Network Working Group J. Jeong
Internet-Draft Sungkyunkwan University
Intended status: Standards Track J. Park
Expires: March 5, 2015 ETRI
September 1, 2014
DNS Name Autoconfiguration for Home Network Devices
draft-jeong-homenet-device-name-autoconf-01
Abstract
This document specifies an autoconfiguration scheme for DNS names of
home network devices. By this scheme, the DNS name of a home network
device can be autoconfigured with the device's category and model in
a home network. This DNS name lets home residents easily identify
each device for monitoring and remote-controlling it in a home
network.
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document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1. Applicability Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5. DNS Name Autoconfiguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5.1. DNS Name Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5.2. Procedure of DNS Name Autoconfiguration . . . . . . . . . . 5
5.2.1. Procedure of Device Name Generation . . . . . . . . . . 5
5.2.2. Uniqueness Test of Device DNS Name . . . . . . . . . . 6
5.2.3. Collection of Device DNS Names . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6. Location-Aware DNS Name Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6.1. Macro-Location-Aware DNS Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6.2. Micro-Location-Aware DNS Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
9.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
9.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
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1. Introduction
Many appliances (such as smart TV, refrigerator, air conditioner, and
washing machine) in a home network have begun to have WiFi capability
for monitoring and remote-controlling within a home network or from
the Internet. Also, Internet of Things (IoT) devices (such as light,
meter, room temperature controller, and sensors) have been installed
into home networks for the easy management of home environments.
For the Internet connectivity of home network devices, a variety of
parameters (e.g., IPv6 addresses, default routers, and DNS servers)
can be automatically configured by Neighbor Discovery (ND) for IP
Version 6, IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration, and IPv6 Router
Advertisement (RA) Options for DNS Configuration
[RFC4861][RFC4862][RFC6106].
For these home appliances and IoT devices, the manual configuration
of DNS names will be cumbersome and time-consuming as the number of
them increases rapidly in a home network. It will be good for such
DNS names to be automatically configured such that they are readable
to home residents.
This document proposes an autoconfiguration scheme for DNS names of
home network devices. Since an autoconfigured DNS name contains the
device category and model of a device, home residents can easily
identify the device. With this device category and model, they will
be able to monitor and remote-control each device with mobile smart
devices, such as smartphone and tablet.
1.1. Applicability Statements
It is assumed that home network devices have Ethernet or WiFi
capability (e.g., IEEE 802.11 series [IEEE-802.11] [IEEE-802.11a]
[IEEE-802.11b][IEEE-802.11g] [IEEE-802.11n]) and are connected to a
local area network (LAN) or a wireless LAN (WLAN).
Also, it is assumed that each home network device has a factory
configuration (called device configuration) having device category
(e.g., smart TV, smartphone, tablet, and refrigerator) and model
(i.e., a specific model name of the device). This device
configuration can be read by the device for DNS name
autoconfiguration.
2. Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
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3. Terminology
This document uses the terminology described in [RFC4861] and
[RFC4862]. In addition, four new terms are defined below:
o Device Configuration: A factory configuration that has device
category (e.g., smart TV, smartphone, tablet, and refrigerator)
and model (i.e., a specific model name of the device).
o DNS Search List (DNSSL): The list of DNS suffix domain names used
by IPv6 hosts when they perform DNS query searches for short,
unqualified domain names [RFC6106].
o DNSSL Option: IPv6 RA option to deliver the DNSSL information to
IPv6 hosts [RFC6106].
4. Overview
This document specifies an autoconfiguration scheme for a home
network device using device configuration and DNS search list.
Device configuration has device category and device model. DNS
search list has DNS suffix domain names that represent DNS domains of
the home network having the home network device [RFC6106].
As an IPv6 host, the home network device can obtain DNS search list
through IPv6 Router Advertisement (RA) with DNS Search List (DNSSL)
Option [RFC4861][RFC6106] or DHCPv6 with Domain Search List Option
[RFC3315][RFC3736][RFC3646].
The home network device can construct its DNS name with the
concatenation of device category, device model, and domain name.
Since there exist more than one device with the same model, the DNS
name should have a unique identification to differentiate multiple
devices with the same model.
Since both RA and DHCPv6 can be simultaneously used for the parameter
configuration for IPv6 hosts, this document considers the DNS name
autoconfigurtion in the coexistence of RA and DHCP.
5. DNS Name Autoconfiguration
The DNS name autoconfiguration for a home network device needs the
acquisition of DNS search list through either RA [RFC6106] or DHCPv6
[RFC3646]. Once the DNS search list is obtained, the home network
device autonomously constructs its DNS name(s) with the DNS search
list and its device information.
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5.1. DNS Name Format
A DNS name for a home network device has the following format as in
Figure 1:
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| unique_id.device_model.device_category.domain_name |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 1: Home Network Device's DNS Name Format
Fields:
unique_id unique identifier to guarantee the uniqueness
of the DNS name in ASCII characters. The
identifier MAY be a sequence number or
alphanumeric with readability, such as product
name.
device_model device's model name in ASCII characters. It
is a product model name provided by the
manufacturer.
device_category device's category name in ASCII characters,
such as TV, refrigerator, air conditioner,
smartphone, tablet, light, and meter.
domain_name DNS domain name that is encoded according to
the specification of "Representation and use
of domain name" of RFC 3315.
5.2. Procedure of DNS Name Autoconfiguration
The procedure of DNS name autoconfiguration is performed through a
DNSSL option delivered by either RA [RFC6106] or DHCPv6 [RFC3646].
5.2.1. Procedure of Device Name Generation
When as an IPv6 host a device receives a DNSSL option through either
RA or DHCPv6, it checks the validity for the DNSSL option. If the
option is valid, the IPv6 host performs the DNS name
autoconfiguration with each DNS suffix domain name in the DNSSL
option as follows:
1. The host constructs its DNS name with the DNS suffix domain name
along with device configuration and a selected identifier (as
unique_id) that is considered unique.
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2. The host performs the uniqueness test of the constructed DNS
name. The uniqueness test is performed through duplicate address
detection (DAD) procedure in ND [RFC4861][RFC4862]. See Section
5.2.2 for the detailed test procedure.
3. If the DNS name is proven to be unique, it is used as the
device's DNS name and the DNS autoconfiguration is done for the
given DNS suffix domain name. Otherwise, go to Step 1.
When the DNS search list has more than one DNS suffix domain name,
the IPv6 host repeats the above procedure until all of the DNS
suffixes are used for the DNS name autoconfiguration.
5.2.2. Uniqueness Test of Device DNS Name
An IPv6 host generates an IPv6 address with 64-bit prefix from an RA
option (or DHCPv6) and 64-bit hash value from the DNS name to be
tested. Before using such an IPv6 address associated with the DNS
name, the IPv6 host performs the DAD to check whether the address
belongs to another IPv6 host or not. Note that the IPv6 host
configures the IPv6 address corresponding to the DNS name as its
address. If the address belongs to another IPv6 host, it is
considered that the DNS name corresponding to the address is occupied
by a different host. Thus, the IPv6 host selects another unique
identifier (as unique_id) for a DNS name and repeats the uniqueness
test of the new DNS name with the identifier.
1. The host computes the hash value of the DNS name to be tested for
the uniqueness using a hash function (e.g., MD5 and SHA-1). It
takes the first 64 bits of the hash value from most significant
bit.
2. The host performs the uniqueness test of the constructed DNS
name. The uniqueness test is performed through the DAD procedure
in ND [RFC4861][RFC4862].
3. If the DNS name is proven to be unique with no response for the
DAD, the device configures the DNS name and the corresponding
IPv6 address as its own DNS name and address, respectively,
returning the success of the uniqueness test. Otherwise, return
the failure of the uniqueness test.
5.2.3. Collection of Device DNS Names
Once as IPv6 hosts the devices have autoconfigured their DNS names,
as a collector, any IPv6 node (i.e., router or host) in the same
subnet can collect the device DNS names using IPv6 Node Information
(NI) protocol [RFC4620].
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For a collector to collect the device DNS names without any prior
node information, a new NI query needs to be defined. That is, a new
ICMPv6 Code (e.g., 3) SHOULD be defined for the collection of the
IPv6 host DNS names. The Data field is not included in the ICMPv6
header since the NI query is for all the IPv6 hosts in the same
subnet. The Qtype field for NI type type is set to 2 for Node Name.
The query SHOULD be transmitted by the collector to a link-local
multicast address for this NI query. Assume that a link-local
multicast address SHOULD be defined for device DNS name collection
and that all the IPv6 hosts join this link-local multicast address
for the device DNS name collection service.
When an IPv6 host receives this query sent by the collector in
multicast, it transmits its Reply with a random interval between zero
and [Query Response Interval, as defined by Multicast Listener
Discovery Version 2 [RFC3810]. This randomly delayed Reply allows
the collector to collect the device DNS names with less frame
collision probability by spreading out the Reply time instants.
After the collector collects the device DNS names, it collects the
IPv6 addresses corresponding to the DNS names by NI protocol
[RFC4620]. For DNS name resolution service, the collector can
register the pair(s) of DNS name and IPv6 address for each IPv6 host
into a recursive DNS server known to the collector using DNS dynamic
update [RFC2136].
6. Location-Aware DNS Name Configuration
A DNS name can include location information to let home residents
easily identify the physical location of each device. In this
document, location is categorized into macro-location and micro-
location according to whether the location is a physical location or
device.
6.1. Macro-Location-Aware DNS Name
If location information (such as living room, kitchen, and bedroom)
is available to a home network device, a keyword for the location can
be used to construct a DNS name as subdomain name. This location
information lets home residents track the position of mobile devices
(such as smartphone, tablet, and vacuum cleaning robot). The
physical location of the device is defined as macro-location for DNS
naming.
A subdomain name for macro-location MAY be placed between
device_category and domain_name of the DNS name format in Figure 1.
A localization scheme for device location is beyond the scope of this
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document.
6.2. Micro-Location-Aware DNS Name
An IoT device (e.g., refrigerator) can have multiple other IoT
devices (e.g., containers of a refrigerator) within itself. A device
containing other devices is defined as micro-location for DNS naming.
A subdomain name for micro-location MAY be placed between
device_category and domain_name of the DNS name format in Figure 1.
A localization scheme for micro-location is beyond the scope of this
document.
To denote both macro-location and micro-location into a DNS name, the
following format is described as in Figure 2:
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| unique_id.device_model.device_category.mic_loc.mac_loc.domain_name|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 2: Location-Aware Device DNS Name Format
Fields:
unique_id unique identifier to guarantee the uniqueness
of the DNS name in ASCII characters. The
identifier MAY be a sequence number or
alphanumeric with readability, such as product
name.
device_model device's model name in ASCII characters. It
is a product model name provided by the
manufacturer.
device_category device's category name in ASCII characters,
such as TV, refrigerator, air conditioner,
smartphone, tablet, light, and meter.
mic_loc device's micro-location, such as refrigerator.
mac_loc device's macro-location, such as kitchen.
domain_name DNS domain name that is encoded according to
the specification of "Representation and use
of domain name" of RFC 3315.
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7. Security Considerations
This document shares all the security issues of the NI protocol that
are specified in the "Security Considerations" section of [RFC4620].
8. Acknowledgements
This work was partly supported by the ICT R&D program of MSIP/IITP
[10041244, SmartTV 2.0 Software Platform] and ETRI.
9. References
9.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC4861] Narten, T., Nordmark, E., Simpson, W., and H.
Soliman, "Neighbor Discovery for IP Version 6
(IPv6)", RFC 4861, September 2007.
[RFC4862] Thomson, S., Narten, T., and T. Jinmei, "IPv6
Stateless Address Autoconfiguration", RFC 4862,
September 2007.
[RFC6106] Jeong, J., Park, S., Beloeil, L., and S. Madanapalli,
"IPv6 Router Advertisement Options for DNS
Configuration", RFC 6106, November 2010.
[RFC3315] Droms, R., Ed., "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
for IPv6 (DHCPv6)", RFC 3315, July 2003.
[RFC3736] Droms, R., "Stateless Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol (DHCP) Service for IPv6", RFC 3736,
April 2004.
[RFC3646] Droms, R., Ed., "DNS Configuration options for
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6
(DHCPv6)", RFC 3646, December 2003.
9.2. Informative References
[RFC4620] Crawford, M. and B. Haberman, Ed., "IPv6 Node
Information Queries", RFC 4620, August 2006.
[RFC3810] Vida, R. and L. Costa, "Multicast Listener Discovery
Version 2 (MLDv2) for IPv6", RFC 3810, June 2004.
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[RFC2136] Vixie, P., Ed., Thomson, S., Rekhter, Y., and J.
Bound, "Dynamic Updates in the Domain Name System
(DNS UPDATE)", RFC 2136, April 1997.
[IEEE-802.11] IEEE Std 802.11, "Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access
Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)
Specifications", March 2012.
[IEEE-802.11a] IEEE Std 802.11a, "Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium
Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)
specifications: High-speed Physical Layer in the 5
GHZ Band", September 1999.
[IEEE-802.11b] IEEE Std 802.11b, "Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium
Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)
specifications: Higher-Speed Physical Layer Extension
in the 2.4 GHz Band", September 1999.
[IEEE-802.11g] IEEE P802.11g/D8.2, "Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium
Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)
specifications: Further Higher Data Rate Extension in
the 2.4 GHz Band", April 2003.
[IEEE-802.11n] IEEE P802.11n/D9.0, "Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium
Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)
specifications Amendment 5: Enhancements for Higher
Throughput", March 2009.
Authors' Addresses
Jaehoon Paul Jeong
Sungkyunkwan University
2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu
Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 440-746
Republic of Korea
Phone: +82 31 299 4957
Fax: +82 31 290 5119
EMail: pauljeong@skku.edu
URI: http://cpslab.skku.edu/people-jaehoon-jeong.php
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Jung-Soo Park
Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute
218 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu
Daejeon, 305-700
Republic of Korea
Phone: +82 42 860 6514
EMail: pjs@etri.re.kr
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