XCON Working Group                                             M. Barnes
Internet-Draft                                                    Nortel
Intended status: Standards Track                              C. Boulton
Expires: January 14, 2010                                NS-Technologies
                                                             S P. Romano
                                                    University of Napoli
                                                          H. Schulzrinne
                                                     Columbia University
                                                           July 13, 2009


             Centralized Conferencing Manipulation Protocol
                        draft-ietf-xcon-ccmp-03

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Abstract

   The Centralized Conferencing Manipulation Protocol (CCMP) can create,
   retrieve, change and delete objects describing a centralized
   conference, such as state and capabilities of the conference,
   participants, and their roles.  The conference information is
   contained in XML documents and fragments conforming to the
   centralized conferencing data model schema.  CCMP is a state-less
   client-server protocol based on a request/response model.
   Conferencing clients send requests to conference servers, which
   respond to the client with the conference information.


Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   2.  Conventions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
   3.  Terminology  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
   4.  Protocol Overview  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
   5.  System Architecture  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
   6.  Conference Object and User Identifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
     6.1.  Conference Object  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
     6.2.  Conference Users and Participants  . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
   7.  Protocol Operations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
     7.1.  Implementation Approach  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
     7.2.  CCMP protocol messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
       7.2.1.  CCMP Request Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
       7.2.2.  CCMP Response Message  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
         7.2.2.1.  CCMP Response Codes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
       7.2.3.  Detailed CCMP Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
         7.2.3.1.  blueprintsRequest and blueprintsResponse
                   messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
         7.2.3.2.  confsRequest and confsResponse messages  . . . . . 25
         7.2.3.3.  blueprintRequest and blueprintResponse messages  . 26
         7.2.3.4.  confRequest and confResponse messages  . . . . . . 28
         7.2.3.5.  usersRequest and usersResponse messages  . . . . . 31
         7.2.3.6.  userRequest and userResponse messages  . . . . . . 34
         7.2.3.7.  sidebarsByValRequest and sidebarsByValResponse
                   messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
         7.2.3.8.  sidebarByValRequest and sidebarByValResponse
                   messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
         7.2.3.9.  sidebarsByRefRequest and sidebarsByRefResponse
                   messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
         7.2.3.10. sidebarByRefRequest and sidebarByRefResponse
                   messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
   8.  A complete example of the CCMP in action . . . . . . . . . . . 50
     8.1.  Alice retrieves the available blueprints . . . . . . . . . 50
     8.2.  Alice gets detailed information about a specific



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           blueprint  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
     8.3.  Alice creates a new conference through a cloning
           operation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
     8.4.  Alice updates conference information . . . . . . . . . . . 57
     8.5.  Alice inserts a list of users in the conference object . . 59
     8.6.  Alice joins the conference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
     8.7.  Alice adds a new user to the conference  . . . . . . . . . 63
   9.  Locating a Conference Control Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
   10. Managing Notifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
   11. HTTP Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
   12. Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
     12.1. Assuring that the Proper Conferencing Server has been
           contacted  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
     12.2. User Authentication and Authorization  . . . . . . . . . . 72
     12.3. Security and Privacy of Identity . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
   13. XML Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
   14. IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
     14.1. URN Sub-Namespace Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
     14.2. XML Schema Registration  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
     14.3. MIME Media Type Registration for 'application/ccmp+xml'  . 86
     14.4. DNS Registrations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
       14.4.1. Registration of a Location Server Application
               Service Tag  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
       14.4.2. Registration of a Location Server Application
               Protocol Tag for HELD  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
     14.5. CCMP Protocol Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
       14.5.1. CCMP Message Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
       14.5.2. CCMP Response Codes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
   15. Acknowledgments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
   16. Changes since last Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
   17. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
     17.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
     17.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
   Appendix A.  Appendix A: Other protocol models and transports
                considered for CCMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
     A.1.  Using SOAP for the CCMP  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
     A.2.  A RESTful approach for the CCMP  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99













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1.  Introduction

   The Framework for Centralized Conferencing [RFC5239] (XCON Framework)
   defines a signaling-agnostic framework, naming conventions and
   logical entities required for building advanced conferencing systems.
   The XCON Framework introduces the conference object as a logical
   representation of a conference instance, representing the current
   state and capabilities of a conference.

   The Centralized Conferencing Manipulation Protocol (CCMP) defined in
   this document allows authenticated and authorized users to create,
   manipulate and delete conference objects.  Operations on conferences
   include adding and removing participants, changing their roles, as
   well as adding and removing media streams and associated end points.

   The CCMP implements the client-server model within the XCON
   Framework, with the conferencing client and conference control server
   acting as client and server, respectively.  The CCMP uses HTTP
   [RFC2616] as the protocol to transfer the CCMP requests and
   responses, which contain the domain-specific XML-encoded data objects
   defined in the Conference Information Data Model for Centralized
   Conferencing (XCON Data Model) [I-D.ietf-xcon-common-data-model].
   Other protocol models such as the use of a REST (REpresentational
   State Transfer) architectural style [REST] were considered.  However,
   the CCMP is a request/response protocol with new or updated data
   relevant to the specific conference object returned in the response.
   Whereas, a REST approach involves singular/monolithic operations on
   data, with the response typically indicating either success or
   failure, rather than providing updated data based on a specific
   operation, thus, it was not considered a good choice.  Details of the
   use of REST for the CCMP, as well as other protocols considered
   (e.g., SOAP) are provided in Appendix A.

   Section 4 provides an overview of the design of the CCMP, followed by
   the system architecture in Section 5.  Section 6 discusses the
   primary keys in the conference object carried in the protocol.  An
   overview of the operations associated with each protocol request and
   response is provided in Section 7.  A complete example of the
   operation of the CCMP, describing a typical call flow associated with
   conference creation and manipulation, is provided in Section 8.
   Section 13 provides the XML schema.










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2.  Conventions

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].














































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3.  Terminology

   In additon to the terms defined in the Framework for Centralized
   Conferencing [RFC5239], this document uses the following terms and
   acronyms:

   CRUD:  CRUD stands for Create/Read/Update/Delete and indicates a
      design pattern supporting creating, retrieving, updating and
      destroying objects.

   REST:  REpresentational State Transfer (REST) is an architectural
      style, i.e., a coordinated set of architectural constraints.  REST
      is based on the consideration that a software architecture can
      often be specified as an appropriate configuration of components,
      data and connectors, all coordinated through constraining their
      mutual relationships.  Coordination and constraints help achieve a
      desired set of architectural properties.  [REST]

   SOAP:  Simple Object Access Protocol defined in
      [W3C.REC-soap12-part1-20030624] and
      [W3C.REC-soap12-part2-20030624].






























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4.  Protocol Overview

   This document specifies the basic operations that can create,
   retrieve, modify and delete conference-related information in a
   centralized conference.  The core set of objects manipulated in the
   CCMP protocol described in this document includes conference
   blueprints, the conference object, users, and sidebars.

   Each operation in the protocol model is atomic and either succeeds or
   fails as a whole.  The conference server MUST ensure that the
   operations are atomic in that the operation invoked by a specific
   conference client completes prior to another client's operation on
   the same conference object.  The details for this data locking
   functionality are out of scope for the CCMP protocol specification
   and are implementation specific for a conference server.  Thus, the
   conference server first checks all the parameters, before making any
   changes to the internal representation of the conference object.  For
   example, it would be undesirable to change the <subject> of the
   conference, but then detect an invalid URI in one of the <service-
   uris> and abort the remaining updates.  Also, since multiple clients
   can modify the same conference objects, conference clients SHOULD
   first obtain the current object from the conference server and then
   update the relevant data elements in the conference object prior to
   invoking a specific operation on the conference server.  In some
   cases, the data changes are not fully applied, since a previous
   operation by another conference client may have altered some of the
   data.  Where appropriate (i.e., depending upon the specific data and
   policies), the conference server SHOULD indicate that the data has
   been modified and return the current conference object to the client.
   For example, one conferencing client may add a new user to the
   conference object.  Thus, a subsequent request by another
   conferencing client should provide a conference object containing
   this new user.

   It is likely that implementations and future standardization work
   will add more conference attributes and parameters.  There are three
   types of extensions.  The first and simplest type of extension adds
   elements to the overall conference description, media descriptions or
   descriptions of users.  The XML namespace mechanism makes such
   extensions relatively easy, although implementations still have to
   deal with companion implementations that may not understand the new
   namespaces.  The CCMP "blueprintsRequest" message allows clients to
   determine the capabilities of a specific server, reflected by the
   specific blueprints supported by that server.

   A second type of extension replaces the conference, user or media
   objects with completely new schema definitions, i.e., the namespaces
   for these objects themselves differ from the basic one defined in



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   this document.  As long as the blueprintsRequest message remains
   available and keeps to a mutually-understood definition, a compatible
   client and server will be able to bootstrap themselves into using
   these new objects.

   Finally, it is conceivable that new object types are needed beyond
   the core conference, user and media objects and their children.
   These would also be introduced by namespaces and new URIs.











































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5.  System Architecture

   CCMP supports the XCON framework .  Figure 1 depicts a subset of the
   'Conferencing System Logical Decomposition' architecture from the
   XCON framework document.  It illustrates the role that CCMP assumes
   within the overall centralized architecture.


   ........................................................
   .  Conferencing System                                 .
   .                                                      .
   .        +---------------------------------------+     .
   .        |   C O N F E R E N C E   O B J E C T   |     .
   .      +-+-------------------------------------+ |     .
   .      |   C O N F E R E N C E   O B J E C T   | |     .
   .    +-+-------------------------------------+ | |     .
   .    |   C O N F E R E N C E   O B J E C T   | | |     .
   .    |                                       | | |     .
   .    |                                       | |-+     .
   .    |                                       |-+       .
   .    +---------------------------------------+         .
   .                        ^                             .
   .                        |                             .
   .                        v                             .
   .               +-------------------+                  .
   .               | Conference Control|                  .
   .               | Server            |                  .
   .               +-------------------+                  .
   .                        ^                             .
   .........................|..............................
                            |
                            |Conference
                            |Control
                            |Manipulation
                            |Protocol
                            |
   .........................|..............................
   .                        V                             .
   .                +----------------+                    .
   .                | Conference     |                    .
   .                | Control        |                    .
   .                | Client         |                    .
   .                +----------------+                    .
   .                                                      .
   .  Conferencing Client                                 .
   ........................................................





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                  Figure 1: Conference Client Interaction

   CCMP serves as the Conference Control Protocol, allowing the
   conference control client to interface with the conference object
   maintained by the conferencing system, as represented in Figure 1.
   Conference Control is one part of functionality for advanced
   conferencing supported by a conferencing client.  Other functions are
   discussed in the XCON framework and related documents.











































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6.  Conference Object and User Identifiers

   This section provides an overview of the conference object and
   conference users which are key protocol elements for creating the
   CCMP requests and responses.  The identifiers used in CCMP for the
   conference object (XCON-URI) and conference user (XCON-USERID) are
   introduced in the XCON framework and defined in the XCON data model
   [I-D.ietf-xcon-common-data-model].

6.1.  Conference Object

   Conference objects feature a simple dynamic inheritance-and-override
   mechanism.  Conference objects are linked into a tree, where each
   tree node inherits attributes from its parent node.  The roots of
   these inheritance trees are also known as "blueprints".  Nodes in the
   inheritance tree can be active conferences or simply descriptions
   that do not currently have any resources associated with them.  An
   object can mark certain of its properties as unalterable, so that
   they cannot be overridden.

   The schema for the conference object is defined in the XCON data
   model.  Conference objects are uniquely identified by the XCON-URI.
   A client MAY specify a parent element that indicates the parent from
   which the conference is to inherit values.  When creating
   conferences, the XCON-URI included by the client is only a
   suggestion.  To avoid identifier collisions and to conform to local
   server policy, the conference control server MAY choose a different
   identifier.

6.2.  Conference Users and Participants

   Each conference can have zero or more users.  All conference
   participants are users, but some users may have only administrative
   functions and do not contribute or receive media.  Users are added
   one user at a time to simplify error reporting.  Users are inherited
   as well, so that it is easy to set up a conference that has the same
   set of participants or a common administrator.  The Conference
   Control Server creates individual users, assigning them a unique
   Conference User Identifier (XCON-USERID).

   A variety of elements defined in the common <conference-info> element
   as specified in the XCON data model are used to determine how a
   specific user expects and is allowed to join a conference as a
   participant or as a user with specific privileges (e.g., observer).
   For example, the <method> attribute defines how the caller joins the
   conference, with a set of defined XML elements, namely <dial-in> for
   users that are allowed to dial in and <dial-out> for users that the
   conference focus will be trying to reach. <dial-in> is the default.



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   If the conference is currently active, dial-out users are contacted
   immediately; otherwise, they are contacted at the start of the
   conference.  The conference control server assigns a unique
   Conference User Identifier (XCON-USERID) to each user.  The
   conference control server uses the XCON-USERID to change or delete
   <user> elements.  Depending upon policies and privileges, specific
   users MAY also manipulate <user> elements.

   In many conferences, users can dial in if they know the XCON-URI and
   an access code shared by all conference participants.  In this case,
   the system is typically not aware of the call signaling URL.  Thus,
   the initial <user> element does not have an entity attribute and the
   default type of <dial-in> is used to support this type of user.  For
   this case, the server assigns a locally-unique URI, such as a
   locally-scoped tel URI [RFC3966].  The conference control server
   assigns a unique Conference User Identifier (XCON-USERID) to these
   users when they dial-in to join the conference.  If the user supports
   the notification event package [I-D.ietf-xcon-event-package], they
   can receive their XCON-USERID, thus allowing them to also manipulate
   the <user> attribute, including the entity attribute, in the
   conference object.






























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7.  Protocol Operations

   CCMP is a client-server, XML-based, stateless protocol, which has
   been specifically conceived to provide users with the necessary means
   for the creation, retrieval, modification and deletion of conference
   objects.  Conference-related information is encapsulated into CCMP
   messages in the form of documents or document fragments compliant
   with the XCON data model representation.

   The main operations provided by CCMP belong in four general
   categories:

   create:  for the creation of a conference, a conference user, a
      sidebar, or a blueprint.

   retrieve:  to get information about the current state of either a
      conference object (be it an actual conference or a blueprint, or a
      sidebar) or a conference user.  A retrieve operation can also be
      used to obtain the XCON-URIs of the active conferences and/or
      blueprints available at the server.

   update:  to modify the current features of a specified conference or
      conference user.

   delete:  to remove from the system a conference object or a
      conference user.

   Thus, the main targets of CCMP operations are:

   o  conference objects associated with either active or registered
      conferences,

   o  conference objects associated with blueprints,

   o  conference objects associated with sidebars, both embedded in the
      main conference (i.e. <sidebars-by-value> elements) and external
      to it (i.e. <sidebars-by-ref> elements),

   o  <user> elements associated with conference users,

   o  the list of XCON-URIs related to conferences and blueprints
      available at the server, for which only retrieval operations are
      allowed.








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7.1.  Implementation Approach

   There have been a number of different proposals as to the most
   suitable implementation solution for the CCMP.  A non-exhaustive
   summary of the most interesting ones is provided in Appendix A.  The
   solution for the CCMP defined in this document is viewed as a good
   compromise amongst the most notable past candidates and is referred
   to as 'HTTP transport plus CCMP body'.  With this approach, CCMP is
   able to take advantage of existing HTTP functionality.  As with SOAP,
   the CCMP uses a 'single HTTP verb' for transport (i.e. a single
   transaction type for each request/response pair); this allows
   decoupling CCMP messages from HTTP messages.  Similarly, as with any
   RESTful approach, CCMP messages are inserted directly in the body of
   HTTP messages, thus avoiding any unnecessary processing and
   communication burden associated with further intermediaries.  With
   this approach, no modification to the CCMP messages/operations is
   required to use a different transport protocol.

   The remainder of this document focuses on the selected approach.  The
   CCMP protocol inserts XML-based CCMP requests into the body of HTTP
   POST operations and retrieves responses from the body of HTTP '200
   OK' messages.  CCMP messages have a MIME-type of "application/
   ccmp+xml", which appears inside the "Content-Type" and "Accept"
   fields of HTTP requests and responses.  Section 11 provides the
   complete requirements for an HTTP implementation to support the CCMP.

7.2.  CCMP protocol messages

   CCMP messages are either requests or responses.  The general CCMP
   request message is defined in Section 7.2.1.  The general CCMP
   response message is defined in Section 7.2.2.  The details of the
   specific message type which is carried in the CCMP request and
   response messages are described in Section 7.2.3.

7.2.1.  CCMP Request Message

   A CCMP request message is comprised of the following parameters:

   confUserId:  An optional parameter containing the XCON-USERID of the
      client.  The "confUserID" parameter is used to determine if the
      conference control client has the authority to perform the
      operation, as well as other Authorization, Authentication and
      Accounting (AAA) procedures.  The attribute is required in the
      CCMP request and response messages with the exception of the case
      of a user who has no XCON-USERID and who wants to enter, via CCMP,
      a conference whose identifier is known.  In such case, a side-
      effect of the request is that the user is provided with an
      appropriate XCON-USERID.  An example of the above mentioned case



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      will be provided in Section 7.2.3.6.

   confObjId:  An optional parameter containing the XCON-URI of the
      target conference object.

   operation:  An optional parameter refining the type of specialized
      request message.  The "operation" parameter is REQUIRED in all
      requests except for the "blueprintsRequest" and "confsRequest"
      specialized messages.

   password:  An optional parameter that MUST be inserted in all
      requests whose target conference object is password-protected (as
      per the <conference-password> element in
      [I-D.ietf-xcon-common-data-model]).

   specialized request message:  This is specialization of the generic
      request message (e.g., blueprintsRequest), containing parameters
      that are dependent on the specific request sent to the server.  A
      specialized response message MUST be included in the CCMP request
      message.  The details for the specialized messages and associated
      parameters are provided in Section 7.2.3.






























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   <xs:element name="ccmpRequest" type="ccmp-request-type" />

   <!-- CCMP request definition -->

   <xs:complexType name="ccmp-request-type">
           <xs:sequence>
                   <xs:element name="ccmpRequest"
                           type="ccmp-request-message-type" />
           </xs:sequence>
   </xs:complexType>

           <!--  Definition of ccmp-request-message-type -->

    <xs:complexType abstract="true"
           name="ccmp-request-message-type">
     <xs:sequence>
      <xs:element name="confUserID" type="xs:string"
            minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />
      <xs:element name="confObjID" type="xs:string"
            minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />
            <xs:element name="operation" type="operationType"
            minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />
      <xs:element name="password" type="xs:string"
                        minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />
      </xs:sequence>
    </xs:complexType>



               Figure 2: Structure of CCMP Request messages

7.2.2.  CCMP Response Message

   A CCMP response message is comprised of the following parameters:

   confUserId:  A mandatory parameter in CCMP response messages
      containing the XCON-USERID of the conferencing client who issued
      the CCMP request message.

   confObjId:  An optional parameter containing the XCON-URI of the
      target conference object.

   operation:  An optional parameter for CCMP response messages.  This
      parameter is REQUIRED in all responses except for the
      "blueprintsResponse" and "confsResponse" specialized messages.






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   responseCode:  A mandatory parameter containing the response code
      associated with the request.  The response code MUST be chosen
      from the codes listed in Section 7.2.2.1.

   specialized response message:  This is specialization of the generic
      response message, containing parameters that are dependent on the
      specific request sent to the server (e.g., blueprintsResponse).  A
      specialized request message SHOULD be included in the CCMP
      response message, except in an error situation where the CCMP
      request message did not contain a valid specialized message.  In
      this case, the conference server MUST return a responseCode of
      "badRequest".  The details for the specialized messages and
      associated parameters are provided in Section 7.2.3.




   <xs:element name="ccmpResponse" type="ccmp-response-type" />

   <!-- CCMP response definition -->

   <xs:complexType name="ccmp-response-type">
           <xs:sequence>
                   <xs:element name="ccmpResponse"
                           type="ccmp-response-message-type" />
           </xs:sequence>
   </xs:complexType>

    <!--  Definition of ccmp-response-message-type -->

   <xs:complexType abstract="true"
           name="ccmp-response-message-type">
           <xs:sequence>
                   <xs:element name="confUserID" type="xs:string"
                           minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" />
                   <xs:element name="confObjID" type="xs:string"
                           minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />
                   <xs:element name="operation" minOccurs="0"
                           maxOccurs="1" />
                   <xs:element ref="response-code" minOccurs="1"
                           maxOccurs="1" />
           </xs:sequence>
   </xs:complexType>


               Figure 3: Structure of CCMP Response message





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7.2.2.1.  CCMP Response Codes

   All CCMP response messages MUST include a "responseCode".  The
   following summarizes the CCMP response codes:

   success:  Successful completion of the requested operation.

   modified:  Successful completion of the requested operation, with
      partial data returned in the confObjID having been modified from
      the data included in the confObjID included request, either for a
      "create" or a "change" operation

   badRequest:  Syntactically malformed request

   objectNotFound:  Target conference object missing at the server (it
      refers to the 'confObjId' parameter in the generic request
      message)

   userNotFound:  Target user missing at the server (it is related to
      the XCON-USERID in the 'entity' attribute of the 'userInfo'
      parameter when it is included in userRequests)

   invalidConfUserID:  User missing at the server (this code is returned
      in the case of requests in which the 'confUserID' of the sender is
      invalid).

   invalidPassword:  Target conference object's password contained in
      the request is wrong.

   passwordRequired:  Conference password missing in a request to access
      a password-protected conference object.

   unauthorized:  User not allowed to perform the required operation

   forbidden:  Operation not allowed (e.g., cancellation of a blueprint)

   forbiddenDeleteParent:  Cancel operation failed since the target
      object is a parent of child objects which depend on it, or because
      it effects, based on the 'parent-enforceable' mechanism, the
      corresponding element in a child object

   forbiddenChangeProtected:  Update refused by the server because the
      target element cannot be modified due to its implicit dependence
      on the value of a parent object ('parent-enforceable' mechanism)







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   requestTimeout:  The time required to serve the request has exceeded
      the envisaged service threshold

   serverInternalError:  The server cannot complete the required service
      due to a system internal error

   notImplemented:  Operation envisaged in the protocol, but not
      implemented in the contacted server.

   The handling of a responseCode of 'modified', 'objectNotFound',
   'userNotFound', 'deleteParentFailed' and 'changeFailedProtected' are
   only applicable to specific operations for specialized message
   responses and the details are provided in Section 7.2.3.  The
   following table summarizes these responseCodes and the specialized
   message and operation to which they are applicable:

   +---------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
   | Response code | Create     | Retrieve   | Update     | Delete     |
   +---------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
   | Modified      | All create | N/A        | All update | N/A        |
   |               | requests   |            | requests   |            |
   |               |            |            |            |            |
   | ------------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- |
   |               |            |            |            |            |
   | objectNotFoun | userReques | All        | All update | All delete |
   | d             | t,         | retrieve   | requests   | requests   |
   |               |  sidebarBy | requests,  |            |            |
   |               | ValRequest | EXCEPT:    |            |            |
   |               |   sidebars | blueprints |            |            |
   |               | ByRefReque | Request,   |            |            |
   |               | st         |  confsRequ |            |            |
   |               |            | est        |            |            |
   |               |            |            |            |            |
   | ------------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- |
   |               |            |            |            |            |
   | userNotFound  | userReques | userReques | userReques | userReques |
   |               | t(3rd part | t          | t          | t          |
   |               | yinvite    |            |            |            |
   |               |  with thir |            |            |            |
   |               | duser      |            |            |            |
   |               |  entity)   |            |            |            |
   |               |  (*)       |            |            |            |
   |               |            |            |            |            |
   | ------------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- |
   |               |            |            |            |            |






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   | invalidConfUs | All create | All        | All update | All delete |
   | erID          | requests,  | retrieve   | requests   | requests   |
   |               | EXCEPT:    | requests   |            |            |
   |               | userReques |            |            |            |
   |               | twith no   |            |            |            |
   |               |  confUserI |            |            |            |
   |               | D(**)      |            |            |            |
   |               |            |            |            |            |
   | ------------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- |
   |               |            |            |            |            |
   | forbiddenDele | N/A        | N/A        | N/A        | All delete |
   | teParent      |            |            |            | request    |
   |               |            |            |            |            |
   | ------------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- |
   |               |            |            |            |            |
   | forbiddenChan | N/A        | N/A        | All update | N/A        |
   | geProtected   |            |            | requests   |            |
   +---------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+

             Table 1: Response codes and associated operations

   (*) 'userNotFound' in answer to a 'userRequest/create' operation: in
   the case of a third-party invite, this code can be returned if the
   'confUserId' (contained in the 'entity' attribute of the 'userInfo'
   parameter) of the user to be added is unknown.  In the case above, if
   instead it is the 'confUserID' of the sender of the request that is
   invalid, an 'invalidConfUserID' error code is returned to the client.

   (**) 'invalidConfUserID' is not sent in answers to 'userRequest/
   create' messages having a 'null' confUserId, since this case is
   associated with a user who is unaware of his own XCON-USERID, but
   wants to enter a known conference.

   In the case of a response code of 'requestTimeout', a conferencing
   client MAY re-attempt the request within a period of time that would
   be specific to a conference control client or conference control
   server.

   A response code of 'badRequest' indicates that the conference control
   client sent a malformed request, which is indicative of an error in
   the conference control client or in the conference control server.
   The handling is specific to the conference control client
   implementation (e.g., generate a log, display an error message,
   etc.).  It is NOT RECOMMENDED that the client re-attempt the request
   in this case.

   Response codes such as 'unauthorized', "forbidden' and
   'operationNotAllowed' indicate the client does not have the



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   appropriate permissions, there is an error in the permissions, or
   there is a system error in the client or conference control server,
   thus re-attempting the request would likely not succeed and thus is
   NOT RECOMMENDED.

   Any unexpected or unknown responseCode SHOULD be treated by the
   client in the same manner as a 'serverInternalError' responseCode,
   the handling of which is specific to the conference control client
   implementation.

7.2.3.  Detailed CCMP Messages

   Based on the request and response message structures described in
   Section 7.2.1 and Section 7.2.2, the following summarizes the
   specialized CCMP request/response types described in this document:

   1.   blueprintsRequest/blueprintsResponse

   2.   confsRequest/confsResponse

   3.   blueprintRequest/blueprintResponse

   4.   confRequest/confResponse

   5.   usersRequest/usersResponse

   6.   userRequest/userResponse

   7.   sidebarsByValRequest/sidebarsByValResponse

   8.   sidebarsByRefRequest/sidebarsByRefResponse

   9.   sidebarByValRequest/sidebarByValResponse

   10.  sidebarByRefRequest/sidebarByRefResponse

   These CCMP request/response pairs use the fundamental CCMP operations
   as defined in Section 7 to manipulate the conference data.  Table 2
   summarizes the CCMP operations and corresponding actions that are
   valid for a specific CCMP request type, noting that neither the
   blueprintsRequest/blueprintsResponse or confsRequest/ConfsResponse
   require an "operation" parameter.  The corresponding response MUST
   contain the same operation.  Note that some entries are labeled "N/A"
   indicating the operation is invalid for that request type.  In the
   case of an "N/A*", the operation MAY be allowed for specific
   privileged users or system administrators, but is not part of the
   functionality included in this document.




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   +---------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
   | Operation     |  Retrieve  |   Create   |   Update   |   Delete   |
   | ------------- |            |            |            |            |
   | -Request Type |            |            |            |            |
   +---------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
   | blueprintsReq |  Get list  |     N/A    |     N/A    |     N/A    |
   | uest          |     of     |            |            |            |
   |               | blueprints |            |            |            |
   |               |            |            |            |            |
   | ------------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- |
   |               |            |            |            |            |
   | blueprintRequ |     Get    |    N/A*    |    N/A*    |    N/A*    |
   | est           |  blueprint |            |            |            |
   |               |            |            |            |            |
   | ------------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- |
   |               |            |            |            |            |
   | confsRequest  |  Get list  |     N/A    |     N/A    |     N/A    |
   |               |  of confs  |            |            |            |
   |               |  (active,  |            |            |            |
   |               |    etc.)   |            |            |            |
   |               |            |            |            |            |
   | ------------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- |
   |               |            |            |            |            |
   | confRequest   |    Gets    |   Creates  |   Changes  |   Deletes  |
   |               | conference | conference | conference | conference |
   |               |  object or |   object   |   object   |  Object as |
   |               |  blueprint |            |            |   a whole  |
   |               |            |            |            |            |
   | ------------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- |
   |               |            |            |            |            |
   | usersRequest  |    Gets    |     N/A    |   Changes  |     N/A    |
   |               |  specific  |            |  specified |            |
   |               |    users   |            |    users   |            |
   |               |   element  |            |   element  |            |
   |               |            |            |            |            |
   | ------------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- |
   |               |            |            |            |            |
   | userRequest   |    Gets    |   Adds a   |   Changes  |   Deletes  |
   |               |  specific  |  user to a |  specified |    user    |
   |               |    user    | conference |    user    | element as |
   |               |  element.  | .     *    |  element.  |  a whole.  |
   |               |            |            |            |            |
   | ------------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- |
   |               |            |            |            |            |
   | sidebarsByVal |    Gets    |     N/A    |     N/A    |     N/A    |
   | Request       | sidebars-b |            |            |            |
   |               | y   -val   |            |            |            |
   |               |    element |            |            |            |



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   | ------------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- |
   |               |            |            |            |            |
   | sidebarsByRef |    Gets    |     N/A    |     N/A    |     N/A    |
   | Request       | sidebars-b |            |            |            |
   |               | y   -ref   |            |            |            |
   |               |    element |            |            |            |
   |               |            |            |            |            |
   | ------------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- |
   |               |            |            |            |            |
   | sidebarByValR |   Gets a   |  Creates a |   Adds or  |  Removes/  |
   | equest        |   sidebar  | sidebar by | modifies a |   deletes  |
   |               |   element  |   cloning  |   sidebar  |   entire   |
   |               |            |  existing  |            |   sidebar  |
   |               |            |    conf    |            |            |
   |               |            |   object   |            |            |
   |               |            |            |            |            |
   | ------------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- |
   |               |            |            |            |            |
   | sidebarByRefR |   Gets a   |   Creates  |   Adds or  |  Removes/  |
   | equest        |   sidebar  | sidebar by |  modifies  |   deletes  |
   |               |   element  |   cloning  |   sidebar  |   entire   |
   |               |            |  existing  |            |   sidebar  |
   |               |            |    conf    |            |            |
   |               |            |   object   |            |            |
   +---------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+

            Table 2: Request Type Operation Specific Processing

   *: This operation can involve the creation of an XCON-UserID, if the
   sender does not add it in the 'confUserId' parameter, or if the
   'entity' field of the userInfo parameter is void.

   Additional parameters included in the specialized CCMP request/
   response messages are detailed in the subsequent sections.

7.2.3.1.  blueprintsRequest and blueprintsResponse messages

   A 'blueprintsRequest' (Figure 4) message is sent to request the list
   of XCON-URIs associated with the available blueprints from the
   conference server.  Such URIs can be subsequently used by the client
   to access detailed information about a specified blueprint with a
   specific 'blueprintRequest' message per Section 7.2.3.3.  A
   'blueprintsRequest' message REQUIRES no additional parameters beyond
   those specified for the basic CCMP request message.  The 'confObjId'
   and 'operation' parameters MUST NOT be included in the request or
   response for this transaction.

   The associated 'blueprintsResponse' message SHOULD contain, as shown



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   in Figure 4, a 'blueprintsInfo' parameter containing the above
   mentioned XCON-URI list.  If the 'blueprintsInfo' parameter is empty,
   the conference control client MAY attempt to use a local default
   blueprint to create conferences.  However, the handling in this
   situation is specific to the conference control client
   implementation.




    <!-- blueprintsRequest -->
    <xs:complexType name="ccmp-blueprints-request-message-type">
           <xs:complexContent>
                   <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-request-message-type"/>
           </xs:complexContent>
    </xs:complexType>

   <!-- blueprintsResponse -->
   <xs:complexType name="ccmp-blueprints-response-message-type">
   <xs:complexContent>
           <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-response-message-type">
                   <xs:sequence>
                           <xs:element ref="blueprintsResponse"/>
                   </xs:sequence>
           </xs:extension>
   </xs:complexContent>
   </xs:complexType>

    <!-- blueprintsResponseType -->

   <xs:element name="blueprintsResponse"
               type="blueprintsResponseType"/>

   <xs:complexType name="blueprintsResponseType">
     <xs:sequence>
         <xs:element name="blueprintsInfo"
                     type="info:uris-type" minOccurs="0"/>
     </xs:sequence>
   </xs:complexType>



    Figure 4: Structure of the blueprintsRequest and blueprintsResponse
                                 messages







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7.2.3.2.  confsRequest and confsResponse messages

   A 'confsRequest' message is used to retrieve, from the server, the
   list of XCON-URIs associated with active and registered conferences A
   'confsRequest' message REQUIRES no additional parameters beyond those
   specified for the basic CCMP request message.  The 'confObjId'
   parameter MUST NOT be included in the confsRequest message.  The
   'confsRequest' message is of a "retrieve-only" type, since the sole
   purpose is to collect information available at the conference server.
   Thus, an 'operation' parameter MUST NOT be included in a
   'confsRequest' message.  The associated 'confsResponse' message
   SHOULD contain the list of XCON-URIs in the 'confsInfo' parameter.  A
   user, upon receipt of the response message, can interact with the
   available conference objects through further CCMP messages.



   <!-- confsRequest -->
   <xs:complexType name="ccmp-confs-request-message-type">
           <xs:complexContent>
                   <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-request-message-type"/>
           </xs:complexContent>
   </xs:complexType>

   <!-- confsResponse -->
   <xs:complexType name="ccmp-confs-response-message-type">
           <xs:complexContent>
                   <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-response-message-type">
                           <xs:sequence>
                                   <xs:element ref="confsResponse" />
                           </xs:sequence>
                   </xs:extension>
           </xs:complexContent>
   </xs:complexType>

   <!-- confsResponseType -->

   <xs:element name="confsResponse" type="confsResponseType"/>

     <xs:complexType name="confsResponseType">
     <xs:sequence>
        <xs:element name="confsInfo"
                    type="info:uris-type" minOccurs="0"/>
     </xs:sequence>
   </xs:complexType>






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    Figure 5: Structure of the confsRequest and confsResponse messages

7.2.3.3.  blueprintRequest and blueprintResponse messages

   Through a 'blueprintRequest', a client can manipulate the conference
   object associated with a specified blueprint.  The request MUST
   include an 'operation' parameter and a 'confObjId' parameter.  The
   'confObjId' parameter MUST contain the XCON-URI of the blueprint,
   which might have been previously retrieved through a
   'blueprintsRequest' message.  The blueprintRequest message SHOULD NOT
   contain an 'operation' parameter other than 'retrieve'.  The
   'create', 'update' and 'delete' operations SHOULD NOT be included in
   a 'blueprintRequest' message except in the case of privileged users
   (e.g. the conference server administration staff).

   In the case of responseCode of "success" for a 'retrieve' operation,
   the 'blueprintInfo' parameter MUST be included in the
   'blueprintResponse' message.  The 'blueprintInfo' parameter contains
   the conference document associated with the blueprint as identified
   by the 'confObjID' parameter specified in the blueprintRequest.

   If a response code of "objectNotFound" is received in a
   'blueprintResponse' message, it is RECOMMENDED that a conference
   control client attempt to retrieve another conference blueprint if
   more than one had been received in the "blueprintsResponse" message.
   If there was only one blueprint in the "blueprintsResponse"
   initially, then the client should send another "blueprintsRequest"
   message to determine if there may be new or additional blueprints for
   the specific conferencing system.  If this "blueprintsResponse"
   message contains no blueprints, the handling is specific to the
   conference control client.




















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   <!--  blueprintRequest -->
   <xs:complexType name="ccmp-blueprint-request-message-type">
           <xs:complexContent>
                   <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-request-message-type">
                           <xs:sequence>
                                   <xs:element ref="blueprintRequest" />
                           </xs:sequence>
                   </xs:extension>
           </xs:complexContent>
   </xs:complexType>

   <!-- blueprintRequestType -->

   <xs:element name="blueprintRequest" type="blueprintRequestType"/>

   <xs:complexType name="blueprintRequestType">
     <xs:sequence>
        <xs:element name="blueprintInfo"
                    type="info:conference-type" minOccurs="0"/>
     </xs:sequence>
   </xs:complexType>

   <!-- blueprintResponse -->
    <xs:complexType name="ccmp-blueprint-response-message-type">
           <xs:complexContent>
            <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-response-message-type">
                    <xs:sequence>
          <xs:element ref="blueprintResponse"/>
                    </xs:sequence>
                   </xs:extension>
           </xs:complexContent>
    </xs:complexType>

    <!-- blueprintResponseType -->

    <xs:element name="blueprintResponse" type="blueprintResponseType"/>

      <xs:complexType name="blueprintResponseType">
      <xs:sequence>
         <xs:element name="blueprintInfo" type="info:conference-type"/>
      </xs:sequence>
    </xs:complexType>



     Figure 6: Structure of the blueprintRequest and blueprintResponse
                                 messages




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7.2.3.4.  confRequest and confResponse messages

   With a 'confRequest' message, CCMP clients can manipulate conference
   objects associated with either active or registered conferences
   (blueprints or reservations).  The request MUST include an
   'operation' parameter.  Depending upon the type of 'operation' a
   'confObjId' parameter MAY be included.  The 'confObjId' parameter
   contains the XCON-URI of the specific active or registered
   conference.  The requirements for inclusion of 'confInfo' parameter
   depends upon the specific 'operation' in the confRequest/confResponse
   and are detailed below.  The detailed information included in the
   'confInfo' parameter MUST follow the rules as specified in the XCON
   Data Model document [I-D.ietf-xcon-common-data-model].

   To create a new conference through a 'confRequest' message, two
   approaches can be considered:

   1.  Creation through explicit cloning: the 'confObjId' parameter MUST
       contain the XCON-URI of the blueprint to be cloned, while the
       'confInfo' parameter MUST NOT be included in the confRequest;

   2.  Creation through implicit cloning (also known as "direct
       creation"): the 'confObjId' parameter MUST NOT be included in the
       request, whereas the 'confInfo' parameter describing the
       conference to be created MUST be included in the confRequest.

   In both cases, the confResponse, for a successful completion of a
   'create' operation, contains a responseCode of 'success' and MUST
   contain the XCON-URI of the created conference in the 'confObjID'
   parameter.  In addition, the 'confInfo' parameter transporting the
   created conference document MUST be included.  Obviously, the newly
   created object can be manipulated by the client through a subsequent
   'update' operation.  For example, after the creation and addition of
   the participants, the creator may want to lock the conference object.
   This can be accomplished with a confRequest with an operation of
   'update' by setting the 'locked' element in the confInfo included in
   the confRequest message described below.

   In the case of a confRequest with a 'retrieve' operation, the
   'confObjId' representing the XCON-URI of the target conference the
   conference control client MUST be included and the 'confInfo'
   parameter SHOULD NOT be included in the request.  The conferencing
   server MUST ignore any 'confInfo' parameter that is received in a
   'confRequest' and this 'confInfo' parameter MUST NOT be included in
   the confResponse.  If the confResponse for the 'retrieve' operation
   contains a responseCode of 'success', the 'confInfo' parameter MUST
   be included in the response.  The 'confInfo' parameter MUST contain
   the entire conference document describing the target conference



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   object in its current state.

   In case of of a confRequest with an 'update' operation, the
   'confInfo' and 'confObjID' MUST be included in the request.  The
   'confInfo' represents an object of type "conference-type" containing
   all the changes to be applied to the conference whose identifier is
   'confObjId'.  In the case of a confResponse with a responseCode of
   'success', no additional information is REQUIRED in the
   'confResponse' message.  A responseCode of 'success' indicates that
   the referenced conference document has not been changed by the
   conference server.  However, if the target conference object was not
   updated exactly as indicated by the client a responseCode of
   'modified' MUST be included in the 'confResponse' and the 'confInfo'
   parameter MUST contain the entire conference document to which any
   changes have been applied.  A responseCode of 'changeFailedProtected'
   indicates that the conferencing client is not allowed to make the
   changes reflected in the 'confInfo' in the initial request.  This
   could be due to policies, roles, specific privileges, etc.), with the
   reason specific to a conferencing system and its configuration.
   Thus, it is RECOMMENDED that the client continue using the previous
   version of the 'confInfo', if the conference was active.  If the
   conference was not active, it is RECOMMENDED that the client revert
   to an original version of the blueprint or use another blueprint -
   one previously retrieved with a blueprintRequest or one obtained via
   a new blueprintsRequest/blueprintRequest sequence.

   In the case of a confRequest with a 'delete' operation, the
   'confObjId' representing the XCON-URI of the target conference MUST
   be included and the 'confInfo' SHOULD NOT be included in the request.
   The conferencing server MUST ignore any 'confInfo' parameter that is
   received.  The confResponse MUST contain the same 'confObjId'that was
   included in the confRequest.  The confResponse MUST contain a
   responseCode of 'success' if the targeted conference is successfully
   deleted.  If the confResponse for the 'retrieve' operation contains a
   responseCode of 'success', the confResponse SHOULD NOT contain the
   'confInfo' parameter.  If the conferencing server cannot delete the
   conference referenced by the 'confObjId' received in the confRequest
   because it is the parent of another conference object that is in use,
   the conferencing server MUST return a responseCode of
   'deleteParentFailed'.

   The schema for the confRequest/confResponse pair is shown in
   Figure 7.








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   <!-- confRequest -->
   <xs:complexType name="ccmp-conf-request-message-type">
           <xs:complexContent>
                   <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-request-message-type">
                           <xs:sequence>
                                   <xs:element ref="confRequest" />
                           </xs:sequence>
                   </xs:extension>
           </xs:complexContent>
   </xs:complexType>

   <!-- confRequestType -->

   <xs:element name="confRequest" type="confRequestType" />

     <xs:complexType name="confRequestType">
     <xs:sequence>
        <xs:element name="confInfo"
                    type="info:conference-type" minOccurs="0"/>
     </xs:sequence>
   </xs:complexType>

   <!-- confResponse -->
   <xs:complexType name="ccmp-conf-response-message-type">
           <xs:complexContent>
                   <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-response-message-type">
                           <xs:sequence>
                                   <xs:element ref="confResponse" />
                           </xs:sequence>
                   </xs:extension>
           </xs:complexContent>
   </xs:complexType>

   <!-- confResponseType -->

   <xs:element name="confResponse" type="confResponseType" />

   <xs:complexType name="confResponseType">
     <xs:sequence>
        <xs:element name="confInfo" type="info:conference-type"/>
     </xs:sequence>
   </xs:complexType>



     Figure 7: Structure of the confRequest and confResponse messages

   The following provides an example of the 'confInfo' parameter



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   required to change the title of a conference:



   <conf-info entity="123">
           <conference-description>
                   <display-text>New conference title</display-text>
           </conference-description>
   </conf-info>


     Figure 8: Updating a conference object: modifying the title of a
                                conference

   Similarly, to remove the title of an existing conference, an 'update'
   operation carrying the following 'confInfo' parameter would do the
   job.




   <conf-info entity="123">
           <conference-description>
                   <display-text/>
           </conference-description>
   </conf-info>


      Figure 9: Updating a conference object: removing the title of a
                                conference

7.2.3.5.  usersRequest and usersResponse messages

   Through a usersRequest message the CCMP client manipulates the
   <users> element of the conference document associated with the
   conference identified by the 'confObjId' parameter.  Inside the
   <users> element, along with the list of conference users, there is
   information that the client may be interested in controlling, such as
   the lists of users to which access to the conference is allowed/
   denied, conference participation policies, etc.; for this reason, a
   customized message has been designed to allow for the manipulation of
   this specific part of a conference document.

   A 'usersInfo' parameter MAY be included in a usersRequest message
   depending upon the operation.  If the 'userInfo' parameter is
   included in the usersRequest message, the parameter MUST be compliant
   with the <users> field of the XCON data model.




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   Two operations are allowed for a "usersRequest" message:

   1.  retrieve: In this case the request SHOULD NOT include a
       'usersInfo' parameter, while a successful response MUST contain
       the desired <users> element in the 'usersInfo' parameter.  The
       conference server MUST be ignore a 'usersInfo' parameter if it is
       received in a request with a 'retrieve' operation.

   2.  update: In this case, the 'usersInfo' parameter MUST contain the
       modifications to be applied to the referred <users> element.  If
       the responseCode is 'success', then the 'usersInfo' parameter
       SHOULD NOT be returned.  Any 'usersInfo' parameter that is
       returned SHOULD be ignored.  If the responseCode is 'modified',
       the 'usersInfo' parameter MUST be included in the response.  The
       'usersInfo' reflects to the client the (partial) modifications
       that have been applied.  A responseCode of
       'changeFailedProtected' indicates that the conferencing client is
       not allowed to make the changes reflected in the 'usersInfo' in
       usersRequest message.  This could be due to policies, roles,
       specific privileges, etc.), with the reason specific to a
       conferencing system and its configuration.  Thus, it is
       RECOMMENDED that the client continue using the previous version
       of the 'usersInfo'.

   Operations of 'create' and 'delete' are not applicable to a
   usersRequest message and MUST NOT be considered by the server, which
   means that a responseCode of 'forbidden' MUST be included in the
   usersResponse message.























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   <!-- usersRequest -->
   <xs:complexType name="ccmp-users-request-message-type">
           <xs:complexContent>
                   <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-request-message-type">
                           <xs:sequence>
                                   <xs:element ref="usersRequest" />
                           </xs:sequence>
                   </xs:extension>
           </xs:complexContent>
   </xs:complexType>

   <!-- usersRequestType -->

   <xs:element name="usersRequest" type="usersRequestType" />

   <xs:complexType name="usersRequestType">
           <xs:sequence>
                   <xs:element name="usersInfo"
                   type="info:users-type" minOccurs="0" />
           </xs:sequence>
   </xs:complexType>

   <!-- usersResponse -->
   <xs:complexType name="ccmp-users-response-message-type">
           <xs:complexContent>
                   <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-response-message-type">
                           <xs:sequence>
                                   <xs:element ref="usersResponse" />
                           </xs:sequence>
                   </xs:extension>
           </xs:complexContent>
   </xs:complexType>

   <!-- usersResponseType -->

   <xs:element name="usersResponse" type="usersResponseType" />

   <xs:complexType name="usersResponseType">
     <xs:sequence>
        <xs:element name="usersInfo" type="info:users-type"/>
     </xs:sequence>
   </xs:complexType>



    Figure 10: Structure of the usersRequest and usersResponse messages





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7.2.3.6.  userRequest and userResponse messages

   A "userRequest" message is used to manipulate <user> elements inside
   a conference document associated with a conference identified by the
   'confObjId' parameter.  Besides retrieving information about a
   specific conference user, the message is used to request that the
   conference server either create, modify, or delete information about
   a user.  A "userRequest" message MUST include the 'confObjID', the
   'operation' parameter, and MAY include a 'userInfo' parameter
   containing the detailed user's information depending upon the
   operation and whether the 'userInfo' has already been populated for a
   specific user.  Note that a user may not necessarily be a
   conferencing control client (i.e., some participants in a conference
   are not "XCON aware").

   We remark that an XCON-USERID SHOULD be assigned to each and every
   user subscribed to the system.  In such a way, a user who is not a
   conference participant can make requests (provided she has
   successfully passed AAA checks), like creating a conference,
   retrieving conference information, etc..

   Conference users can be created in a number of different ways.  In
   each of these cases the operation MUST be set to "create" in the
   userRequest message.  Each of the userResponse messages for these
   cases MUST include the 'confObjID', 'confUserID', 'operation' and
   'responseCode' parameters.  In the case of a response code of
   'success', the userResponse message MAY include the 'userInfo'
   parameter depending upon the manner in which the user was created:

   o  Conferencing client with an XCON-USERID adds itself to the
      conference: In this case, the 'userInfo' parameter MAY be included
      in the userRequest.  The 'userInfo' parameter MUST contain a
      <user> element (compliant with the XCON data model) and the
      'entity' attribute MUST be set to a value which represents the
      XCON-USERID of the user initiating the request.  No additional
      parameters beyond those previously described are REQUIRED in the
      userResponse message, in the case of a responseCode of 'success'.

   o  Conferencing client acts on behalf of a third user whose XCON-
      USERID is known: in this case, the 'userInfo' parameter MUST be
      included in the userRequest.  The 'userInfo' parameter MUST
      contain a <user> element and the 'entity' attribute value MUST be
      set to the XCON-USERID of the third user in question.  No
      additional parameters beyond those previously described are
      REQUIRED in the userResponse message, in the case of a
      responseCode of 'success'.





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   o  A conferencing client who has no XCON-USERID and who wants to
      enter, via CCMP, a conference whose identifier is known.  In such
      case, a side-effect of the request is that the user is provided
      with an appropriate XCON-USERID.  The involved messages
      (userRequest and userResponse) in such case should look like the
      following:




   Request fields:

   confUserId=null;
   confObjId=confXYZ;
   operation=create;
   userInfo=

   <userInfo entity=null>
           <endpoint entity=''sip:GHIL345@blablabla''>
           ...


   Response fields (in case of success):

   confUserId=user345;
   confObjId=confXYZ;
   operation=create;
   response-code=success;
   userInfo=null; //or the entire userInfo object




      Figure 11: userRequest and userResponse in the absence of an xcon-
                                    userid

   o  Conferencing client is unaware of the XCON-USERID of a third user:
      In this case, the 'entity' attribute MUST NOT be included in the
      request.  The XCON-USERID generated by the conference server for
      such a user MUST also be returned to the client as the value of
      the 'entity' attribute in the 'userInfo' parameter of the response
      if the responseCode is "success".  This scenario is mainly
      intended to support the case whereby an XCON aware client is added
      to a conference by a third party, e.g. the chairperson of the
      conference.

   o  Conferencing client obtains a new user profile in the context of a
      conference: this case is handled in the same manner as the



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      previous case associated with the creation of a user on behalf of
      a third party when the XCON-USERID is unknown, thus indicating to
      the conference server that the client wants a new XCON-USERID and
      associated 'userInfo' parameter to be allocated and populated
      respectively.

   In both cases, the confResponse, for a successful completion of a
   'create' operation, contains a responseCode of 'success' and MUST
   contain the XCON-URI of the created conference in the 'confObjID'
   parameter.  In addition, the 'confInfo' parameter transporting the
   created conference document MUST be included.  Obviously, the newly
   created object can be manipulated by the client through a subsequent
   'update' operation.

   In the case of a userRequest with a 'retrieve' operation, the
   'confObjId' representing the XCON-URI of the target conference MUST
   be included.  The 'confUserId' MUST be included in the userRequest
   message.  This 'confUserId' indicates the specific <user> element in
   XCON data model, as reflected by the 'entity' attribute in the <user>
   element that the conference client is requesting to retrive.  The
   'userInfo' parameter SHOULD NOT be included in the request.  The
   conferencing server MUST ignore any 'userInfo' parameter that is
   received in a 'userRequest' and this 'userInfo' parameter MUST NOT be
   included in the userResponse.  If the userResponse for the 'retrieve'
   operation contains a responseCode of 'success', the 'userInfo'
   parameter MUST be included in the response.

   In case of of a userRequest with an 'update' operation, the
   'confObjID', 'confUserID' and 'userInfo' MUST be included in the
   request.  The 'userInfo' is of type "user-type" and contains all the
   changes to be applied to a specific <user> element in the conference
   object identified by the 'confObjId' in the userRequest message.  The
   'entity' attribute in the 'userInfo' MUST be equal to the
   'confUserID' in the userRequest message.  In the case of a user
   Response with a responseCode of 'success', no additional information
   is REQUIRED in the 'confResponse' message.  A responseCode of
   'success' indicates that the referenced user element has been updated
   by the conference server.  However, if the specific <user> element
   was not updated exactly as indicated by the client a responseCode of
   'modified' MUST be included in the 'confResponse' and the 'userInfo'
   parameter MUST contain the entire <user> element which to which the
   conference server has applied changes.  A responseCode of
   'changeFailedProtected' indicates that the conferencing client is not
   allowed to make the changes reflected in the 'userInfo' in the
   initial request.  This could be due to policies, roles, specific
   privileges, etc., with the reason specific to a conferencing system
   and its configuration.  Thus, it is RECOMMENDED that the client
   continue using the previous version of the 'userInfo'.



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   In the case of a userRequest with a 'delete' operation, the
   'confObjId' representing the XCON-URI of the target conference and
   the 'confUserID' associated with the specific <user> element (i.e.,
   matching the 'entity' attribute) that the conferencing client is
   requesting be deleted MUST be included in the userRequest message.
   The 'userInfo' SHOULD NOT be included in the request.  The
   conferencing server MUST ignore any 'userInfo' parameter that is
   received.  The userResponse MUST contain the same 'confObjId' that
   was included in the userRequest.  The userResponse MUST contain a
   responseCode of 'success' if the <user> element associated with the
   specific 'confUserId' is successfully deleted.  If the userResponse
   for the 'retrieve' operation contains a responseCode of 'success',
   the userResponse SHOULD NOT contain the 'userInfo' parameter.






































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   <!-- userRequest -->
   <xs:complexType name="ccmp-user-request-message-type">
           <xs:complexContent>
                   <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-request-message-type">
                           <xs:sequence>
                                   <xs:element ref="userRequest" />
                           </xs:sequence>
                   </xs:extension>
           </xs:complexContent>
   </xs:complexType>

   <!-- userRequestType -->

   <xs:element name="userRequest" type="userRequestType" />

   <xs:complexType name="userRequestType">
           <xs:sequence>
                   <xs:element name="userInfo"
                   type="info:user-type" minOccurs="0" />
           </xs:sequence>
   </xs:complexType>


   <!-- userResponse -->
   <xs:complexType name="ccmp-user-response-message-type">
           <xs:complexContent>
                   <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-response-message-type">
                           <xs:sequence>
                                   <xs:element ref="userResponse" />
                           </xs:sequence>
                   </xs:extension>
           </xs:complexContent>
   </xs:complexType>

   <!-- userResponseType -->

   <xs:element name="userResponse" type="userResponseType" />

   <xs:complexType name="userResponseType">
     <xs:sequence>
        <xs:element name="userInfo" type="info:user-type"/>
     </xs:sequence>
   </xs:complexType>



     Figure 12: Structure of the userRequest and userResponse messages




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7.2.3.7.  sidebarsByValRequest and sidebarsByValResponse messages

   A "sidebarsByValRequest" is used to execute a retrieve-only operation
   on the <sidebars-by-val> field of the conference object represented
   by the 'confObjId'.  The request MUST include an 'operation' of
   "retrieve" and a 'confObjId' parameter.  Operations of 'create',
   'update' and 'delete' MUST NOT be included in a sidebarsByValRequest
   message.  A "sidebarsByValResponse" with a responseCode of 'success'
   MUST contain a 'sidebarsByValInfo' parameter containing the desired
   <sidebars-by-val> element.  The 'sidebarsByValInfo' parameter
   contains the identifiers of the sidebars derived from the main
   conference in the form of XCON-URIs.  The retrieved sidebars can then
   be updated or deleted using the "sidebarByValRequest" message, which
   is described in Section 7.2.3.8.





































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   <!-- sidebarsByValRequest -->

   <xs:complexType name="ccmp-sidebarsByVal-request-message-type">
           <xs:complexContent>
                   <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-request-message-type">
                           <xs:sequence>
                      <xs:element ref="sidebarsByValRequest"/>
                           </xs:sequence>
                   </xs:extension>
           </xs:complexContent>
   </xs:complexType>

   <!-- sidebarsByValRequestType -->

   <xs:element name="sidebarsByValRequest"
               type="sidebarsByValRequestType" />

   <xs:complexType name="sidebarsByValRequestType">
     <xs:sequence>
        <xs:element name="sidebarsByValInfo"
                    type="info:sidebars-by-val-type" minOccurs="0"/>
     </xs:sequence>
   </xs:complexType>


   <!-- sidebarsByValResponse -->

   <xs:complexType name="ccmp-sidebarsByVal-response-message-type">
           <xs:complexContent>
            <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-response-message-type">
                   <xs:sequence>
              <xs:element ref="sidebarsByValResponse"/>
             </xs:sequence>
            </xs:extension>
           </xs:complexContent>
   </xs:complexType>

   <!-- sidebarsByValResponseType -->

   <xs:element name="sidebarsByValResponse"
               type="sidebarsByValResponseType" />

   <xs:complexType name="sidebarsByValResponseType">
     <xs:sequence>
        <xs:element name="sidebarsByValInfo"
                    type="info:sidebars-by-val-type"/>
     </xs:sequence>
   </xs:complexType>



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           Figure 13: Structure of the sidebarsByValRequest and
                      sidebarsByValResponse messages

7.2.3.8.  sidebarByValRequest and sidebarByValResponse messages

   A sidebarByValRequest message MUST contain the 'operation' parameter
   which discriminates among retrieval, creation, modification and
   deletion of a specific sidebar.  The other required parameters depend
   upon the type of operation.

   In the case of a 'create' operation, the 'confObjId' parameter MUST
   be included in the sidebyValRequest message.  In this case, the
   'confObjId' parameter contains the XCON-URI of the main conference in
   which the sidebar is to be created.  The 'sidebarByValInfo' parameter
   SHOULD NOT be included in the request, since, as envisaged in the
   XCON framework ([RFC5239]), sidebars are always created by cloning
   the main conference.  Any 'sidebarByValInfo' included in the request
   MUST be ignored.  The conference server sets the 'active' element to
   'false' of the cloned conference to reflect that it is a "reserved"
   conference.  The conference server MUST update the conference object
   reflected by the 'confObjID' parameter, in the sidebarbyVal request
   message, from which the sidebar was created to reflect the newly
   created sidebar.  The newly created conference object MUST be
   included in the response in the 'sidebarByValInfo' parameter, if the
   responseCode is 'success'.  The URI for the conference object
   associated with the newly created sidebar object MUST appear in the
   'entity' attribute in the 'sidebarByValInfo'.  The conference server
   can notify any conferencing clients that have subscribed to the
   conference event package, and are authorized to receive the
   notifications, of the addition of the sidebar to the conference.

   In the case of a 'sidebarByVal' request with an operation of
   'retrieve', the URI for the conference object created for the
   sidebar, as reflected by the 'entity' attribute in the
   'sidebarByValInfo', received in the response to a 'create' operation
   or in a sidebarsByValResponse message, MUST be included in the
   'confObjID' parameter in the request.  This 'retrieve' operation is
   handled by the conference server in the same manner as a 'retrieve'
   operation included in a confRequest message as detailed in
   Section 7.2.3.4.

   In the case of a 'sidebarByVal' request with an operation of
   'update', the 'sidebarByValInfo' MUST also be included in the
   request.  The 'entity' attribute in the 'sidebarByValInfo' identifies
   the specific sidebar instance to be updated.  The URI for the
   conference object containing the specific sidebar-by-value element to
   be updated MUST be included in the 'confObjID' parameter in the
   request.  An 'update' operation on the 'sidebarByValInfo' is handled



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   by the conference server in the same manner as an 'update' operation
   on the confInfo included in a confRequest message as detailed in
   Section 7.2.3.4.

   If an 'operation' of 'delete' is included in the sidebarByVal
   request, the 'sidebarByValInfo' parameter SHOULD NOT be included in
   the request.  Any 'sidebarByValInfo' included in the request SHOULD
   be ignored by the conference server.  The URI for the conference
   object for the sidebar, as reflected by the 'entity' attribute in the
   'sidebarByValInfo', received in the response to a 'create' operation
   or in a sidebarsByValResponse message, MUST be included in the
   'confObjID' parameter in the request.  If the specific conferencing
   user as reflected by the 'confUserID' in the request is authorized to
   delete the conference, the conference server deletes the conference
   object reflected by the 'confObjID' parameter and updates the data in
   the conference object from which the sidebar was cloned.  The
   conference server can notify any conferencing clients that have
   subscribed to the conference event package, and are authorized to
   receive the notifications, of the deletion of the sidebar to the
   conference.































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   <!-- sidebarByValRequest -->

   <xs:complexType name="ccmp-sidebarByVal-request-message-type">
           <xs:complexContent>
            <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-request-message-type">
                    <xs:sequence>
                           <xs:element ref="sidebarByValRequest"/>
                    </xs:sequence>
            </xs:extension>
     </xs:complexContent>
   </xs:complexType>

   <!-- sidebarByValRequestType -->

   <xs:element name="sidebarByValRequest"
               type="sidebarByValRequestType" />

   <xs:complexType name="sidebarByValRequestType">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:element name="sidebarByValInfo"
                    type="info:conference-type" minOccurs="0"/>
    </xs:sequence>
   </xs:complexType>


   <!-- sidebarByValResponse -->

   <xs:complexType name="ccmp-sidebarByVal-response-message-type">
    <xs:complexContent>
           <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-response-message-type">
            <xs:sequence>
                   <xs:element ref="sidebarByValResponse"/>
            </xs:sequence>
     </xs:extension>
    </xs:complexContent>
   </xs:complexType>

   <!-- sidebarByValResponseType -->

   <xs:element name="sidebarByValResponse"
               type="sidebarByValResponseType" />

   <xs:complexType name="sidebarByValResponseType">
     <xs:sequence>
        <xs:element name="sidebarByValInfo"
                    type="info:conference-type"/>
     </xs:sequence>
   </xs:complexType>



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            Figure 14: Structure of the sidebarByValRequest and
                       sidebarByValResponse messages

7.2.3.9.  sidebarsByRefRequest and sidebarsByRefResponse messages

   Similar to the sidebarsByValRequest, a sidebarsByRefRequest can be
   invoked to retrieve the <sidebars-by-ref> element of the conference
   object identified by the 'confObjId' parameter.  The 'confObjID'
   parameter MUST be included in the request.  An operation of
   'retrieve' MUST also be included in the request.  Operations of
   'create', 'update' and 'delete' MUST NOT be included in a
   sidebarsByValRequest message.  In the case of a responseCode of
   'success', the 'sidebarsByRefInfo' parameter, containing the
   <sidebars-by-ref> element of the conference object, MUST be included
   in the response.  The <sidebars-by-ref> element represents the set of
   URIs of the sidebars associated with the main conference, whose
   description (in the form of a standard XCON conference document) is
   external to the main conference itself.  Through the retrieved URIs,
   it is then possible to access single sidebars using the
   "sidebarByRef" request message, described in Section 7.2.3.10.































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   <!-- sidebarsByRefRequest -->
   <xs:complexType name="ccmp-sidebarsByRef-request-message-type">
           <xs:complexContent>
            <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-request-message-type">
                   <xs:sequence>
                           <xs:element ref="sidebarsByRefRequest"/>
                   </xs:sequence>
            </xs:extension>
           </xs:complexContent>
   </xs:complexType>

   <!-- sidebarsByRefRequestType -->

   <xs:element name="sidebarsByRefRequest"
               type="sidebarsByRefRequestType" />

   <xs:complexType name="sidebarsByRefRequestType">
     <xs:sequence>
        <xs:element name="sidebarsByRefInfo"
                    type="info:uris-type" minOccurs="0"/>
     </xs:sequence>
   </xs:complexType>


   <!-- sidebarsByRefResponse -->

   <xs:complexType name="ccmp-sidebarsByref-response-message-type">
           <xs:complexContent>
            <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-response-message-type">
                    <xs:sequence>
                           <xs:element ref="sidebarsByRefResponse"/>
                    </xs:sequence>
            </xs:extension>
     </xs:complexContent>
   </xs:complexType>

   <!-- sidebarsByRefResponseType -->

   <xs:element name="sidebarsByRefResponse"
               type="sidebarsByRefResponseType" />

   <xs:complexType name="sidebarsByRefResponseType">
     <xs:sequence>
        <xs:element name="sidebarsByRefInfo"
                    type="info:uris-type"/>
     </xs:sequence>
   </xs:complexType>




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           Figure 15: Structure of the sidebarsByRefRequest and
                      sidebarsByRefResponse messages

7.2.3.10.  sidebarByRefRequest and sidebarByRefResponse messages

   A sidebarByRefRequest message MUST contain the 'operation' parameter
   which discriminates among retrieval, creation, modification and
   deletion of a specific sidebar.  The other required parameters depend
   upon the type of operation.

   In the case of an 'operation of 'create', the 'confObjId' parameter
   representing the XCON-URI of the conference from which the sidebar is
   to be created (cloned) MUST be included in all sidebarByRefRequest
   messages.  The'sidebarByRefInfo' parameter SHOULD NOT be included in
   the request, since, as envisaged in the XCON framework ([RFC5239]),
   sidebars are always created by cloning the main conference.  Any
   'sidebarByRefInfo' included in the request MUST be ignored.  If the
   creation of the sidebar is successful, the conference server MUST
   update the 'sidebars-by-ref' element in the conference object from
   which the sidebar was created (i.e., as identified by the 'confObjID'
   in the original sidebarByRef request), with the URI for the newly
   created sidebar.  The newly created conference object MUST be
   included in the response in the 'sidebarByRefInfo' parameter with a
   responseCode 'success'.  The URI for the conference object associated
   with the newly created sidebar object MUST appear in the 'entity'
   attribute in the 'sidebarByRefInfo'.  The conference server can
   notify any conferencing clients that have subscribed to the
   conference event package, and are authorized to receive the
   notifications, of the addition of the sidebar to the conference.

   In the case of a 'sidebarByRef' request with an operation of
   'retrieve', the URI for the conference object created for the sidebar
   MUST be included in the 'confObjID' parameter in the request.  The
   'sidebarByRefInfo' MUST also be included in the request in the case
   of an 'operation' of 'update'.  An 'update' operation on the
   'sidebarByRefInfo' is handled by the conference server in the same
   manner as a 'retrieve' operation on the confInfo included in a
   confRequest message as detailed in Section 7.2.3.4.

   In the case of a 'sidebarByRef' request with an operation of
   'update', the URI for the conference object created for the sidebar
   MUST be included in the 'confObjID' parameter in the request.  The
   'sidebarByRefInfo' MUST also be included in the request in the case
   of an 'operation' of 'update'.  An 'update' operation on the
   'sidebarByRefInfo' is handled by the conference server in the same
   manner as an 'update' operation on the confInfo included in a
   confRequest message as detailed in Section 7.2.3.4.




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   If an 'operation' of 'delete' is included in the sidebarByRef
   request, the 'sidebarByRefInfo' parameter SHOULD NOT be included in
   the request.  Any 'sidebarByRefInfo' included in the request SHOULD
   be ignored by the conference server.  The URI for the conference
   object for the sidebar MUST be included in the 'confObjID' parameter
   in the request.  If the specific conferencing user as reflected by
   the 'confUserID' in the request is authorized to delete the
   conference, the conference server SHOULD delete the conference object
   reflected by the 'confObjID' parameter and SHOULD update the
   'sidebars-by-ref' element in the conference object from which the
   sidebar was originally cloned.  The conference server can notify any
   conferencing clients that have subscribed to the conference event
   package, and are authorized to receive the notifications, of the
   deletion of the sidebar.





































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   <!-- sidebarByRefRequest -->

   <xs:complexType name="ccmp-sidebarByRef-request-message-type">
     <xs:complexContent>
            <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-request-message-type">
                   <xs:sequence>
                           <xs:element ref="sidebarByRefRequest"/>
                   </xs:sequence>
            </xs:extension>
           </xs:complexContent>
   </xs:complexType>

   <!-- sidebarByRefRequestType -->

   <xs:element name="sidebarByRefRequest"
               type="sidebarByRefRequestType" />

   <xs:complexType name="sidebarByRefRequestType">
   <xs:sequence>
        <xs:element name="sidebarByRefInfo"
                    type="info:conference-type" minOccurs="0"/>
     </xs:sequence>
   </xs:complexType>


   <!-- sidebarByRefResponse -->

   <xs:complexType name="ccmp-sidebarByref-response-message-type">
    <xs:complexContent>
            <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-response-message-type">
                   <xs:sequence>
                    <xs:element ref="sidebarByRefResponse"/>
                   </xs:sequence>
            </xs:extension>
           </xs:complexContent>
   </xs:complexType>

   <!-- sidebarByRefResponseType -->

   <xs:element name="sidebarByRefResponse"
               type="sidebarByRefResponseType" />

   <xs:complexType name="sidebarByRefResponseType">
     <xs:sequence>
        <xs:element name="sidebarByRefInfo"
                    type="info:conference-type"/>
     </xs:sequence>
   </xs:complexType>



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            Figure 16: Structure of the sidebarByRefRequest and
                       sidebarByRefResponse messages

















































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8.  A complete example of the CCMP in action

   [spromano-09] This section has to be updated, since we added the
   'operation' parameter in response messages.  Hence, we first have to
   update the schema file; then, we have to change the excrpts in this
   section.

   In this section a typical scenario in which the CCMP comes into play
   is described, by showing the actual composition of the various CCMP
   messages.  In the call flows of the example, the Conference Control
   Client is a CCMP-enabled client, whereas the Conference Control
   Server is a CCMP-enabled server.  The 'confUserId' of the client is
   "Alice" and appears in all requests.  The sequence of operations is
   as follows:

   1.  Alice retrieves from the server the list of available blueprints
       (Section 8.1);

   2.  Alice asks for detailed information about a specific blueprint
       (Section 8.2);

   3.  Alice decides to create a new conference by cloning the retrieved
       blueprint (Section 8.3);

   4.  Alice modifies information (e.g.  XCON-URI, name, description)
       associated with the newly created blueprint (Section 8.4);

   5.  Alice specifies a list of users to be contacted when the
       conference is activated (Section 8.5);

   6.  Alice joins the conference (Section 8.6);

   7.  Alice lets a new user (whose 'confUserId' is "Ciccio") join the
       conference (Section 8.7).

   Note, the examples do not include any details beyond the basic
   operation.

   In the following sections we deal with each of the above mentioned
   actions separately.

8.1.  Alice retrieves the available blueprints

   This section illustrates the transaction associated with retrieval of
   the blueprints, together with a dump of the two messages exchanged
   ("blueprintsRequest" and "blueprintsResponse").  As it comes out from
   the figure, the "blueprintsResponse" message contains, in the
   'blueprintsInfo' parameter, information about the available



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   blueprints, in the form of the standard XCON-URI of the blueprint,
   plus additional (and optional) information, like its display-text and
   purpose.

   Alice retrieves from the server the list of available blueprints:




     CCMP Client                                             CCMP Server
          |                                                       |
          | CCMP blueprintsRequest message                        |
          |   - confUserID: Alice                                 |
          |   - confObjId: (null)                                 |
          |------------------------------------------------------>|
          |                                                       |
          |                     CMP blueprintsResponse message    |
          |                      - confUserID: Alice              |
          |                      - confObjId: (null)              |
          |                      - responseCode: success          |
          |                      - blueprintsInfo: bp123,bp124,.. |
          |<------------------------------------------------------|
          |                                                       |
          .                                                       .
          .                                                       .

   1. blueprintsRequest message:

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
   <ccmp:ccmpRequest xmlns:info="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:conference-info"
     xmlns:ccmp="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcon:ccmp"
     xmlns:xcon="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcon-conference-info">
    <ccmpRequest xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:type="xcon:ccmp-blueprints-request-message-type">
       <confUserID>xcon-userid:Alice@meetecho.com</confUserID>
    </ccmpRequest>
   </ccmp:ccmpRequest>

   2. blueprintsResponse message form the server:

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
   <ccmp:ccmpResponse
    xmlns:xcon="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcon-conference-info"
    xmlns:info="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:conference-info"
    xmlns:ccmp="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcon:ccmp">
   <ccmpResponse
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:type="ccmp:ccmp-blueprints-response-message-type">



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      <confUserID>xcon-userid:Alice@meetecho.com</confUserID>
       <ccmp:response-code>success</ccmp:response-code>
        <ccmp:blueprintsResponse>
         <blueprintsInfo>
          <info:entry>
           <info:uri>xcon:AudioRoom@meetecho.com</info:uri>
           <info:display-text>AudioRoom</info:display-text>
           <info:purpose>Simple Room:
              conference room with public access,
              where only audio is available, more users
              can talk at the same time
              and the requests for the AudioFloor
              are automatically accepted.
           </info:purpose>
          </info:entry>
          <info:entry>
           <info:uri>xcon:VideoRoom@meetecho.com</info:uri>
           <info:display-text>VideoRoom</info:display-text>
           <info:purpose>Video Room:
               conference room with public access,
               where both audio and video are available,
               8 users can talk and be seen at the same time,
               and the floor requests are automatically accepted.
           </info:purpose>
          </info:entry>
          <info:entry>
           <info:uri>xcon:AudioConference1@meetecho.com</info:uri>
           <info:display-text>AudioConference1</info:display-text>
           <info:purpose>Public Audio Conference:
                conference with public access,
                where only audio is available,
                only one user can talk at the same time,
                and the requests for the AudioFloor MUST
                be accepted by a Chair.
           </info:purpose>
          </info:entry>
          <info:entry>
           <info:uri>xcon:VideoConference1@meetecho.com</info:uri>
           <info:display-text>VideoConference1</info:display-text>
             <info:purpose>Public Video Conference: conference
                 where both audio and video are available,
                 only one user can talk
             </info:purpose>
           </info:entry>
           <info:entry>
            <info:uri>xcon:AudioConference2@meetecho.com</info:uri>
            <info:display-text>AudioConference2</info:display-text>
            <info:purpose>Basic Audio Conference:



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                 conference with private access,
                 where only audio is available,
                 only one user can talk at the same time,
                 and the requests for the AudioFloor MUST
                 be accepted by a Chair.
            </info:purpose>
           </info:entry>
        </blueprintsInfo>
      </ccmp:blueprintsResponse>
     </ccmpResponse>
   </ccmp:ccmpResponse>



               Figure 17: Getting blueprints from the server

8.2.  Alice gets detailed information about a specific blueprint

   This section illustrates the second transaction in the overall flow.
   In this case, Alice, who now knows the XCON-URIs of the blueprints
   available at the server, makes a drill-down query, in the form of a
   CCMP "blueprintRequest" message, to get detailed information about
   one of them (the one called with XCON-URI
   "xcon:AudioRoom@meetecho.com").  The picture shows such transaction.
   Notice that the response contains, in the 'blueprintInfo' parameter,
   a document compliant with the standard XCON data model.

   Alice retrieves detailed information about a specified blueprint:




     CCMP Client                                             CCMP Server
          |                                                       |
          | CCMP blueprintRequest message                         |
          |   - confUserID: Alice                                 |
          |   - confObjId: bp123                                  |
          |   - operation: retrieve                               |
          |   - blueprintInfo: (null)                             |
          |------------------------------------------------------>|
          |                                                       |
          |                        CCMP blueprintResponse message |
          |                          - confUserID: Alice          |
          |                          - confObjId: bp123           |
          |                          - operation: retrieve        |
          |                          - responseCode: success      |
          |                          - blueprintInfo: bp123Info   |
          |<------------------------------------------------------|



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          |                                                       |
          .                                                       .
          .                                                       .

   1. blueprintRequest message:

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
   <ccmp:ccmpRequest
         xmlns:info="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:conference-info"
         xmlns:ccmp="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcon:ccmp"
         xmlns:xcon="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcon-conference-info">
     <ccmpRequest xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                    xsi:type="ccmp:ccmp-blueprint-request-message-type">
           <confObjID>xcon:AudioRoom@meetecho.com</confObjID>
           <confUserID>xcon-userid:Alice@meetecho.com</confUserID>
           <operation>retrieve</operation>
           <ccmp:blueprintRequest/>
     </ccmpRequest>
   </ccmp:ccmpRequest>

   2. blueprintResponse message form the server:

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
   <ccmp:ccmpResponse
         xmlns:xcon="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcon-conference-info"
         xmlns:info="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:conference-info"
         xmlns:ccmp="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcon:ccmp">
     <ccmpResponse xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                 xsi:type="ccmp:ccmp-blueprint-response-message-type">
       <confObjID>xcon:AudioRoom@meetecho.com</confObjID>
       <operation>retrieve</operation>
       <confUserID>xcon-userid:Alice@meetecho.com</confUserID>
       <ccmp:response-code>success</ccmp:response-code>
       <ccmp:blueprintResponse>
         <blueprintInfo entity="xcon:AudioRoom@meetecho.com">
           <info:conference-description>
              <info:display-text>AudioRoom</info:display-text>
              <info:maximum-user-count>2</info:maximum-user-count>
              <info:available-media>
                <info:entry label="audioLabel">
                    <info:type>audio</info:type>
                </info:entry>
                </info:available-media>
           </info:conference-description>
           <info:users>
              <xcon:join-handling>allow</xcon:join-handling>
           </info:users>
           <xcon:floor-information>



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             <xcon:floor-request-handling>confirm
             </xcon:floor-request-handling>
             <xcon:conference-floor-policy>
                   <xcon:floor id="audioLabel"></xcon:floor>
             </xcon:conference-floor-policy>
           </xcon:floor-information>
         </blueprintInfo>
       </ccmp:blueprintResponse>
     </ccmpResponse>
   </ccmp:ccmpResponse>



            Figure 18: Getting info about a specific blueprint

8.3.  Alice creates a new conference through a cloning operation

   This section illustrates the third transaction in the overall flow.
   Alice decides to create a new conference by cloning the blueprint
   having XCON-URI "xcon:AudioRoom@meetecho.com", for which she just
   retrieved detailed information through the "blueprintRequest"
   message.  This is achieved by sending a "confRequest/create" message
   having the blueprint's URI in the 'confObjId' parameter.  The picture
   shows such transaction.  Notice that the response contains, in the
   'confInfo' parameter, the document associated with the newly created
   conference, which is compliant with the standard XCON data model.
   The 'confObjId' in the response is set to the XCON-URI of the new
   conference (in this case, "xcon:8977794@meetecho.com").  We also
   notice that this value is equal to the value of the "entity"
   attribute of the <conference-info> element of the document
   representing the newly created conference object.

   Alice creates a new conference by cloning the
   "xcon:AudioRoom@meetecho.com" blueprint:




  CCMP Client                                             CCMP Server
         |                                                       |
         | CCMP confRequest message                              |
         |   - confUserID: Alice                                 |
         |   - confObjId: AudioRoom                              |
         |   - operation: create                                 |
         |   - confInfo: (null)                                  |
         |------------------------------------------------------>|
         |                                                       |
         |                             CCMP confResponse message |



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         |                               - confUserID: Alice     |
         |                               - confObjId: newConfId  |
         |                               - operation: create     |
         |                               - responseCode: success |
         |                               - confInfo: newConfInfo |
         |<------------------------------------------------------|
         |                                                       |
         .                                                       .
         .                                                       .

  1. confRequest message:

  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
  <ccmp:ccmpRequest
        xmlns:info="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:conference-info"
        xmlns:ccmp="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcon:ccmp"
        xmlns:xcon="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcon-conference-info">
     <ccmpRequest
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xsi:type="ccmp:ccmp-conf-request-message-type">
        <confObjID>xcon:AudioRoom@meetecho.com</confObjID>
        <confUserID>xcon-userid:Alice@meetecho.com</confUserID>
        <operation>create</operation>
        <ccmp:confRequest/>
     </ccmpRequest>
  </ccmp:ccmpRequest>


  2. confResponse message from the server:

  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
  <ccmp:ccmpResponse
       xmlns:xcon="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcon-conference-info"
       xmlns:info="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:conference-info"
       xmlns:ccmp="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcon:ccmp">
    <ccmpResponse
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:type="ccmp:ccmp-conf-response-message-type">
       <confObjID>xcon:8977794@meetecho.com</confObjID>
       <confUserID>xcon-userid:Alice@meetecho.com</confUserID>
           <operation>create</operation>
       <ccmp:response-code>success</ccmp:response-code>
       <ccmp:confResponse>
            <confInfo entity="xcon:8977794@meetecho.com">
              <info:conference-description>
                  <info:display-text>
                     New conference by Alice cloned from AudioRoom
                  </info:display-text>



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                  <info:conf-uris>
                     <info:entry>
                        <info:uri>
                            xcon:8977794@meetecho.com
                        </info:uri>
                        <info:display-text>
                            conference xcon-uri
                        </info:display-text>
                        <xcon:conference-password>
                            8601
                        </xcon:conference-password>
                      </info:entry>
                   </info:conf-uris>
                   <info:maximum-user-count>10</info:maximum-user-count>
                   <info:available-media>
                          <info:entry label="11">
                              <info:type>audio</info:type>
                          </info:entry>
                   </info:available-media>
               </info:conference-description>
               <info:users>
                   <xcon:join-handling>allow</xcon:join-handling>
               </info:users>
                  <xcon:floor-information>
                     <xcon:floor-request-handling>
                        confirm</xcon:floor-request-handling>
                     <xcon:conference-floor-policy>
                       <xcon:floor id="11"/>
                     </xcon:conference-floor-policy>
                  </xcon:floor-information>
              </confInfo>
          </ccmp:confResponse>
      </ccmpResponse>
  </ccmp:ccmpResponse>




        Figure 19: Creating a new conference by cloning a blueprint

8.4.  Alice updates conference information

   This section illustrates the fourth transaction in the overall flow.
   Alice decides to modify some of the details associated with the
   conference she just created.  More precisely, she changes the
   <display-text> element under the <conference-description> element of
   the document representing the conference.  This is achieved through a
   "confRequest/update" message carrying the fragment of the conference



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   document to which the required changes have to be applied.  As shown
   in the picture, the response contains a code of 'success', which
   acknowledges the modifications requested by the client.

   Alice updates information about the conference she just created:




     CCMP Client                                             CCMP Server
          |                                                       |
          | CCMP confRequest message                              |
          |   - confUserID: Alice                                 |
          |   - confObjId: 897779                                 |
          |   - operation: update                                 |
          |   - confInfo: conf456Updates                          |
          |------------------------------------------------------>|
          |                                                       |
          |                             CCMP confResponse message |
          |                               - confUserID: Alice     |
          |                               - confObjId: 8977794    |
          |                               - operation: update     |
          |                               - responseCode: success |
          |                               - confInfo: (null)      |
          |<------------------------------------------------------|
          |                                                       |
          .                                                       .
          .                                                       .


   1. confRequest message:

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
   <ccmp:ccmpRequest
        xmlns:info="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:conference-info"
              xmlns:ccmp="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcon:ccmp"
        xmlns:xcon="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcon-conference-info">
     <ccmpRequest
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xsi:type="ccmp:ccmp-conf-request-message-type">
       <confObjID>xcon:8977794@meetecho.com</confObjID>
       <confUserID>xcon-userid:Alice@meetecho.com</confUserID>
       <operation>update</operation>
       <ccmp:confRequest>
            <confInfo entity="xcon:8977794@meetecho.com">
               <info:conference-description>
                 <info:display-text>
                    Alice's conference



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                 </info:display-text>
               </info:conference-description>
            </confInfo>
         </ccmp:confRequest>
     </ccmpRequest>
   </ccmp:ccmpRequest>


   2. confResponse message form the server:

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
   <ccmp:ccmpResponse
       xmlns:xcon="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcon-conference-info"
       xmlns:info="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:conference-info"
             xmlns:ccmp="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcon:ccmp">
     <ccmpResponse xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                  xsi:type="ccmp:ccmp-conf-response-message-type">
        <confObjID>xcon:8977794@meetecho.com</confObjID>
        <confUserID>xcon-userid:Alice@meetecho.com</confUserID>
            <operation>update</operation>
        <ccmp:response-code>success</ccmp:response-code>
        <ccmp:confResponse/>
     </ccmpResponse>
   </ccmp:ccmpResponse>



                Figure 20: Updating conference information

8.5.  Alice inserts a list of users in the conference object

   This section illustrates the fifth transaction in the overall flow.
   Alice modifies the <allowed-users-list> under the <users> element in
   the document associated with the conference she created.  To the
   purpose, she exploits the "usersRequest" message provided by the
   CCMP.  The picture below shows the transaction.

   Alice updates information about the list of users to whom access to
   the conference is permitted:



   CCMP Client                                             CCMP Server
        |                                                       |
        | CCMP usersRequest message                             |
        |   - confUserID: Alice                                 |
        |   - confObjId: 8977794                                |
        |   - operation: update                                 |



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        |   - usersInfo: usersUpdates                           |
        |------------------------------------------------------>|
        |                                                       |
        |                            CCMP usersResponse message |
        |                              - confUserID: Alice      |
        |                              - confObjId: 8977794     |
        |                              - operation: update      |
        |                              - responseCode: success  |
        |                              - usersInfo: (null)      |
        |<------------------------------------------------------|
        |                                                       |
        .                                                       .
        .                                                       .

 1. usersRequest message:

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
 <ccmp:ccmpRequest
      xmlns:xcon="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcon-conference-info"
            xmlns:info="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:conference-info"
            xmlns:ccmp="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcon:ccmp">
     <ccmpRequest xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                  xsi:type="ccmp:ccmp-users-request-message-type">
         <confObjID>xcon:8977794@meetecho.com</confObjID>
         <confUserID>xcon-userid:Alice@meetecho.com</confUserID>
         <operation>update</operation>
         <ccmp:usersRequest>
             <usersInfo>
                 <xcon:allowed-users-list>
                     <xcon:target method="dial out"
                                  uri="xmpp:cicciolo@pippozzo.com"/>
                     <xcon:target method="refer"
                                  uri="tel:+390817683823"/>
                     <xcon:target method="refer"
                                  uri="sip:Carol@example.com"/>
                 </xcon:allowed-users-list>
             </usersInfo>
         </ccmp:usersRequest>
     </ccmpRequest>
 </ccmp:ccmpRequest>


 2. usersResponse message form the server:

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
 <ccmp:ccmpResponse
       xmlns:xcon="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcon-conference-info"
                   xmlns:info="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:conference-info"



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                         xmlns:ccmp="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcon:ccmp">
     <ccmpResponse xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xsi:type="ccmp:ccmp-conf-response-message-type">
         <confObjID>xcon:8977794@meetecho.com</confObjID>
         <confUserID>xcon-userid:Alice@meetecho.com</confUserID>
                 <operation>update</operation>
         <ccmp:response-code>success</ccmp:response-code>
         <ccmp:confResponse/>
     </ccmpResponse>
 </ccmp:ccmpResponse>



     Figure 21: Updating the list of allowed users for the conference
                        'xcon:8977794@meetecho.com'

8.6.  Alice joins the conference

   This section illustrates the sixth transaction in the overall flow.
   Alice uses the CCMP to add herself to the newly created conference.
   This is achieved through a "userRequest/create" message containing,
   in the 'userInfo' parameter, a <user> element compliant with the XCON
   data model representation.  Notice that such element includes
   information about the user's Address of Records, as well as her
   current end-point.  The picture below shows the transaction.  Notice
   how the 'confUserId' parameter is equal to the "entity" attribute of
   the <userInfo> element, which indicates that the request issued by
   the client is a first-party one.

   Alice joins the conference by issuing a "userRequest/create" message
   with her own id to the server:



    CCMP Client                                             CCMP Server
         |                                                       |
         | CCMP userRequest message                              |
         |   - confUserID: Alice                                 |
         |   - confObjId: 8977794                                |
         |   - operation: create                                 |
         |   - userInfo: AliceUserInfo                           |
         |------------------------------------------------------>|
         |                                                       |
         |                             CCMP userResponse message |
         |                               - confUserID: Alice     |
         |                               - confObjId: 8977794    |
         |                               - operation: create     |
         |                               - responseCode: success |



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         |                               - userInfo: (null)      |
         |<------------------------------------------------------|
         |                                                       |
         .                                                       .
         .                                                       .

  1. userRequest message:

  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
  <ccmp:ccmpRequest
       xmlns:info="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:conference-info"
             xmlns:ccmp="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcon:ccmp"
             xmlns:xcon="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcon-conference-info">
      <ccmpRequest xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
              xsi:type="ccmp:ccmp-confUser-request-message-type">
          <confObjID>xcon:8977794@meetecho.com</confObjID>
          <confUserID>xcon-userid:Alice@meetecho.com</confUserID>
                  <operation>create</operation>
          <ccmp:confUserRequest>
              <userInfo entity="xcon-userid:Alice@meetecho.com">
                  <info:associated-aors>
                      <info:entry>
                          <info:uri>
                             mailto:Alice83@example.com
                          </info:uri>
                          <info:display-text>email</info:display-text>
                      </info:entry>
                  </info:associated-aors>
                  <info:endpoint entity="sip:alice_789@example.com"/>
              </userInfo>
          </ccmp:confUserRequest>
      </ccmpRequest>
  </ccmp:ccmpRequest>


  2. userResponse message form the server:

  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
  <ccmp:ccmpResponse
      xmlns:info="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:conference-info"
      xmlns:ccmp="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcon:ccmp"
      xmlns:xcon="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcon-conference-info">
     <ccmpResponse xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                    xsi:type="ccmp:ccmp-confUser-response-message-type">
          <confObjID>xcon:8977794@meetecho.com</confObjID>
          <confUserID>xcon-userid:Alice@meetecho.com</confUserID>
          <operation>create</operation>
          <ccmp:response-code>success</ccmp:response-code>



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          <ccmp:confUserResponse/>
      </ccmpResponse>
  </ccmp:ccmpResponse>



          Figure 22: Alice joins the conference through the CCMP

8.7.  Alice adds a new user to the conference

   This section illustrates the seventh and last transaction in the
   overall flow.  Alice uses the CCMP to add a new user to the
   conference.  This is achieved through a "userRequest/create" message
   containing, in the 'userInfo' parameter, a <user> element compliant
   with the XCON data model representation.  Notice that such element
   includes information about the user's Address of Records, as well as
   his current end-point.  The picture below shows the transaction.
   Notice how the 'confUserId' parameter in the request is Alice's id,
   whereas the <userInfo> element has no "entity" attribute and contains
   information about a different user, thus indicating that the request
   issued by the client is a third-party one.  This is also reflected in
   the response coming from the server, which this time contains a non-
   void <userInfo> element, whose "entity" attribute has been set by the
   server to the value of the newly created conference user id.

   Alice adds user "Ciccio" to the conference by issuing a third-party
   "userRequest/create" message to the server:



   CCMP Client                                             CCMP Server
        |                                                       |
        | CCMP userRequest message                              |
        |   - confUserID: Alice                                 |
        |   - confObjId: 8977794                                |
        |   - operation: create                                 |
        |   - usersInfo: CiccioUserInfo                         |
        |------------------------------------------------------>|
        |                                                       |
        |                             CCMP userResponse message |
        |                               - confUserID: Alice     |
        |                               - confObjId: 8977794    |
        |                               - operation: create     |
        |                               - responseCode: success |
        |                               - usersInfo: (not null!)|
        |<------------------------------------------------------|
        |                                                       |
        .                                                       .



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        .                                                       .

 1. "third party" userRequest message from Alice:

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
 <ccmp:ccmpRequest
        xmlns:info="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:conference-info"
        xmlns:ccmp="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcon:ccmp"
        xmlns:xcon="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcon-conference-info">
     <ccmpRequest xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                  xsi:type="ccmp:ccmp-confUser-request-message-type">
         <confObjID>xcon:8977794@meetecho.com</confObjID>
         <confUserID>xcon-userid:Alice@meetecho.com</confUserID>
         <operation>create</operation>
         <ccmp:confUserRequest>
             <userInfo>
                 <info:associated-aors>
                     <info:entry>
                         <info:uri>
                             mailto:ciccio@pernacchio.com
                         </info:uri>
                         <info:display-text>email</info:display-text>
                     </info:entry>
                 </info:associated-aors>
                 <info:endpoint entity="sip:ciccio@pernacchio.com"/>
             </userInfo>
         </ccmp:confUserRequest>
     </ccmpRequest>
 </ccmp:ccmpRequest>


 2. "third party" userResponse message form the server:

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
 <ccmp:ccmpResponse
        xmlns:info="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:conference-info"
        xmlns:ccmp="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcon:ccmp"
        xmlns:xcon="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcon-conference-info">
     <ccmpResponse xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xsi:type="ccmp:ccmp-confUser-response-message-type">
         <confObjID>8977794</confObjID>
         <confUserID>xcon-userid:Alice@meetecho.com</confUserID>
         <ccmp:response-code>success</ccmp:response-code>
         <operation>create</operation>
         <ccmp:confUserResponse>
             <confUserInfo entity="xcon-userid:bn90ujbkj@meetecho.com">
                 <info:associated-aors>
                     <info:entry>



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                         <info:uri>
                            mailto:ciccio@pernacchio.com
                         </info:uri>
                         <info:display-text>email</info:display-text>
                     </info:entry>
                 </info:associated-aors>
                 <info:endpoint entity="sip:ciccio@pernacchio.com"/>
             </confUserInfo>
         </ccmp:confUserResponse>
     </ccmpResponse>
 </ccmp:ccmpResponse>



    Figure 23: Alice adds a new user to the conference through the CCMP




































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9.  Locating a Conference Control Server

   If a conference control client is not pre-configured to use a
   specific conference control server for the requests, the client MUST
   first discover the conference control server before it can send any
   requests.  The result of the discovery process, is the address of the
   server supporting conferencing.  In this document, the result is an
   http: or https: URI, which identifies a conference server.

   This document proposes the use of DNS to locate the conferencing
   server.  U-NAPTR resolution for conferencing takes a domain name as
   input and produces a URI that identifies the conferencing server.
   This process also requires an Application Service tag and an
   Application Protocol tag, which differentiate conferencing-related
   NAPTR records from other records for that domain.

   Section 14.4.1 defines an Application Service tag of "XCON", which is
   used to identify the centralized conferencing (XCON) server for a
   particular domain.  The Application Protocol tag "CCMP", defined in
   Section 14.4.2, is used to identify an XCON server that understands
   the CCMP protocol.

   The NAPTR records in the following example Figure 24 demonstrate the
   use of the Application Service and Protocol tags.  Iterative NAPTR
   resolution is used to delegate responsibility for the conferencing
   service from "zonea.example.com." and "zoneb.example.com." to
   "outsource.example.com.".



             zonea.example.com.
             ;;       order pref flags
             IN NAPTR 100   10   ""  "XCON:CCMP" (     ; service
             ""                                        ; regex
             outsource.example.com.                    ; replacement
             )
             zoneb.example.com.
             ;;       order pref flags
             IN NAPTR 100   10   ""  "XCON:CCMP" (     ; service
             ""                                        ; regex
             outsource.example.com.                    ; replacement
             )
             outsource.example.com.
             ;;       order pref flags
             IN NAPTR 100   10   "u"  "XCON:CCMP" (    ; service
             "!*.!https://confs.example.com/!"         ; regex
             .                                         ; replacement
             )



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             Figure 24: Sample XCON:CCMP Service NAPTR Records

   Details for the "XCON" Application Service tag and the "CCMP"
   Application Protocol tag are included in Section 14.4.















































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10.  Managing Notifications

   In cases where the conference control client uses SIP [RFC3261] as
   the signaling protocol to participate in the conference, SIP event
   notification can be used.  This would REQUIRE the conference control
   client to implement the Conference event package for XCON
   [I-D.ietf-xcon-event-package].  This is the default mechanism for
   conferencing clients as is SIP for signaling per the XCON Framework
   [RFC5239].

   In the case where the interface to the conference server is entirely
   web based, there is a common mechanism for web-based systems that
   could be used - a "call back".  With this mechanism, the conference
   client provides the conference server with an HTTP URL which is
   invoked when a change occurs.  This is a common implementation
   mechanism for e-commerce.  This works well in the scenarios whereby
   the conferencing client is a web server that provides the graphical
   HTML user interface and uses CCMP as the backend interface to the
   conference server.  And, this model can co-exist with the SIP event
   notification model.  PC-based clients behind NATs could provide a SIP
   event URI, whereas web servers would probably find the HTTP model
   much easier to program.  The details of this approach are out of
   scope for the CCMP per se, thus the expectation is that a future
   specification will document this solution.



























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11.  HTTP Transport

   This section describes the use of HTTP [RFC2616] and HTTP Over TLS
   [RFC2818] as transport mechanisms for the CCMP protocol, which a
   conforming conference Server and Conferencing client MUST support.

   Although CCMP uses HTTP as a transport, it uses a strict subset of
   HTTP features, and due to the restrictions of some features, a
   conferencing server may not a fully compliant HTTP server.  It is
   intended that a conference server can easily be built using an HTTP
   server with extensibility mechanisms, and that a conferencing client
   can trivially use existing HTTP libraries.  This subset of
   requirements helps implementors avoid ambiguity with the many options
   the full HTTP protocol offers.

   A conferencing client that conforms to this specification SHOULD NOT
   be required to support HTTP authentication [RFC2617] or cookies
   [RFC2965].  Because the conferencing client and the conference server
   may have a prior relationship, the conference server SHOULD NOT
   require a conferencing client to authenticate, either using the above
   HTTP authentication methods or TLS client authentication.

   A CCMP request is carried in the body of an HTTP POST request.  The
   conferencing client MUST include a Host header in the request.

   The MIME type of CCMP request and response bodies is "application/
   ccmp+xml".  The conference server and conferencing client MUST
   provide this value in the HTTP Content-Type and Accept header fields.
   If the conference server does not receive the appropriate Content-
   Type and Accept header fields, the conference server SHOULD fail the
   request, returning a 406 (not acceptable) response.  CCMP responses
   SHOULD include a Content-Length header.

   Conferencing clients MUST NOT use the "Expect" header or the "Range"
   header in CCMP requests.  The conference server MAY return 501 (not
   implemented) errors if either of these HTTP features are used.  In
   the case that the conference server receives a request from the
   conferencing client containing a If-* (conditional) header, the
   conference server SHOULD return a 412 (precondition failed) response.

   The POST method is the only method REQUIRED for CCMP.  If a
   conference server chooses to support GET or HEAD, it SHOULD consider
   the kind of application doing the GET.  Since a conferencing client
   only uses a POST method, the GET or HEAD MUST be either an escaped
   URL (e.g., somebody found a URL in protocol traces or log files and
   fed it into their browser) or somebody doing testing/ debugging.  The
   conference server could provide information in the HELD response
   indicating that the URL corresponds to a conference server and only



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   responds to CCMP POST requests or the conference server could instead
   try to avoid any leak of information by returning a very generic HTTP
   error message such as 404 (not found).

   The conference server populates the HTTP headers of responses so that
   they are consistent with the contents of the message.  In particular,
   the "CacheControl" header SHOULD be set to disable caching of any
   conference information by HTTP intermediaries.  Otherwise, there is
   the risk of stale information and/or the unauthorized disclosure of
   the information.  The HTTP status code MUST indicate a 2xx series
   response for all CCMP Response and Error messages.

   The conference server MAY redirect a CCMP request.  A conferencing
   client MUST handle redirects, by using the Location header provided
   by the server in a 3xx response.  When redirecting, the conferencing
   client MUST observe the delay indicated by the Retry-After header.
   The conferencing client MUST authenticate the server that returns the
   redirect response before following the redirect.  A conferencing
   client SHOULD authenticate the conference server indicated in a
   redirect.

   The conference server SHOULD support persistent connections and
   request pipelining.  If pipelining is not supported, the conference
   server MUST NOT allow persistent connections.  The conference server
   MUST support termination of a response by the closing of a
   connection.

   Implementations of CCMP that implement HTTP transport MUST implement
   transport over TLS [RFC2818].  TLS provides message integrity and
   confidentiality between the conference control client and the
   conference control server.  The conferencing client MUST implement
   the server authentication method described in HTTPS [RFC2818].  The
   device uses the URI obtained during conference server discovery to
   authenticate the server.  The details of this authentication method
   are provided in section 3.1 of HTTPS [RFC2818].  When TLS is used,
   the conferencing client SHOULD fail a request if server
   authentication fails.














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12.  Security Considerations

   As identified in the XCON framework [RFC5239], there are a wide
   variety of potential attacks related to conferencing, due to the
   natural involvement of multiple endpoints and the capability to
   manipulate the data on the conference server using CCMP.  Examples of
   attacks include the following: an endpoint attempting to listen to
   conferences in which it is not authorized to participate, an endpoint
   attempting to disconnect or mute other users, and theft of service by
   an endpoint in attempting to create conferences it is not allowed to
   create.

   The following summarizes the security considerations for CCMP:

   1.  The client MUST determine the proper conference server.  The
       conference server discovery is described in .

   2.  The client MSUT connect to the proper conference server.  The
       mechanisms for addressing this security consideration are
       described in Section 12.1.

   3.  The protocol MUST support a confidentiality and integrity
       mechanism.  As described in Section 11, implementations of CCMP
       MUST implement the HTTP transport over TLS [RFC2818].

   4.  There are security issues associated with the authorization to
       perform actions on the conferencing system to invoke specific
       capabilities.  A conference server SHOULD ensure that only
       authorized entities can manipulate the conference data.  The
       mechanisms for addressing this security consideration are
       described in Section 12.2.

   5.  The privacy and security of the identity of a user in the
       conference MUST be assured.  The mechanisms to ensure the
       security and privacy of identity are discussed in Section 12.3.

   6.  A final issue is related to Denial of Service (DoS) attacks on
       the conferencing server itself.  In order to minimize the
       potential for DoS attacks, it is RECOMMENDED that conferencing
       systems require user authentication and authorization for any
       client participating in a conference.  This can be accomplished
       through the use of the mechanisms described in Section 12.2, as
       well as by using the security mechanisms associated with the
       specific signaling (e.g., SIPS) and media protocols (e.g., SRTP).







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12.1.  Assuring that the Proper Conferencing Server has been contacted

   When the CCMP transaction is conducted using TLS [RFC5246], the
   conference server can authenticate its identity, either as a domain
   name or as an IP address, to the conference client by presenting a
   certificate containing that identifier as a subjectAltName (i.e., as
   an iPAddress or dNSName, respectively).  With the use of HTTP as a
   transport for CCMP, this is exactly the authentication described by
   TLS [RFC2818].  If the client has external information as to the
   expected identity or credentials of the proper conference server
   (e.g., a certificate fingerprint), these checks MAY be omitted.  Any
   implementation of CCMP MUST be capable of being transacted over TLS
   so that the client can request the above authentication, and a
   conference server implementation MUST include this feature.  Note
   that in order for the presented certificate to be valid at the
   client, the client must be able to validate the certificate.  In
   particular, the validation path of the certificate must end in one of
   the client's trust anchors, even if that trust anchor is the
   conference server certificate itself.

12.2.  User Authentication and Authorization

   Many policy authorization decisions are based on the identity of the
   user or the role that a user may have.  The conferencing server MUST
   implement mechanisms for authentication of users to validate their
   identity.  There are several ways that a user might authenticate its
   identity to the system.  For users joining a conference using one of
   the call signaling protocols, the user authentication mechanisms for
   the specific protocol can be used.  For the case of users joining the
   conference using the CCMP, TLS is RECOMMENDED.

   The XCON Framework [RFC5239] provides an overview of other
   authorization mechanisms.  In the cases where a user is authorized
   via multiple mechanisms, it is RECOMMENDED that the conference server
   correlate the authorization of the CCMP interface with other
   authorization mechanisms - e.g., PSTN users that join with a PIN and
   control the conference using CCMP.  When a conference server presents
   the identity of authorized users, it MAY provide information about
   the way the identity was proven or verified by the system.  A
   conference server can also allow a completely unauthenticated user
   into the system - this information SHOULD also be communicated to
   interested parties.

   Once a user is authenticated and authorized through the various
   mechanisms available on the conference server, the conference server
   MUST allocate a conference user identifier (XCON-USERID) and SHOULD
   associate the XCON-USERID with any signaling specific user
   identifiers that were used for authentication and authorization.



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   This XCON-USERID can be provided to a specific user through the
   conference notification interface and MUST be provided to users that
   interact with the conferencing system using the CCMP (i.e., in the
   appropriate CCMP response messages).  This conference user identifier
   is REQUIRED for any subsequent operations on the conference object.

12.3.  Security and Privacy of Identity

   An overview of the REQUIRED privacy and anonymity for users of a
   conferencing system are provided in the XCON Framework [RFC5239].
   The security of the identity in the form of the XCON-USERID is
   provided in the CCMP protocol through the use of TLS.

   The conference server SHOULD provide mechanisms to ensure the privacy
   of the XCON-USERID.  This is accomplished by the conference client
   manipulation of the "provide-anonymity" element defined in the XCON
   data model ([I-D.ietf-xcon-common-data-model].  The "provide-
   anonymity" element controls the degree to which a user reveals their
   identity.  The conference client MUST set the "provide-anonymity"
   element to "hidden" if the user does not want other participants to
   even be aware that there is an additional participant in the
   conference.  The conference client MUST set the "provide-anonymity"
   field to "private" the user wants to be entirely "anonymous" (i.e.,
   other participants are aware that there is another participant, but
   have no information as to their identity).  The conference client
   MUST set the "provide-anonymity" field to "semi-private" if their
   identity is only to be revealed to other participants or users that
   have a higher level authorization (e.g., a conferencing system can be
   configured such that an administrator can see all users).  To provide
   the required privacy, the conference client SHOULD include the
   "provide-anonymity" element in the "confInfo" parameter in a CCMP
   confRequest message with an "update" or "create" operation or in the
   "userInfo" parameter in a CCMP userRequest message with an "update"
   or "create" operation, to ensure the user is provided the appropriate
   level of privacy.  If the "provide-anonymity" element is not included
   in the conference object, then other users can see the participant's
   identity.














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13.  XML Schema

   This section provides the XML schema definition of the "application/
   ccmp+xml" format.



  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
     <xs:schema
         targetNamespace="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcon:ccmp"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcon:ccmp"
         xmlns:tns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcon:ccmp"
         xmlns:dm="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcon-conference-info"
         xmlns:info="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:conference-info"
         xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

         <xs:import
             namespace="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcon-conference-info"
             schemaLocation="DataModel.xsd"/>
         <xs:import
             namespace="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:conference-info"
             schemaLocation="rfc4575.xsd"/>

         <xs:element name="ccmpRequest" type="ccmp-request-type" />
         <xs:element name="ccmpResponse" type="ccmp-response-type" />


  <!-- CCMP request definition -->

  <xs:complexType name="ccmp-request-type">
          <xs:sequence>
                  <xs:element name="ccmpRequest"
        type="ccmp-request-message-type" />
    </xs:sequence>
  </xs:complexType>

  <!-- CCMP response definition -->

  <xs:complexType name="ccmp-response-type">
          <xs:sequence>
                  <xs:element name="ccmpResponse"
                          type="ccmp-response-message-type" />
          </xs:sequence>
  </xs:complexType>

  <!--  Definition of ccmp-request-message-type -->




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     <xs:complexType abstract="true"
      name="ccmp-request-message-type">
      <xs:sequence>
       <xs:element name="confUserID" type="xs:string"
                                  minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />
       <xs:element name="confObjID" type="xs:string"
                                  minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />
                   <xs:element name="operation" type="operationType"
                                  minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />
       <xs:element name="password" type="xs:string"
                                          minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />
      </xs:sequence>
     </xs:complexType>

     <!-- blueprintsRequest -->
     <xs:complexType name="ccmp-blueprints-request-message-type">
      <xs:complexContent>
       <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-request-message-type"/>
      </xs:complexContent>
     </xs:complexType>

     <!--  blueprintRequest -->
     <xs:complexType name="ccmp-blueprint-request-message-type">
      <xs:complexContent>
       <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-request-message-type">
        <xs:sequence>
         <xs:element ref="blueprintRequest" />
        </xs:sequence>
       </xs:extension>
      </xs:complexContent>
     </xs:complexType>

     <!-- blueprintRequestType -->

     <xs:element name="blueprintRequest" type="blueprintRequestType" />

     <xs:complexType name="blueprintRequestType">
       <xs:sequence>
          <xs:element name="blueprintInfo"
             type="info:conference-type" minOccurs="0"/>
       </xs:sequence>
     </xs:complexType>

                  <!-- confsRequest -->
     <xs:complexType name="ccmp-confs-request-message-type">
       <xs:complexContent>
        <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-request-message-type"/>
       </xs:complexContent>



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     </xs:complexType>


                  <!-- confRequest -->
     <xs:complexType name="ccmp-conf-request-message-type">
      <xs:complexContent>
       <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-request-message-type">
        <xs:sequence>
         <xs:element ref="confRequest" />
        </xs:sequence>
       </xs:extension>
      </xs:complexContent>
     </xs:complexType>

     <!-- confRequestType -->

     <xs:element name="confRequest" type="confRequestType" />

       <xs:complexType name="confRequestType">
       <xs:sequence>
          <xs:element name="confInfo"
              type="info:conference-type" minOccurs="0"/>
       </xs:sequence>
     </xs:complexType>

     <!-- usersRequest -->
     <xs:complexType name="ccmp-users-request-message-type">
      <xs:complexContent>
       <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-request-message-type">
        <xs:sequence>
         <xs:element ref="usersRequest" />
        </xs:sequence>
       </xs:extension>
      </xs:complexContent>
     </xs:complexType>

     <!-- usersRequestType -->

     <xs:element name="usersRequest" type="usersRequestType" />

                  <xs:complexType name="usersRequestType">
                          <xs:sequence>
                                  <xs:element name="usersInfo"
              type="info:users-type" minOccurs="0" />
                          </xs:sequence>
                  </xs:complexType>

     <!-- userRequest -->



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     <xs:complexType name="ccmp-user-request-message-type">
      <xs:complexContent>
       <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-request-message-type">
        <xs:sequence>
         <xs:element ref="userRequest" />
        </xs:sequence>
       </xs:extension>
      </xs:complexContent>
     </xs:complexType>

     <!-- userRequestType -->

            <xs:element name="userRequest" type="userRequestType" />

                  <xs:complexType name="userRequestType">
                          <xs:sequence>
                                  <xs:element name="userInfo"
              type="info:user-type" minOccurs="0" />
                          </xs:sequence>
                  </xs:complexType>

                  <!-- sidebarsByValRequest -->

     <xs:complexType name="ccmp-sidebarsByVal-request-message-type">
      <xs:complexContent>
       <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-request-message-type"/>
      </xs:complexContent>
     </xs:complexType>

                  <!-- sidebarsByRefRequest -->
     <xs:complexType name="ccmp-sidebarsByRef-request-message-type">
      <xs:complexContent>
       <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-request-message-type"/>
      </xs:complexContent>
     </xs:complexType>

                  <!-- sidebarByValRequest -->

     <xs:complexType name="ccmp-sidebarByVal-request-message-type">
      <xs:complexContent>
       <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-request-message-type">
        <xs:sequence>
         <xs:element ref="sidebarByValRequest" />
        </xs:sequence>
       </xs:extension>
      </xs:complexContent>
     </xs:complexType>




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     <!-- sidebarByValRequestType -->

     <xs:element name="sidebarByValRequest"
         type="sidebarByValRequestType" />

       <xs:complexType name="sidebarByValRequestType">
       <xs:sequence>
          <xs:element name="sidebarByValInfo"
              type="info:conference-type" minOccurs="0"/>
       </xs:sequence>
     </xs:complexType>

                  <!-- sidebarByRefRequest -->

     <xs:complexType name="ccmp-sidebarByRef-request-message-type">
      <xs:complexContent>
       <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-request-message-type">
        <xs:sequence>
         <xs:element ref="sidebarByRefRequest" />
        </xs:sequence>
       </xs:extension>
      </xs:complexContent>
     </xs:complexType>

     <!-- sidebarByRefRequestType -->

     <xs:element name="sidebarByRefRequest"
                 type="sidebarByRefRequestType" />

       <xs:complexType name="sidebarByRefRequestType">
       <xs:sequence>
          <xs:element name="sidebarByRefInfo"
              type="info:conference-type" minOccurs="0"/>
       </xs:sequence>
     </xs:complexType>

                  <!--  Definition of ccmp-response-message-type -->

     <xs:complexType abstract="true"
                  name="ccmp-response-message-type">
      <xs:sequence>
       <xs:element name="confUserID" type="xs:string"
                                  minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" />
       <xs:element name="confObjID" type="xs:string"
                                  minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />
       <xs:element name="operation" minOccurs="0"
                                  maxOccurs="1" />
       <xs:element ref="response-code" minOccurs="1"



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                                  maxOccurs="1" />
      </xs:sequence>
     </xs:complexType>

                  <!-- blueprintsResponse -->
     <xs:complexType name="ccmp-blueprints-response-message-type">
      <xs:complexContent>
       <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-response-message-type">
        <xs:sequence>
          <xs:element ref="blueprintsResponse" />
        </xs:sequence>
       </xs:extension>
      </xs:complexContent>
     </xs:complexType>

     <!-- blueprintsResponseType -->

     <xs:element name="blueprintsResponse"
                 type="blueprintsResponseType" />

       <xs:complexType name="blueprintsResponseType">
       <xs:sequence>
          <xs:element name="blueprintsInfo"
              type="info:uris-type" minOccurs="0"/>
       </xs:sequence>
     </xs:complexType>

                  <!-- blueprintResponse -->
     <xs:complexType name="ccmp-blueprint-response-message-type">
      <xs:complexContent>
       <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-response-message-type">
        <xs:sequence>
         <xs:element ref="blueprintResponse" />
        </xs:sequence>
       </xs:extension>
      </xs:complexContent>
     </xs:complexType>

     <!-- blueprintResponseType -->

     <xs:element name="blueprintResponse"
         type="blueprintResponseType" />
      <xs:complexType name="blueprintResponseType">
       <xs:sequence>
          <xs:element name="blueprintInfo" type="info:conference-type"/>
       </xs:sequence>
     </xs:complexType>




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                  <!-- confsResponse -->
     <xs:complexType name="ccmp-confs-response-message-type">
      <xs:complexContent>
       <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-response-message-type">
        <xs:sequence>
         <xs:element ref="confsResponse" />
        </xs:sequence>
       </xs:extension>
      </xs:complexContent>
     </xs:complexType>

     <!-- confsResponseType -->

     <xs:element name="confsResponse"
                 type="confsResponseType" />

       <xs:complexType name="confsResponseType">
       <xs:sequence>
          <xs:element name="confsInfo"
          type="info:uris-type" minOccurs="0"/>
       </xs:sequence>
     </xs:complexType>

                  <!-- confResponse -->
     <xs:complexType name="ccmp-conf-response-message-type">
      <xs:complexContent>
       <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-response-message-type">
        <xs:sequence>
         <xs:element ref="confResponse" />
        </xs:sequence>
       </xs:extension>
      </xs:complexContent>
     </xs:complexType>

     <!-- confResponseType -->

     <xs:element name="confResponse"
                type="confResponseType" />
     <xs:complexType name="confResponseType">
       <xs:sequence>
          <xs:element name="confInfo"
                      type="info:conference-type"/>
       </xs:sequence>
     </xs:complexType>

                  <!-- usersResponse -->
     <xs:complexType name="ccmp-users-response-message-type">
      <xs:complexContent>



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       <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-response-message-type">
        <xs:sequence>
         <xs:element ref="usersResponse" />
        </xs:sequence>
       </xs:extension>
      </xs:complexContent>
     </xs:complexType>

     <!-- usersResponseType -->

     <xs:element name="usersResponse" type="usersResponseType" />

     <xs:complexType name="usersResponseType">
       <xs:sequence>
          <xs:element name="usersInfo" type="info:users-type"/>
       </xs:sequence>
     </xs:complexType>


                  <!-- userResponse -->
     <xs:complexType name="ccmp-user-response-message-type">
      <xs:complexContent>
       <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-response-message-type">
        <xs:sequence>
         <xs:element ref="userResponse" />
        </xs:sequence>
       </xs:extension>
      </xs:complexContent>
     </xs:complexType>

     <!-- userResponseType -->

     <xs:element name="userResponse" type="userResponseType" />
     <xs:complexType name="userResponseType">
       <xs:sequence>
          <xs:element name="userInfo" type="info:user-type"/>
       </xs:sequence>
     </xs:complexType>

                  <!-- sidebarsByValResponse -->

     <xs:complexType name="ccmp-sidebarsByVal-response-message-type">
      <xs:complexContent>
       <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-response-message-type">
        <xs:sequence>
         <xs:element ref="sidebarsByValResponse" />
        </xs:sequence>
       </xs:extension>



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      </xs:complexContent>
     </xs:complexType>

     <!-- sidebarsByValResponseType -->

     <xs:element name="sidebarsByValResponse"
         type="sidebarsByValResponseType" />

     <xs:complexType name="sidebarsByValResponseType">
       <xs:sequence>
          <xs:element name="sidebarsByValInfo"
              type="info:sidebars-by-val-type"/>
       </xs:sequence>
     </xs:complexType>

                  <!-- sidebarsByRefResponse -->

     <xs:complexType name="ccmp-sidebarsByref-response-message-type">
      <xs:complexContent>
       <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-response-message-type">
        <xs:sequence>
         <xs:element ref="sidebarsByRefResponse" />
        </xs:sequence>
       </xs:extension>
      </xs:complexContent>
     </xs:complexType>

     <!-- sidebarsByRefResponseType -->

     <xs:element name="sidebarsByRefResponse"
         type="sidebarsByRefResponseType" />
     <xs:complexType name="sidebarsByRefResponseType">
       <xs:sequence>
          <xs:element name="sidebarsByRefInfo"
              type="info:uris-type"/>
       </xs:sequence>
     </xs:complexType>

                  <!-- sidebarByValResponse -->

     <xs:complexType name="ccmp-sidebarByVal-response-message-type">
      <xs:complexContent>
       <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-response-message-type">
        <xs:sequence>
         <xs:element ref="sidebarByValResponse" />
        </xs:sequence>
       </xs:extension>
      </xs:complexContent>



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     </xs:complexType>

     <!-- sidebarByValResponseType -->

     <xs:element name="sidebarByValResponse"
          type="sidebarByValResponseType" />

      <xs:complexType name="sidebarByValResponseType">
       <xs:sequence>
          <xs:element name="sidebarByValInfo"
              type="info:conference-type"/>
       </xs:sequence>
     </xs:complexType>

                  <!-- sidebarByRefResponse -->

     <xs:complexType name="ccmp-sidebarByref-response-message-type">
      <xs:complexContent>
       <xs:extension base="tns:ccmp-response-message-type">
        <xs:sequence>
         <xs:element ref="sidebarByRefResponse" />
        </xs:sequence>
       </xs:extension>
      </xs:complexContent>
     </xs:complexType>

     <!-- sidebarByRefResponseType -->

     <xs:element name="sidebarByRefResponse"
         type="sidebarByRefResponseType" />

      <xs:complexType name="sidebarByRefResponseType">
       <xs:sequence>
          <xs:element name="sidebarByRefInfo"
              type="info:conference-type"/>
       </xs:sequence>
     </xs:complexType>

     <!-- response-code -->

     <xs:element name="response-code" type="response-codeType" />

     <xs:simpleType name="response-codeType">
       <xs:restriction base="xs:token">
         <xs:enumeration value="success"/>
         <xs:enumeration value="pending"/>
         <xs:enumeration value="modified"/>
         <xs:enumeration value="badRequest"/>



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         <xs:enumeration value="unauthorized"/>
         <xs:enumeration value="forbidden"/>
         <xs:enumeration value="objectNotFound"/>
         <xs:enumeration value="userNotFound"/>
         <xs:enumeration value="invalidConfUserID"/>
         <xs:enumeration value="passwordRequired"/>
         <xs:enumeration value="invalidPassword"/>
         <xs:enumeration value="forbiddenDeleteParent"/>
         <xs:enumeration value="forbiddenChangeProtected"/>
         <xs:enumeration value="requestTimeout"/>
         <xs:enumeration value="serverInternalError"/>
         <xs:enumeration value="notImplemented"/>
       </xs:restriction>
     </xs:simpleType>

      <!-- operationType -->

     <xs:simpleType name="operationType">
       <xs:restriction base="xs:token">
         <xs:enumeration value="retrieve"/>
         <xs:enumeration value="create"/>
         <xs:enumeration value="update"/>
         <xs:enumeration value="delete"/>
       </xs:restriction>
     </xs:simpleType>
    </xs:schema>


                                 Figure 25






















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14.  IANA Considerations

   This document registers a new XML namespace, a new XML schema, and
   the MIME type for the schema.  This document also registers the
   "XCON" Application Service tag and the "CCMP" Application Protocol
   tag.  This document also defines registries for the CCMP operation
   types and response codes.

14.1.  URN Sub-Namespace Registration

   This section registers a new XML namespace,
   ""urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcon:ccmp"".

      URI: "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcon:ccmp"

      Registrant Contact: IETF, XCON working group, (xcon@ietf.org),
      Mary Barnes (mary.barnes@nortel.com).

      XML:


         BEGIN
           <?xml version="1.0"?>
           <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
             "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
           <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
             <head>
               <title>CCMP Messages</title>
             </head>
             <body>
               <h1>Namespace for CCMP Messages</h1>
               <h2>urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcon:ccmp</h2>
   [[NOTE TO IANA/RFC-EDITOR: Please update RFC URL and replace XXXX
       with the RFC number for this specification.]]
               <p>See <a href="[[RFC URL]]">RFCXXXX</a>.</p>
             </body>
           </html>
         END


14.2.  XML Schema Registration

   This section registers an XML schema as per the guidelines in
   [RFC3688].







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   URI:  urn:ietf:params:xml:schema:xcon:ccmp

   Registrant Contact:  IETF, XCON working group, (xcon@ietf.org), Mary
      Barnes (mary.barnes@nortel.com).

   Schema:  The XML for this schema can be found as the entirety of
      Section 13 of this document.

14.3.  MIME Media Type Registration for 'application/ccmp+xml'

   This section registers the "application/ccmp+xml" MIME type.

   To:  ietf-types@iana.org

   Subject:  Registration of MIME media type application/ccmp+xml

   MIME media type name:  application

   MIME subtype name:  ccmp+xml

   Required parameters:  (none)

   Optional parameters:  charset
      Indicates the character encoding of enclosed XML for which the
      default is UTF-8.

   Encoding considerations:  Uses XML, which can employ 8-bit
      characters, depending on the character encoding used.  See RFC
      3023 [RFC3023], section 3.2.

   Security considerations:  This content type is designed to carry
      protocol data related conference control.  Some of the data could
      be considered private and thus should be protected.

   Interoperability considerations:  None.

   Published specification:  RFC XXXX [[NOTE TO IANA/RFC-EDITOR: Please
      replace XXXX with the RFC number for this specification.]]

   Applications which use this media type:  Centralized Conferencing
      control clients and servers.

   Additional Information:  Magic Number(s): (none)
      File extension(s): .xml
      Macintosh File Type Code(s): (none)






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   Person & email address to contact for further information:  Mary
      Barnes <mary.barnes@nortel.com>

   Intended usage:  LIMITED USE

   Author/Change controller:  The IETF

   Other information:  This media type is a specialization of
      application/xml [RFC3023], and many of the considerations
      described there also apply to application/ccmp+xml.

14.4.  DNS Registrations

   Section 14.4.1 defines an Application Service tag of "XCON", which is
   used to identify the centralized conferencing (XCON) server for a
   particular domain.  The Application Protocol tag "CCMP", defined in
   Section 14.4.2, is used to identify an XCON server that understands
   the CCMP protocol.

14.4.1.  Registration of a Location Server Application Service Tag

   This section registers a new S-NAPTR/U-NAPTR Application Service tag
   for XCON, as mandated by [RFC3958].

   Application Service Tag: XCON

   Intended usage: Identifies a server that supports centralized
   conferencing.

   Defining publication: RFCXXXX

   Contact information: The authors of this document

   Author/Change controller: The IESG

14.4.2.  Registration of a Location Server Application Protocol Tag for
         HELD

   This section registers a new S-NAPTR/U-NAPTR Application Protocol tag
   for the CCMP protocol, as mandated by [RFC3958].

   Application Service Tag: CCMP

   Intended Usage: Identifies the Centralized Conferencing (XCON)
   Manipulation Protocol.

   Applicable Service Tag(s): XCON




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   Terminal NAPTR Record Type(s): U

   Defining Publication: RFCXXXX

   Contact Information: The authors of this document

   Author/Change Controller: The IESG

14.5.  CCMP Protocol Registry

   This document requests that the IANA create a new registry for the
   CCMP protocol including an initial registry for operation types and
   response codes.

14.5.1.  CCMP Message Types

   The CCMP messages are described in Section 7 and defined in the XML
   schema in Section 13.  The following summarizes the requested
   registry:

   Related Registry:   CCMP Message Types Registry

   Defining RFC:  RFC XXXX [NOTE TO IANA/RFC-EDITOR: Please replace XXXX
      with the RFC number for this specification.]

   Registration/Assignment Procedures:  New CCMP message types are
      allocated on a specification required basis.

   Registrant Contact:  IETF, XCON working group, (xcon@ietf.org), Mary
      Barnes (mary.barnes@nortel.com).

   This section pre-registers the following initial CCMP message types:

   blueprintsRequest:  Used by a conference control client to query a
      conferencing system for its capabilities, in terms of available
      conference blueprints.

   blueprintsResponse:  The optionsResponse returns a list of Blueprints
      supported by the specific conference server.

   confsRequest:  Used by a conference control client to query a
      conferencing system for its scheduled/active conferences.

   confsResponse:  The confsResponse returns the list of the currently
      activated/scheduled conferences at the server.






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   confRequest:  The confRequest is used to create a conference object
      and/or to request an operation on the conference object as a
      whole.

   confResponse:  The confResponse indicates the result of the operation
      on the conference object as a whole.

   userRequest:  The userRequest is used to request an operation on the
      "user" element in the conference object.

   userResponse:  The userResponse indicates the result of the requested
      operation on the "user" element in the conference object.

   usersRequest  This usersRequest is used to manipulate the "users"
      element in the conference object, including parameters such as the
      allowed-users-list, join-handling, etc.

   usersResponse:  This usersResponse indicates the result of the
      request to manipulate the "users" element in the conference
      object.

   sidebarRequest:  This sidebarRequest is used to retrieve the
      information related to a sidebar or to create, change or delete a
      specific sidebar.

   sidebarResponse:  This sidebarResponse indicates the result of the
      sidebarRequest.

14.5.2.  CCMP Response Codes

   The following summarizes the requested registry for CCMP Response
   codes:

   Related Registry:   CCMP Response Code Registry

   Defining RFC:  RFC XXXX [NOTE TO IANA/RFC-EDITOR: Please replace XXXX
      with the RFC number for this specification.]

   Registration/Assignment Procedures:  New response codes are allocated
      on a first-come/first-serve basis with specification required.

   Registrant Contact:  IETF, XCON working group, (xcon@ietf.org), Mary
      Barnes (mary.barnes@nortel.com).

   This section pre-registers the following thirteen initial response
   codes as described above in Section 7:





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   success:  This code indicates that the request was successfully
      processed.

   modified:  This code indicates that the object was created, but may
      differ from the request.

   badRequest:  This code indicates that the request was badly formed in
      some fashion.

   unauthorized:  This code indicates that the user was not authorized
      for the specific operation on the conference object.

   forbidden:  This code indicates that the specific operation is not
      valid for the target conference object.

   objectNotFound:  This code indicates that the specific conference
      object was not found.

   userNotFound:  This code is returned in answer to a 'userRequest/
      create' operation, in the case of a third-party invite, when the
      'confUserId' (contained in the 'entity' attribute of the
      'userInfo' parameter) of the user to be added is unknown.

   invalidConfUserID:  This code is returned in the case of requests in
      which the 'confUserID' of the sender is invalid.

   invalidPassword:  This code is returned in response to all requests
      wishing to access/manipulate a password-protected conference
      object, when the 'password' parameter contained in the request is
      wrong.

   passwordRequired:  This code is returned in response to all requests
      wishing to access/manipulate a password-protected conference
      object, when the 'password' parameter is missing in the request.

   operationNotAllowed:  This code indicates that the specific operation
      is not allowed for the target conference object (e.g.., due to
      policies, etc.)

   deleteFailedParent:  This code indicates that the conferencing system
      cannot delete the specific conference object because it is a
      parent for another conference object.

   changeFailedProtected:  This code indicates that the target
      conference object cannot be changed (e.g., due to policies, roles,
      privileges, etc.).





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   requestTimeout:  This code indicates that the request could not be
      processed within a reasonable time, with the time specific to a
      conferencing system implementation.

   serverInternalError:  This code indicates that the conferencing
      system experienced some sort of internal error.

   notImplemented:  This code indicates that the specific operation is
      not implemented on that conferencing system.










































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15.  Acknowledgments

   The authors appreciate the feedback provided by Dave Morgan, Pierre
   Tane, Lorenzo Miniero, Tobia Castaldi, Theo Zourzouvillys, Sean Duddy
   and Oscar Novo.  Special thanks go to Roberta Presta for her
   invaluable contribution to this document.  Roberta has worked on the
   specification of the CCMP protocol at the University of Napoli for
   the preparation of her Master thesis.  She has also implemented the
   CCMP prototype used for the trials and from which the dumps provided
   in Section 8 have been extracted.









































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16.  Changes since last Version

   NOTE TO THE RFC-Editor: Please remove this section prior to
   publication as an RFC.

   The following summarizes the changes between the WG 02 and the 03:

   1.  Clarified that the confUserID is optional in the generic CCMP
       request message for a userRequest with a "create" operation.

   2.  Added responseCode (error cases) handling - a general section for
       each of the operations (as part of CCMP Response Code section),
       so we don't need to re-iterate for each of the messages and
       message specific cases as appropriate (e.g., deleteParentFailed,
       modified)

   3.  Moved "operation" parameter to be part of general CCMP request
       and response messages since it is used for more than one message
       type.  And, it's necessary to define before describing the
       operation specific responseCode handling.

   4.  Revised normative statements for the various protocol messages
       and operations - e.g., messages MUST include parameter x versus
       SHOULD, adding text for handling of cases where the SHOULDs don't
       happen and the SHOULD NOTs do.  Added descriptions for all the
       operation types, as appropriate.

   5.  Added lots more details in the security section.

   6.  Added section to describe requirements for an HTTP implementation
       to support CCMP.

   7.  Updated section on notifications - XCON SIP event package is
       default, with some discussion of an HTTP callback mechanism
       (ffs).

   8.  Misc editorial nits: qualifying message names in the text, etc.,
       etc., etc.

   The following summarizes the changes between the WG 01 and the 02:

   1.  Changed the basic approach from REST to HTTP as a transport.
       This impacted most of the document - i.e., a major rewrite - 02
       is closer to 00 than the 01.

   2.  Added full example based on prototype.

   The following summarizes the changes between the WG 00 and the 01:



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   1.  Changed the basic approach from using SOAP to REST - the
       fundamentals are the same in terms of schema, basic operations.
       This impacted most sections, in particular introduction and
       motivation.

   2.  Added new request types - blueprintsRequest, blueprintRequest and
       confsRequest.  The first replaces the optionsRequest and the
       latter allows the client to get a list of all active conferences.

   3.  Merged all requests into the basic operations table.  Added
       summary of RESTful examples (referenced by the basic operations
       table.

   4.  Added examples showing RESTful approach - i.e., HTTP methods for
       message exchange.

   5.  Removed requestID from the schema (it should be handle by the
       transport - e.g., HTTP).  Updated schema (based on current
       prototype - it still needs another revision.

   6.  Added placeholders for Notifications and Role Based Access
       Control.

   7.  Added some text for discovery using DNS (including IANA
       registrations)

   8.  Updated References: updated XCON FW RFC, SOAP/W3C moved to
       informational section.























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17.  References

17.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC2616]  Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H.,
              Masinter, L., Leach, P., and T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext
              Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1", RFC 2616, June 1999.

   [RFC2617]  Franks, J., Hallam-Baker, P., Hostetler, J., Lawrence, S.,
              Leach, P., Luotonen, A., and L. Stewart, "HTTP
              Authentication: Basic and Digest Access Authentication",
              RFC 2617, June 1999.

   [RFC2818]  Rescorla, E., "HTTP Over TLS", RFC 2818, May 2000.

   [RFC2965]  Kristol, D. and L. Montulli, "HTTP State Management
              Mechanism", RFC 2965, October 2000.

   [RFC3688]  Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688,
              January 2004.

   [RFC5239]  Barnes, M., Boulton, C., and O. Levin, "A Framework for
              Centralized Conferencing", RFC 5239, June 2008.

   [RFC5246]  Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security
              (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2", RFC 5246, August 2008.

   [I-D.ietf-xcon-common-data-model]
              Novo, O., Camarillo, G., Morgan, D., and J. Urpalainen,
              "Conference Information Data Model for Centralized
              Conferencing (XCON)", draft-ietf-xcon-common-data-model-13
              (work in progress), April 2009.

17.2.  Informative References

   [REST]     Fielding, "Architectural Styles and the Design of Network-
              based Software Architectures", 2000.

   [RFC3023]  Murata, M., St. Laurent, S., and D. Kohn, "XML Media
              Types", RFC 3023, January 2001.

   [RFC3261]  Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G., Johnston,
              A., Peterson, J., Sparks, R., Handley, M., and E.
              Schooler, "SIP: Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 3261,
              June 2002.



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   [RFC3958]  Daigle, L. and A. Newton, "Domain-Based Application
              Service Location Using SRV RRs and the Dynamic Delegation
              Discovery Service (DDDS)", RFC 3958, January 2005.

   [RFC3966]  Schulzrinne, H., "The tel URI for Telephone Numbers",
              RFC 3966, December 2004.

   [I-D.ietf-xcon-event-package]
              Camarillo, G., Srinivasan, S., Even, R., and J.
              Urpalainen, "Conference Event Package Data Format
              Extension for Centralized Conferencing  (XCON)",
              draft-ietf-xcon-event-package-01 (work in progress),
              September 2008.

   [W3C.REC-soap12-part1-20030624]
              Mendelsohn, N., Gudgin, M., Nielsen, H., Moreau, J., and
              M. Hadley, "SOAP Version 1.2 Part 1: Messaging Framework",
              World Wide Web Consortium FirstEdition REC-soap12-part1-
              20030624, June 2003,
              <http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-soap12-part1-20030624>.

   [W3C.REC-soap12-part2-20030624]
              Gudgin, M., Mendelsohn, N., Nielsen, H., Moreau, J., and
              M. Hadley, "SOAP Version 1.2 Part 2: Adjuncts", World Wide
              Web Consortium FirstEdition REC-soap12-part2-20030624,
              June 2003,
              <http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-soap12-part2-20030624>.
























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Appendix A.  Appendix A: Other protocol models and transports considered
             for CCMP

   The operations on the objects can be implemented in at least two
   different ways, namely as remote procedure calls - using SOAP as
   described in Appendix A.1 and by defining resources following a
   RESTful architecture Appendix A.2.

   In both approaches, servers will have to recreate their internal
   state representation of the object with each update request, checking
   parameters and triggering function invocations.  In the SOAP
   approach, it would be possible to describe a separate operation for
   each atomic element, but that would greatly increase the complexity
   of the protocol.  A coarser-grained approach to the CCMP does require
   that the server process XML elements in updates that have not changed
   and that there can be multiple changes in one update.

   For CCMP, the resource (REST) model might appear more attractive,
   since the conference operations fit the CRUD approach.

   Neither of these approaches were considered ideal as SOAP was not
   considered to be general purpose enough for use in a broad range of
   operational environments.  It is quite awkward to apply a RESTful
   approach since the CCMP requires a more complex request/response
   protocol in order to maintain the data both in the server and at the
   client.  This doesn't map very elegantly to the basic request/
   response model, whereby a response typically indicates whether the
   request was successful or not, rather than providing additional data
   to maintain the synchronization between the client and server data.
   In addition, the CCMP clients may also receive the data in
   Notifications.  While the notification method or protocol used by
   some conferencing clients can be independent of the CCMP, the same
   data in the server is used for both the CCMP and Notifications - this
   requires a server application above the transport layer (e.g., HTTP)
   for maintaining the data, which in the CCMP model is transparent to
   the transport protocol.

A.1.  Using SOAP for the CCMP

   A remote procedure call (RPC) mechanism for the CCMP could use SOAP
   (Simple Object Access Protocol[W3C.REC-soap12-part1-20030624][W3C.REC
   -soap12-part2-20030624]), where conferences and the other objects are
   modeled as services with associated operations.  Conferences and
   other objects are selected by their own local identifiers, such as
   email-like names for users.  This approach has the advantage that it
   can easily define atomic operations that have well-defined error
   conditions.




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   All SOAP operations would use a single HTTP verb.  While the RESTful
   approach requires the use of a URI for each object, SOAP can use any
   token.

A.2.  A RESTful approach for the CCMP

   Conference objects can also be modeled as resources identified by
   URIs, with the basic CRUD operations mapped to the HTTP methods POST/
   PUT for creating objects, GET for reading objects, PATCH/POST/PUT for
   changing objects and DELETE for deleting them.  Many of the objects,
   such as conferences, already have natural URIs.

   CCMP can be mapped into the CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete)
   design pattern.  The basic CRUD operations are used to manipulate
   conference objects, which are XML documents containing the
   information characterizing a specified conference instance, be it an
   active conference or a conference blueprint used by the conference
   server to create new conference instances through a simple clone
   operation.

   Following the CRUD approach, CCMP could use a general-purpose
   protocol such as HTTP [RFC2616] to transfer domain-specific XML-
   encoded data objects defined in the Conference Information Data Model
   for Centralized Conferencing [I-D.ietf-xcon-common-data-model].

   Following on the CRUD approach, CCMP could follow the well-known REST
   (REpresentational State Transfer) architectural style [REST].  The
   CCMP could map onto the REST philosophy, by specifying resource URIs,
   resource formats, methods supported at each URI and status codes that
   have to be returned when a certain method is invoked on a specific
   URI.  A REST-style approach must ensure sure that all operations can
   be mapped to HTTP operations.

   The following summarizes the specific HTTP method that could be used
   for each of the CCMP Requests:

   Retrieve: HTTP GET could be used on XCON-URIs, so that clients can
   obtain data about conference objects in the form of XML data model
   documents.

   Create: HTTP PUT could be used to create a new object as identified
   by the XCON-URI or XCON-USERID.

   Change: Either HTTP PATCH or HTTP POST could be used to change the
   conference object identified by the XCON-URI.

   Delete: HTTP DELETE could be used to delete conference objects and
   parameters within conference objects identified by the XCON-URI.



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Authors' Addresses

   Mary Barnes
   Nortel

   Email: mary.barnes@nortel.com


   Chris Boulton
   NS-Technologies

   Email: chris@ns-technologies.com


   Simon Pietro Romano
   University of Napoli
   Via Claudio 21
   Napoli  80125
   Italy

   Email: spromano@unina.it


   Henning Schulzrinne
   Columbia University
   Department of Computer Science
   450 Computer Science Building
   New York, NY  10027

   Email: hgs+xcon@cs.columbia.edu





















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