I2NSF Working Group J. Jeong
Internet-Draft P. Lingga
Intended status: Informational Sungkyunkwan University
Expires: 25 August 2022 J. Park
ETRI
21 February 2022
An Extension of I2NSF Framework for Security Management Automation in
Cloud-Based Security Services
draft-jeong-i2nsf-security-management-automation-03
Abstract
This document describes an extension of the framework of Interface to
Network Security Functions (I2NSF) for Security Management Automation
(SMA) in cloud-based security services. The security management
automation in this document deals with a security polity translation
and a feedback-based security service enforcement. To support these
two features in SMA, this document specifies an augmented
architecture of the I2NSF framework with a new system component and a
new interface.
Status of This Memo
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This Internet-Draft will expire on 25 August 2022.
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Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
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Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. I2NSF Framework for Security Management Automation . . . . . 4
3.1. Components with I2NSF Framework for Security Management
Automation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2. Interfaces with SMA-Based I2NSF Framework . . . . . . . . 5
4. Inter-Interface Automatic Policy Mapping . . . . . . . . . . 6
5. Security Audit System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Appendix A. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Appendix B. Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Appendix C. Changes from
draft-jeong-i2nsf-security-management-automation-02 . . . 14
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1. Introduction
Interface to Network Security Functions (I2NSF) defines a framework
and interfaces for interacting with Network Security Functions (NSFs)
[RFC8192][RFC8329]. Note that an NSF is defined as software that
provides a set of security-related services, such as (i) detecting
unwanted activity, (ii) blocking or mitigating the effect of such
unwanted activity in order to fulfill service requirements, and (iii)
supporting communication stream integrity and confidentiality
[RFC8329]. The NSF can be implemented as a Virtual Network Function
(VNF) in a Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) environment
[ETSI-NFV][I-D.ietf-i2nsf-applicability].
This document describes an extension of the framework of Interface to
Network Security Functions (I2NSF) for Security Management Automation
(SMA) in cloud-based security services. The security management
automation includes a security polity translation and a feedback-
based security service enforcement. This document specifies an
augmented architecture of the I2NSF framework for the SMA services
with a new system component and a new interface.
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For reliable management for networked security services, this
document proposes a network management and verification facility
using a decentralized audit system (e.g., blockchain [Bitcoin]).
This audit system can facilitate the non-repudiation of configuration
commands and monitoring data generated in the I2NSF framework.
Therefore, with the security service automation, this document
facilitates the foundation of Intent-Based Networking (IBN) for
intelligent security services
[I-D.irtf-nmrg-ibn-concepts-definitions].
2. Terminology
This document uses the terminology described in [RFC8329] and
[I-D.ietf-i2nsf-applicability]. In addition, the following terms are
defined below:
* Security Management Automation (SMA): It means that a high-level
security policy from a user (or administrator) is well-enforced in
a target I2NSF system. The high-level security policy can be
translated into the corresponding low-level security policy by a
security policy translator and dispatched to appropriate NSFs.
Through the monitoring of the NSFs, the activity and performace of
the NSFs is monitored and analyzed. If needed, the security rules
of the low-level security policy are augmented or new security
rules are generated and configured to appropriate NSFs.
* Security Policy Translation (SPT): It means that a high-level
security policy is translated to a low-level security policy that
can be understood and configured by an NSF for a specific security
service, such as firewall, web filter, deep packet inspection,
DDoS-attack mitigation, and anti-virus.
* Feedback-Based Security Management (FSM): It means that a security
service is evolved by updating a security policy (having security
rules) and adding new security rules for detected security attacks
by processing and analzing the monitoring data of NSFs.
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+------------+
| I2NSF User |
+------------+
^
| Consumer-Facing Interface
v
+-------------------+ Registration +-----------------------+
|Security Controller|<-------------------->|Developer's Mgmt System|
+-------------------+ Interface +-----------------------+
^ ^
| |
| | Application Interface +-----------------------+
| +------------------------>| I2NSF Analyzer |
| +-----------------------+
| NSF-Facing Interface ^ ^ ^
| | | |
| | | |
| +------------------------------+ | |
| | +-----------------------+ |
| | | Monitoring Interface |
v v v v
+----------------+ +---------------+ +-----------------------+
| NSF-1 |-| NSF-2 |...| NSF-n |
| (Firewall) | | (Web Filter) | |(DDoS-Attack Mitigator)|
+----------------+ +---------------+ +-----------------------+
Figure 1: I2NSF Framework for Security Management Automation
3. I2NSF Framework for Security Management Automation
This section summarizes the I2NSF framework as defined in [RFC8329].
As shown in Figure 1, an I2NSF User can use security functions by
delivering high-level security policies, which specify security
requirements that the I2NSF user wants to enforce, to the Security
Controller via the Consumer-Facing Interface (CFI)
[I-D.ietf-i2nsf-consumer-facing-interface-dm].
3.1. Components with I2NSF Framework for Security Management Automation
The following are the system components for the SMA-based I2NSF
framework.
* I2NSF User: An entity that delivers a high-level security policy
to Security Controller.
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* Security Controller: An entity that controls and manages other
system components in the I2NSF framework. It translates a high-
level security policy into the corresponding low-level security
policy and selects appropriate NSFs to execute the security rules
of the low-level security policy.
* Developer's Management System (DMS): An entity that provides an
image of of a virtualized NSF for a security service to the I2NSF
framework, and registers the capability and access information of
an NSF with Security Controller.
* Network Security Function (NSF): An entity that is a Virtual
Network Function (VNF) for a specific network security service
such as firewall, web filter, deep packet inspection, DDoS-attack
mitigation, and anti-virus.
* I2NSF Analyzer: An entity that collects monitoring data from NSFs
and analyzes such data for checking the activity and performance
of the NSFs using machine learning techniques (e.g., Deep Learning
[Deep-Learning]). If there is a suspicious attack activity for
the target network or NSF, I2NSF Analyzer delivers a report of the
augmentation or generation of security rules to Security
Controller.
For SMA-based security services with Feedback-Based Security
Management (FSM), I2NSF Analyzer as a new I2NSF component is required
for the legacy I2NSF framework [RFC8329] to collect monitoring data
of NSFs and analyzing them. The actual implementation of monitoring
data analysis is out of the scope of this document.
3.2. Interfaces with SMA-Based I2NSF Framework
The following are the interfaces for the SMA-based I2NSF framework.
Note that the interfaces are modeled with YANG [RFC6020] and security
policies are delivered through either RESTCONF [RFC8040] or NETCONF
[RFC6241].
* Consumer-Facing Interface: An interface between I2NSF User and
Security Controller for the delivery of a high-level security
policy [I-D.ietf-i2nsf-consumer-facing-interface-dm].
* NSF-Facing Interface: An interface between Security Controller and
an NSF for the delivery of a low-level security policy
[I-D.ietf-i2nsf-nsf-facing-interface-dm].
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* Registration Interface: An interface between a DMS and Security
Controller for the registration of an NSF's capability and access
information with the Security Controller or the query of an NSF
for a required low-level security policy
[I-D.ietf-i2nsf-registration-interface-dm].
* Monitoring Interface: An interface between an NSF and I2NSF
Analyzer for collecting monitoring data from an NSF to check the
activity and performance of an NSF for a possible malicious
traffic [I-D.ietf-i2nsf-nsf-monitoring-data-model].
* Application Interface: An interface between I2NSF Analyzer and
Security Controller for the delivery of a report of the
augmentation or generation of security rules to Security
Controller, which lets Security Controller apply the report for
security rules to its security policy management.
For SMA-based security services with FSM, Application Interface as a
new I2NSF interface is required for the legacy I2NSF framework
[RFC8329] to deliver a report of the augmentation or generation of
security rules to Security Controller on the basis of the analyzed
monitoring data of NSFs.
4. Inter-Interface Automatic Policy Mapping
To facilitate Security Policy Translation (SPT), Security Controller
needs to have a security policy translator that performs the
translation of a high-level security policy into the corresponding
low-level security policy. For the automatic SPT services, the I2NSF
framework needs to bridge a high-level YANG data model and a low-
level YANG data model in an automatic manner [I-D.ietf-i2nsf-applicab
ility][I-D.yang-i2nsf-security-policy-translation]. Note that a
high-level YANG data model is for the I2NSF Consumer-Facing Interface
[I-D.ietf-i2nsf-consumer-facing-interface-dm], and a low-level YANG
data model is for the I2NSF NSF-Facing Interface
[I-D.ietf-i2nsf-nsf-facing-interface-dm].
Figure 2 shows automatic mapping of high-level and low-level data
models. Automatic Data Model Mapper takes a high-level YANG data
module for the Consumer-Facing Inteface and a low-level YANG data
module for the NSF-Facing Interface. It then constructs a mapping
table associating the data attributes (or variables) of the high-
level YANG data module with the corresponding data attributes (or
variables) of the low-level YANG data module. Also, it generates a
set of production rules of the grammar for the construction of an XML
file of low-level security policy rules.
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Figure 3 shows high-to-low security policy translation. A security
policy translator is a component of Security Controller. The
translator consists of three components such as Policy Data
Extractor, Policy Attribute Mapper, and Policy Constructor.
High-level YANG Data Module Low-level YANG Data Model
| |
V V
+---------+------------------------------+---------+
| Automatic Data Model Mapper |
+------------------------+-------------------------+
|
V
Data Model Mapping Table
Figure 2: Automatic Mapping of High-level and Low-level Data Models
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+--------------------------------------------------+
| |
| I2NSF User |
| |
+------------------------+-------------------------+
| Consumer-Facing Interface
|
High-level Security Policy
Security |
Controller V
+------------------------+-------------------------+
| Security Policy | |
| Translator V |
| +---------------------+----------------------+ |
| | | |
| | +-------------------------+ | |
| | | Policy Data Extractor | | |
| | +-------------------------+ | |
| | | |
| | +-------------------------+ | |
| | | Policy Attribute Mapper | | |
| | +-------------------------+ | |
| | | |
| | +-------------------------+ | |
| | | Policy Constructor | | |
| | +-------------------------+ | |
| | | |
| +---------------------+----------------------+ |
| | |
| V |
+------------------------+-------------------------+
| NSF-Facing Interface
|
Low-level Security Policy
|
V
+------------------------+-------------------------+
| |
| NSF(s) |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------+
Figure 3: High-to-Low Security Policy Translation
Policy Data Extractor extracts attributes related to a security
policy from a high-level security policy XML file that is delivered
from an I2NSF User to a Security Controller
[I-D.ietf-i2nsf-consumer-facing-interface-dm].
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Policy Attribute Mapper maps the attributes and their values of a
high-level security policy to the corresponding attributes and their
values of a low-level security policy. Note that the values of a
high-level security policy may involve a human language and must be
converted to an appropriate value for a low-level security policy
(e.g., employees -> 192.0.1.0/24).
Policy Constructor constructs a low-level security policy XML file
that is delivered from the Security Controller to an appropriate NSF
[I-D.ietf-i2nsf-nsf-facing-interface-dm].
5. Security Audit System
The I2NSF framework is weak to both an inside attack and a supply
chain attack since it trusts in NSFs provided by Developer's
Management System (DMS) and assumes that NSFs work for their security
services appropriately. [I-D.ietf-i2nsf-applicability].
To detect the malicious activity of either an insider attacker with
its DMS or a supply chain attacker with its compromised DMS, a
security audit system is required for the I2NSF framework. For this
audit service in the I2NSF framework, a decentralized security audit
system (e.g., blockchain [Bitcoin]) is required. This audit system
can facilitate the non-repudiation of configuration commands and
monitoring data generated in the I2NSF framework.
A security audit system has four main objectives such as follows:
* To check the existence of a security policy, a management system
and its procedures;
* To identify and understand the existing vulnerabilities and risks
of a supply chain attacker;
* To review existing security controls on operational,
administrative and managerial issues;
* To provide recommendations and corrective actions for further
improvement.
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+-----------------------------+ +----------------+
| I2NSF User | |Developer's Mgmt|
| +------------+ | System |
+--------------+--------------+ | +--------+-------+
| Consumer-Facing Interface | |
| | |
High-level Security Policy | |
| | |
| | |
V | V
+--------------+--------------+ | +---------+--------+
| | V | Security |
| Security Controller +------------+---->| Audit |
| | ^ | System |
+--------------+--------------+ | |(e.g., Blockchain)|
| NSF-Facing Interface | +---------+--------+
| | ^
Low-level Security Policy | |
| | |
V | |
+--------------+--------------+ | +--------+-------+
| NSF(s) | | | I2NSF Analyzer |
| +------------+ | |
+-----------------------------+ +----------------+
Figure 4: Activity Auditing with Security Audit System
Figure 4 shows activity auditing with a security audit system in the
I2NSF framework. All the components in the I2NSF framwork report its
activities (such as configuration commands and monitoring data) to
Security Audit System (e.g., Blockchain) as transactions. The
security audit system can analyze the reported activities from the
I2NSF components to detect malicious activities such as supply chain
attack.
In order to determine a minimum set of controls required to reduce
the risks from a supply chain attacker, the security audit system
should analyze the activities of all the components in the I2NSF
framework periodically, evaluate possible risks, and take an action
to such risks since vulnerabilities and threats may change in
different environments over time.
6. Security Considerations
The same security considerations for the I2NSF framework [RFC8329]
are applicable to this document.
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The development and introduction of I2NSF Analyzer in the I2NSF
Framework will create new security concerns that have to be
anticipated at the design and specification time. The usage of
machine learning to analyze the data add a risk of its model to be
attacked (e.g., adversarial attack) and can result in a bad security
policy being deployed.
7. IANA Considerations
This document does not require any IANA actions.
8. References
8.1. Normative References
[RFC8192] Hares, S., Lopez, D., Zarny, M., Jacquenet, C., Kumar, R.,
and J. Jeong, "Interface to Network Security Functions
(I2NSF): Problem Statement and Use Cases", RFC 8192,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8192, July 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8192>.
[RFC8329] Lopez, D., Lopez, E., Dunbar, L., Strassner, J., and R.
Kumar, "Framework for Interface to Network Security
Functions", RFC 8329, DOI 10.17487/RFC8329, February 2018,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8329>.
[RFC6020] Bjorklund, M., Ed., "YANG - A Data Modeling Language for
the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)", RFC 6020,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6020, October 2010,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6020>.
[RFC8040] Bierman, A., Bjorklund, M., and K. Watsen, "RESTCONF
Protocol", RFC 8040, DOI 10.17487/RFC8040, January 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8040>.
[RFC6241] Enns, R., Ed., Bjorklund, M., Ed., Schoenwaelder, J., Ed.,
and A. Bierman, Ed., "Network Configuration Protocol
(NETCONF)", RFC 6241, DOI 10.17487/RFC6241, June 2011,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6241>.
[I-D.ietf-i2nsf-consumer-facing-interface-dm]
Jeong, J. (., Chung, C., Ahn, T., Kumar, R., and S. Hares,
"I2NSF Consumer-Facing Interface YANG Data Model", Work in
Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-i2nsf-consumer-
facing-interface-dm-16, 28 January 2022,
<https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-i2nsf-
consumer-facing-interface-dm-16.txt>.
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[I-D.ietf-i2nsf-nsf-facing-interface-dm]
Kim, J. (., Jeong, J. (., Park, J., Hares, S., and Q. Lin,
"I2NSF Network Security Function-Facing Interface YANG
Data Model", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-
i2nsf-nsf-facing-interface-dm-20, 31 January 2022,
<https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-i2nsf-nsf-
facing-interface-dm-20.txt>.
[I-D.ietf-i2nsf-registration-interface-dm]
Hyun, S., Jeong, J. (., Roh, T., Wi, S., and J. Park,
"I2NSF Registration Interface YANG Data Model", Work in
Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-i2nsf-registration-
interface-dm-14, 28 January 2022,
<https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-i2nsf-
registration-interface-dm-14.txt>.
[I-D.ietf-i2nsf-nsf-monitoring-data-model]
Jeong, J. (., Lingga, P., Hares, S., Xia, L. (., and H.
Birkholz, "I2NSF NSF Monitoring Interface YANG Data
Model", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-
i2nsf-nsf-monitoring-data-model-14, 28 January 2022,
<https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-i2nsf-nsf-
monitoring-data-model-14.txt>.
8.2. Informative References
[I-D.ietf-i2nsf-applicability]
Jeong, J. P., Hyun, S., Ahn, T., Hares, S., and D. R.
Lopez, "Applicability of Interfaces to Network Security
Functions to Network-Based Security Services", Work in
Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-i2nsf-applicability-
18, 16 September 2019, <https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/
draft-ietf-i2nsf-applicability-18.txt>.
[I-D.irtf-nmrg-ibn-concepts-definitions]
Clemm, A., Ciavaglia, L., Granville, L. Z., and J.
Tantsura, "Intent-Based Networking - Concepts and
Definitions", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-
irtf-nmrg-ibn-concepts-definitions-06, 15 December 2021,
<https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-irtf-nmrg-ibn-
concepts-definitions-06.txt>.
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[I-D.yang-i2nsf-security-policy-translation]
Jeong, J. (., Lingga, P., Yang, J., and C. Chung,
"Security Policy Translation in Interface to Network
Security Functions", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft,
draft-yang-i2nsf-security-policy-translation-10, 21
February 2022, <https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-
yang-i2nsf-security-policy-translation-10.txt>.
[ETSI-NFV] "Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV); Architectural
Framework", Available:
https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_gs/
nfv/001_099/002/01.01.01_60/gs_nfv002v010101p.pdf, October
2013.
[Bitcoin] Nakamoto, S., "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash
System", URL: https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf, May 2009.
[Deep-Learning]
Goodfellow, I., Bengio, Y., and A. Courville, "Deep
Learning", Publisher: The MIT Press,
URL: https://www.deeplearningbook.org/, November 2016.
Appendix A. Acknowledgments
This work was supported in part by Institute of Information &
Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation (IITP) grant funded
by the Korea Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) (2020-0-00395,
Standard Development of Blockchain based Network Management
Automation Technology). This work was supported by the IITP grant
funded by the Korea MSIT (R-20160222-002755, Cloud based Security
Intelligence Technology Development for the Customized Security
Service Provisioning).
Appendix B. Contributors
This document is made by the group effort of I2NSF working group.
Many people actively contributed to this document, such as Linda
Dunbar, Yoav Nir, and Qin Wu. The authors sincerely appreciate their
contributions.
The following are co-authors of this document:
Yunchul Choi Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute
218 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu Daejeon, 34129 Republic of Korea EMail:
cyc79@etri.re.kr
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Younghan Kim School of Electronic Engineering Soongsil University
369, Sangdo-ro, Dongjak-gu Seoul 06978 Republic of Korea EMail:
younghak@ssu.ac.kr
Appendix C. Changes from draft-jeong-i2nsf-security-management-
automation-02
The following changes are made from draft-jeong-i2nsf-security-
management-automation-02:
* This version is updated to fix the typos and clarify the text
explaining Policy Attribute Mapper.
* Add a new Security Consideration for machine learning usage to
produce a security policy.
Authors' Addresses
Jaehoon (Paul) Jeong
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Sungkyunkwan University
2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu
Suwon
Gyeonggi-Do
16419
Republic of Korea
Phone: +82 31 299 4957
Email: pauljeong@skku.edu
URI: http://iotlab.skku.edu/people-jaehoon-jeong.php
Patrick Lingga
Department of Electronic, Electrical and Computer Engineering
Sungkyunkwan University
2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu
Suwon
Gyeonggi-Do
16419
Republic of Korea
Phone: +82 31 299 4957
Email: patricklink@skku.edu
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Jung-Soo Park
Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute
218 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu
Daejeon
305-700
Republic of Korea
Phone: +82 42 860 6514
Email: pjs@etri.re.kr
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