Audio/Video Transport Working Group A. Clark
Internet-Draft Telchemy
Intended status: Standards Track S. Zhang, Ed.
Expires: June 24, 2013 J. Zhao
STTRI
Q. Wu
Huawei
December 21, 2012
RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Extended Report (XR) Block for Burst/Gap
Loss metric Reporting
draft-ietf-xrblock-rtcp-xr-burst-gap-loss-07.txt
Abstract
This document defines an RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Extended Report
(XR) Block that allows the reporting of Burst and Gap Loss metrics
for use in a range of RTP applications.
Status of this Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
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This Internet-Draft will expire on June 24, 2013.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2012 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
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include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
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described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1. Burst and Gap Loss Report Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2. RTCP and RTCP XR Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3. Performance Metrics Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.4. Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1. Standards Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3. Burst/Gap Loss Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.1. Report Block Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.2. Definition of Fields in Burst/Gap Loss Report Block . . . 6
3.3. Derived metrics based on reported metrics . . . . . . . . 9
4. Considerations for Voice-over-IP applications . . . . . . . . 11
5. SDP Signaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5.1. SDP rtcp-xr-attrib Attribute Extension . . . . . . . . . . 12
5.2. Offer/Answer Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
6.1. New RTCP XR Block Type value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
6.2. New RTCP XR SDP Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
6.3. Contact information for registrations . . . . . . . . . . 13
7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
8. Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
9. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
10.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
10.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Appendix A. Change Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
A.1. draft-ietf-xrblock-rtcp-xr-burst-gap-loss-07 . . . . . . . 18
A.2. draft-ietf-xrblock-rtcp-xr-burst-gap-loss-06 . . . . . . . 18
A.3. draft-ietf-xrblock-rtcp-xr-burst-gap-loss-04 . . . . . . . 18
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
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1. Introduction
1.1. Burst and Gap Loss Report Block
This draft defines a new block type to augment those defined in
[RFC3611] for use in a range of RTP applications. The new block type
supports the reporting of the proportion of packets lost by the
network. The losses during loss bursts are reported, together with
the number of bursts and additional data allowing the calculation of
statistical parameters (mean and variance) of the distribution of
burst lengths. Some uses of these metrics depend on the availability
of the metric "cumulative number of packets lost" from RTCP
[RFC3550].
This block provides information on transient IP problems. Burst/Gap
metrics are typically used in Cumulative reports, however they also
MAY be used in Interval reports. The burstiness of packet loss
affects user experience, may influence any sender strategies to
mitigate the problem, and may also have diagnostic value.
The metric belongs to the class of transport-related end system
metrics defined in [RFC6792].
The definitions of Burst, Gap, Loss and Discard are consistent with
definitions in [RFC3611]. To accommodate the range of jitter buffer
algorithms and packet discard logic that may be used by implementors,
the method used to distinguish between bursts and gaps may be an
equivalent method to that defined in [RFC3611]. The method used
SHOULD produce the same result as that defined in [RFC3611] for
conditions of burst packet loss, but MAY produce different results
for conditions of time varying jitter.
1.2. RTCP and RTCP XR Reports
The use of RTCP for reporting is defined in [RFC3550]. [RFC3611]
defined an extensible structure for reporting using an RTCP Extended
Report (XR). This document defines a new Extended Report block for
use with [RFC3550] and [RFC3611].
1.3. Performance Metrics Framework
The Performance Metrics Framework [RFC6390] provides guidance on the
definition and specification of performance metrics. The RTP
Monitoring Architectures [RFC6792] provides guideline for reporting
block format using RTCP XR. The Metrics Block described in this
document are in accordance with the guidelines in [RFC6390] and
[RFC6792].
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1.4. Applicability
These metrics are applicable to a range of RTP applications which
contain jitter buffers and don't use stream repair means,e.g.,
Forward Error Correction (FEC) [RFC5109] and/or retransmission
[RFC4588].
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2. Terminology
2.1. Standards Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
In addition, the following terms are defined:
Received, Lost and Discarded
A packet shall be regarded as lost if it fails to arrive within an
implementation-specific time window. A packet that arrives within
this time window but is too early or late to be played out or
thrown away before playout due to packet duplication or redundancy
shall be regarded as discarded. A packet shall be classified as
one of received (or OK), discarded or lost. The metric
"cumulative number of packets lost" defined in [RFC3550] reports a
count of packets lost from the media stream (single SSRC within
single RTP session). Similarly the metric "number of packets
discarded" defined in [DISCARD] reports a count of packets
discarded from the media stream (single SSRC within single RTP
session) arriving at the receiver. Another metric defined in
[RFC5725] is available to report on packets which are not
recovered by any repair techniques which may be in use.
Bursts and Gaps
The terms Burst and Gap are used in a manner consistent with that
of RTCP XR [RFC3611]. RTCP XR views a RTP stream as being divided
into bursts, which are periods during which the loss rate is high
enough to cause noticeable quality degradation (generally over 5
percent loss rate), and gaps, which are periods during which lost
packets are infrequent and hence quality is generally acceptable.
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3. Burst/Gap Loss Block
Metrics in this block report on Burst/Gap Loss in the stream arriving
at the RTP system. The measurement of these metrics are made at the
receiving end of the RTP stream. Instances of this Metrics Block
refer by Synchronization source (SSRC) to the separate auxiliary
Measurement Information block [RFC6776] which describes measurement
periods in use(see RFC6776 section 4.2). This Metrics Block relies
on the measurement period in the Measurement Information block
indicating the span of the report and SHOULD be sent in the same
compound RTCP packet as the measurement information block. If the
measurement period is not received in the same compound RTCP packet
as this Metrics Block, this Metrics Block MUST be discarded.
3.1. Report Block Structure
Burst/Gap Loss metrics block
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| BT=NBGL | I |C| resv. | block length = 5 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| SSRC of Source |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Threshold | Sum of Burst Durations (ms) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Packets Lost in Bursts | Total... |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| ...Packets expected in bursts | Number of bursts | Sum of|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| ...Squares of Burst Durations (ms-squared) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 1: Report Block Structure
3.2. Definition of Fields in Burst/Gap Loss Report Block
Block type (BT): 8 bits
A Burst/Gap Loss Report Block is identified by the constant NBGL.
[Note to RFC Editor: please replace NBGL with the IANA provided
RTCP XR block type for this block.]
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Interval Metric flag (I): 2 bits
This field is used to indicate whether the Burst/Gap Loss metrics
are Sampled, Interval or Cumulative metrics:
I=10: Interval Duration - the reported value applies to the
most recent measurement interval duration between successive
metrics reports.
I=11: Cumulative Duration - the reported value applies to the
accumulation period characteristic of cumulative measurements.
I=01: Sampled Value - the reported value is a sampled
instantaneous value.
In this document, Burst/Gap Loss Metrics can only be measured over
definite intervals, and cannot be sampled. Accordingly, the value
I=01, indicating a sampled value, MUST NOT be used. In addition,
the value I=00 is reserved and also MUST NOT be used. The block
MUST be discarded if the value I=01 or I=00 is received.
Loss and Discard Combination flag (C): 1 bit
The 'C' flag is used to indicate whether combining loss/discard
report is needed. This field MUST be set to '1' if the burst gap
loss report is present in conjunction with the burst gap discard
report in the same compound RTCP packet and MUST be set to '0'
otherwise. If the burst gap discard is not sent with the burst
gap loss, then the receiver MUST discard the burst gap loss with
'C' flag set to 1. If the 'C' flag is set to 0, then receiver
MUST NOT discard the burst gap loss Metrics Block when the burst
gap discard is not received.
Reserved (resv): 5 bits
These bits are reserved. They MUST be set to zero by senders and
ignored by receivers (See RFC6709 section 4.2). The block MUST be
discarded if the block length is set to a different value.
block length: 16 bits
The length of this report block in 32-bit words, minus one. For
the Burst/Gap Loss block, the block length is equal to 5. The
block MUST be discarded if the block length is set to a different
value.
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SSRC of source: 32 bits
As defined in Section 4.1 of [RFC3611].
Threshold: 8 bits
The Threshold is equivalent to Gmin in [RFC3611], i.e. the number
of successive packets that must be received prior to and following
a lost packet in order for this lost packet to be regarded as part
of a gap.
Sum of Burst Durations (ms): 24 bits
The total duration of bursts of lost packets in the period of the
report (Interval or Cumulative).
If the measured value exceeds 0xFFFFFD, the value 0xFFFFFE MUST be
reported to indicate an over-range measurement. If the
measurement is unavailable, the value 0xFFFFFF MUST be reported.
Packets lost in bursts: 24 bits
The total number of packets lost during loss bursts.
If the measured value exceeds 0xFFFFFD, the value 0xFFFFFE MUST be
reported to indicate an over-range measurement. If the
measurement is unavailable, the value 0xFFFFFF MUST be reported.
Total packets expected in bursts: 24 bits
The total number of packets expected during loss bursts (that is,
the sum of received packets and lost packets).
If the measured value exceeds 0xFFFFFD, the value 0xFFFFFE MUST be
reported to indicate an over-range measurement. If the
measurement is unavailable, the value 0xFFFFFF MUST be reported.
Number of bursts: 16 bits
The number of bursts in the period of the report (Interval or
Cumulative).
If the measured value exceeds 0xFFFD, the value 0xFFFE MUST be
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reported to indicate an over-range measurement. If the
measurement is unavailable, the value 0xFFFF MUST be reported.
Sum of Squares of Burst Durations (ms-squared): 36 bits
The sum of the squares of burst durations (where individual burst
durations are expressed in ms) over in the period of the report
(Interval or Cumulative). The units for this quantity are
milliseconds-squared.
If the measured value exceeds 0xFFFFFFFFD, the value 0xFFFFFFFFE
MUST be reported to indicate an over-range measurement. If the
measurement is unavailable, the value 0xFFFFFFFFF MUST be
reported.
3.3. Derived metrics based on reported metrics
The metrics described here are intended to be used as described in
this section, in conjunction with information from the Measurement
Information block [RFC6776] (which MUST be present in the same RTCP
packet as the Burst/Gap Loss block) and also with the metric
"cumulative number of packets lost" provided in standard RTCP
[RFC3550].
These metrics provide information relevant to statistical parameters,
including:
o The fraction of packets lost during bursts (i.e., Burst Loss Rate
in [SUMSTAT]), which can be calculated using the metric " Packets
Loss in Bursts " and the metric " Total Packets expected in Bursts
" provided in the Burst/Gap Loss metrics block.
o The fraction of packets lost during gaps (i.e., Gap Loss Rate in
[SUMSTAT]), which can be calculated using the metric " Packets
Loss in Bursts " and the metric " Total Packets expected in Bursts
" provided in the Burst/Gap Loss metrics block.
o burst duration mean [SUMSTAT], which can be calculated using the
metric " Packets Loss in Bursts " and the metric " Total Packets
expected in Bursts " provided in the Burst/Gap Loss metrics block.
o burst duration variance [SUMSTAT], which can be calculated using
the metric " Packets Loss in Bursts " and the metric " Total
Packets expected in Bursts " provided in the Burst/Gap Loss
metrics block.
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The details on calculation these parameters in the metrics are
described in [SUMSTAT].
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4. Considerations for Voice-over-IP applications
This Metrics Block is applicable to a broad range of RTP
applications. Where the metric is used with a Voice-overIP (VoIP)
application and the stream repair means is not available, the
following considerations apply.
RTCP XR views a call as being divided into bursts, which are periods
during which the loss rate is high enough to cause noticeable call
quality degradation (generally over 5 percent loss rate), and gaps,
which are periods during which lost packets are infrequent and hence
call quality is generally acceptable.
If Voice Activity Detection is used the Burst and Gap Duration shall
be determined as if silence packets had been sent, i.e. a period of
silence in excess of Gmin packets MUST terminate a burst condition.
The recommended value for the threshold Gmin in [RFC3611] results in
a Burst being a period of time during which the call quality is
degraded to a similar extent to a typical Pulse-Code Modulation(PCM)
Severely Errored Second.
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5. SDP Signaling
[RFC3611] defines the use of SDP (Session Description Protocol)
[RFC4566] for signaling the use of XR blocks. XR blocks MAY be used
without prior signaling.
5.1. SDP rtcp-xr-attrib Attribute Extension
This section augments the SDP [RFC4566] attribute "rtcp-xr" defined
in [RFC3611] by providing an additional value of "xr-format" to
signal the use of the report block defined in this document.
xr-format =/ xr-bgl-block
xr-bgl-block = "brst-gap-loss"
5.2. Offer/Answer Usage
When SDP is used in offer-answer context, the SDP Offer/Answer usage
defined in [RFC3611] for unilateral "rtcp-xr" attribute parameters
applies. For detailed usage in Offer/Answer for unilateral
parameter, refer to section 5.2 of [RFC3611].
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6. IANA Considerations
New block types for RTCP XR are subject to IANA registration. For
general guidelines on IANA considerations for RTCP XR, refer to
[RFC3611].
6.1. New RTCP XR Block Type value
This document assigns the block type value NBGL in the IANA " RTP
Control Protocol Extended Reports (RTCP XR) Block Type Registry " to
the "Burst/Gap Loss Metrics Block".
[Note to RFC Editor: please replace NBGL with the IANA provided RTCP
XR block type for this block.]
6.2. New RTCP XR SDP Parameter
This document also registers a new parameter "brst-gap-loss" in the "
RTP Control Protocol Extended Reports (RTCP XR) Session Description
Protocol (SDP) Parameters Registry".
6.3. Contact information for registrations
The contact information for the registrations is:
Qin Wu (sunseawq@huawei.com)
101 Software Avenue, Yuhua District
Nanjing, Jiangsu 210012
China
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7. Security Considerations
It is believed that this proposed RTCP XR report block introduces no
new security considerations beyond those described in [RFC3611].
This block does not provide per-packet statistics so the risk to
confidentiality documented in Section 7, paragraph 3 of [RFC3611]
does not apply.
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8. Contributors
Geoff Hunt wrote the initial draft of this document.
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9. Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge reviews and feedback provided by
Bruce Adams, Philip Arden, Amit Arora, Bob Biskner, Kevin Connor,
Claus Dahm, Randy Ethier, Roni Even, Jim Frauenthal, Albert Higashi,
Tom Hock, Shane Holthaus, Paul Jones, Rajesh Kumar, Keith Lantz,
Mohamed Mostafa, Amy Pendleton, Colin Perkins, Mike Ramalho, Ravi
Raviraj, Albrecht Schwarz, Tom Taylor, Hideaki Yamada, Adam Roach and
Dan Romascanu..
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10. References
10.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", March 1997.
[RFC3550] Schulzrinne, H., "RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time
Applications", RFC 3550, July 2003.
[RFC3611] Friedman, T., Caceres, R., and A. Clark, "RTP Control
Protocol Extended Reports (RTCP XR)", November 2003.
[RFC4566] Handley, M., Jacobson, V., and C. Perkins, "SDP: Session
Description Protocol", July 2006.
[RFC5725] Begen, A., Hsu, D., and M. Lague, "Post-Repair Loss RLE
Report Block Type for RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Extended
Reports (XRs)", RFC 5725, February 2020.
[RFC6709] Carpenter, B., Aboba, B., and S. Cheshire, "Design
Considerations for Protocol Extensions", RFC 6709,
September 2012.
10.2. Informative References
[DISCARD] Wu, Q., "RTCP XR Report Block for Discard metric
Reporting", ID draft-ietf-xrblock-rtcp-xr-discard-11,
December 2012.
[RFC4588] Rey, J., Leon, D., , A., Varsa, V., and R. Hakenberg, "RTP
Retransmission Payload Format", RFC 4588, July 2006.
[RFC5109] Li, A., "RTP Payload Format for Generic Forward Error
Correction", RFC 5109, December 2007.
[RFC6390] Clark, A. and B. Claise, "Framework for Performance Metric
Development", RFC 6390, July 2011.
[RFC6776] Wu, Q., "Measurement Identity and information Reporting
using SDES item and XR Block", RFC 6776, October 2012.
[RFC6792] Hunt, G., "Monitoring Architectures for RTP", RFC 6792,
November 2012.
[SUMSTAT] Zorn, G., "RTCP XR for Summary Statistics Metrics
Reporting", ID draft-ietf-xrblock-rtcp-xr-summary-stat-05,
December 2012.
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Appendix A. Change Log
Note to the RFC-Editor: please remove this section prior to
publication as an RFC.
A.1. draft-ietf-xrblock-rtcp-xr-burst-gap-loss-07
The following are the major changes compared to previous version:
o Editorial changes based on comments in the WGLC.
A.2. draft-ietf-xrblock-rtcp-xr-burst-gap-loss-06
The following are the major changes compared to previous version:
o SDP update based on SDP Directorate Review.
o Add some texts to get consistent with RFC6798 and Delay draft.
A.3. draft-ietf-xrblock-rtcp-xr-burst-gap-loss-04
The following are the major changes compared to previous version:
o Outdated reference update.
o Editorial changes based on comments that applied to PDV and Delay
drafts.
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Authors' Addresses
Alan Clark
Telchemy Incorporated
2905 Premiere Parkway, Suite 280
Duluth, GA 30097
USA
Email: alan.d.clark@telchemy.com
Sunshine Zhang (editor)
Shanghai Research Institute of China Telecom Corporation Limited
No.1835,South Pudong Road
Shanghai 200122
China
Email: zhangyx@sttri.com.cn
Jing Zhao
Shanghai Research Institute of China Telecom Corporation Limited
No.1835,South Pudong Road
Shanghai 200122
China
Email: zhaojing@sttri.com.cn
Qin Wu
Huawei
101 Software Avenue, Yuhua District
Nanjing, Jiangsu 210012
China
Email: sunseawq@huawei.com
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