Audio/Video Transport Working Group                             A. Clark
Internet-Draft                                                  Telchemy
Intended status: Standards Track                                V. Singh
Expires: September 17, 2013                             Aalto University
                                                                   Q. Wu
                                                                  Huawei
                                                          March 16, 2013


RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Extended Report (XR) Block for Jitter Buffer
                            Metric Reporting
                  draft-ietf-xrblock-rtcp-xr-jb-09.txt

Abstract

   This document defines an RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Extended Report
   (XR) Block that allows the reporting of Jitter Buffer metrics for a
   range of RTP applications.

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

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   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on September 17, 2013.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2013 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
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   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
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   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of



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   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.


Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
     1.1.  Jitter Buffer Metrics Block  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
     1.2.  RTCP and RTCP XR Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
     1.3.  Performance Metrics Framework  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
     1.4.  Applicability  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   2.  Terminology  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
     2.1.  Standards Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   3.  Jitter Buffer Operation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
     3.1.  Idealized Jitter Buffer  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
     3.2.  Fixed Jitter Buffer  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
     3.3.  Adaptive Jitter Buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
   4.  Jitter Buffer Metrics Block  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
     4.1.  Report Block Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
     4.2.  Definition of Fields in Jitter Buffer Metrics Block  . . .  7
   5.  SDP Signaling  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
     5.1.  SDP rtcp-xr-attrib Attribute Extension . . . . . . . . . . 10
     5.2.  Offer/Answer Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
   6.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
     6.1.  New RTCP XR Block Type value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
     6.2.  New RTCP XR SDP Parameter  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
     6.3.  Contact information for registrations  . . . . . . . . . . 11
   7.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
   8.  Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
   9.  Acknowledgments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
   10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
     10.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
     10.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
   Appendix A.  Metrics represented using RFC6390 Template  . . . . . 16
   Appendix B.  Change Log  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
     B.1.  draft-ietf-xrblock-rtcp-xr-jb-09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
     B.2.  draft-ietf-xrblock-rtcp-xr-jb-08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
     B.3.  draft-ietf-xrblock-rtcp-xr-jb-07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
     B.4.  draft-ietf-xrblock-rtcp-xr-jb-05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
     B.5.  draft-ietf-xrblock-rtcp-xr-jb-03 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
     B.6.  draft-ietf-xrblock-rtcp-xr-jb-02 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
     B.7.  draft-ietf-xrblock-rtcp-xr-jb-01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
     B.8.  draft-ietf-xrblock-rtcp-xr-jb-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21







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1.  Introduction

1.1.  Jitter Buffer Metrics Block

   This document defines a new block type to augment those defined in
   [RFC3611], for use in a range of RTP applications.

   The new block type provides information on jitter buffer
   configuration and performance.

   The metric belongs to the class of transport-related end system
   metrics defined in [RFC6792].

   Instances of this Metrics Block refer by Synchronization source
   (SSRC) to the separate auxiliary Measurement Information block
   [RFC6776] which contains information such as the SSRC of the measured
   stream, and RTP sequence numbers and time intervals indicating the
   span of the report.

1.2.  RTCP and RTCP XR Reports

   The use of RTCP for reporting is defined in [RFC3550].  [RFC3611]
   defines an extensible structure for reporting using an RTCP Extended
   Report (XR).  This document defines a new Extended Report block for
   use with [RFC3550] and [RFC3611].

1.3.  Performance Metrics Framework

   The Performance Metrics Framework [RFC6390] provides guidance on the
   definition and specification of performance metrics.  The RTP
   Monitoring Architectures [RFC6792] provides guideline for reporting
   block format using RTCP XR.  Metrics described in this draft are in
   accordance with the guidelines in [RFC6390]and [RFC6792].

1.4.  Applicability

   Real-time applications employ a jitter buffer to absorb jitter
   introduced on the path from source to destination.  These metrics are
   used to report how the jitter buffer at the receiving end of RTP
   stream behaves as a result of jitter in the network and are
   applicable to a range of RTP applications.

   These metrics reflect how terminal-related factors affect real-time
   application quality and are useful to provide better end-user quality
   of experience (QoE).






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2.  Terminology

2.1.  Standards Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].












































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3.  Jitter Buffer Operation

   A jitter buffer is required to absorb delay variation in network
   delivery of media packets.  A jitter buffer works by holding media
   data for a period of time after it is received and before it is
   played out.  Packets that arrive early are held in the jitter buffer
   longer.  If packets arrive too early they may be discarded if there
   is no available jitter buffer space.  If packets are delayed
   excessively by the network they may be discarded if they miss their
   playout time.

   Overall user perceived delay = network round trip delay + local
   (jitter buffer (nominal) delay + encoder serialization delay) +
   remote (jitter buffer (nominal) delay + encoder serialization delay)

   The jitter buffer can be considered as a time window with early edge
   aligned with the delay corresponding to the earliest arriving packet
   and late edge representing the maximum permissible delay before a
   late arriving packet would be discarded.  The delay applied to
   packets that arrive at their expected time is known as the Nominal
   Delay and this is equivalent to the late edge.

   The reference for the expected arrival time may, for example, be the
   first packet in the session or the running average delay.  If all
   packets arrived at their expected arrival time then then every packet
   would be held in the jitter buffer exactly the Nominal Delay.

   The Jitter Buffer maximum delay is the delay that is applied to an
   earliest arriving packet that is not discarded and corresponds to the
   early edge of the jitter buffer time window.

3.1.  Idealized Jitter Buffer

   In practice jitter buffer implementations vary considerably however
   should behave in a manner conceptually consistent with an idealized
   jitter buffer described as follows:

      (i).  Receive the first packet and delay playout by D ms.  Keep
      the RTP timestamp and receive time as a reference.

      RTP TS[1]

      receive time[1]

      Assume that both are normalized in ticks.

      (ii).  Receive the next packet




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      (iii).  Calculate r = RTP TS[n] - RTP TS[1] and t = receive
      time[n] - receive time[1].  If r = t then the packet arrived on
      time.  If r < t then the packet arrived late and if r > t then the
      packet arrived early.

      (iv).  Delay playout of packet by D + (r -t)

      (v).  Go back to (ii)

   Note that this idealized implementation assumes that the sender's RTP
   clock is synchronized to the clock in the receiver which is used to
   timestamp packet arrivals.  If there is no such inherent
   synchronization, the system may need to use an adaptive jitter buffer
   or other techniques to ensure reliable reception.

3.2.  Fixed Jitter Buffer

   The fixed jitter buffers have a fixed size and the packets leaving
   the jitter buffer have a constant delay.

3.3.  Adaptive Jitter Buffer

   An adaptive jitter buffer have variable size and variable delay.  It
   allows the nominal delay to be set to a low value initially, to
   minimize user perceived delay, however can automatically extend the
   late edge (and possibly also retract the early edge) of buffer window
   if a significant proportion of packets are arriving late (and hence
   being discarded).























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4.  Jitter Buffer Metrics Block

   This block describes the configuration and operating parameters of
   the jitter buffer in the receiver of the RTP end system or RTP mixer
   which sends the report.  Instances of this Metrics Block refer by
   SSRC to the separate auxiliary Measurement Information block
   [RFC6776] which describes the measurement interval in use.  This
   Metrics Block relies on the measurement interval in the Measurement
   Information block indicating the span of the report and should be
   sent in the same compound RTCP packet as the measurement information
   block.  If the measurement interval is not received in the same
   compound RTCP packet as this Metrics Block, this Metrics Block should
   be discarded.

4.1.  Report Block Structure

   JB Metrics Block

        0                   1                   2                   3
        0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |     BT=NJB    | I |C|  Rsvd.  |       block length=3          |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                           SSRC of Source                      |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |          JB nominal           |         JB maximum            |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |     JB high water mark        |      JB low water mark        |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                     Figure 1: Report Block Structure

4.2.  Definition of Fields in Jitter Buffer Metrics Block

   Block type (BT): 8 bits

      A Jitter Buffer Metrics Report Block is identified by the constant
      NJB.

      [Note to RFC Editor: please replace NJB with the IANA provided
      RTCP XR block type for this block.]


   Interval Metric flag (I): 2 bits

      This field is used to indicate whether the Jitter Buffer metrics
      are Sampled, Interval or Cumulative metrics:




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         I=01: Sampled Value - the reported value is a sampled
         instantaneous value.

         I=10: Interval Duration - the reported value applies to the
         most recent measurement interval duration between successive
         metrics reports.

         I=11: Cumulative Duration - the reported value applies to the
         accumulation period characteristic of cumulative measurements.


   Jitter Buffer Configuration (C): 1 bit

      This field is used to identify the jitter buffer method in use at
      the receiver, according to the following code:



            0 = Fixed jitter buffer

            1 = Adaptive jitter buffer


   Reserved (Rsvd.): 5 bits

      These bits are reserved.  They MUST be set to zero by senders
      ignored by receivers (See [RFC6709] section 4.2).


   Block Length: 16 bits

      The length of this report block in 32-bit words, minus one, in
      accordance with the definition in [RFC3611].  This field MUST be
      set to 3 to match the fixed length of the report block.


   jitter buffer nominal delay (JB nominal): 16 bits

      This is the current nominal jitter buffer delay in milliseconds,
      which corresponds to the nominal jitter buffer delay for packets
      that arrive exactly on time.  It is calculated based on the time
      spend in the jitter buffer for the packet that arrives exactly on
      time.  This parameter MUST be provided for both fixed and adaptive
      jitter buffer implementations.

      If the measured value exceeds 0xFFFD, the value 0xFFFE MUST be
      reported to indicate an over-range measurement.  If the
      measurement is unavailable, the value 0xFFFF MUST be reported.



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   jitter buffer maximum delay (JB maximum): 16 bits

      This is the current maximum jitter buffer delay in milliseconds
      which corresponds to the earliest arriving packet that would not
      be discarded.  It is calculated based on the time spent in the
      jitter buffer for the earliest arriving packet In simple queue
      implementations this may correspond to the size of the jitter
      buffer.  In adaptive jitter buffer implementations, this value may
      vary dynamically.  This parameter MUST be provided for both fixed
      and adaptive jitter buffer implementations.

      If the measured value exceeds 0xFFFD, the value 0xFFFE MUST be
      reported to indicate an over-range measurement.  If the
      measurement is unavailable, the value 0xFFFF MUST be reported.


   jitter buffer high water mark (JB high water mark): 16 bits

      This is the highest value of the jitter buffer nominal delay in
      milliseconds which occurred at any time during the reporting
      interval.  This parameter MUST be provided for adaptive jitter
      buffer implementations and its value MUST be set to JB maximum for
      fixed jitter buffer implementations.

      If the measured value exceeds 0xFFFD, the value 0xFFFE MUST be
      reported to indicate an over-range measurement.  If the
      measurement is unavailable, the value 0xFFFF MUST be reported.


   jitter buffer low water mark (JB low water mark): 16 bits

      This is the lowest value of the jitter buffer nominal delay in
      milliseconds which occurred at any time during the reporting
      interval.  This parameter MUST be provided for adaptive jitter
      buffer implementations and its value MUST be set to JB maximum for
      fixed jitter buffer implementations.

      If the measured value exceeds 0xFFFD, the value 0xFFFE MUST be
      reported to indicate an over-range measurement.  If the
      measurement is unavailable, the value 0xFFFF MUST be reported.











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5.  SDP Signaling

   [RFC3611] defines the use of SDP (Session Description Protocol)
   [RFC4566] for signaling the use of XR blocks.  However XR blocks MAY
   be used without prior signaling (see section 5 of RFC3611).

5.1.  SDP rtcp-xr-attrib Attribute Extension

   This section augments the SDP [RFC4566] attribute "rtcp-xr" defined
   in [RFC3611] by providing an additional value of "xr-format" to
   signal the use of the report block defined in this document.

   xr-format =/ xr-jb-block

   xr-jb-block = "jitter-bfr"

5.2.  Offer/Answer Usage

   When SDP is used in offer-answer context, the SDP Offer/Answer usage
   defined in [RFC3611] for unilateral "rtcp-xr" attribute parameters
   applies.  For detailed usage of Offer/Answer for unilateral
   parameter, refer to section 5.2 of [RFC3611].





























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6.  IANA Considerations

   New block types for RTCP XR are subject to IANA registration.  For
   general guidelines on IANA considerations for RTCP XR, refer to
   [RFC3611].

6.1.  New RTCP XR Block Type value

   This document assigns the block type value NJB in the IANA "RTCP XR
   Block Type Registry" to the "JB Metrics Block".

   [Note to RFC Editor: please replace NJB with the IANA provided RTCP
   XR block type for this block.]

6.2.  New RTCP XR SDP Parameter

   This document also registers a new parameter "jitter-bfr" in the
   "RTCP XR SDP Parameters Registry".

6.3.  Contact information for registrations


      The contact information for the registrations is:

      Qin Wu (sunseawq@huawei.com)
      101 Software Avenue, Yuhua District
      Nanjing, Jiangsu  210012
      China























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7.  Security Considerations

   It is believed that this proposed RTCP XR report block introduces no
   new security considerations beyond those described in [RFC3611].
   This block does not provide per-packet statistics so the risk to
   confidentiality documented in Section 7, paragraph 3 of [RFC3611]
   does not apply.












































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8.  Contributors

   Geoff Hunt wrote the initial draft of this document.
















































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9.  Acknowledgments

   The authors gratefully acknowledge reviews and feedback provided by
   Bruce Adams, Philip Arden, Amit Arora, Bob Biskner, Kevin Connor,
   Claus Dahm, Randy Ethier, Roni Even, Jim Frauenthal, Albert Higashi,
   Tom Hock, Shane Holthaus, Paul Jones, Rajesh Kumar, Keith Lantz,
   Mohamed Mostafa, Amy Pendleton, Colin Perkins, Mike Ramalho, Ravi
   Raviraj, Albrecht Schwarz, Tom Taylor, Hideaki Yamada,Claire Bi,Colin
   Perkin, Dan Romascanu, Kevin Gross and Glen Zorn.










































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10.  References

10.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", March 1997.

   [RFC3550]  Schulzrinne, H., "RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time
              Applications", RFC 3550, July 2003.

   [RFC3611]  Friedman, T., Caceres, R., and A. Clark, "RTP Control
              Protocol Extended Reports (RTCP XR)", November 2003.

   [RFC4566]  Handley, M., Jacobson, V., and C. Perkins, "SDP: Session
              Description Protocol", July 2006.

   [RFC6709]  Carpenter, B., Aboba, B., and S. Cheshire, "Design
              Considerations for Protocol Extensions", RFC 6709,
              September 2012.

   [RFC6776]  Wu, Q., "Measurement Identity and information Reporting
              using SDES item and XR Block", RFC 6776, August 2012.

10.2.  Informative References

   [RFC6390]  Clark, A. and B. Claise, "Framework for Performance Metric
              Development", RFC 6390, October 2011.

   [RFC6792]  Hunt, G., Wu, Q., and P. Arden, "Monitoring Architectures
              for RTP", RFC 6792, November 2012.





















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Appendix A.  Metrics represented using RFC6390 Template

   a.  jitter buffer nominal delay Metric


       *  Metric Name: jitter buffer nominal delay


       *  Metric Description: The "expected arrival time" is the time
          that a RTP packet would arrive if there was no delay
          variation.  The delay applied to packets that arrive at their
          expected time is known as the Nominal Delay.


       *  Method of Measurement or Calculation: See section 4.2, jitter
          buffer nominal delay definition for measurement or calculation
          method.


       *  Units of Measurement: See section 4.2, jitter buffer nominal
          delay definition for units of measurement.


       *  Measurement Point(s) with Potential Measurement Domain: See
          section 4, 1st paragraph for measurement point.


       *  Measurement Timing: See section 4, 1st paragraph for
          measurement timing and section 4.2 paragraph for Interval
          Metric flag.


       *  Use and applications: See section 1.4 for use and
          applications.


       *  Reporting model: See RFC3611 for reporting model.


   b.  jitter buffer maximum delay Metric


       *  Metric Name: jitter buffer maximum delay


       *  Metric Description: It is the current maximum jitter buffer
          delay for RTP traffic which corresponds to the earliest
          arriving packet that would not be discarded.



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       *  Method of Measurement or Calculation: See section 4.2, jitter
          buffer maximum delay definition and section 3, the last
          paragraph for measurement or calculation method.


       *  Units of Measurement: See section 4.2, jitter buffer maximum
          delay definition for units of measurement.


       *  Measurement Point(s) with Potential Measurement Domain: See
          section 4, 1st paragraph for measurement point.


       *  Measurement Timing: See section 4, 1st paragraph for
          measurement timing and section 4.2 paragraph for Interval
          Metric flag.


       *  Use and applications: See section 1.4 for use and
          applications.


       *  Reporting model: See RFC3611 for reporting model.


   c.  jitter buffer high water mark Metric


       *  Metric Name: jitter buffer high water mark


       *  Metric Description: It is the highest value of the jitter
          buffer nominal delay for RTP traffic which occurred at any
          time during the reporting interval.


       *  Method of Measurement or Calculation: See section 4.2, jitter
          buffer high water mark definition for measurement or
          calculation method.


       *  Units of Measurement: See section 4.2, jitter buffer nominal
          delay definition for units of measurement.


       *  Measurement Point(s) with Potential Measurement Domain: See
          section 4, 1st paragraph for measurement point.




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       *  Measurement Timing: See section 4, 1st paragraph for
          measurement timing and section 4.2 paragraph for Interval
          Metric flag.


       *  Use and applications: See section 1.4 for use and
          applications.


       *  Reporting model: See RFC3611 for reporting model.


   d.  jitter buffer low water mark Metric


       *  Metric Name: jitter buffer low water mark


       *  Metric Description: It is the lowest value of the jitter
          buffer nominal delay for RTP traffic which occurred at any
          time during the reporting interval.


       *  Method of Measurement or Calculation: See section 4.2, jitter
          buffer low water mark definition for measurement or
          calculation method.


       *  Units of Measurement: See section 4.2, jitter buffer low water
          mark definition for units of measurement.


       *  Measurement Point(s) with Potential Measurement Domain: See
          section 4, 1st paragraph for measurement point.


       *  Measurement Timing: See section 4, 1st paragraph for
          measurement timing and section 4.2 paragraph for Interval
          Metric flag.


       *  Use and applications: See section 1.4 for use and
          applications.


       *  Reporting model: See RFC3611 for reporting model.





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Appendix B.  Change Log

   Note to the RFC-Editor: please remove this section prior to
   publication as an RFC.

B.1.  draft-ietf-xrblock-rtcp-xr-jb-09

   The following are the major changes to previous version :

   o  Incorporate proposed changes by Kevin and proposed text by Alan to
      address interoperability report issue.

   o  Add new appendix to format metrics using RFC6390 template.

B.2.  draft-ietf-xrblock-rtcp-xr-jb-08

   The following are the major changes to previous version :

   o  Rewrote descriptive text and definitions for clarification.

B.3.  draft-ietf-xrblock-rtcp-xr-jb-07

   The following are the major changes to previous version :

   o  Add one new section to discuss jitter buffer operation.

B.4.  draft-ietf-xrblock-rtcp-xr-jb-05

   The following are the major changes to previous version :

   o  Some editorial change changes based on the discussion with Glen
      and Kevin on the list.

B.5.  draft-ietf-xrblock-rtcp-xr-jb-03

   The following are the major changes to previous version :

   o  Reduce the "jb cfg" to 1-bit based on discussion in the WGLC.

   o  Other editorial change changes aligning with PDV,Delay draft.

B.6.  draft-ietf-xrblock-rtcp-xr-jb-02

   The following are the major changes to previous version :

   o  Add some explanation text in the SDP offer/answer section.





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   o  Add some text in applicability section to explain the use to
      report jitter buffer metrics.

   o  Other editorial change changes aligning with PDV,Delay draft.

B.7.  draft-ietf-xrblock-rtcp-xr-jb-01

   The following are the major changes to previous version :

   o  Outdated reference update

   o  Add one Editor notes to ask clarification on the use of reporting
      jitter buffer metrics.

   o  Other Editorial changes.

B.8.  draft-ietf-xrblock-rtcp-xr-jb-00

   The following are the major changes to previous version :

   o  Boilerplate updates.

   o  references updates

   o  allocate 32 bit field in report block for SSRC

   o  Other editorial changes to get alignment with MONARCH draft.
























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Internet-Draft            RTCP XR Jitter Buffer               March 2013


Authors' Addresses

   Alan Clark
   Telchemy Incorporated
   2905 Premiere Parkway, Suite 280
   Duluth, GA  30097
   USA

   Email: alan.d.clark@telchemy.com


   Varun Singh
   Aalto University
   School of Electrical Engineering
   Otakaari 5 A
   Espoo, FIN  02150
   Finland

   Email: varun@comnet.tkk.fi


   Qin Wu
   Huawei
   101 Software Avenue, Yuhua District
   Nanjing, Jiangsu  210012
   China

   Email: sunseawq@huawei.com























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