Network Working Group Y. Kamite
Internet-Draft NTT Communications
Intended status: Informational F. Jounay
Expires: January 5, 2009 France Telecom
July 4, 2008
Framework and Requirements for Virtual Private Multicast Service (VPMS)
draft-kamite-l2vpn-vpms-frmwk-requirements-00.txt
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Abstract
This document provides a framework and service level requirements for
Virtual Private Multicast Service (VPMS). VPMS is defined as a Layer
2 VPN service that provides point-to-multipoint connectivity for a
variety of Layer 2 link layers across an IP or MPLS-enabled PSN.
This document outlines architectural service models of VPMS and
states generic and high level requirements. This is intended to aid
in developing protocols and mechanisms to support VPMS.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1. Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2. Scope of This Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Conventions used in this document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.1. Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4. Use Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4.1. Ethernet Use Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.2. ATM-based Use Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.3. TDM-based Use Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5. Reference Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6. Customer Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6.1. Service Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6.1.1. Point-to-Multipoint Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6.1.2. Multiple Source Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6.1.3. Reverse Traffic Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6.2. Transparency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
6.3. Quality of Service (QoS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
6.4. Protection and Restoration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
6.5. Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
6.6. Reordering Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
6.7. Failure reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
7. Service Provider Network Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
7.1. Scalability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
7.2. Pseudo Wire Signaling and PSN Tunneling . . . . . . . . . 15
7.3. Discovering VPMS Related Information . . . . . . . . . . . 16
7.4. Activation and Deactivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
7.5. Inter-AS support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
7.6. Operation, Administration and Maintenance . . . . . . . . 18
7.7. Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
9. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
10. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
11. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
11.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
11.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 21
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1. Introduction
1.1. Problem Statement
[RFC4664] describes different types of Provider Provisioned Layer 2
VPNs (L2 PPVPNs, or L2VPNs); Some of them are widely deployed today,
such as Virtual Private Wire Service (VPWS) and Virtual Private LAN
Service (VPLS). A VPWS is a VPN service that supplies a Layer 2
point-to-point service. A VPLS is an L2 service that emulates
Ethernet LAN service across a Wide Area Network (WAN).
For some use cases described hereafter, there are P2MP (point-to-
multipoint) type services for Layer 2 traffic. However, there is no
straightforward way to realize it based on the existing L2VPN.
In a VPWS, a SP can set up point-to-point connectivity per a pair of
CEs but it is impossible to replicate traffic for point-to-multipoint
in SP's network side. Even though a SP builds multiple PWs
independently and make CEs to replicate traffic over them, it is
considered an inconvenient way for the customer and a waste of
bandwidth resources.
In a VPLS, SPs can naturally offer multipoint connectivity across
backbone. Although it is seemingly applicable for point-to-
multipoint service as well, there remains extra work for SPs to
filter unnecessary traffic between irrelevant sites (i.e., from a
receiver PE to another receiver PE) because VPLS provides full-mesh
multipoint-to-multipoint connectivity between CEs. Moreover, VPLS's
MAC-based learning/forwarding operation is considered unnecessary for
some scenarios particularly if customers just want to have simple
unidirectional point-to-multipoint service, or if they require non-
Ethernet Layer 2 connectivity.
Consequently, There is a real need for a solution that natively
provides point-to-multipoint service in L2VPN.
1.2. Scope of This Document
VPMS is defined as a Layer 2 service that provides point-to-
multipoint connectivity for a variety of Layer2 link layers across an
IP or MPLS-enabled PSN. VPMS is categorized as a kind of provider-
provisioned Layer 2 Virtual Private Networks (L2VPN).
This document provides service definition and reference model, as
well as functional requirements for VPMS. It is intended to show a
proper reference to introduce VPMS and a checklist of requirements
that will provide a consistent way to evaluate how well each solution
satisfies the requirements.
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This document introduces new service framework and requirements for
VPMS within the context of L2VPN, on top of the existing framework
[RFC4664] and requirements [RFC4665].
The technical specifications are outside the scope of this document.
There is no intent to specify solution-specific details.
This document provides requirements from both the Provider's and the
Customer's point of view.
2. Conventions used in this document
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119] .
3. Terminology
The content of this document makes use of the terminology defined in
[RFC4026]. For readability purposes, we list some of the terms here
in addition to some specific terms used in this document.
3.1. Acronyms
P2P: Point-to-Point
P2MP: Point-to-Multipoint
PW: Pseudowire
VPMS: Virtual Private Multicast Service
PE/CE: Provider/Customer Edge
P: Provider Router
AC: Attachment Circuit
PSN: Packet Switched Network
SP: Service Provider
4. Use Cases
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4.1. Ethernet Use Case
For multicast traffic delivery, there is a requirement to deliver a
unidirectional P2MP service in addition to the existing P2P service.
The demand is growing to provide private service which supports
Ethernet traffic duplication, for various applications such as IP-TV
broadcasting, contents delivery network, etc. Moreover, many digital
audio/video devices (e.g., MPEG-TS, HD-SDI) that supports Ethernet
interfaces are getting available these days, which will make Ethernet
P2MP service more common. Also there are some applications that
would prefer static transport of VPMS. For example, MPEG-TS/IP/
Ethernet in DVB-H is typically static broadcast without any signaling
in the upstream direction. VPMS could be a possible solution to
provide these kinds of networking connectivity over PSN backbone.
Currently VPLS [RFC4761][RFC4762] is able to give P2MP-type
replication for Ethernet traffic. Native VPLS already supports this
capability with full mesh of PWs, and the extension to optimize
replication is also proposed [I-D.ietf-l2vpn-vpls-mcast] as an
additional feature; however, VPLS by nature requires MAC-based
learning and forwarding, which might not be needed in some cases by
particular users. Generally, video distribution applications require
a unidirectional P2MP traffic, but may not always require any added
expenses of MAC address management. In addition, VPLS is a service
that essentially provides any-to-any connectivity between all CEs in
a VPN as it emulates a LAN service; however, if you want just P2MP
connectivity, the traffic between different receivers is not always
needed, and traffic from receiver to sender is not always needed,
either. In contrast, VPMS is a service that provides much simpler
operation.
Note that VPMS provides single coverage of receiver membership; that
is, there is no distinct differentiation about multiple multicast
groups. Every traffic from a particular Attachment Circuit (AC) will
flow toward the same remote receivers, even if the destination MAC
address is changed. Basically in VPMS, destination MAC addresses is
not used for forwarding, which is significantly different from VPLS.
If MAC-based forwarding is preferred (i.e., multicast/unicast
differentiation of MAC address), VPLS should be chosen rather than
VPMS.
4.2. ATM-based Use Case
A use case of ATM-based service in VPMS could be to offer the
capability for service providers to support IP multicast wholesale
services over ATM in case the wholesale customer relies on ATM
infrastructure. The P2MP support alleviates the constraint in terms
of replication for ATM to support IP multicast services.
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Another use case of VPMS for ATM is for audio/video stream
applications. Today many digital TV broadcasting networks adopt ATM-
based distribution system with point-to-multipoint PVP/PVCs. Their
transport network supports replicating ATM cells in transit nodes to
efficently deliver programs to multiple terminals. For migrating
such ATM-based network onto IP/MPLS-based network, VPMS will be
considered a candidate solution.
4.3. TDM-based Use Case
Today the existing VPWS already supports TDM emulation services
(SAToP, CESoPSN or TDMoIP). It is a Layer 1 service, not Layer 2
service; however, a common architecture is being used since they are
all packet-based emulations by SP's network. VPMS will also be
considered as a solution for such TDM applications that require
point-to-multipoint topology.
In a PSN environment, the existing VPWS allows supporting 2G/3G
mobile backhauling (e.g. TDM traffic for GSM's Abis interface, ATM
traffic for Release 99 UMTS's Iub interface). At the time being, the
Mobile backhauling architecture is always built as a star topology
between the 2G/3G controller (e.g. BSC or RNC) and the 2G/3G Base
Stations (BTS or NodeB). Therefore VPWSes (P2P service) are used
between each Base Station and their corresponding controller and
nothing more is required.
As far as synchronization in a PSN environment is concerned,
different mechanisms can be considered to provide frequency and phase
clock required in the 2G/3G Mobile environment to guarantee mobile
handover and strict QoS. One of them consists in using Adaptive
Clock Distribution and Recovery. With this method a Master element
distributes a reference clock at protocol level by regularly sending
TDM PW packets (SAToP, CESoPSN or TDMoIP) to Slave elements. This
process is based on the fact that the volume of transmitted data
arrival is considered as an indication of the source frequency that
could be used by the Slave element to recover the source clock
frequency. Consequently, with the current methods, the PE connected
to the Master must setup and maintain as many VPWS (P2P) as we have
Slave elements, and the Master has to replicate the traffic. A
better solution to deliver the clock frequency would be to use a VPMS
which supports P2MP traffic. This may scale much more than P2P
services (VPWS) with regards to the forwarding plane at the Master
since the traffic is no more replicated to individual VPWSes (P2P)
but only to the AC associated to the VPMS (P2MP). It may ease the
provisioning process since only one source endpoint must be
configured at the Ingress PE. This alleviated provisioning process
would be particularly appreciated for the introduction of new Base
Stations. The main gain would be to avoid replication on the Master
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and hence save bandwidth consumed by the synchronization traffic
which typically requires the highest level of QoS. This kind of
traffic will be competing with equivalent QOS traffic like VoIP, that
is why it is significant to save the slightest bandwidth.
5. Reference Model
The VPMS reference model is shown in Figure 1.
+-----+ AC1 AC2 +-----+
| CE1 |>---+ ------------------------ +--->| CE2 |
+-----+ | | | | +-----+
VPMS A | +------+ VPMS A +------+ | VPMS A
Sender +->|......>...+.......... >......|>-+ Receiver
| VPMS | . | VPMS |
| PE1 | . VPMS B | PE2 |
+-<|......<.. . ....+.....<......|<-+
| +------+ . . +------+ |
+-----+ | | . . | | +-----+
| CE4 |<---+ |Routed . . | +---| CE3 |
+-----+ AC4 |Backbone. . | AC3 +-----+
VPMS B | . . | VPMS B
Receiver | +-v-----v-+ | Sender
------| . . |-------
| . VPMS. |
| . PE3 . |
+---------+
v v
| |
AC5| |AC6
v v
+-----+ +-----+
| CE5 | | CE6 |
+-----+ +-----+
VPMS A VPMS B
Receiver Receiver
Figure 1: Reference Model for VPMS
A single VPMS unit provides isolated service reachability domains to
each customer. This unit is called a VPMS instance. One VPMS
instance corresponds to a unique unidirectional point-to-multipoint
reachability. In Figure 1, there are two VPMS instances shown, VPMS
A and VPMS B. In principle, there are no traffic exchange allowed
between these different instances.
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In a VPMS, a single CE-PE connection is used for transmitting frames
to deliver multiple remote CEs, with point-to-multipoint duplication.
SP's network (PE as well as P) has a role to duplicate frames so that
source side does not need to send multiple frames to individual
directions.
In a VPMS, there are two types of CE. One is sender, and the other
is receiver. A sender CE can send out traffic as a source into a
VPMS instance. A receiver CE can receive traffic from a sender site,
but cannot receive from other receiver CEs. A sender CE itself does
not have capability of receiving traffic.
Like VPWS, an Attachment Circuit (AC) is provided to accommodate CEs
in a VPMS. In a VPMS, an AC attached to VPMS MUST be configured as
"sender" or "receiver" not both. That is, any AC is associated with
the role of either sending side (Tx) or receiving side (Rx) from the
view of CE. Thus every AC deals with unidirectional traffic flow.
In Figure 1, AC1 and AC3 are configured as sending sides while AC2,
AC4, AC5 and AC6 are as receiving sides. CE1 could send traffic to
VPMS A via AC1, but it could also receive traffic from VPMS B if
another AC is connected to CE1.
Basically there is one-to-one mapping between an attachment circuit
and each customer's P2MP topology. A unique VPMS instance
corresponds to each topology. For example, every traffic from CE1 to
PE1 (thorough AC1) is mapped to VPMS A's topology (to CE2 and CE5).
In the context of VPMS, one "VPN" as a specific set of sites that
have been configured to allow communication, can be composed by one
or more sets of VPMS instances. By customer's administrative
policies, sender and receiver CEs might be overlapped by multiple
VPMS instances (for details, see Section 6.1. as an example). A VPN
will be finally defined by those VPMS instance sets. In short, VPMS
is defined just as a common point-to-multipoint (P2MP) delivery
topology, and customer's administrative policy will determine the
real VPN domain in the broad sense by picking up one or more VPMS
instances.
In a VPMS, PEs will be connected using PW technology which may
include P2MP traffic optimization. Such expected technique will
benefit from the traffic replication for high bandwidth efficiency.
Sender CE has only to transmit one stream toward PE, not duplicated
traffic. The backbone side is a IP or MPLS-enabled routed PSN.
VPMS is to support various Layer 2 protocol services such as
Ethernet, ATM, etc.
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6. Customer Requirements
6.1. Service Topology
6.1.1. Point-to-Multipoint Support
A solution MUST support unidirectional point-to-multipoint
connectivity from a sender to multiple receivers. A sender CE is
assured to send traffic to one or more receiver CEs. Receiver CEs
include not only the CEs which are located at remote sites, but also
the local CEs which are connected to the same sender-side PE. If
there is only one receiver in the instance, it is considered
equivalent to unidirectional point-to-point traffic.
6.1.2. Multiple Source Support
A solution MUST support multiple sender topology in one VPMS
instance, where a common receiver group is reachable from two or more
senders. This means that a solution needs to support having multiple
P2MP topologies in the backbone whose roots are located apart in a
common service. For example, in Figure 2, traffic from sender CE1
and CE2 both reach receivers CE3 and CE4 while CE1, CE2, CE3 and CE4
all are associated with a single service. This topology is useful
for increasing service reliability by redundant sources. Note that
every receiver has only to have one AC connected to each PE to
receive traffic. (in Figure 2, AC3 and AC4 respectively). Thus a
solution will also need to support protection and restoration
mechanism combining these multiple P2MP topologies. (See section 6.4
too).
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+-----+ AC1 AC2+-----+
| CE1 |>-+ ---------------------------- +-<| CE2 |
+-----+ | | | | +-----+
VPMS A | +------+ +------+ | VPMS A
Sender +->|......>.. .............+..<......|<-+ Sender
Tx | VPMS | . . . | VPMS | Tx
| PE 1 | . . . | PE 2 |
| | . . . | |
+------+ . . . +------+
| . . . |
| +.. . ...... . |
| . . . . |
| . . . . |
| +-v----v-+ +-v----v-+ |
---| . . |---| . . |---
VPMS| . . | | . . |VPMS
PE 3| . | | . |PE 4
+--------+ +--------+
v v
AC3| |AC4
v v
+-----+ +-----+
| CE3 | | CE4 |
+-----+ +-----+
VPMS A VPMS A
Receiver Receiver
Figure 2: Multiple source support
6.1.3. Reverse Traffic Support
There is a case that reverse traffic flow is necessary. A sender CE
might sometimes want to receive traffic from a remote receiver CE.
There are some usage scenarios about them, stream monitoring with a
loopback manner, control channel which needs feedback communication
etc. The simplest way to accomplish this is to provide different
VPMS instances for reverse traffic: a sender CE behaves as a receiver
of another instance.
Figure 3 is illustrating this kind of a reverse traffic scenario,
where CE1 is configured as a sender in VPMS A and a receiver in VPMS
B. VPMS B is used for reverse traffic. Note that a closed single
network here is composed of two VPMS instances. In operational
perspective, CE1 and CE4 belong to the same closed "VPN" (e.g., CE1,
CE2, CE3 and CE4 are the devices in one enterprise's intranet
network) by administrative policy.
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Such two directions' instances can be easily created if two distinct
ACs are provisioned for sending and receiving exclusively (e.g., if
VLAN id in dot1Q tagged frame is a service delimiter, different VLAN
ids are uniquely allocated for Tx and Rx). This approach is
acceptable if a receiver CE device can change Layer 2 interface
appropriately in data transmitting and receiving.
Meanwhile it is also true that this might be considered a limitation
in some deployment scenarios. If a CE is an IP router or Ethernet
bridge, reverse traffic is normally supposed to come back from the
same interface of the receiver CE. (i.e., the same VLAN id is to be
used for reverse traffic if the AC supports dot1Q tagged frame.)
Therefore, in a VPMS solution, both of the two type of ACs, sending
(Tx) and receiving (Rx), SHOULD be allowed to be placed in the same
physical/virtual circuit. In Figure 3, suppose AC5 of VPMS A is
provisioned as {VLAN id = 100, direction= Rx}. It is expected that
operators can provision AC6 of VPMS B in the same physical port as
{VLAN id = 100, direction = Tx} or as {VLAN id = 101, direction =
Tx}. That is, the combination between VLAN id and the flow direction
is now considered to be a service delimiter.
Note, in today's most implementations of VPWS, every AC is always
considered bidirectional and a unique Layer 2 header/circuit (ATM
VPI/VCI, an Ethernet port, a VLAN etc.) is considered service
delimiter. In contrast in VPMS, every AC is considered
unidirectional and traffic direction is an additional element to
identify a unique AC.
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+-----+ <-- Rx VPMS B
+ CE1 +<----------------+
+-----+--------------+ |
VPMS A Sender --> Tx VPMS A| |
VPMS B Receiver AC1 v ^ AC2
+----------+ VPMS
| . . | PE1
| . ... |
-------| . . |--------
| +-v------^-+ |
| . . |
| + . |
+------+ . . . . +------+
+-<|......<.. . .. . ......>..... |>-+
| | VPMS | . . | VPMS | |
AC3| | PE2 | . . | PE3 | |AC4
| +------+ . . +------+ |
+-----+ | | . . | | +-----+
| CE2 |<--+ | Routed . . | +-->| CE3 |
+-----+ <-- | Backbone. . | --> +-----+
VPMS A Rx | +-v------^-+ | Rx VPMS A
Receiver -------| . . |-------- Receiver
| . ... |
| . . | VPMS
+----------+ PE4
AC5v ^AC6
| | <-- Tx VPMS B +-----+
| +----------------<| CE4 |
+------------------->+-----+
--> Rx VPMS A VPMS A Receiver
VPMS B Sender
Figure 3: Reverse traffic support
6.2. Transparency
A solution is intended to provide Layer 2 protocol transparency. A
VPMS solution SHOULD NOT require any special packet processing by the
end users. Note that if VLAN Ids are assigned by the SP, VLAN Ids
are not transparent. Transparency does not apply in ATM or other
similar service cases, either.
6.3. Quality of Service (QoS)
A customer requires that the VPMS service provide the QoS guaranteed.
In particular, for real time application which is considered common
in point-to-multipoint delivery, delay and loss sensitive traffic
MUST be supported. The solution SHOULD provide native QoS technique
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for service class differentiation, such as IEEE 802.1p CoS for
Ethernet.
For bandwidth committed services (e.g., ATM CBR), a solution SHOULD
guarantee end-to-end bandwidth. It MAY provide flow admission
control mechanisms to achieve that.
6.4. Protection and Restoration
A solution MUST provide protection and restoration mechanism for end-
to-end services.
A solution MUST allow dual-homed redundant access from a local CE to
multiple sender PEs. Additionally, a solution SHOULD provide
protection mechanism between different sender PEs. This is because
when an ingress PE node fails whole traffic delivery will fail unless
backup sender PE is provided, even in case of dual-homed access.
Similarly, if an egress PE node fails, traffic toward that CE never
comes unless backup egress PE is provided. Consequently, a solution
SHOULD provide protection mechanism between different receiver PEs
too. Figure 4 is an example for this access topology.
When dual-homed access to sender PEs is provided, a sender CE MAY
transmit just one single traffic to either one of two sender PEs, or
transmit dual traffic to the both PEs simultaneously. The latter
scenario is usually applicable when a source device has only simple
forwarding capability without any switchover functionality. Note
that it consumes more resources at CE-PE than single case. In the
dual traffic case, the backup side of ingress PE SHOULD be able to
filter unnecessary traffic in normal condition. Also in either case,
single traffic or dual traffic, the protection mechanism of ingress
PEs described in the previous paragraph will be necessary to handle
traffic appropriately.
In case of dual-homed access to receiver PEs, a receiver CE MAY
receive single traffic from either one of two sender PEs, or receive
dual traffic from both PEs simultaneously. It might be needed to
support switchover mechanism between egress PEs in failure. Dual
traffic approach is applicable if CE has fast switchover capability
as a receiver, but note that additional traffic resources are always
consumed at PE-CE.
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+-----+
+ CE1 +--------------+
+-----+ \
VPMS A | |
Sender | v AC1
(dual-homed)| +----+
| -----|VPMS|--------
| | | PE1| |
\ | +----+ |
\ AC2 +----+ +----+ AC4
+------>|VPMS| |VPMS|------------+
| PE2| Routed | PE3| \
+----+ Backbone +----+\ |
AC3 / | | \ AC5 v
+-----+ / | | \ +-----+
+ CE2 +<-+ | | \ | CE3 |
+-----+ | +----+ | \ +-----+
VPMS A ----|VPMS|--------- \ VPMS A
Receiver | PE4| | Receiver
+----+ |
| AC6 v
\ +-----+
+--------------->| CE4 |
+-----+
VPMS A
Receiver
(dual-homed)
Figure 4: Dual homing support
6.5. Security
The basic security requirement raised in Section 6.5 of [RFC4665]
also applies to VPMS.
In addition, a VPMS solution MAY have the mechanisms to activate the
appropriate filtering capabilities (for example, MAC/VLAN filtering
etc.), and it MAY be added with the filtering control mechanism
between particular sender/receiver site inside a VPMS instance (for
example, In Figure 1, filtering can be added on such that traffic
from CE1 to CE4 and CE5 is allowed but traffic from CE1 to CE6 is
filtered.)
6.6. Reordering Prevention
A solution SHOULD prevent Layer 2 frame reordering when delivering
customer traffic as much as possible.
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6.7. Failure reporting
A solution MAY provide the information to the customer about
failures. For example, if there is a loss of connectivity toward
either some of receiver CEs, it is reported to a sender CE.
7. Service Provider Network Requirements
7.1. Scalability
A VPMS solution MUST be designed to scale well with an increase in
the number of any of the following metrics:
- the number of PEs (per VPMS instance and total in a SP network)
- the number of VPMS instances (per PE and total)
- the number of sender CEs (per PE, VPMS instance and total)
- the number of receiver CEs (per PE, VPMS instance and total)
A VPMS solution SHALL document its scalability characteristics in
quantitative terms. A solution SHOULD quantify the amount of state
that a PE and a P device has to support.
The scalability characteristics SHOULD include:
- the processing resources required by the control plane in managing
PWs (neighborhood or session maintenance messages, keepalives,
timers, etc.)
- the processing resources required by the control plane in managing
PSN tunnels
- the memory resources needed for the control plane
- other particular elements inherent to each solution that impact
scalability
7.2. Pseudo Wire Signaling and PSN Tunneling
A VPMS solution SHOULD provide an efficient replication that can
contribute to save the bandwidth resource of SP's network. For
supporting optimized replication, it is expected to take advantage of
PW mechanisms that is capable of P2MP traffic. However, the detailed
discussion of this type of PW is out of scope of this document.
Specific requirements for such a PW extension is discussed in
[I-D.jounay-pwe3-p2mp-pw-requirements].
This document does not raise any specific requirements for particular
PSN tunneling scheme (point-to-point, point-to-multipoint and
multipoint-to-multipoint) that is applied only to VPMS. Requirements
for PSN tunnel that is used by P2MP PW is discussed in
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[I-D.jounay-pwe3-p2mp-pw-requirements]. In any case which type of
PSN tunnel is used is dependent on individual deployment scenarios
(e.g., which PSN protocol is available now in the core and how much
network resources operators will want to optimize).
7.3. Discovering VPMS Related Information
A solution SHOULD support auto-discovery methods that dynamically
allow VPMS information to be discovered by the PEs to minimize the
configuration steps.
All of the requirements about discovery described in Section 7.3 of
[RFC4665] SHOULD be satisfied in VPMS as well.
Auto-discovery will help operators' initial configuration of adding a
new VPN (i.e., VPMS instance), adding/deleting new sender/receiver,
and so on.
The information related to remote sites will be as follows:
- Information about identifying VPMS instance
- PE router ID / IP address as location information
- Information about identifying Attachment Circuits and their
associated group information to compose a unique service (i.e.,
VPMS instance).
- CE role in each VPMS (Sender and/or Receiver)
- SP-related information (AS number, etc. for inter-provider case)
(Needs discussion, including showing example scenario.)
7.4. Activation and Deactivation
This section raises generic requirements for handling related
information about remote sites after initial provisioning, for easing
total operation in VPMS.
A solution SHOULD provide a way to activate/deactivate administrative
status of each CE/AC. After initial provisioning, SP might change
connectivity configuration between particular CEs inside a single
VPMS instance for operational reasons. This feature will be
beneficial to help such a scenario.
For example, in Figure 5, CE1, CE2, CE3, CE4 and CE5 (and their ACs)
are initially provisioned for VPMS A. CE1 is a sender and CE2-CE5 are
receivers. Traffic will usually flow from CE1 to all receivers, CE2,
CE3, CE4 and CE5. For maintenance operation, application's request
(e.g., stream program has changed) or some other reasons, suppose CE5
comes to need to be set administratively down. Then it becomes
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necessary to turn off traffic from PE1 to PE4 in the core as well as
egress AC (PE4 to CE5). This operation must be appropriately
distinguished from failure cases.
When deactivating particular site backbone PSN/PW resources (e.g.,
admission control of PSN tunnel) MAY be released for that particular
direction in order to provide bandwidth left to other services. In
Figure 5, if CE3 comes to be administratively deactivated, and if
RSVP-TE (including P2P and/or P2MP) is used for backbone PSN, then TE
reserved resources from PE1 to PE3 is to be released.
In addition, a solution SHOULD allow single-sided activating
operation at a sender PE. In some scenarios, operators prefer
centralized operation. This is often considered natural for one-way
digital audio/video distribution application: SPs often want to
complete their service delivery by a single operation at one source
PE, not by multiple operations at many receiver PEs. Figure 5
illustrates this scenario, where SP has only to do single-sided
operation at PE1 (source) to administratively activate/deactivate
various connections from AC1 to AC3, AC4 and/or AC5. It is not
needed to to operate PE3 and PE4 directly.
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+-----+ AC1
+ CE1 +----------------+
+-----+ |
VPMS A Sender |
(sending now) v
+----+
-----|VPMS|--------
| | PE1| |
| +----+ |
+----+ +----+
|VPMS| |VPMS|
| PE2| Routed | PE3|
+----+ Backbone +----+
AC2 / | | \ AC3
+-----+ / | | \ +-----+
+ CE2 +<-+ | | +->| CE3 |
+-----+ | +----+ | +-----+
(not provisioned) ----|VPMS|--------- VPMS A Receiver
| PE4| (receiving now)
+----+
AC5 / \ AC4
+-----+ / \ +-----+
+ CE5 +<----------+ +---------------->| CE4 |
+-----+ +-----+
VPMS A Receiver VPMS A Receiver
(receiving now) (not receiving)
CE1/AC1: Administratively activated
CE2/AC2: No VPMS provisioned
CE3/AC3: Administratively activated
CE4/AC4: Administratively deactivated
CE5/AC5: Administratively activated
Figure 5: Site activation and deactivation
7.5. Inter-AS support
A solution SHOULD support inter-AS scenario, where there are more
than one provider is providing a common VPMS instance and VPN. More
specifically, it is necessary to consider the case where some of the
PEs that compose one VPMS belong to several different ASes.
7.6. Operation, Administration and Maintenance
TBD (for further study for next revision)
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7.7. Security
TBD (for further study for next revision)
8. Security Considerations
Security consideration will be covered by section 6.5. and section
7.7. (This is for further study for next revision.)
9. IANA Considerations
This document has no actions for IANA.
10. Acknowledgments
Many thanks to Ichiro Fukuda, Kazuhiro Fujihara, Ukyo Yamaguchi and
Kensuke Shindome for valuable reviews and feedbacks.
11. References
11.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC4026] Andersson, L. and T. Madsen, "Provider Provisioned Virtual
Private Network (VPN) Terminology", RFC 4026, March 2005.
11.2. Informative References
[I-D.ietf-l2vpn-vpls-mcast]
Aggarwal, R., Kamite, Y., Fang, L., and Y. Rekhter,
"Multicast in VPLS", draft-ietf-l2vpn-vpls-mcast-03 (work
in progress), November 2007.
[I-D.jounay-pwe3-p2mp-pw-requirements]
JOUNAY, F., "Use Cases and signaling requirements for
Point-to-Multipoint PW",
draft-jounay-pwe3-p2mp-pw-requirements-01 (work in
progress), November 2007.
[RFC4664] Andersson, L. and E. Rosen, "Framework for Layer 2 Virtual
Private Networks (L2VPNs)", RFC 4664, September 2006.
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[RFC4665] Augustyn, W. and Y. Serbest, "Service Requirements for
Layer 2 Provider-Provisioned Virtual Private Networks",
RFC 4665, September 2006.
[RFC4761] Kompella, K. and Y. Rekhter, "Virtual Private LAN Service
(VPLS) Using BGP for Auto-Discovery and Signaling",
RFC 4761, January 2007.
[RFC4762] Lasserre, M. and V. Kompella, "Virtual Private LAN Service
(VPLS) Using Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) Signaling",
RFC 4762, January 2007.
Authors' Addresses
Yuji Kamite
NTT Communications Corporation
Tokyo Opera City Tower
3-20-2 Nishi Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku
Tokyo 163-1421
Japan
Email: y.kamite@ntt.com
Frederic Jounay
France Telecom
2, avenue Pierre-Marzin
22307 Lannion Cedex
France
Email: frederic.jounay@orange-ftgroup.com
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