Network Work group                                              N. Kumar
Internet-Draft                                              C. Pignataro
Intended status: Standards Track                                N. Akiya
Expires: September 6, 2015                           Cisco Systems, Inc.
                                                                L. Zheng
                                                                 M. Chen
                                                     Huawei Technologies
                                                               G. Mirsky
                                                                Ericsson
                                                           March 5, 2015


                          BIER Ping and Trace
                     draft-kumarzheng-bier-ping-00

Abstract

   Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) is an architecture that
   provides optimal multicast forwarding through a "BIER domain" without
   requiring intermediate routers to maintain any multicast related per-
   flow state.  BIER also does not require any explicit tree-building
   protocol for its operation.  A multicast data packet enters a BIER
   domain at a "Bit-Forwarding Ingress Router" (BFIR), and leaves the
   BIER domain at one or more "Bit-Forwarding Egress Routers" (BFERs).
   The BFIR router adds a BIER header to the packet.  The BIER header
   contains a bit-string in which each bit represents exactly one BFER
   to forward the packet to.  The set of BFERs to which the multicast
   packet needs to be forwarded is expressed by setting the bits that
   correspond to those routers in the BIER header.

   This document describes the mechanism and basic BIER OAM packet
   format that can be used to perform failure detection and isolation on
   BIER data plane.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."



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   This Internet-Draft will expire on September 6, 2015.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2015 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   2.  Conventions used in this document . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     2.1.  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     2.2.  Requirements notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   3.  BIER OAM  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     3.1.  BIER OAM message format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     3.2.  Return Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     3.3.  BIER OAM TLV  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
       3.3.1.  Original SI-BitString TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
       3.3.2.  Target SI-BitString TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
       3.3.3.  Incoming SI-BitString TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
       3.3.4.  Downstream Mapping TLV  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
       3.3.5.  Responder BFER TLV  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
       3.3.6.  Responder BFR TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
       3.3.7.  Upstream Interface TLV  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   4.  Procedures  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
     4.1.  BIER OAM processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
     4.2.  Per BFER ECMP Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
     4.3.  Sending BIER Echo Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
     4.4.  Receiving BIER Echo Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
     4.5.  Sending Echo Reply  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
     4.6.  Receiving Echo Reply  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
   5.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
     5.1.  Message Types, Reply Modes, Return Codes  . . . . . . . .  17
     5.2.  TLVs  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
   6.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
   7.  Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
   8.  Contributing Authors  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
   9.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18



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     9.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
     9.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19

1.  Introduction

   [I-D.wijnands-bier-architecture] introduces and explains BIER
   architecture that provides optimal multicast forwarding through a
   "BIER domain" without requiring intermediate routers to maintain any
   multicast related per-flow state.  BIER also does not require any
   explicit tree-building protocol for its operation.  A multicast data
   packet enters a BIER domain at a "Bit-Forwarding Ingress Router"
   (BFIR), and leaves the BIER domain at one or more "Bit-Forwarding
   Egress Routers" (BFERs).  The BFIR router adds a BIER header to the
   packet.  The BIER header contains a bit-string in which each bit
   represents exactly one BFER to forward the packet to.  The set of
   BFERs to which the multicast packet needs to be forwarded is
   expressed by setting the bits that correspond to those routers in the
   BIER header.

   This document describes the mechanism and basic BIER OAM packet
   format that can be used to perform failure detection and isolation on
   BIER data plane without any dependency on other layers like IP layer.

2.  Conventions used in this document

2.1.  Terminology

   BFER - Bit Forwarding Egress Router

   BFIR - Bit Forwarding Ingress Router

   BIER - Bit Index Explicit Replication

   ECMP - Equal Cost Multi-Path

   OAM - Operation, Administration and Maintenance

   SI - Set Identifier

2.2.  Requirements notation

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].






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3.  BIER OAM

   BIER OAM is defined in a way that it stays within BIER layer by
   following directly the BIER header without mandating the need for IP
   header.  [I-D.wijnands-mpls-bier-encapsulation] defines a 4-bit field
   as "Proto" to identify the payload following BIER header.  In order
   to differentiate the BIER data packet from BIER OAM packet, this
   document introduces a new value for the Proto field as:

   Proto:

      PROTO-TBD1: BIER OAM

3.1.  BIER OAM message format

   The BIER OAM packet header format that follows BIER header is as
   follows:


      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |  Ver  | Message Type  | Proto |             Reserved          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     ~                  Message Type Dependent Data                  ~
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


   Type

      The Message Type is one of the following:

                   Type      Value Field
                   --------  ---------------
                    TBD1      BIER Echo Request
                    TBD2      BIER Echo Reply

   The Echo Request/Reply header format is as follows:













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      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |  Ver  | Echo Req/Rep  | Proto |             Reserved          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |   QTF |   RTF |   Reply mode  |  Return Code  | Return Subcode|
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                        Sender's Handle                        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                        Sequence Number                        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                    TimeStamp Sent                             |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                  TimeStamp Sent                               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                  TimeStamp Received                           |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                TimeStamp Received                             |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     ~                              TLVs                             ~
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


   Proto

      Set to 0 for Echo Request/Reply header.

   QTF

      Querier Timestamp Format.  When set to 2, the Timestamp Sent field
      is (in seconds and microseconds, according to the Initiator's
      clock) in NTP format [RFC5905].  When set to 3, the timestamp
      format is in IEEE 1588-2008 (1588v2) Precision Time Protocol
      format.

   RTF

      Responder Timestamp Format.  When set to 2, the Timestamp Received
      field is (in seconds and microseconds, according to the
      Initiator's clock) in NTP format [RFC5905].  When set to 3, the
      timestamp format is in IEEE 1588-2008 (1588v2) Precision Time
      Protocol format.

   Reply mode

      The Reply mode is set to one of the below:





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                   Value      Meaning
                   --------  ---------------
                     1        Do not Reply
                     2        Reply via IPv4/IPv6 UDP packet.
                     3        Reply via BIER packet

   Return Code

      Set to zero if Type is TBD1.  Set as defined in section 3.2 if
      Type is TBD2.

   Return subcode

      To Be updated.

   Sender's Handle, Sequence number and Timestamp

      The Sender's Handle is filled by the Initiator, and returned
      unchanged by responder BFR.  This is used for matching the replies
      to the request.

      The Sequence number is assigned by the Initiator and can be used
      to detect any missed replies.

      The Timestamp Sent is the time when the echo request is sent.  The
      TimeStamp Received in echo reply is the time (accordingly to
      responding BFR clock) that the corresponding echo request was
      received.  The format depends on the QTF/RTF value.

   TLVs

      Carries the TLVs as defined in Section 3.3.

3.2.  Return Code

   Responder uses Return Code field to reply with validity check or
   other error message to Initiator.  It does not carry any meaning in
   Echo Request and MUST be set to zero.

   The Return Code can be one of the following:











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           Value      Value Meaning
           --------  ---------------
            0      No return code (Set by Initiator in Echo Request)
            1      Malformed echo request received
            2      One or more of the TLVs was not understood
            3      Replying BFR is the only BFER in header Bitstring
            4      Set-Identifier Mismatch
            5      Packet-Forward-Success
            6      Invalid Multipath Info Request
            7      No control plane entry for Multicast Overlay Data
            8      No matching entry in forwarding table.
            9      Replying BFR is one of the BFER in header Bitstring

3.3.  BIER OAM TLV

   This section defines various TLVs that can be used in BIER OAM
   packet.  The TLVs (Type-Length-Value tuples) have the following
   format:


      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |               Type            |          Length               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                                                               |
     ~                              Value                            ~
     |                                                               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


   TLV Types are defined below; Length is the length of the Value field
   in octets.  The Value field depends on the TLV Type.

3.3.1.  Original SI-BitString TLV

   The Original SI-BitString TLV carries the set of BFER and carries the
   same BitString that Initiator includes in BIER header.This TLV has
   the following format:












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      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |         Type = 1              |       Length = variable       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |    Set ID     | BitString Len |         Reserved              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                BitString  (first 32 bits)                     ~
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     ~                                                               ~
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                BitString  (last 32 bits)                      |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


   The Length field is set as defined in section 3 of
   [I-D.wijnands-mpls-bier-encapsulation].

   Set ID field is set to the Set Identifier to which the BitString
   belongs to.  This value is derived as defined in section 3 of
   [I-D.wijnands-bier-architecture]

   The BitString field carries the set of BFR-IDs that Initiator will
   include in the BIER header.  This TLV MUST be included by Initiator
   in Echo Request packet

3.3.2.  Target SI-BitString TLV

   The Target SI-BitString TLV carries the set of BFER from which the
   Initiator expects the reply from.This TLV has the following format:


      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |         Type = 2              |       Length = variable       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |    Set ID     | BitString Len |         Reserved              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                BitString  (first 32 bits)                     ~
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     ~                                                               ~
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                BitString  (last 32 bits)                      |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+






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   The Length field is set as defined in section 3 of
   [I-D.wijnands-mpls-bier-encapsulation].

   Set ID field is set to the Set Identifier to which the BitString
   belongs to.  This value is derived as defined in section 3 of
   [I-D.wijnands-bier-architecture]

   The BitString field carries the set of BFR-IDs of BFER(s) that
   Initiator expects the response from.  The BitString in this TLV may
   be different from the BitString in BIER header and allows to control
   the BFER responding to the Echo Request.  This TLV MUST be included
   by Initiator in BIER OAM packet if the Downstream Mapping TLV
   (section 3.3.4) is included.

3.3.3.  Incoming SI-BitString TLV

   The Incoming SI-BitString TLV will be included by Responder BFR in
   Reply message and copies the BitString from BIER header of incoming
   Echo Request message.  This TLV has the following format:


      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |         Type = 3              |       Length = variable       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |    Set ID     | BitString Len |         Reserved              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                BitString  (first 32 bits)                     ~
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     ~                                                               ~
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                BitString  (last 32 bits)                      |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


   The Length field is set as defined in section 3 of
   [I-D.wijnands-mpls-bier-encapsulation].

   Set ID field is set to the Set Identifier of the incoming BIER-MPLS
   label.  This value is derived as defined in section 2.2 of
   [I-D.psenak-ospf-bier-extensions]

   The BitString field copies the BitString from BIER header of the
   incoming Echo Request.  A Responder BFR SHOULD include this TLV in
   Echo Reply if the Echo Request is received with I flag set in
   Downstream Mapping TLV.




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   An Initiator MUST NOT include this TLV in Echo Request.

3.3.4.  Downstream Mapping TLV

   This TLV has the following format:


      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |         Type = 4              |       Length = variable       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |               MTU             | Address Type  |     Flags     |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |               Downstream Address (4 or 16 octets)             |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |         Downstream Interface Address (4 or 16 octets)         |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        Sub-tlv Length         |                               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+                               |
     .                                                               .
     .                      List of Sub-TLVs                         .
     .                                                               .
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


   MTU

      Set to MTU value of outgoing interface.

   Address Type

      The Address Type indicates the address type and length of IP
      address for downstream interface.  The Address type is set to one
      of the below:

                   Type     Addr. Type       DA Length    DIA Length
              -------  ---------------   ----------   ----------
                  1       IPv4 Numbered        4              4
                  2       IPv4 Unnumbered      4              4
                  3       IPv6 Numbered        16            16
                  4       IPv6 Unnumbered      16             4

                  DA Length - Downstream Address field Length
                  DIA Length - Downstream Interface Address field Length

   Flags




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      The Flags field has the following format:

                                           0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
                          +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                          |     Rsvd    |I|
                          +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   When I flag is set, the Responding BFR SHOULD include the Incoming
   SI-BitString TLV in echo reply message.

   Downstream Address and Downstream Interface Address

      If the Address Type is 1, the Downstream Address MUST be set to
      IPV4 BFR-Prefix of downstream BFR and Downstream Interface Address
      is set to downstream interface address.

      If the Address Type is 2, the Downstream Address MUST be set to
      IPV4 BFR-Prefix of downstream BFR and Downstream Interface Address
      is set to the index assigned by upstream BFR to the interface.

      If the Address Type is 3, the Downstream Address MUST be set to
      IPV6 BFR-Prefix of downstream BFR and Downstream Interface Address
      is set to downstream interface address.

      If the Address Type is 4, the Downstream Address MUST be set to
      IPv6 BFR-Prefix of downstream BFR and Downstream Interface Address
      is set to index assigned by upstream BFR to the interface.

3.3.4.1.  Downstream Mapping Sub-TLVs

   This section defines the optional Sub-TLVs that can be included in
   Downstream Mapping TLV.

                   Sub-TLV Type     Value
                   ---------------  --------------
                       1         Multipath Entropy Data
                       2         Egress BitString

3.3.4.1.1.  Multipath Entropy Data












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        0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |M|  Reserved     |                                             |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+                                             |
      |                                                               |
      |                  (Multipath Information)                      |
      |                                                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


   M Flag

      This flag is set to 0 if all packets will be forwarded out through
      interface defined in Downstream Mapping TLV.  When set to 1,
      Multipath Information will be defined with Bit masked Entropy
      data.

   Multipath Information

      Entropy Data encoded as defined in section x3.

3.3.4.1.2.  Egress BitString

   This Sub-TLV MAY be included by Responder BFR with the rewritten
   BitString in outgoing interface as defined in section 6.1 of
   [I-D.wijnands-bier-architecture]


      0                   1                   2                   3
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |    Set ID     | BitString Len |         Reserved              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                BitString  (first 32 bits)                     ~
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     ~                                                               ~
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                BitString  (last 32 bits)                      |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


3.3.5.  Responder BFER TLV

   The Responder BFER TLV will be included by the BFER replying to the
   request.  This is used to identify the originator of BIER Echo Reply.
   This TLV have the following format:





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      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |         Type = 5              |            Length             |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |         Reserved              |           BFR-ID              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


   BFR-ID

      The BFR-ID field carries the BFR-ID of replying BFER.  This TLV
      MAY be included by Responding BFER in BIER Echo Reply packet.

3.3.6.  Responder BFR TLV

   The Responder BFR TLV will be included by the transit BFR replying to
   the request.  This is used to identify the replying BFR without BFR-
   ID.  This TLV have the following format:


      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |     TLV Type = 6              |       Length = variable       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |         Reserved              |          Address Type         |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                                                               |
     ~                 Routable Address (4 or 16 bytes)              ~
     |                                                               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length

      The Length field varies depending on the Address Type.

   Address Type

      Set to 1 for IPv4 or 2 for IPv6.

   Routable Address

      Carries any locally routable address of replying BFR.  This TLV
      MAY be included by Responding BFR in BIER Echo Reply packet.






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3.3.7.  Upstream Interface TLV

   The Upstream Interface TLV will be included by the replying BFR in
   Echo Reply.  This is used to identify the incoming interface and the
   BIER-MPLS label in the incoming Echo Request.  This TLV have the
   following format:


      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |     TLV Type = 7              |       Length = variable       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |         Reserved              |          Address Type         |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                                                               |
     ~                 Upstream Address (4 or 16 bytes)              ~
     |                                                               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length

      The Length field varies depending on the Address Type.

   Address Type

      Set to 1 for IPv4 or 2 for IPv6.

   Upstream Address

      As defined in Section 3.3.4

4.  Procedures

   This section describes aspects of Ping and traceroute operations.
   While this document explains the behavior when Reply mode is "Reply
   via BIER packet", the future version will be updated with details
   about the format when the reply mode is "Reply via IP/UDP packet".

4.1.  BIER OAM processing

   A BIER OAM packet MUST be sent to BIER control plane for OAM
   processing if one of the following conditions is true:

   o  The receiving BFR is a BFER.

   o  TTL of BIER-MPLS Label expired.




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   o  Presence of Router Alert label in the label stack.

4.2.  Per BFER ECMP Discovery

   As defined in [I-D.wijnands-bier-architecture], BIER follows unicast
   forwarding path and allows load balancing over ECMP paths between
   BFIR and BFER.  BIER OAM MUST support ECMP path discovery between a
   BFIR and a given BFER and MUST support path validation and failure
   detection of any particular ECMP path between BFIR and BFER.

   [I-D.wijnands-mpls-bier-encapsulation] proposes the BIER header with
   Entropy field that can be leveraged to exercise all ECMP paths.
   Initiator/BFIR will use traceroute message to query each hop about
   the Entropy information for each downstream paths.  To avoid
   complexity, it is suggested that the ECMP query is performed per BFER
   by carrying required information in BIER OAM message.

   Initiator MUST include Multipath Entropy Data Sub-TLV in Downstream
   Mapping TLV.  It MUST also include the BFER in BitString TLV to which
   the Multipath query is performed.

   Any transit BFR will reply back with Bit-masked Entropy for each
   downstream path as defined in [RFC4379]

4.3.  Sending BIER Echo Request

   Initiator MUST set the Message Type as TBD1 and Return Code as 0.
   Initiator infer the Set Identifier value from the respective
   BitString that will be appended in BIER header and include in "SI"
   field.

   The Proto field in OAM packet MUST be set to 0, if there is no data
   packet following immediately after OAM packet.  In all other cases,
   the Proto field MUST be set to value as defined in
   [I-D.wijnands-mpls-bier-encapsulation], same as of the data packet
   that follows after OAM packet.

   Initiator MUST include Original SI-BitString TLV.  Initiator MUST NOT
   include more than one Original SI-BitString TLV.  In Ping mode,
   Initiator MAY include Target SI-BitString TLV listing all the BFER
   from which the Initiator expects a response.  In traceroute mode,
   Initiator SHOULD include Target SI-Bitstring TLV.  Initiator on
   receiving a reply with Return code as "Replying router is one of the
   BFER in BIER header Bitstring" , SHOULD unset the respective BFR-id
   from Target SI-Bitstring on any subsequent request.






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   Initiator MAY also include Downstream Mapping TLV (section 3.3.4).
   In presence of Multipath Entropy Data Sub-TLV, the Target SI-
   BitString TLV MUST carry only one BFER id.

   Initiator then encapsulates with BIER header and set the Proto as
   TBD1 and further encapsulates with BIER-MPLS label.  In ping mode,
   the BIER-MPLS Label TTL MUST be set to 255.  In traceroute mode, the
   BIER-MPLS Label TTL is set successively starting from 1 and MUST stop
   sending the Echo Request if it receives a reply with Return code as
   "Replying router is the only BFER in BIER header Bitstring" from all
   BFER listed in BitString TLV.

4.4.  Receiving BIER Echo Request

   Sending a BIER OAM Echo Request to control plane for payload
   processing is triggered as mentioned in section 4.1.

   Any BFR on receiving Echo Request MUST send Echo Reply with Return
   Code set to 1, if the packet fails sanity check.  If the packet
   sanity check is fine, it initiates a variable as "Best-return-code"
   and further processes it as below:

   1.  Set the Best-return-code to "SI Mismatch", if the received BIER-
       MPLS Label is not assigned to the Set ID value in Original SI-
       BitString TLV.  Go to section 4.5.

   2.  Set the Best-return-code to "One or more of the TLVs was not
       understood", if any of the TLVs in echo request message is not
       understood.  Go to section 4.5.

   3.  Set the Best-return-code to "Invalid Multipath Info Request", if
       the Echo Request is received with more than 1 BFER id in Target
       SI-BitString TLV AND Multipath Entropy Data Sub-TLV.  Go to
       section 4.5.

   4.  Set the Best-return-code to "Replying router is the only BFER in
       BIER header Bitstring", and go to section 4.5 if the responder is
       BFER and there is no more bits in BIER header Bitstring left for
       forwarding.

   5.  Set the Best-return-code to "Replying router is one of the BFER
       in BIER header Bitstring", and include Downstream Mapping TLV, if
       the responder is BFER and there is more bits in BitString left
       for forwarding.  In addition, include the Multipath information
       as defined in Section 4.2 if the received Echo Request carries
       Multipath Entropy Data Sub-TLV.  Go to section 4.5.





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   6.  Set the Best-return-code to "No matching entry in forwarding
       table", if the forwarding lookup defined in section 6.5 of
       [I-D.wijnands-bier-architecture] does not match any entry for the
       received BitString in BIER header.

   7.  Set the Best-return-code to "Packet-Forward-OK", and include
       Downstream Mapping TLV.  Go to section 4.5

4.5.  Sending Echo Reply

   Responder MUST include DDMAP in Echo Reply if the incoming Echo
   Request carries DDMAP.  Responder MUST set the Message Type as TBD2
   and Return Code as Best-return-code.  The SI field MUST be set to 0
   and Proto field MUST be set to 0.

   Responder appends BIER header listing the BitString with BFIR ID
   (from received Echo Request), set the Proto to PROTO-TBD1 and set the
   BFIR as zero.

4.6.  Receiving Echo Reply

   Initiator on receiving echo reply will use the Sender's Handle to
   match with echo request sent.  If no match is found, Initiator MUST
   ignore the Echo Reply.

   If receiving echo reply have Downstream Mapping, Initiator SHOULD
   copy the same to subsequent Echo Request(s).

5.  IANA Considerations

   This document request the IANA the creation and management of below
   registries:

5.1.  Message Types, Reply Modes, Return Codes

   This document request to assign the Message Types and Reply mode
   mentioned in section 3.1, , Return code mentioned in Section 3.2.

5.2.  TLVs

   The TLVs and Sub-TLVs requested by this document for IANA
   consideration are the following:









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             Type        Sub-Type            Value Field
             -------      --------            -----------
             1                               Original SI-BitString
             2                               Target SI-BitString
             3                               Incoming SI-BitString
             4                               Downstream Mapping
             4              1                Multipath Entropy Data
             4              2                Egress BitString
             5                               Responder BFER
             6                               Responder BFR
             7                               Upstream Interface

6.  Security Considerations

   The security consideration for BIER Ping is similar to ICMP or LSP
   Ping.  AS like ICMP or LSP ping, BFR may be exposed to Denial-of-
   service attacks and it is RECOMMENDED to regulate the BIER Ping
   packet flow to control plane.  A rate limiter SHOULD be applied to
   avoid any attack.

   As like ICMP or LSP Ping, a traceroute can be used to obtain network
   information.  It is RECOMMENDED that the implementation check the
   integrity of BFIR of the Echo messages against any local secured list
   before processing the message further

7.  Acknowledgement

   TBD

8.  Contributing Authors

   TBD

9.  References

9.1.  Normative References

   [I-D.psenak-ospf-bier-extensions]
              Psenak, P., Kumar, N., Wijnands, I., Dolganow, A.,
              Przygienda, T., and J. Zhang, "OSPF Extensions For BIER",
              draft-psenak-ospf-bier-extensions-02 (work in progress),
              February 2015.

   [I-D.wijnands-bier-architecture]
              Wijnands, I., Rosen, E., Dolganow, A., Przygienda, T., and
              S. Aldrin, "Multicast using Bit Index Explicit
              Replication", draft-wijnands-bier-architecture-04 (work in
              progress), February 2015.



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   [I-D.wijnands-mpls-bier-encapsulation]
              Wijnands, I., Rosen, E., Dolganow, A., Tantsura, J., and
              S. Aldrin, "Encapsulation for Bit Index Explicit
              Replication in MPLS Networks", draft-wijnands-mpls-bier-
              encapsulation-02 (work in progress), December 2014.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC4379]  Kompella, K. and G. Swallow, "Detecting Multi-Protocol
              Label Switched (MPLS) Data Plane Failures", RFC 4379,
              February 2006.

   [RFC5905]  Mills, D., Martin, J., Burbank, J., and W. Kasch, "Network
              Time Protocol Version 4: Protocol and Algorithms
              Specification", RFC 5905, June 2010.

9.2.  Informative References

   [RFC0792]  Postel, J., "Internet Control Message Protocol", STD 5,
              RFC 792, September 1981.

   [RFC6291]  Andersson, L., van Helvoort, H., Bonica, R., Romascanu,
              D., and S. Mansfield, "Guidelines for the Use of the "OAM"
              Acronym in the IETF", BCP 161, RFC 6291, June 2011.

   [RFC6424]  Bahadur, N., Kompella, K., and G. Swallow, "Mechanism for
              Performing Label Switched Path Ping (LSP Ping) over MPLS
              Tunnels", RFC 6424, November 2011.

   [RFC6425]  Saxena, S., Swallow, G., Ali, Z., Farrel, A., Yasukawa,
              S., and T. Nadeau, "Detecting Data-Plane Failures in
              Point-to-Multipoint MPLS - Extensions to LSP Ping", RFC
              6425, November 2011.

Authors' Addresses

   Nagendra Kumar
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   7200 Kit Creek Road
   Research Triangle Park, NC  27709
   US

   Email: naikumar@cisco.com







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   Carlos Pignataro
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   7200 Kit Creek Road
   Research Triangle Park, NC  27709-4987
   US

   Email: cpignata@cisco.com


   Nobo Akiya
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   2000 Innovation Drive
   Kanata, ON  K2K 3E8
   Canada

   Email: nobo@cisco.com


   Lianshu Zheng
   Huawei Technologies
   China

   Email: vero.zheng@huawei.com


   Mach Chen
   Huawei Technologies

   Email: mach.chen@huawei.com


   Greg Mirsky
   Ericsson

   Email: gregory.mirsky@ericsson.com
















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