that may be required to practice
   this standard.  Please address the information to the IETF Executive
   Director.


21 Acknowledgements

   A specification such as this thrives on piercing critical review and
   withers from apathetic neglect.  The authors gratefully acknowledge
   the contributions of the following people, whose insights were so
   valuable at every stage of our work.

   Contributors to RFC2518

   Terry Allen, Harald Alvestrand, Jim Amsden, Becky Anderson, Alan
   Babich, Sanford Barr, Dylan Barrell, Bernard Chester, Tim Berners-
   Lee, Dan Connolly, Jim Cunningham, Ron Daniel, Jr., Jim Davis, Keith
   Dawson, Mark Day, Brian Deen, Martin Duerst, David Durand, Lee
   Farrell, Chuck Fay, Wesley Felter, Roy Fielding, Mark Fisher, Alan
   Freier, George Florentine, Jim Gettys, Phill Hallam-Baker, Dennis
   Hamilton, Steve Henning, Mead Himelstein, Alex Hopmann, Andre van
   der Hoek, Ben Laurie, Paul Leach, Ora Lassila, Karen MacArthur,
   Steven Martin, Larry Masinter, Michael Mealling, Keith Moore, Thomas
   Narten, Henrik Nielsen, Kenji Ota, Bob Parker, Glenn Peterson, Jon
   Radoff, Saveen Reddy, Henry Sanders, Christopher Seiwald, Judith

                           Expires Apr 2004                         89

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   Slein, Mike Spreitzer, Einar Stefferud, Greg Stein, Ralph Swick,
   Kenji Takahashi, Richard N. Taylor, Robert Thau, John Turner, Sankar
   Virdhagriswaran, Fabio Vitali, Gregory Woodhouse, and Lauren Wood.

   Two from this list deserve special mention.  The contributions by
   Larry Masinter have been invaluable, both in helping the formation
   of the working group and in patiently coaching the authors along the
   way.  In so many ways he has set high standards we have toiled to
   meet. The contributions of Judith Slein in clarifying the
   requirements, and in patiently reviewing draft after draft, both
   improved this specification and expanded our minds on document
   management.

   We would also like to thank John Turner for developing the XML DTD.

   The authors of RFC2518 were Yaron Goland, Jim Whitehead, A. Faizi,
   Steve Carter and D. Jensen.  Although their names had to be removed
   due to IETF author count restrictions they can take credit for the
   majority of the design of WebDAV.

   Additional Contributors to This Specification

   Valuable contributions to RFC2518 bis came from some already named.
   New contributors must also be gratefully acknowledged. Julian
   Reschke, Geoff Clemm, Joel Soderberg, and Dan Brotsky hashed out
   specific text on the list or in meetings. Ilya Kirnos supplied text
   for Force-Authentication header.

























                           Expires Apr 2004                         90

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

22 References

22.1    Normative References


   [RFC2277] H. T. Alvestrand, "IETF Policy on Character Sets and
          Languages." RFC 2277, BCP 18, January 1998.

   [RFC2119] S. Bradner, "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
          Requirement Levels."  RFC 2119, BCP 14, March 1997.

   [RFC2396] T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding, L. Masinter, "Uniform
          Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax." RFC 2396, August
          1998.

   [REC-XML] T. Bray, J. Paoli, C. M. Sperberg-McQueen, "Extensible
          Markup Language (XML)." World Wide Web Consortium
          Recommendation REC-xml-20001006.
          http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-xml-20001006, February 1998.

   [REC-XML-NAMES] T. Bray, D. Hollander, A. Layman, "Name Spaces in
          XML" World Wide Web Consortium Recommendation REC-xml-names.
          http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names-19990114, January 1999.

   [RFC2069] J. Franks, P. Hallam-Baker, J. Hostetler, P. Leach, A.
          Luotonen, E. Sink, and L. Stewart. "An Extension to HTTP :
          Digest Access Authentication" RFC 2069, January 1997.

   [RFC2616] R. Fielding, J. Gettys, J. Mogul, H. Frystyk, L. Masinter,
          P. Leach, T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext Transfer Protocol --
          HTTP/1.1." RFC 2616, June 1999.


   [ISO-11578] ISO (International Organization for Standardization).
          ISO/IEC 11578:1996. "Information technology - Open Systems
          Interconnection - Remote Procedure Call (RPC)"

   [RFC2141] R. Moats, "URN Syntax." RFC 2141, May 1997.

   [RFC3339] G. Klyne, C. Newman, “Date and Time on the Internet:
          Timestamps.” RFC3339, July 2002.

   [UTF-8] F. Yergeau, "UTF-8, a transformation format of Unicode and
          ISO 10646." RFC 2279, January 1998.



                           Expires Apr 2004                         91

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

22.2    Informational References

   [RFC2026] S. Bradner, "The Internet Standards Process - Revision 3."
          RFC 2026, BCP 9, October 1996.

   [RFC1807] R. Lasher, D. Cohen, "A Format for Bibliographic Records,"
          RFC 1807, June 1995.

   [WF]   C. Lagoze, "The Warwick Framework: A Container Architecture
          for Diverse Sets of Metadata", D-Lib Magazine, July/August
          1996. http://www.dlib.org/dlib/july96/lagoze/07lagoze.html.

   [USMARC] Network Development and MARC Standards, Office, ed. 1994.
          "USMARC Format for Bibliographic Data", 1994. Washington, DC:
          Cataloging Distribution Service, Library of Congress.

   [REC-PICS] J. Miller, T. Krauskopf, P. Resnick, W. Treese, "PICS
          Label Distribution Label Syntax and Communication Protocols"
          Version 1.1, World Wide Web Consortium Recommendation REC-
          PICS-labels-961031. http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/TR/REC-PICS-
          labels-961031.html.

   [RFC2291] J. A. Slein, F. Vitali, E. J. Whitehead, Jr., D. Durand,
          "Requirements for Distributed Authoring and Versioning
          Protocol for the World Wide Web." RFC 2291, February 1998.

   [RFC2413] S. Weibel, J. Kunze, C. Lagoze, M. Wolf, "Dublin Core
          Metadata for Resource Discovery." RFC 2413, September 1998.

   [RFC2376] E. Whitehead, M. Murata, "XML Media Types." RFC 2376, July
          1998.

   [RFC2396] T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding, L. Masinter, "Uniform
          Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax." RFC 2396, August
          1998.

   [RFC3253]  G. Clemm, J. Amsden, T. Ellison, C. Kaler, J. Whitehead,
          "Versioning Extensions to WebDAV (Web Distributed Authoring
          and Versioning)", RFC 3253, March 2002.








                           Expires Apr 2004                         92

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

23 Authors' Addresses

   Editors of RFC2518

   Y. Y. Goland
   Microsoft Corporation
   One Microsoft Way
   Redmond, WA 98052-6399
   Email: yarong@microsoft.com

   E. J. Whitehead, Jr.
   Dept. Of Information and Computer Science
   University of California, Irvine
   Irvine, CA 92697-3425
   Email: ejw@ics.uci.edu

   A. Faizi
   Netscape
   685 East Middlefield Road
   Mountain View, CA 94043
   Email: asad@netscape.com

   S. R. Carter
   Novell
   1555 N. Technology Way
   M/S ORM F111
   Orem, UT 84097-2399
   Email: srcarter@novell.com

   D. Jensen
   Novell
   1555 N. Technology Way
   M/S ORM F111
   Orem, UT 84097-2399
   Email: dcjensen@novell.com

   Current Editors

   L. Dusseault
   Xythos Software, Inc.
   25 Maiden Lane, 6th floor
   San Francisco
   Email: lisa@xythos.com

   Jason L Crawford
   P.O.Box 704
   Yorktown Heights, NY 10598
   Phone: 914-784-7569
   Email: nnjason8451@smallcue.com



                           Expires Apr 2004                         93

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

24 Appendices


24.1    Appendix 1 - Notes on Processing XML Elements

24.1.1   Notes on Empty XML Elements

   XML supports two mechanisms for indicating that an XML element does
   not have any content.  The first is to declare an XML element of the
   form <A></A>.  The second is to declare an XML element of the form
   <A/>.  The two XML elements are semantically identical.


24.1.2   Notes on Illegal XML Processing

   XML is a flexible data format that makes it easy to submit data that
   appears legal but in fact is not.  The philosophy of "Be flexible in
   what you accept and strict in what you send" still applies, but it
   must not be applied inappropriately.  XML is extremely flexible in
   dealing with issues of white space, element ordering, inserting new
   elements, etc.  This flexibility does not require extension,
   especially not in the area of the meaning of elements.

   There is no kindness in accepting illegal combinations of XML
   elements.  At best it will cause an unwanted result and at worst it
   can cause real damage.

24.1.3  Example - XML Syntax Error

   The following request body for a PROPFIND method is illegal.

     <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
     <D:propfind xmlns:D="DAV:">
      <D:allprop/>
      <D:propname/>
     </D:propfind>

   The definition of the propfind element only allows for the allprop
   or the propname element, not both.  Thus the above is an error and
   must be responded to with a 400 (Bad Request).

   Imagine, however, that a server wanted to be "kind" and decided to
   pick the allprop element as the true element and respond to it.  A
   client running over a bandwidth limited line who intended to execute
   a propname would be in for a big surprise if the server treated the
   command as an allprop.

   Additionally, if a server were lenient and decided to reply to this
   request, the results would vary randomly from server to server, with
   some servers executing the allprop directive, and others executing

                           Expires Apr 2004                         94

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   the propname directive. This reduces interoperability rather than
   increasing it.

24.1.4  Example - Unknown XML Element

   The previous example was illegal because it contained two elements
   that were explicitly banned from appearing together in the propfind
   element.  However, XML is an extensible language, so one can imagine
   new elements being defined for use with propfind.  Below is the
   request body of a PROPFIND and, like the previous example, must be
   rejected with a 400 (Bad Request) by a server that does not
   understand the expired-props element.

     <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
     <D:propfind xmlns:D="DAV:"
     xmlns:E="http://www.example.com/standards/props/">
      <E:expired-props/>
     </D:propfind>

   To understand why a 400 (Bad Request) is returned let us look at the
   request body as the server unfamiliar with expired-props sees it.

     <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
     <D:propfind xmlns:D="DAV:"
                 xmlns:E="http://www.example.com/standards/props/">
     </D:propfind>

   As the server does not understand the expired-props element,
   according to the WebDAV-specific XML processing rules specified in
   section 15, it must ignore it.  Thus the server sees an empty
   propfind, which by the definition of the propfind element is
   illegal.

   Please note that had the extension been additive it would not
   necessarily have resulted in a 400 (Bad Request).  For example,
   imagine the following request body for a PROPFIND:

     <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
     <D:propfind xmlns:D="DAV:"
                 xmlns:E="http://www.example.com/standards/props/">
      <D:propname/>
      <E:leave-out>*boss*</E:leave-out>
     </D:propfind>

   The previous example contains the fictitious element leave-out. Its
   purpose is to prevent the return of any property whose name matches
   the submitted pattern.  If the previous example were submitted to a
   server unfamiliar with leave-out, the only result would be that the
   leave-out element would be ignored and a propname would be executed.

                           Expires Apr 2004                         95

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003


24.2    Appendix 2: UUID Node Generation

   UUIDs, as defined in [ISO-11578], contain a "node" field that
   contains one of the IEEE 802 addresses for the server machine.  As
   noted in section 18, there are several security risks associated
   with exposing a machine's IEEE 802 address. This section provides an
   alternate mechanism for generating the "node" field of a UUID which
   does not employ an IEEE 802 address.  WebDAV servers MAY use this
   algorithm for creating the node field when generating UUIDs.  The
   text in this section is originally from an Internet-Draft by Paul
   Leach and Rich Salz, who are noted here to properly attribute their
   work.

   The ideal solution is to obtain a 47 bit cryptographic quality
   random number, and use it as the low 47 bits of the node ID, with
   the most significant bit of the first octet of the node ID set to 1.
   This bit is the unicast/multicast bit, which will never be set in
   IEEE 802 addresses obtained from network cards; hence, there can
   never be a conflict between UUIDs generated by machines with and
   without network cards.

   If a system does not have a primitive to generate cryptographic
   quality random numbers, then in most systems there are usually a
   fairly large number of sources of randomness available from which
   one can be generated. Such sources are system specific, but often
   include:

     - the percent of memory in use
     - the size of main memory in bytes
     - the amount of free main memory in bytes
     - the size of the paging or swap file in bytes
     - free bytes of paging or swap file
     - the total size of user virtual address space in bytes
     - the total available user address space bytes
     - the size of boot disk drive in bytes
     - the free disk space on boot drive in bytes
     - the current time
     - the amount of time since the system booted
     - the individual sizes of files in various system directories
     - the creation, last read, and modification times of files in
       various system directories
     - the utilization factors of various system resources (heap, etc.)
     - current mouse cursor position
     - current caret position
     - current number of running processes, threads
     - handles or IDs of the desktop window and the active window
     - the value of stack pointer of the caller
     - the process and thread ID of caller
     - various processor architecture specific performance counters
       (instructions executed, cache misses, TLB misses)

                           Expires Apr 2004                         96

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003


   (Note that it is precisely the above kinds of sources of randomness
   that are used to seed cryptographic quality random number generators
   on systems without special hardware for their construction.)

   In addition, items such as the computer's name and the name of the
   operating system, while not strictly speaking random, will help
   differentiate the results from those obtained by other systems.

   The exact algorithm to generate a node ID using these data is system
   specific, because both the data available and the functions to
   obtain them are often very system specific. However, assuming that
   one can concatenate all the values from the randomness sources into
   a buffer, and that a cryptographic hash function such as MD5 is
   available, then any 6 bytes of the MD5 hash of the buffer, with the
   multicast bit (the high bit of the first byte) set will be an
   appropriately random node ID.

   Other hash functions, such as SHA-1, can also be used. The only
   requirement is that the result be suitably random _ in the sense
   that the outputs from a set uniformly distributed inputs are
   themselves uniformly distributed, and that a single bit change in
   the input can be expected to cause half of the output bits to
   change.


25 Full Copyright Statement

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1999).  All Rights Reserved.

   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
   and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
   kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph
   are included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
   document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
   Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
   developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
   copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
   followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
   English.

   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
   revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.

   This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
   "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
   TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
   BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION

                           Expires Apr 2004                         97

                         WebDAV (RFC2518) bis             October 2003

   HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.


















































                           Expires Apr 2004                         98