NVO3                                                             P. Jain
Internet-Draft                                                  K. Singh
Intended status: Standards Track                                F. Balus
Expires: August 16, 2014                                  Nuage Networks
                                                           W. Henderickx
                                                          Alcatel-Lucent
                                                               V. Bannai
                                                                  PayPal
                                                              R. Shekhar
                                                               A. Lohiya
                                                        Juniper Networks
                                                       February 12, 2014


           Generic Overlay OAM and Datapath Failure Detection
                     draft-jain-nvo3-overlay-oam-00

Abstract

   This proposal describes a mechanism that can be used to detect Data
   Path Failures of various overlay technologies as VXLAN, NVGRE,
   MPLSoGRE and MPLSoUDP and verifying/sanity of their Control and Data
   Plane for given Overlay Segment.  This document defines the following
   for each of the above Overlay Technologies:

   o  Encapsulation of OAM Packet, such that it has same Outer and
      Overlay Header as any End-System's data going over the same
      Overlay Segment.

   o  The mechanism to trace the Underlay that is exercised by any
      Overlay Segment.

   o  Procedure to verify presence of any given Tenant VM or End-System
      within a given Overlay Segment at Overlay End-Point.

   Even though the present proposal addresses Overlay OAM for VXLAN,
   NVGRE, MPLSoGRE and MPLSoUDP, but the procedures described are
   generic enough to accommodate OAM for any other Overlay Technology.

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.



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   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on August 16, 2014.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2014 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.






























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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6

   2.  Terminology  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8

   3.  Motivation for Overlay OAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9

   4.  Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

   5.  Packet Format  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
     5.1.  Overlay OAM Encapsulation in Layer 2 Context . . . . . . . 11
     5.2.  Overlay OAM Encapsulation in Layer 3 Context . . . . . . . 11
     5.3.  Generic Overlay OAM Packet Format  . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
       5.3.1.  TLV Types for various Overlay Ping Models  . . . . . . 14
         5.3.1.1.  TLV for VXLAN Ping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
         5.3.1.2.  TLV for NVGRE Ping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
         5.3.1.3.  TLV for MPLSoGRE Ping  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
         5.3.1.4.  TLV for MPLSoUDP Ping  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

   6.  Return Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

   7.  Procedure for Overlay Segment Ping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
     7.1.  Encoding of Inner Header for Echo Request in Layer 2
           Context  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
     7.2.  Encoding of Inner Header for Echo Request in Layer 3
           Context  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
     7.3.  VXLAN Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
       7.3.1.  Sending VXLAN Echo Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
       7.3.2.  Receiving VXLAN Echo Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
       7.3.3.  Sending VXLAN Echo Reply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
       7.3.4.  Receiving VXLAN Echo Reply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
     7.4.  NVGRE Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
       7.4.1.  Sending NVGRE Echo Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
       7.4.2.  Receiving NVGRE Echo Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
       7.4.3.  Sending NVGRE Echo Reply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
       7.4.4.  Receiving NVGRE Echo Reply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
     7.5.  MPLSoGRE Procedures  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
       7.5.1.  Sending MPLSoGRE Echo Request  . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
       7.5.2.  Receiving MPLSoGRE Echo Request  . . . . . . . . . . . 25
       7.5.3.  Sending MPLSoGRE Echo Reply  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
       7.5.4.  Receiving MPLSoGRE Echo Reply  . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
     7.6.  MPLSoUDP Procedures  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
       7.6.1.  Sending MPLSoUDP Echo Request  . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
       7.6.2.  Receiving MPLSoUDP Echo Request  . . . . . . . . . . . 27
       7.6.3.  Sending MPLSoUDP Echo Reply  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
       7.6.4.  Receiving MPLSoUDP Echo Reply  . . . . . . . . . . . . 28




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   8.  Procedure for Trace  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

   9.  Procedure for End-System Ping  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
     9.1.  Sub-TLV for End-System Ping  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
       9.1.1.  Sub-TLV for Validating End-System MAC Address  . . . . 31
       9.1.2.  Sub-TLV for Validating End-System IP Address . . . . . 32
       9.1.3.  Sub-TLV for Validating End-System MAC and IP
               Address  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
     9.2.  Sending End-System Ping Request  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
     9.3.  Receiving End-System Ping Request  . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
     9.4.  Sending End-System Ping Reply  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
     9.5.  Receiving End-System Ping Reply  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

   10. Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

   11. Management Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

   12. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

   13. IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

   14. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
     14.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
     14.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

























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   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC2119 [RFC2119].

   When used in lower case, these words convey their typical use in
   common language, and are not to be interpreted as described in
   RFC2119 [RFC2119].












































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1.  Introduction

   VXLAN [I-D.draft-mahalingam-dutt-dcops-vxlan], NVGRE
   [I-D.draft-sridharan-virtualization-nvgre], MPLSoGRE [RFC4023] and
   MPLSoUDP [I-D.draft-ietf-mpls-in-udp] are well known technologies and
   are used as tunneling mechanism to Overlay either Layer 2 networks or
   Layer 3 networks on top of Layer 3 Underlay networks.  For all above
   Overlay Models there are two Tunnel End Points for a given Overlay
   Segment.  One End Point is where the Overlay Originates, and other
   where Overlay Terminates.  In most cases the Tunnel End Point is
   intended to be at the edge of the network, typically connecting an
   access switch to an IP transport network.  The access switch could be
   a physical or a virtual switch located within the hypervisor on the
   server which is connected to End System which is a VM.

   This document describes a mechanism that can be used to detect Data
   Plane failures and sanity of Overlay Control and Data Plane for a
   given Overlay Segment, and the method to trace the Underlay path that
   is exercised by any given Overlay Segment.

   The document also defines procedures for validating the presence of
   any given Tenant VM/End-System/End-System or Flow representing the
   End-System System within a given Overlay Segment.

   The proposal describes:

   o  The mechanism to verify Overlay Control Plane and Data Plane
      consistency at the Overlay End Point(s), by encapsulating the OAM
      Packet in exact the same way as that of any End System Traffic
      that is transported over the Overlay Segment.

   o  The mechanism to trace the Underlay that is exercised by any
      Overlay Segment.

   o  The mechanism to verify presence of any "End-System" in a given
      Overlay Segment.

   The proposal defines the information to check correct operation of
   the Data Plane, as well as a mechanism to verify the Data Plane
   against the Control Plane for a given Overlay Segment.

   It is important consideration in this proposal to carry Echo Request
   along same Data Path that any End System's data using the given
   Overlay Segment takes.

   The tenants VM(s) or End System(s) are not aware of the Overlays and
   as such the need for the verification of the Data Path MUST solely
   rest with the Cloud Provider.  The use cases where the Tenant VM(s)



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   need to be aware of the Data Plane failures is beyond the scope of
   this document.

















































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2.  Terminology

   Terminology used in this document:

   OAM: Operations, Administration, and Management

   VXLAN: Virtual eXtensible Local Area Network.

   NVGRE: Network Virtualization using GRE.

   MPLSoGRE: Encapsulating MPLS in IP or Generic Routing Encapsulation
   (GRE)

   MPLSoUDP: Encapsulating MPLS in UDP.

   Originating End Point: Overlay Segment's Head End or Starting Point
   of Overlay Tunnel.

   Terminating End Point: Overlay Segment's Tail End or Terminating
   Point of Overlay Tunnel.

   VM: Virtual Machine.

   VNI: VXLAN Network Identifier (or VXLAN Segment ID)

   VSID: Virtual Subnet ID. (for NVGRE)

   NVE: Network Virtualized Edge

   End System: Could be Tenant VM, Host, Bridge etc. - System whose data
   is expected to go over Overlay Segment.

   Echo Request: Throughout this document, Echo Request packet is
   expected to be transmitted by Originator Overlay End Point and
   destined to Overlay Terminating End Point.

   Echo Reply: Throughout this document, Echo Reply packet is expected
   to be transmitted by Terminating Overlay End Point and destined to
   Overlay Originating End Point.

   Other terminologies are as defined in
   [I-D.draft-mahalingam-dutt-dcops-vxlan],
   [I-D.draft-sridharan-virtualization-nvgre], [RFC4023] and
   [I-D.draft-ietf-mpls-in-udp]







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3.  Motivation for Overlay OAM

   When any Overlay Segment fails to deliver user traffic, there is a
   need to provide a tool that would enable users, as Cloud Providers to
   detect such failures, and a mechanism to isolate faults.  It may also
   be desirable to test the data path before mapping End System traffic
   to the Overlay Segment.

   The basic idea is to facilitate following verifications:-

   o  End-System's data that are expected to go over a particular
      Overlay Segment actually ends up using the Data-Path represented
      by given Overlay Segment between the two End-Points.

   o  To verify the correct value of Overlay Segment Identifier is
      programmed at Originating and Terminating End Point(s) for a given
      Overlay Segment.  Segment Identifier will be VNI for VXLAN, VSID
      for NVGRE, MPLS Label for MPLSoGRE and MPLSoUDP.

   o  The facilitate mechanism to trace the Underlay that is exercised
      by any Overlay Segment.

   o  The mechanism to verify presence of any "End-System" in a given
      Overlay Segment.

   To facilitate verification of Overlay Segment or any End-System using
   the Overlay, this document proposes sending of a Packet (called an
   "Echo Request") along the same data path as other Packets belonging
   to this Segment.  Echo Request also carries information about the
   Overlay Segment whose Data Path is to be verified.  This Echo Request
   is forwarded just like any other End System Data Packet belonging to
   that Overlay Segment, as it contains the same Overlay Encapsulation
   as regular End System's data.

   On receiving Echo Request at the end of the Overlay Segment, it is
   sent to the Control Plane of the Terminating Overlay End Point, which
   in-turn would respond with Echo Reply.

   To facilitate tracing of the Underlay used by any given Overlay
   Segment, the document proposes Echo Request/Reply encapsulation in
   "trace mode", which would allow the user or Cloud Provider to gather
   information of the Underlay network.









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4.  Approach

   The proposal aims at validating Data Plane and its view of Control
   Plane for a particular Overlay Segment.  To achieve this aim, the
   draft proposes creating an Overlay OAM Packet which MUST be
   encapsulated with the Overlay Header as that of any End-Point data
   going over the same Overlay Segment.  This would guarantee the data-
   path for OAM Packet follows the same path as that for any End User
   data going over the same Overlay Segment.

   The draft outlines procedures to encode Overlay Header and Inner
   Ethernet or IP Header based on the type of payload that Overlay is
   expected to carry.






































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5.  Packet Format

   Generic Overlay Echo Request/Reply is a UDP Packet identified by well
   known UDP Port XXXX.  The payload carried by Overlay typically could
   be either be Layer 2 / Ethernet Frame, or it could be Layer 3 / IP
   Packet.

5.1.  Overlay OAM Encapsulation in Layer 2 Context

   If the encapsulated payload carried by Overlay is of type Ethernet,
   then the OAM Echo Request packet would have inner Ethernet Header,
   followed by IP and UDP Header.  The payload of inner UDP would be as
   described in below section "Generic Overlay OAM Packet Format".

5.2.  Overlay OAM Encapsulation in Layer 3 Context

   If the encapsulated payload carried by Overlay is of type IP, then
   the OAM Echo Request packet would have inner IP Header, followed by
   UDP Header.  The payload of inner UDP would be as described in below
   section "Generic Overlay OAM Packet Format".

5.3.  Generic Overlay OAM Packet Format

   Following is the format of UDP payload of Generic Overlay OAM Packet:



























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        0                   1                   2                   3
        0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |  Message Type |   Reply mode  |  Return Code  | Return Subcode|
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                        Originator Handle                      |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                        Sequence Number                        |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                    TimeStamp Sent (seconds)                   |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                  TimeStamp Sent (microseconds)                |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                  TimeStamp Received (seconds)                 |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                TimeStamp Received (microseconds)              |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                            TLVs ...                           |
       .                                                               .
       .                                                               .
       .                                                               .
       |                                                               |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                          Generic Overlay OAM Packet

                The Message Type is one of the following:-

                            Value What it means
                            ----- -------------
                            1     Echo Request

                            2     Echo Reply

                            Reply Mode Values:-

                  Value What it means
                  ----- ---------------------------------
                  1     Do not reply

                  2     Reply via an IPv4/IPv6 UDP Packet

                  3     Reply via Overlay Segment

   Echo Request with 1 (Do not reply) in the Reply Mode field may be
   used for one-way connectivity tests.  The receiving node may log gaps
   in the Sequence Numbers and/or maintain delay/jitter statistics.  For
   normal operation Echo Request would have 2 (Reply via an IPv4 UDP



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   Packet) in the Reply Mode field.

   If it is desired that the reply also comes back via Overlay Segment
   i.e. encapsulated with the Overlay Header, then the Reply Mode filed
   needs to be set to 3 (Reply via Overlay Segment).

   The Originator's Handle is filled in by the Originator, and returned
   unchanged by the receiver in the Echo Reply (if any).  The value used
   for this field can be implementation dependent, this MAY be used by
   the Originator for matching up requests with replies.

   The Sequence Number is assigned by the Originator of Echo Request and
   can be (for example) used to detect missed replies.

   The TimeStamp Sent is the time-of-day (in seconds and microseconds,
   according to the sender's clock) in NTP format [NTP] when the VXLAN
   Echo Request is sent.  The TimeStamp Received in an Echo Reply is the
   time-of-day (according to the receiver's clock) in NTP format that
   the corresponding Echo Request was received.

   TLVs (Type-Length-Value tuples) have the following format:


        0                   1                   2                   3
        0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |             Type              |            Length             |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                             Value                             |
       .                                                               .
       .                                                               .
       .                                                               .
       |                                                               |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       | Sub-TLV Type  |    Length     |    Variable Length Value      |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                         Variable Length Value                 |
       |                             "                                 |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


   Types are defined below; Length is the length of the Value field in
   octets.  The Value field depends on the Type; it is zero padded to
   align to a 4-octet boundary.  There could be one or many optional
   Sub-TLV that could be encoded under the TLV.




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5.3.1.  TLV Types for various Overlay Ping Models

                                TLV Types:-

                   Value What it means
                   ----- ------------------------------
                   1     VXLAN Segment Ping for IPv4

                   2     VXLAN Segment Ping for IPv6

                   3     NVGRE Segment Ping for IPv4

                   4     NVGRE Segment Ping for IPv6

                   5     MPLSoGRE Segment Ping for IPv4

                   6     MPLSoGRE Segment Ping for IPv6

                   7     MPLSoUDP Segment Ping for IPv4

                   8     MPLSoUDP Segment Ping for IPv6






























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5.3.1.1.  TLV for VXLAN Ping


        0                   1                   2                   3
        0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |    Type = 1(VXLAN ping IPv4)|          Length                 |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                          VXLAN VNI             |  Reserved    |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                     IPv4 Sender Address                       |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                        TLV if Sender Address is IPv4

        0                   1                   2                   3
        0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |    Type = 2 (VXLAN ping IPv6)|         Length                 |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                          VXLAN VNI            |  Reserved     |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                                                               |
       |                     IPv6 Sender Address                       |
       |                                                               |
       |                                                               |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                            TLV if Sender Address is IPv6






















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5.3.1.2.  TLV for NVGRE Ping


        0                   1                   2                   3
        0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |    Type = 3 (NVGRE ping IPv4)|         Length                 |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                          NVGRE VSID           |  Reserved     |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                     IPv4 Sender Address                       |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                        TLV if Sender Address is IPv4

        0                   1                   2                   3
        0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |    Type = 4 (NVGRE ping IPv6)|         Length                 |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                          NVGRE VSID          |  Reserved      |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                                                               |
       |                     IPv6 Sender Address                       |
       |                                                               |
       |                                                               |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                            TLV if Sender Address is IPv6






















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5.3.1.3.  TLV for MPLSoGRE Ping


        0                   1                   2                   3
        0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |    Type = 5 (MPLSoGRE ping IPv4)|      Length                 |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                      Route Distinguisher                      |
       |                          (8 octets)                           |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                   IPv4 Sender Address                         |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                        TLV if Sender Address is IPv4


           0                   1                   2                   3
        0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |    Type = 6 (MPLSoGRE ping IPv6)|      Length                 |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                      Route Distinguisher                      |
       |                          (8 octets)                           |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                         IPv6 Sender Address                   |
       |                                                               |
       |                                                               |
       |                                                               |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                            TLV if Sender Address is IPv6


   Route Distinguisher is defined as part of [RFC4365]


















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5.3.1.4.  TLV for MPLSoUDP Ping


        0                   1                   2                   3
        0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |    Type = 7 (MPLSoUDP ping IPv4)|      Length                 |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                      Route Distinguisher                      |
       |                          (8 octets)                           |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                     Sender IPv4 Address                       |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                        TLV if Sender Address is IPv4


           0                   1                   2                   3
        0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |    Type = 8 (MPLSoUDP ping IPv6)|      Length                 |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                      Route Distinguisher                      |
       |                          (8 octets)                           |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                    Sender IPv6 Address                        |
       |                                                               |
       |                                                               |
       |                                                               |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                            TLV if Sender Address is IPv6

   Route Distinguisher is defined as part of [RFC4365]



















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6.  Return Codes

   Sender MUST always set the Return Code set to zero.  The receiver can
   set it to one of the values listed below when replying back to Echo-
   Request.

               Following are the Return Codes (Suggested):-

                   Value What it means
                   ----- -------------------------------
                   0     No return code

                   1     Malformed Echo Request Received

                   2     Overlay Segment Not Present

                   3     Overlay Segment Not Operational

                   4     Return-Code-OK
































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7.  Procedure for Overlay Segment Ping

   Echo Request is used to test Data Plane and its view of Control Plane
   for particular Overlay Segment.  The Overlay Segment to be verified
   is identified differently for various Overlay Technologies.  For
   VXLAN, VNI is used to identify given Overlay Segment.  For NVGRE,
   VSID is used.  For MPLSoGRE and MPLSoUDP the MPLS Stack is used to
   identify a given Overlay Segment.

   For the Data Plane verification, the Overlay Echo Request Packet MUST
   be encapsulated within the Overlay Header, which is same as that of
   any End-Point data going over the same Overlay Segment.  This would
   guarantee the data-path for OAM Packet follows the same path as that
   for any End User data going over the same Overlay Segment.

   The payload carried by Overlay typically could be either be Layer 2
   or Ethernet Frame, or it could be Layer 3 or IP Packet.  Based on the
   type of payload following is the way inner Header(s) of Echo Request
   would be encoded.

7.1.  Encoding of Inner Header for Echo Request in Layer 2 Context

   If the encapsulated payload carried by Overlay is of type Ethernet,
   then the OAM Echo Request packet would have inner Ethernet Header,
   followed by IP and UDP Header.  The payload of inner UDP would be as
   described in below section "Generic Overlay OAM Packet Format".

   Inner Ethernet Header for the Echo Request Packet MUST have the
   Destination Mac set to 00-00-5E-90-XX-XX (to be assigned IANA).  The
   Source Mac should be set to Mac Address of the Originating VTEP.
   However, it is desired that the Inner Source Mac SHOULD not be learnt
   in the MAC-Table as this represent Control Packet in context of
   Overlay OAM.

   Inner IP header is set with the Source IP Address which is a routable
   Address of the sender; the Destination IP Address is a (randomly
   chosen) IPv4 Address from the range 127/8, IPv6 addresses are chosen
   from the range 0:0:0:0:0:FFFF:127/104.  The IP TTL is set to 255.

   The inner Destination UDP port is set to xxxx (assigned by IANA for
   Overlay OAM).

   The "Generic Overlay OAM Packet" will now be encoded, with following
   information.

   The sender chooses a Originator's Handle and a Sequence Number.  When
   sending subsequent Overlay Echo Requests, the sender SHOULD increment
   the Sequence Number by 1.



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   The TimeStamp Sent is set to the time-of-day (in seconds and
   microseconds) that the Echo Request is sent.  The TimeStamp Received
   is set to zero.  Also, the Reply Mode must be set to the desired
   reply mode.  The Return Code and Subcode are set to zero.

   Next, the TLV is Encoded for desired Overlay Type, as per Section
   "Types of TLVs defined for various Overlay Ping Models"

7.2.  Encoding of Inner Header for Echo Request in Layer 3 Context

   If the encapsulated payload carried by Overlay is of type IP, then
   the Encoding of the Echo Request would be same as above Section
   "Encoding of Inner Header for Echo Request in Layer 2 Context", but
   without the presence of Inner Ethernet Header.

7.3.  VXLAN Procedures

7.3.1.  Sending VXLAN Echo Request

   The Outer VxLAN header for the Echo Request packet follows the
   encapsulation as defined in [I-D.draft-mahalingam-dutt-dcops-vxlan].
   The VNI is same as that of the VXLAN Segment that is being verified.
   This would make sure that OAM Packet takes the same datapath as any
   other End System data going over this VXLAN Segment.

   The VXLAN Router Alert option
   [I-D.draft-singh-nvo3-vxlan-router-alert] MUST be set in the VXLAN
   header as shown below.

        VXLAN Header:
        +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
        |R|R|R|R|I|R|R|RA|           Reserved                           |
        +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
        |                VXLAN Network Identifier (VNI) |   Reserved    |
        +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

        RA: Router Alter Bit (Proposed)


   Originating VTEP MAY set the I Bit to 1 in VXLAN Header when sending
   OAM Frame.  This would cause dropping of such VXLAN frames on any
   Terminating VTEP that does not understand Overlay OAM framework, and
   prevent sending those frames to End-Systems or VMs.

   It is desired to choose the Source UDP port (in the outer header), so
   as to exercise the same Data-Path as that of the traffic carried over
   the VXLAN Segment and is left to the implementation.




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   The Encoding of Inner Header(s) and UDP payload of Generic Overlay
   OAM Packet is as described in above Sub-Section i.e.  "Encoding of
   Inner Header for Echo Request in Layer 2/Layer 3 Context".

7.3.2.  Receiving VXLAN Echo Request

   At the Terminating Overlay End Point or VTEP, since the Overlay OAM
   Packet is exactly same as that of End-System Packet(s).  It is
   important to send OAM packet to Control Plane and prevent it from
   sending to the End System.  The trapping and sending VXLAN Echo
   Request to the Control Plane is triggered by one of the following
   Packet processing exceptions: VXLAN Router Alert option,
   [I-D.draft-singh-nvo3-vxlan-router-alert] the Inner Destination MAC
   Address of 00-00-5E-90-XX-XX as defined in above section, and the
   Destination IP Address in the 127/8 Address range for IPv4 Address,
   or 0:0:0:0:0:FFFF:127/104 for IPv6 Address.

   The Control Plane further identifies the Overlay OAM Application by
   UDP well know destination port xxxx.

   Since the VxLAN Router Alert bit is set in VxLAN Header, which
   signifies the presence of Control Packet.  The terminating VTEP
   SHOULD not learn the Mac address set in the Inner Mac Header of VxLAN
   Echo Request Packet.

   Once the VXLAN Echo Request Packet is identified at Control Plane, it
   is processed as follows:-

   o  General Packet sanity is verified.  If the Packet is not well-
      formed, VTEP SHOULD send VXLAN Echo Reply with the Return Code set
      to "Malformed Echo Request received" and the Subcode to zero.  The
      header fields Originator's Handle, Sequence Number, and Timestamp
      Sent are not examined, but are included in the VXLAN Echo Reply
      message

   o  VNI Validation: If there is no entry for VNI, it indicates that
      there could be a transient or permanent disconnect between Control
      Plane and data Plane and VTEP needs to report an error with Return
      Code of "Overlay Segment Not Present" and a Return Subcode of
      Zero.  If the mapping for VNI Exists, but the state is not
      Operational, VTEP needs to report an error with Return Code of
      "Overlay Segment Not Operational" If the mapping exists then send
      VXLAN Echo Reply with a Return Code of "Return-Code-OK", and a
      Return Subcode of Zero.  The procedures for sending the Echo Reply
      are found in subsection below section.






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7.3.3.  Sending VXLAN Echo Reply

   If the Reply Mode is set to "Reply via an IPv4/IPv6 UDP Packet", the
   Echo Reply is a UDP Packet.  It MUST ONLY be sent in response to Echo
   Request.  The Source IP Address in the Header should be Routable
   Address of the replier; The Destination IP Address should be IP
   Address of the Echo Request's Originating End Point or the requester.
   The destination UDP Port is set to XXXX (assigned by IANA for
   identifying VXLAN OAM application).  The IP TTL is set to 255.

   The format of the Echo Reply is the same as the Echo Request.  The
   Originator Handle, the Sequence Number, and TimeStamp Sent are copied
   from the Echo Request; the TimeStamp Received is set to the time-of-
   day that the Echo Request is received (note that this information is
   most useful if the time-of-day clocks on the requester and the
   replier are synchronized).  The replier MUST fill in the Return Code
   and Subcode, as determined in the previous subsection.

   If the Reply Mode is set to "Reply via Overlay Segment", then the
   Replying Overlay End Point is expected to place Echo Reply packet in-
   band in the Overlay Segment destined to the Originating Overlay End
   Point.  The detailed encapsulation for this would be covered in next
   revision of the draft.

7.3.4.  Receiving VXLAN Echo Reply

   An Originating Overlay End Point should only receive Echo Reply in
   response to an Echo Request that it sent.  When the Reply Mode is
   "Reply via an IPv4/IPv6 UDP Packet", the Echo Reply would be and IP
   Packet/UDP Packet, and is identified by the destination UDP Port
   XXXX.  The Originating Overlay End Point should parse the Packet to
   ensure that it is well-formed, then attempt to match up the Echo
   Reply with an Echo Request that it had previously sent, and the
   Originator Handle.  If no match is found, then it should drop the
   Echo Reply Packet; otherwise, it checks the Sequence Number to see if
   it matches.

7.4.  NVGRE Procedures

7.4.1.  Sending NVGRE Echo Request

   The Outer NVGRE header for the Echo Request packet follows the
   encapsulation as defined in
   [I-D.draft-sridharan-virtualization-nvgre].  The VSID is same as that
   of the NVGRE Segment that is being verified.  This would make sure
   that OAM Packet takes the same datapath as any other End System data
   going over this NVGRE Segment.




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   The NVGRE Router Alert option
   [I-D.draft-singh-nvo3-nvgre-router-alert] MUST be set in the NVGRE
   header as shown below.

       GRE Header:
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |0| |1|0| Reserved0     RA| Ver |   Protocol Type 0x6558        |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |               Virtual Subnet ID (VSID)        |   Reserved    |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

           RA: Router Alter Bit (Proposed)


   The Encoding of Inner Header(s) and UDP payload of Generic Overlay
   OAM Packet is as described in above Sub-Section i.e.  "Encoding of
   Inner Header for Echo Request in Layer 2/Layer 3 Context".

7.4.2.  Receiving NVGRE Echo Request

   At the Terminating Overlay End Point, since the Overlay OAM Packet is
   exactly same as that of End-System Packet(s).  It is important to
   send OAM packet to Control Plane and prevent it from sending to the
   End System.  The trapping and sending NVGRE Echo Request to the
   Control Plane is triggered by one of the following Packet processing
   exceptions: NVGRE Router Alert option,
   [I-D.draft-singh-nvo3-nvgre-router-alert] the Inner Destination MAC
   Address of 00-00-5E-90-XX-XX as defined in above section, and the
   Destination IP Address in the 127/8 Address range for IPv4 Address,
   or 0:0:0:0:0:FFFF:127/104 for IPv6 Address.

   The Control Plane further identifies the Overlay OAM Application by
   UDP well know destination port xxxx.

   Since the NVGRE Router Alert bit is set in NVGRE Header, which
   signifies the presence of Control Packet.  The Terminating Overlay
   End Point SHOULD not learn the Mac address set in the Inner Mac
   Header of NVGRE Echo Request Packet.

   Once the NVGRE Echo Request Packet is identified at Control Plane, it
   is processed as follows:-

   o  General Packet sanity is verified.  If the Packet is not well-
      formed, NVGRE End Point SHOULD send NVGRE Echo Reply with the
      Return Code set to "Malformed Echo Request received" and the
      Subcode to zero.  The header fields Originator's Handle, Sequence
      Number, and Timestamp Sent are not examined, but are included in
      the NVGRE Echo Reply message



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   o  VSID Validation: If there is no entry for VSID, it indicates that
      there could be a transient or permanent disconnect between Control
      Plane and data Plane and NVGRE End Point needs to report an error
      with Return Code of "Overlay Segment Not Present" and a Return
      Subcode of Zero.  If the mapping for VSID Exists, but the state is
      not Operational, NVGRE End Point needs to report an error with
      Return Code of "Overlay Segment Not Operational" If the mapping
      exists then send NVGRE Echo Reply with a Return Code of "Return-
      Code-OK", and a Return Subcode of Zero.  The procedures for
      sending the Echo Reply are found in subsection below section.

7.4.3.  Sending NVGRE Echo Reply

   The procedure for sending NVGRE Echo Reply are exactly same as
   defined in above section "Sending VXLAN Echo Reply".

7.4.4.  Receiving NVGRE Echo Reply

   The procedure for Receiving NVGRE Echo Reply are exactly same as
   defined in above section "Receiving VXLAN Echo Reply".

7.5.  MPLSoGRE Procedures

7.5.1.  Sending MPLSoGRE Echo Request

   The Outer header of MPLSoGRE for the Echo Request packet follows the
   encapsulation as defined in [RFC4023].  The MPLS Stack is same as
   that of the MPLSoGRE Segment that is being verified.  This would make
   sure that OAM Packet takes the same datapath as any other End System
   data going over this MPLSoGRE Segment.

   However, the bottommost Label in MPLS Stack MUST be MPLS Router Alert
   Label [RFC3032].  This would indicate the Overlay Terminating End
   Point that the payload is a Control Packet and needs to be delivered
   to Control Plane.

   The Encoding of Inner Header(s) and UDP payload of Generic Overlay
   OAM Packet is as described in above Sub-Section i.e.  "Encoding of
   Inner Header for Echo Request in Layer 2/Layer 3 Context".

7.5.2.  Receiving MPLSoGRE Echo Request

   At the Terminating Overlay End Point, since the Overlay OAM Packet is
   exactly same as that of End-System Packet(s).  It is important to
   send OAM packet to Control Plane and prevent it from sending to the
   End System.  The trapping and sending MPLSoGRE Echo Request to the
   Control Plane is triggered by one of the following Packet processing
   exceptions: MPLS Router Alert Label, and the Destination IP Address



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   in the 127/8 Address range for IPv4 Address, or 0:0:0:0:0:FFFF:127/
   104 for IPv6 Address.

   The Control Plane further identifies the Overlay OAM Application by
   UDP well know destination port xxxx.

   Once the MPLSoGRE Echo Request Packet is identified at Control Plane,
   it is processed as follows:-

   o  General Packet sanity is verified.  If the Packet is not well-
      formed, MPLSoGRE End Point SHOULD send MPLSoGRE Echo Reply with
      the Return Code set to "Malformed Echo Request received" and the
      Subcode to zero.  The header fields Originator's Handle, Sequence
      Number, and Timestamp Sent are not examined, but are included in
      the MPLSoGRE Echo Reply message

   o  Segment Validation: If there is no entry for service represented
      by given Route Distinguisher for the MPLSoGRE Segment, it
      indicates that there could be a transient or permanent disconnect
      between Control Plane and Data Plane and MPLSoGRE End Point needs
      to report an error with Return Code of "Overlay Segment Not
      Present" and a Return Subcode of Zero.  If the entry for service
      represented by given Route Distinguisher for the MPLSoGRE Segment
      is present, but is Operationally Down.  The End Point needs to
      report an error with Return Code of "Overlay Segment Not
      Operational" If the mapping of service represented by given Route
      Distinguisher for the MPLSoGRE Segment is present and Active, then
      send MPLSoGRE Echo Reply with a Return Code of "Return-Code-OK".

7.5.3.  Sending MPLSoGRE Echo Reply

   The procedure for sending MPLSoGRE Echo Reply are exactly same as
   defined in above section "Sending VXLAN Echo Reply".

7.5.4.  Receiving MPLSoGRE Echo Reply

   The procedure for Receiving MPLSoGRE Echo Reply are exactly same as
   defined in above section "Receiving VXLAN Echo Reply".

7.6.  MPLSoUDP Procedures

7.6.1.  Sending MPLSoUDP Echo Request

   The Outer header of MPLSoUDP for the Echo Request packet follows the
   encapsulation as defined in [I-D.draft-ietf-mpls-in-udp].  The MPLS
   Stack is same as that of the MPLSoUDP Segment that is being verified.
   This would make sure that OAM Packet takes the same datapath as any
   other End System data going over this MPLSoUDP Segment.



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   However, the bottommost Label in MPLS Stack MUST be MPLS Router Alert
   Label [RFC3032].  This would indicate the Overlay Terminating End
   Point that the payload is a Control Packet and needs to be delivered
   to Control Plane.

   It is desired to choose the Source UDP port (in the outer header), so
   as to exercise the same Data-Path as that of the traffic carried over
   the MPLSoUDP Segment and is left to the implementation.

   The Encoding of Inner Header(s) and UDP payload of Generic Overlay
   OAM Packet is as described in above Sub-Section i.e.  "Encoding of
   Inner Header for Echo Request in Layer 2/Layer 3 Context".

7.6.2.  Receiving MPLSoUDP Echo Request

   At the Terminating Overlay End Point, since the Overlay OAM Packet is
   exactly same as that of End-System Packet(s).  It is important to
   send OAM packet to Control Plane and prevent it from sending to the
   End System.  The trapping and sending MPLSoGRE Echo Request to the
   Control Plane is triggered by one of the following Packet processing
   exceptions: MPLS Router Alert Label, and the Destination IP Address
   in the 127/8 Address range for IPv4 Address, or 0:0:0:0:0:FFFF:127/
   104 for IPv6 Address.

   The Control Plane further identifies the Overlay OAM Application by
   UDP well know destination port xxxx.

   Once the MPLSoUDP Echo Request Packet is identified at Control Plane,
   it is processed as follows:-

   o  General Packet sanity is verified.  If the Packet is not well-
      formed, MPLSoUDP End Point SHOULD send MPLSoUDP Echo Reply with
      the Return Code set to "Malformed Echo Request received" and the
      Subcode to zero.  The header fields Originator's Handle, Sequence
      Number, and Timestamp Sent are not examined, but are included in
      the MPLSoUDP Echo Reply message

   o  Segment Validation: If there is no entry for service represented
      by given Route Distinguisher for the MPLSoUDP Segment, it
      indicates that there could be a transient or permanent disconnect
      between Control Plane and data Plane and MPLSoUDP End Point needs
      to report an error with Return Code of "Overlay Segment Not
      Present" and a Return Subcode of Zero.  If the entry for service
      represented by given Route Distinguisher for the MPLSoUDP Segment
      is present, but is Operationally Down.  The End Point needs to
      report an error with Return Code of "Overlay Segment Not
      Operational" If the mapping of service represented by given Route
      Distinguisher for the MPLSoUDP Segment is present and Active, then



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      send MPLSoUDP Echo Reply with a Return Code of "Return-Code-OK".

7.6.3.  Sending MPLSoUDP Echo Reply

   The procedure for sending MPLSoGRE Echo Reply are exactly same as
   defined in above section "Sending VXLAN Echo Reply".

7.6.4.  Receiving MPLSoUDP Echo Reply

   The procedure for Receiving MPLSoGRE Echo Reply are exactly same as
   defined in above section "Receiving VXLAN Echo Reply".








































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8.  Procedure for Trace

   In order to be able to trace the Path that a particular flow in the
   Overlay takes through the Underlay Network, following mechanism can
   be used - An overlay Echo Request packet is built and sent using the
   mechanisms described in the Section "Procedure for Overlay Segment
   Ping" so that the overlay traceroute follows the same path as the
   data packet for the overlay segment being traced.

   The Echo Request packet in the traceroute mode is sent with the
   initial TTL set to 1 in the Outer IP header and thereafter
   incremented by 1 in each successive request.  At each transit hop
   where the TTL expires, an exception is created.  Because of this
   exception, the packet gets delivered to the Control Plane.  Control
   plane can further deliver the packet to the OAM application based on
   the TTL exception and the specific UDP port XXXX in the incoming
   overlay echo request packet.  If the transit node has the IP
   reachability to the destination IP address in the outer IP header, it
   sends back an overlay echo reply response otherwise the Overlay Echo
   Request is discarded by the Overlay OAM module on the transit nodes.
   If the transit node does not support overlay OAM functionality, it
   will simply generate a regular ICMP TTL exceeded response.  This
   could result into "false negatives".  The originating Overlay node
   that generated the OAM echo request SHOULD try sending the echo
   request with TTL=n+1, n+2, ... to probe the nodes further down the
   path to the terminating overlay End-point.

   At the originating node, when the Echo Reply from the transit node
   corresponding to the traceroute query is received, it can correlate
   the incoming Echo Reply with the traceroute query by matching on the
   sequence numbers in the Overlay Echo Request/Reply packets.

   Current revision of this draft limits overlay traceroute capability
   to fault isolation only.  A subsequent version of the draft will
   include mechanisms to trace all possible paths in the underlay that
   can be used to carry overlay tunnel traffic.















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9.  Procedure for End-System Ping

   In typical Overlay deployment scenarios there is a desired to check
   the presence of any given Tenant VM/End-System or Flow representing
   the End-System System within a given Overlay Segment.  This draft
   proposes the way to achieve it via End-System Ping.

   The End-System can be identified at Overlay End Point by either its
   IP Address, Ethernet MAC Address or combination of IP/MAC Address.

   In that case, it would be important to verify the End-System
   connectivity by procedure which goes over the Overlay Segment from
   Originating Overlay End-Point and verifies the presence of the End-
   System at the Terminating Overlay End-Point.

   The scope of End-System Ping is solely with the Cloud Provider which
   owns control of the Overlay End Point(s).  It is expected that the
   Overlay End Point traps this request and checks the Presence of the
   End-System via its MAC Address, Route or Flow information and replies
   back.  There SHOULD not be a case where the End-System Ping is
   delivered to the actual End-Point.

9.1.  Sub-TLV for End-System Ping

                              Sub-TLV Types:-

                     Value What it means
                     ----- ---------------------------
                     1     End-System MAC Sub-TLV

                     2     End-System IPv4 Sub-TLV

                     3     End-System IPv6 Sub-TLV

                     4     End-System MAC/IPv4 Sub-TLV

                     6     End-System MAC/IPv6 Sub-TLV

                         End-System Return Code:-

                       Value What it means
                       ----- ----------------------
                       1     End-System Present

                       2     End-System Not Present






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9.1.1.  Sub-TLV for Validating End-System MAC Address


           0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
           |     End-System MAC Sub-TLV (1)  |            Length           |
           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
           |                      MAC address #1                           |
           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
           |        MAC address #1         |         Return Code#1         |
           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
           |                      MAC address #2                           |
           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
           |        MAC address #2         |         Return Code#2         |
           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
           ~                              ...                              ~
           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
           |                      MAC address #n                           |
           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
           |        MAC address #n         |         Return Code #n        |
           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

    MAC Address: MAC Address of the End-System, that user is interested
                 to validate.
    Return Code: Return Code specifying status of End-System at Overlay End Point


























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9.1.2.  Sub-TLV for Validating End-System IP Address


           0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
           |     End-System IPv4 Sub-TLV (2) |            Length           |
           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
           |                      IP address #1                            |
           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
           |       Return Code #1          |     IP address #2             |
           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
           |        IP address #2          |     Return Code #2            |
           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
           ~                              ...                              ~
           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
           |       IP address #n                                           |
           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
           |    Return Code #n             |
           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+



          0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
          +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
          |     End-System IPv6 Sub-TLV (3) |            Length           |
          +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
          |                                                               |
          |                     IPv6 Address #1                           |
          |                                                               |
          |                                                               |
          +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
          |       Return Code #1          |  IPv6 Address #2...           ~
          +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
          ~                              ...                              ~
          +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
          |                                                               |
          |                     IPv6 Address #n                           |
          |                                                               |
          |                                                               |
          +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
          |    Return Code #n             |
          +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

    IP Address : IP Address of the End-System, that user is interested to
                 validate.
    Return Code: Return Code specifying status of End-System at Overlay End Point





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9.1.3.  Sub-TLV for Validating End-System MAC and IP Address


           0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
           |  End-System IPv4/MAC Sub-TLV (4)|            Length           |
           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
           |                      MAC address #1                           |
           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
           |        MAC address #1         |       IP address #1           |
           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
           |        IP address #1          |     Return Code #1            |
           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
           |                      MAC address #2                           |
           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
           |        MAC address #2         |       IP address #2           |
           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
           |        IP address #2          |   Return Code #2              |
           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
           ~                              ...                              ~
           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
           |                      MAC address #n                           |
           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
           |        MAC address #n         |       IP address #n           |
           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
           |        IP address #n          |   Return Code #n                |
           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+




           0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
           |  End-System IPv6/MAC Sub-TLV(5) |            Length           |
           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
           |                      MAC address #1                           |
           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
           |        MAC address #1         |                               |
           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+                               +
           |                                                               |
           +                                                               +
           |                     IPv6 address #1                           |
           +                                                               +
           |                                                               |
           +                               +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
           |                               |   Return Code #1              |
           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
           ~                              ...                              ~



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           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
           |                      MAC address #n                           |
           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
           |        MAC address #n         |                               |
           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+                               +
           |                                                               |
           +
           |                     IPv6 address #1                           |
           +                                                               +
           |                                                               |
           +                               +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
           |                               |   Return Code #1              |
           +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

    IP Address : IP Address of the End-System, that user is interested to
                 validate.
    MAC Address: MAC Address of the End-System, that user is interested to
                 validate.
    Return Code: Return Code specifying status of End-System at Overlay End Point


9.2.  Sending End-System Ping Request

   When it is desired to check presence of a given End-System, the Echo
   Request Message is prepared as described in above Section "Procedure
   for Overlay Segment Ping".  This packet should compose of Outer
   Header, Overlay Header, Inner Header, Generic Overlay Header with TLV
   representing desired Overlay Type (VXLAN, NVGRE, MPLSoGRE or
   MPLSoUDP).  Apart form this the packet should also have one of the
   Sub-TLV's as defined in above section "Sub-TLV for End-System Ping"
   to identify the type of End-System Ping that user is interested in.

   Because of the above mentioned encapsulation, it would be guaranteed
   that the packet follows the same Data Path as that of any End-User
   data going over the given Overlay Segment.

   User need to fill in MAC, IP or MAC/IP combination for the End-
   System(s) that needs to be validated at the Overlay End Point in the
   respective Sub-TLV for End-System Ping.

9.3.  Receiving End-System Ping Request

   On receiving the End-System Ping Request the processing to trap this
   Packet, and sent it to Control Plane is done by Overlay Terminating
   End-System as define in above Section "Procedure for Overlay Segment
   Ping".  Once the OAM Packet reaches OAM Application, it is identified
   as End-System Ping Request by virtue of presence any of the Sub-TLV's
   as defined in Section "Sub-TLV for End-System Ping".



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   If the Sub-TLV is of Type "End-System MAC Sub-TLV", the Overlay End
   Point should iterate through the list of MAC Addresses and verify the
   presence of individual MAC Address in its Flow Table or MAC Table for
   the given Overlay Segment.

   If the MAC Address is present, it should set the respective End-
   System's Return Code field in the Sub-TLV to 1 "End-System-Present".

   If the MAC Address is not present, it should set respective the End-
   System's Return Code filed in the Sub-TLV to 2 "End-System-Not-
   Present".

   If the Sub-TLV is of Type "End-System IP Sub-TLV", the Overlay End
   Point should iterate through the list of IP Addresses and verify the
   presence of individual IP Address in its Flow Table or Route Table
   for the given Overlay Segment.

   If the IP Address is present, it should set the respective End-
   System's Return Code field in the Sub-TLV to 1 "End-System-Present".

   If the IPC Address is not present, it should set respective the End-
   System's Return Code filed in the Sub-TLV to 2 "End-System-Not-
   Present".

   If the Sub-TLV is of Type "End-System MAC and IP Sub-TLV", the
   Overlay End Point should iterate through the list of MAC/IP Addresses
   and verify the presence of individual MAC/IP Combination in its Flow
   Table or MAC and IP Table for the given Overlay Segment.

   If the IP and MAC Address is present, it should set the respective
   End-System's Return Code field in the Sub-TLV to 1 "End-System-
   Present".

   If the IP and MAC Address is not present, it should set respective
   the End-System's Return Code filed in the Sub-TLV to 2 "End-System-
   Not-Present".

9.4.  Sending End-System Ping Reply

   The procedure for sending End-System Echo Reply is same as defined in
   above section "Sending VXLAN Echo Reply".  The replier MUST fill Sub-
   TLV with proper Return Code for each element in the End-System Sub-
   TLV.

9.5.  Receiving End-System Ping Reply

   An Originating Overlay End Point should only receive Echo Reply for
   End-System Ping, in response to an Echo Request that it sent.  By



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   virtue of presence of End-System Sub-TLV it would identify the status
   of respective End-System, and report it to the user.  The other part
   of the handling is similar to section "Receiving VXLAN Echo Reply"
















































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10.  Security Considerations

   TBD
















































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11.  Management Considerations

   None
















































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12.  Acknowledgements

   This document is the outcome of many discussions among many people,
   including Saurabh Shrivastava, Krishna Ram Kuttuva Jeyaram and Suresh
   Boddapati of Nuage Networks, Jorge Rabadan of Alcatel-Lucent, Inc and
   Rahul Kasralikar of Juniper Networks, Inc.













































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13.  IANA Considerations

   Action-1: This specification reserves a IANA UDP Port Number to be
   used when sending the Overlay OAM Packet

   Action-2: This specification reserves a IANA Ethernet unicast Address
   for VXLAN/NVGRE Exception handling.  This Address needs to be
   reserved from the block.  "IANA Ethernet Address block - Unicast Use"











































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14.  References

14.1.  Normative References

   [I-D.draft-ietf-mpls-in-udp]
              Xu, Sheth, Yong, Pignataro, Yongbing , and Li,
              "Encapsulating MPLS in UDP", May 2013.

   [I-D.draft-lasserre-nvo3-framework]
              Lasserre, M., Balus, F., Morin, T., Bitar, N., and Y.
              Rekhter, "Framework for DC Network Virtualization",
              September 2011.

   [I-D.draft-mahalingam-dutt-dcops-vxlan]
              Mahalingam, M., Dutt, D., Agarwal, P., Kreeger, L.,
              Sridhar, T., Bursell, M., and C. Wright, "VXLAN: A
              Framework for Overlaying Virtualized Layer 2  Networks
              over Layer 3 Networks", May 2013.

   [I-D.draft-singh-nvo3-nvgre-router-alert]
              Singh, K., Jain, P., Balus, F., and W. Henderickx, "NVGRE
              Router Alert Option", May 2013.

   [I-D.draft-singh-nvo3-vxlan-router-alert]
              Singh, K., Jain, P., Balus, F., and W. Henderickx, "VxLAN
              Router Alert Option", May 2013.

   [I-D.draft-sridharan-virtualization-nvgre]
              Sridharan, M., Duda, K., Greenberg, A., Lin, G., Pearson,
              M., Thaler, P., Tumuluri, C., Venkataramiah, N., and Y.
              Wang, "NVGRE: Network Virtualization using Generic Routing
              Encapsulation", February 2013.

   [RFC3032]  Rosen, E., Tappan, D., Fedorkow, G., Rekhter, Y.,
              Farinacci, D., Li, T., and A. Conta, "MPLS Label Stack
              Encoding", RFC 3032, January 2001.

   [RFC4023]  Worster, T., Rekhter, Y., and E. Rosen, "Encapsulating
              MPLS in IP or Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE)",
              RFC 4023, March 2005.

   [RFC4365]  Rosen, E., "Applicability Statement for BGP/MPLS IP
              Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)", RFC 4365, February 2006.

   [RFC4379]  Kompella, K. and G. Swallow, "Detecting Multi-Protocol
              Label Switched (MPLS) Data Plane Failures", RFC 4379,
              February 2006.




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14.2.  Informative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC4330]  Mills, D., "Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) Version 4
              for IPv4, IPv6 and OSI", RFC 4330, January 2006.












































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Authors' Addresses

   Pradeep Jain
   Nuage Networks
   755 Ravendale Drive
   Mountain View, CA  94043
   USA

   Email: pradeep@nuagenetworks.net


   Kanwar Singh
   Nuage Networks
   755 Ravendale Drive
   Mountain View, CA  94043
   USA

   Email: kanwar@nuagenetworks.net


   Florin Balus
   Nuage Networks
   755 Ravendale Drive
   Mountain View, CA  94043
   USA

   Email: florin@nuagenetworks.net


   Wim Henderickx
   Alcatel-Lucent
   Copernicuslaan 50
   Antwerp  2018
   Belgium

   Email: wim.henderickx@alcatel-lucent.be


   Vinay Bannai
   PayPal
   2211 N. First St,
   San Jose  95131
   USA

   Email: vbannai@paypal.com






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   Ravi Shekhar
   Juniper Networks
   1194 North Mathilda Ave.
   Sunnyvale, CA  94089
   USA

   Email: rshekhar@juniper.net


   Anil Lohiya
   Juniper Networks
   1194 North Mathilda Ave.
   Sunnyvale, CA  94089
   USA

   Email: alohiya@juniper.net



































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