SIP Steve Levy Internet-Draft Bryan Byerly draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt J. R. Yang Cisco Systems Expires: July 16, 2004 January 16, 2004 Diversion Indication in SIP draft-levy-sip-diversion-07 Status of this Memo This document is an Internet-Draft and is subject to all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet- Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http:// www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt. The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. This Internet-Draft will expire on July 16, 2004. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004). All Rights Reserved. Abstract This document proposes an extension to the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). This extension provides the ability for the called SIP user agent to identify from whom the call was diverted and why the call was diverted. The extension defines a general header, Diversion, which conveys the diversion information from other SIP user agents and proxies to the called user agent. This extension allows enhanced support for various features, including Unified Messaging, Third-Party Voicemail, and Automatic Call Distribution (ACD). SIP user agents and SIP proxies which receive diversion information may use this as supplemental information for feature invocation decisions. Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 1 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 1 Introduction In the legacy telephony network, redirection information is passed through the network in ISDN/ISUP signaling messages. This information is used by various service providers and business applications to support enhanced features for the end user. An analogous mechanism of providing redirection information would enable such enhanced features for SIP users. The Diversion header allows implementation of feature logic based on from whom the call was diverted. Version 06 (and forward) of the draft adds support for privacy and screening information. 2 Definitions diversion: A change to the ultimate destination endpoint of a request. A change in the Request-URI of a request that was not caused by a routing decision. This is also sometimes called a deflection or redirection. A diversion can occur when the "user" portion of the Request-URI is changed for a reason other than expansion or translation. A diversion can occur when only the "host" portion of the Request-URI has changed if the change was due to a non-routing decision. divertor: The entity which diverted the call. recursing: A SIP proxy or user agent which handles a received or internally generated 3xx response by forking new request(s) itself. non-recursing: A SIP proxy or user agent which handles a received or internally generated 3xx response by forwarding it upstream. 3 Abbreviations CFUNC: Call Forward Unconditional CFTOD: Call Forward Time-of-Day CFB: Call Forward on Busy CFNA: Call Forward on No Answer CFUNV: Call Forward Unavailable ACD: Automatic Call Distribution 4 Overview In order to implement certain third-party features such as third-party voicemail and Automatic Call Distribution (ACD) applications, diversion information needs to be given to the called third-party so that he may respond to the caller intelligently. In these situations, the party receiving a diverted call needs answers for two questions: Question 1: From whom was the request diverted? Question 2: Why was the request diverted? This document proposes usage of the Diversion header to answer these questions for the party receiving the diverted call. Insertion of the previous Request-URI (before the diversion occurred) into the Diversion header answers question 1. Insertion of the "reason" tag into the Diversion header (by the divertor) answers question 2. Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 2 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 4.1 When is the Diversion header used? The Diversion header SHOULD be added when a SIP proxy server, SIP redirect server, or SIP user agent changes the ultimate endpoint which will receive the call. Diversion information SHOULD NOT be added for normal call routing changes to the Request-URI. Thus, the Diversion header is not added when features such as speed dial change the Request-URI. When a diversion occurs, a Diversion header SHOULD be added to the forwarded request or forwarded 3xx response. The Diversion header MUST contain the Request-URI of the request prior to the diversion. The Diversion header SHOULD contain a reason that the diversion occurred. Existing Diversion headers received in an incoming request MUST NOT be removed or changed in forwarded requests. Existing Diversion headers received in an incoming response MUST NOT be removed or changed in the forwarded response. A Diversion header is added when features such as call forwarding or call deflection change the Request-URI. 5 Extension Syntax The syntax of the Diversion header is: Diversion = "Diversion" ":" 1# (name-addr *( ";" diversion_params )) diversion-params = diversion-reason | diversion-counter | diversion-limit | diversion-privacy | diversion-screen | diversion-extension diversion-reason = "reason" "=" ( "unknown" | "user-busy" | "no-answer" | "unavailable" | "unconditional" | "time-of-day" | "do-not-disturb" | "deflection" | "follow-me" | "out-of-service" | "away" | token | quoted-string ) diversion-counter = "counter" "=" 1*2DIGIT diversion-limit = "limit" "=" 1*2DIGIT diversion-privacy = "privacy" "=" ( "full" | "name" | "uri" | "off" | token | quoted-string ) diversion-screen = "screen" "=" ( "yes" | "no" | token | quoted-string ) diversion-extension = token ["=" (token | quoted-string)] The following is an extension of tables 4 and 5 in [SIP] for the Diversion header: where enc. e-e ACK BYE CAN INV OPT REG _____________________________________________________________ Diversion R h - - - o - - Diversion 3xx h - - - o - - Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 3 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 6 Detailed Semantics 6.1 UAS Behavior A SIP UAS which receives a request and returns a 3xx SHOULD add a Diversion header containing the previous Request-URI and the reason for the diversion. 6.2 UAC Behavior A SIP UAC which receives a 3xx containing a Diversion header SHOULD copy the Diversion header into each downstream forked request which resulted from the 3xx. 6.3 Redirect Server Behavior A SIP redirect server which receives a request and returns a 3xx containing a Contact which diverts the request to a different endpoint SHOULD add a Diversion header containing the Request-URI from the incoming request and the reason for the diversion. 6.4 Proxy Server Behavior A non-recursing SIP proxy which receives a 3xx containing a Diversion header SHOULD forward the 3xx containing the Diversion header upstream unchanged. A SIP proxy which receives a request and invokes a feature which changes the Request-URI of the forwarded request in order to divert the request to a different endpoint SHOULD add a Diversion header containing the Request-URI from the incoming request and the reason for the diversion. A SIP proxy which receives a request and returns a 3xx containing a Contact which diverts the request to a different endpoint SHOULD add a Diversion header containing the Request-URI from the incoming request and the reason for the diversion. 6.4.1 Proxy Logic for Diversion header if (pdu.is_request()) { if (request-URI is changed due to a called feature) { if (proxy.is_recursing()) { Add the Diversion header (indicating the reason that the call has been diverted) to the downstream forwarded request(s). } else { Add the Diversion header (indicating the reason that the call has been diverted) to the upstream forwarded 3xx response. } } } else if (pdu.is_response()) { if (pdu.is_3xx()) { if (proxy.is_recursing()) { Copy Diversion header into forwarded INVITE(s). } else { Forward response upstream. } } } Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 4 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 7 Examples using Diversion header There are several implementations of call forwarding features that can be implemented by either recursing or non-recursing SIP proxies or SIP user agents. A SIP proxy or user agent which generates or forwards 3xx's upstream is non-recursing. A SIP proxy or user agent which handles received (or internally generated) 3xx's itself is recursing. The following examples illustrate usage of the Diversion header for some of the variants of recursing and non-recursing proxies and user agents. 7.1 Call Forward Unconditional Usage of the Diversion header is shown below for several variant implementations of Call Forward Unconditional. 7.1.1 Network Call Forward Unconditional, P2 recursing In this message flow, the call would normally be routed to Bob@B. However, Proxy 2 (P2) recursively implements Call Forward Unconditional (CFUNC) to Carol@C. +------------------------+ | Bob@P2: CFUNC->Carol@C | +------+-----------------+ \ \ A P1 P2 B C recursing | | | | | |--INV Bob@P1->| | | | | | | | | | |--INV Bob@P2->| | | | | | | | | | |--INVITE Carol@C------->| | | | Diversion: Bob@P2 | | | | ;reason="unconditional" | | | | | | | |<-200-------------------| | | | | | | |<-200---------| | | | | | | | |<-200---------| | | | | | | | | |--ACK------------------------------------------------>| | | | | | | | | | | Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 5 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 7.1.2 Network Call Forward Unconditional, P1 non-recursing P2 non-recursing In this message flow, Proxy 2 (P2) non-recursively implements Call Forward Unconditional (CFUNC) to Carol@C. Proxy 1 (P1) is non-recursing. +------------------------+ | Bob@P2: CFUNC->Carol@C | +------+-----------------+ \ \ A P1 P2 B C non-recursing non-recursing | | | | | |--INV Bob@P1->| | | | | | | | | | |--INV Bob@P2->| | | | | | | | | |<-302---------| | | | | Contact: Carol@C | | | | Diversion: Bob@P2 | | | | ;reason="unconditional" | | | | | | | | |--ACK-------->| | | | | | | | |<-302---------| | | | | Contact: Carol@C | | | | Diversion: Bob@P2 | | | | ;reason="unconditional" | | | | | | | | |--ACK-------->| | | | | | | | | |--INVITE Carol@C------------------------------------->| | Diversion: Bob@P2 | | | | ;reason="unconditional" | | | | | | | | |<-200-------------------------------------------------| | | | | | |--ACK------------------------------------------------>| | | | | | | | | | | Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 6 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 7.1.3 Network Call Forward Unconditional, P1 recursing P2 non-recursing In this message flow, Proxy 2 (P2) non-recursively implements Call Forward Unconditional (CFUNC) to Carol@C. Proxy 1 (P1) is recursing. +------------------------+ | Bob@P2: CFUNC->Carol@C | +------+-----------------+ \ \ A P1 P2 B C recursing non-recursing | | | | | |--INV Bob@P1->| | | | | | | | | | |--INV Bob@P2->| | | | | | | | | |<-302---------| | | | | Contact: Carol@C | | | | Diversion: Bob@P2 | | | | ;reason="unconditional" | | | | | | | | |--ACK-------->| | | | | | | | | |--INVITE Carol@C---------------------->| | | Diversion: Bob@P2 | | | | ;reason="unconditional" | | | | | | | | |<-200----------------------------------| | | | | | |<-200---------| | | | | | | | | |--ACK------------------------------------------------>| | | | | | | | | | | Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 7 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 7.1.4 Endpoint Call Forward Unconditional, P1 recursing P2 non-recursing In this message flow, user agent server B (B) non-recursively implements Call Forward Unconditional (CFUNC) to Carol@C. Proxy 2 (P2) is non-recursing. Proxy 1 (P1) is recursing. +-----------------------+ | Bob@B: CFUNC->Carol@C | +------+----------------+ \ \ A P1 P2 B C recursing non-recursing | | | | | |--INV Bob@P1->| | | | | | | | | | |--INV Bob@P2->| | | | | |--INV Bob@B--->| | | | | | | | | |<-302----------| | | | | Contact: Carol@C | | | | Diversion: Bob@B | | | | ;reason="unconditional" | | | | | | | |--ACK--------->| | | | | | | | |<-302---------| | | | | Contact: Carol@C | | | | Diversion: Bob@B | | | | ;reason="unconditional" | | | | | | | | |--ACK-------->| | | | | | | | | |--INVITE Carol@C------------------------>| | | Diversion: Bob@B | | | | ;reason="unconditional" | | | | | | | | |<-200------------------------------------| | | | | | |<-200---------| | | | | | | | | |--ACK-------------------------------------------------->| | | | | | | | | | | Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 8 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 7.2 Call Forward on Busy Usage of the Diversion header is shown below for several variant implementations of Call Forward on Busy. 7.2.1 Network Call Forward on Busy, P2 recursing In this message flow, Proxy 2 (P2) recursively implements Call Forward on Busy (CFB) to Carol@C. +----------------------+ | Bob@P2: CFB->Carol@C | +------+---------------+ \ \ A P1 P2 B C recursing | | | | | |--INV Bob@P1->| | | | | | | | | | |--INV Bob@P2->| | | | | | | | | | |--INV Bob@B->| | | | | | | | | |<-486--------| | | | | | | | | |--ACK------->| | | | | | | | | |--INVITE Carol@C------->| | | | Diversion: Bob@P2 | | | | ;reason="user-busy" | | | | | | | | |<-200-------------------| | | | | | | |<-200---------| | | | | | | | |<-200---------| | | | | | | | | |--ACK------------------------------------------------>| | | | | | | | | | | Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 9 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 7.2.2 Network Call Forward on Busy, P1 non-recursing P2 non-recursing In this message flow, Proxy 2 (P2) non-recursively implements Call Forward on Busy (CFB) to Carol@C. Proxy 1 (P1) is non-recursing. +----------------------+ | Bob@P2: CFB->Carol@C | +------+---------------+ \ \ A P1 P2 B C non-recursing non-recursing | | | | | |--INV Bob@P1->| | | | | | | | | | |--INV Bob@P2->| | | | | | | | | | |--INV Bob@B->| | | | | | | | | |<-486--------| | | | | | | | | |--ACK------->| | | | | | | | |<-302---------| | | | | Contact: Carol@C | | | | Diversion: Bob@P2 | | | | ;reason="user-busy" | | | | | | | | |--ACK-------->| | | | | | | | |<-302---------| | | | | Contact: Carol@C | | | | Diversion: Bob@P2 | | | | ;reason="user-busy" | | | | | | | | |--ACK-------->| | | | | | | | | |--INVITE Carol@C------------------------------------->| | Diversion: Bob@P2 | | | | ;reason="user-busy" | | | | | | | | |<-200-------------------------------------------------| | | | | | |--ACK------------------------------------------------>| | | | | | | | | | | Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 10 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 7.2.3 Network Call Forward on Busy, P1 recursing P2 non-recursing In this message flow, Proxy 2 (P2) non-recursively implements Call Forward on Busy (CFB) to Carol@C. Proxy 1 (P1) is recursing. +----------------------+ | Bob@P2: CFB->Carol@C | +------+---------------+ \ \ A P1 P2 B C recursing non-recursing | | | | | |--INV Bob@P1->| | | | | | | | | | |--INV Bob@P2->| | | | | | | | | | |--INV Bob@B->| | | | | | | | | |<-486--------| | | | | | | | | |--ACK------->| | | | | | | | |<-302---------| | | | | Contact: Carol@C | | | | Diversion: Bob@P2 | | | | ;reason="user-busy" | | | | | | | | |--ACK-------->| | | | | | | | | |--INVITE Carol@C---------------------->| | | Diversion: Bob@P2 | | | | ;reason="user-busy" | | | | | | | | |<-200----------------------------------| | | | | | |<-200---------| | | | | | | | | |--ACK------------------------------------------------>| | | | | | | | | | | Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 11 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 7.2.4 Endpoint Call Forward on Busy, P1 recursing P2 non-recursing In this message flow, user agent server B (B) non-recursively implements Call Forward on Busy (CFB) to Carol@C. Proxy 2 (P2) is non-recursing. Proxy 1 (P1) is recursing. +---------------------+ | Bob@B: CFB->Carol@C | +------+--------------+ \ \ A P1 P2 B C recursing non-recursing | | | | | |--INV Bob@P1->| | | | | | | | | | |--INV Bob@P2->| | | | | | | | | | |--INV Bob@B->| | | | | | | | | |<-302--------| | | | | Contact: Carol@C | | | | Diversion: Bob@B | | | | ;reason="user-busy" | | | | | | | | |--ACK------->| | | | | | | | |<-302---------| | | | | Contact: Carol@C | | | | Diversion: Bob@B | | | | ;reason="user-busy" | | | | | | | | |--ACK-------->| | | | | | | | | |--INVITE Carol@C---------------------->| | | Diversion: Bob@B | | | | ;reason-"user-busy" | | | | | | | | |<-200----------------------------------| | | | | | |<-200---------| | | | | | | | | |--ACK------------------------------------------------>| | | | | | | | | | | Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 12 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 7.3 Call Forward on No-Answer Usage of the Diversion header is shown below for several variant implementations of Call Forward on No-Answer. 7.3.1 Network Call Forward on No-Answer, P2 recursing In this message flow, Proxy 2 (P2) recursively implements Call Forward on No Answer (CFNA) to Carol@C. +-----------------------+ | Bob@P2: CFNA->Carol@C | +------+----------------+ \ \ A P1 P2 B C recursing | | | | | |--INV Bob@P1->| | | | | | | | | | |--INV Bob@P2->| | | | | | | | | | |--INV Bob@B->| | | | | | | | | |<-180--------| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | timeout | | | | |--INVITE Carol@C------->| | | | Diversion: Bob@P2 | | | | ;reason="no-answer" | | | | | | | | |<-200-------------------| | | | | | | |<-200---------| | | | | | | | |<-200---------| | | | | | | | | |--ACK------------------------------------------------>| | | | | | | | | | | Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 13 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 7.3.2 Network Call Forward on No-Answer, P1 non-recursing P2 non-recursing In this message flow, Proxy 2 (P2) non-recursively implements Call Forward on No Answer (CFNA) to Carol@C. Proxy 1 (P1) is non-recursing. +-----------------------+ | Bob@P2: CFNA->Carol@C | +------+----------------+ \ \ A P1 P2 B C non-recursing non-recursing | | | | | |--INV Bob@P1->| | | | | | | | | | |--INV Bob@P2->| | | | | | | | | | |--INV Bob@B->| | | | | | | | | |<-180--------| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | timeout | | | |<-302---------| | | | | Contact: Carol@C | | | | Diversion: Bob@P2 | | | | ;reason="no-answer" | | | | | | | | |--ACK-------->| | | | | | | | |<-302---------| | | | | Contact: Carol@C | | | | Diversion: Bob@P2 | | | | ;reason="no-answer" | | | | | | | | |--ACK-------->| | | | | | | | | |--INVITE Carol@C------------------------------------->| | Diversion: Bob@P2 | | | | ;reason="no-answer" | | | | | | | | |<-200-------------------------------------------------| | | | | | |--ACK------------------------------------------------>| | | | | | | | | | | Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 14 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 7.3.3 Network Call Forward on No Answer, P1 recursing P2 non-recursing In this message flow, Proxy 2 (P2) non-recursively implements Call Forward on No Answer (CFNA) to Carol@C. Proxy 1 (P1) is recursing. +-----------------------+ | Bob@P2: CFNA->Carol@C | +------+----------------+ \ \ A P1 P2 B C recursing non-recursing | | | | | |--INV Bob@P1->| | | | | | | | | | |--INV Bob@P2->| | | | | | | | | | |--INV Bob@B->| | | | | | | | | |<-180--------| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | timeout | | | |<-302---------| | | | | Contact: Carol@C | | | | Diversion: Bob@P2 | | | | ;reason="no-answer" | | | | | | | | |--ACK-------->| | | | | | | | | |--INVITE Carol@C---------------------->| | | Diversion: Bob@P2 | | | | ;reason="no-answer" | | | | | | | | |<-200----------------------------------| | | | | | |<-200---------| | | | | | | | | |--ACK------------------------------------------------>| | | | | | | | | | | Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 15 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 7.3.4 Endpoint Call Forward on No-Answer, P1 recursing, P2 non-recursing B non-recursing In this message flow, user agent server B (B) non-recursively implements Call Forward on No Answer (CFNA) to Carol@C. Proxy 2 (P2) is non-recursing. Proxy 1 (P1) is recursing. +----------------------+ | Bob@B: CFNA->Carol@C | +------+---------------+ \ \ A P1 P2 B C recursing non-recursing | | | | | |--INV Bob@P1->| | | | | | | | | | |--INV Bob@P2->| | | | | | | | | | |--INV Bob@B->| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | timeout | | | |<-302--------| | | | | Contact: Carol@C | | | | Diversion: Bob@B | | | | ;reason="no-answer" | | | | | | | | |--ACK------->| | | | | | | | |<-302---------| | | | | Contact: Carol@C | | | | Diversion: Bob@B | | | | ;reason="no-answer" | | | | | | | | |--ACK-------->| | | | | | | | | |--INVITE Carol@C---------------------->| | | Diversion: Bob@B | | | | ;reason-"no-answer" | | | | | | | | |<-200----------------------------------| | | | | | |<-200---------| | | | | | | | | |--ACK------------------------------------------------>| | | | | | | | | | | Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 16 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 7.4 Call Forward on Unavailable Usage of the Diversion header is shown below for several variant implementations of Call Forward on Unavailable. 7.4.1 Network Call Forward on Unavailable, P2 recursing In this message flow, Proxy 2 (P2) recursively implements Call Forward on Unavailable (CFUNV) to Carol@C. +------------------------+ | Bob@P2: CFUNV->Carol@C | +------+-----------------+ \ \ A P1 P2 B C recursing | | | | | |--INV Bob@P1->| | | | |<-100---------| | | | | |--INV Bob@P2->| | | | |<-100---------| | | | | |--INV Bob@B->| | | | |--INV Bob@B->| | | | |--INV Bob@B->| | | | | ... | | | | |--INV Bob@B->| | | | timeout | | | | |--INVITE Carol@C------->| | | | Diversion: Bob@P2 | | | | ;reason="unavailable" | | | | | | | |<-200-------------------| | | | | | | |<-200---------| | | | | | | | |<-200---------| | | | | | | | | |--ACK------------------------------------------------>| | | | | | | | | | | Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 17 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 7.4.2 Network Call Forward on Unavailable, P1 non-recursing P2 non-recursing In this message flow, Proxy 2 (P2) non-recursively implements Call Forward on Unavailable (CFUNV) to Carol@C. Proxy 1 (P1) is non-recursing. +------------------------+ | Bob@P2: CFUNV->Carol@C | +------+-----------------+ \ \ A P1 P2 B C non-recursing non-recursing | | | | | |--INV Bob@P1->| | | | | | | | | | |--INV Bob@P2->| | | | | | | | | |<-100---------| | | | | | | | |<-100---------| | | | | | |--INV Bob@B->| | | | |--INV Bob@B->| | | | |--INV Bob@B->| | | | | ... | | | | |--INV Bob@B->| | | | timeout | | | |<-302---------| | | | | Contact: Carol@C | | | | Diversion: Bob@P2 | | | | ;reason="unavailable" | | | | | | | | |--ACK-------->| | | | | | | | |<-302---------| | | | | Contact: Carol@C | | | | Diversion: Bob@P2 | | | | ;reason="unavailable" | | | | | | | | |--ACK-------->| | | | | | | | | |--INVITE Carol@C------------------------------------->| | Diversion: Bob@P2 | | | | ;reason="unavailable" | | | | | | | | |<-200-------------------------------------------------| | | | | | |--ACK------------------------------------------------>| | | | | | | | | | | Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 18 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 7.4.3 Network Call Forward on Unavailable, P1 recursing P2 non-recursing In this message flow, Proxy 2 (P2) non-recursively implements Call Forward on Unavailable (CFUNV) to Carol@C. Proxy 1 (P1) is recursing. +------------------------+ | Bob@P2: CFUNV->Carol@C | +------+-----------------+ \ \ A P1 P2 B C recursing non-recursing | | | | | |--INV Bob@P1->| | | | |<-100---------| | | | | |--INV Bob@P2->| | | | |<-100---------| | | | | |--INV Bob@B->| | | | |--INV Bob@B->| | | | |--INV Bob@B->| | | | | ... | | | | |--INV Bob@B->| | | | timeout | | | |<-302---------| | | | | Contact: Carol@C | | | | Diversion: Bob@P2 | | | | ;reason="unavailable" | | | | | | | | |--ACK-------->| | | | | | | | | |--INVITE Carol@C---------------------->| | | Diversion: Bob@P2 | | | | ;reason="unavailable" | | | | | | | | |<-200----------------------------------| | | | | | |<-200---------| | | | | | | | | |--ACK------------------------------------------------>| | | | | | | | | | | 7.5 Multiple Diversions Usage of the Diversion header when multiple diversions occur are shown the following two examples. 7.5.1 Call Forward Unconditional and Call Forward Busy In this message flow, Proxy 2 (P2) implements Call Forward Unconditional (CFUNC) to Carol@C. C then implements Call Forward on Busy (CFB) to 5551234@D. P2 is non-recursing. P1 is recursing. C is non-recursing. +------------------------+ +-------------------------+ | Bob@P2: CFUNC->Carol@C | | Carol@C: CFB->5551234@D | +---------------+--------+ +--------+----------------+ \ \ \ \ A P1 P2 B C D recursing non-recursing non-recursing | | | | | | |--INV Bob@P1->| | | | | | | | | | | | |--INV Bob@P2->| | | | | | | | | | | |<-302---------| | | | | | Contact: Carol@C | | | | | Diversion: Bob@P2 | | | | | ;reason="unconditional" | | | | | | | | | | |--ACK-------->| | | | | | | | | | | |--INVITE Carol@C---------------------->| | | | Diversion: Bob@P2 | | | | | ;reason="unconditional" | | | | | | | | | | |<-302----------------------------------| | | | Contact: 5551234@D | | | | | Diversion: Carol@C | | | | | ;reason="user-busy" | | | | | ;privacy="full" | | | | | Diversion: Bob@P2 | | | | | ;reason="unconditional" | | | | | | | | | | |--ACK--------------------------------->| | | | | | | | | |--INVITE 5551234@D------------------------------->| | | Diversion: Carol@C | | | | | ;reason="user-busy" | | | | | ;privacy="full" | | | | | Diversion: Bob@P2 | | | | | ;reason="unconditional" | | | | | | | | | | |<-200---------------------------------------------| | | | | | | |<-200---------| | | | | | | | | | | |--ACK----------------------------------------------------------->| | | | | | | | | | | | | 7.5.2 Call Forward Unconditional and Call Forward No Answer In this message flow, Proxy 2 (P2) implements Call Forward Unconditional (CFUNC) to Carol@C. (P2 would normally have routed the call to B). C then implements Call Forward on No Answer (CFNA) to 5551234@D. P2 is recursing. C is recursing. +------------------------+ +--------------------------+ | Bob@P2: CFUNC->Carol@C | | Carol@C: CFNA->5551234@D | +------------------+-----+ +-----+--------------------+ \ \ \ \ A P1 P2 B C D recursing recursing | | | | | | |--INV Bob@P1->| | | | | | | | | | | | |--INV Bob@P2->| | | | | | | | | | | | |--INV Carol@C->| | | | | Diversion: Bob@P2 | | | | ;reason="unconditional" | | | | | | | | | |<--180---------| | | | | | | | | |<-180---------| | | | | | | | | | |<-180---------| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | timeout | | | | | |--INV 5551234@D->| | | | | |Diversion: Carol@C | | | | | ;reason="no-answer" | | | | | ;privacy="full" | | | | |Diversion: Bob@P2 | | | | | ;reason="unconditional" | | | | | | | | | | |<-200------------| | | | | | | | | | |<-200----------| | | | | | | | | | | |<-200---------| | | | | | | | | | | | |<-200---------| | | | | | | | | | | | | |--ACK--------------------------------------------------------->| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 19 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 8 Security Considerations There are some privacy considerations when using the Diversion header. Usage of the Diversion header implies that the diverting UAS trusts the diverted-to UAS. Usage of the Diversion header by SIP proxies or SIP user agents can cause information leakage of route information and called information to untrusted SIP proxies and untrusted callers in upstream 3xx's. Leakage of this information can be mitigated by having a recursing trusted upstream proxy server. For a SIP network architecture where all proxies are required to be non-recursive, Diversion header hiding may be considered necessary in order to prevent leakage of route information to the caller. To accomplish Diversion header hiding, a trusted upstream proxy would add a Record-Route header and use a secret key to encrypt the contents of the Diversion header in 3xx's which are forwarded upstream. On receipt of re-INVITEs the proxy would decrypt the contents of the Diversion header (using its secret key) and forward the INVITE. There is no currently defined interaction of the Diversion and Hide headers. Question: Should there be? 9 Further Examples Only the relevant headers have been included in the following examples. The contents of the SDPs has also been omitted. 9.1 Night Service/Automatic Call Distribution (ACD) using Diversion header In the following 2 message flows two separate companies, WeSellPizza.com and WeSellFlowers.com, have contracted with a third company, NightService.com to provide nighttime support for their incoming voice calls. In the first flow, Alice calls out for pizza. In the second flow, Alice calls for roses. In both instances, the same night service company (and receptionist, Carol) answers the call. However, because the Diversion header is used, Carol is able to customize her greeting to the caller. +-------------------------------------+ | WeSellPizza@P2: CFTOD->nightserv@P3 | +-------------+-----------------------+ \ \ UAC P1 P2 P3 UAS1 (WeSellPizza.com) (NightService.com) (ACD) | [1] | | | | |-INV pizza@P1-->| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [2] INVITE WeSellPizza@P2 | | | |--------------->| | | | | | | | | | | [3] | | | | |-INV nightserv@P3->| | | | | Diversion: WeSellPizza@P2 | | | | ;reason="time-of-day" | | | | | | | | | | [4] | | | | |-INV Carol@uas1----->| | | | Diversion: WeSellPizza@P2 | | | | ;reason="time-of-day" | | | | | | | | | |<-[5] 200------------| | | |<-[6] 200----------| | | |<-[7] 200-------| | | |<-[8] 200-------| | | | | | | | | |--[9] ACK----------------------------------------------------------------->| | | | | | |<============================================="Hello, WeSellPizza"=========| | | | | | | | | | | Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 20 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 Alice calls for pizza. [1] SIP UAC to SIP proxy server 1: INVITE sip:pizza@p1.isp.com SIP/2.0 Via: SIP/2.0/UDP alice-pc.isp.com From: sip:alice@isp.com To: sip:pizza@p1.isp.com Call-ID: 12345600@alice-pc.isp.com CSeq: 1 INVITE Content-Type: application/sdp The ISP's originating proxy translated the keyword pizza to the company WeSellPizza.com [2] SIP proxy server 1 to SIP proxy server 2 (WeSellPizza.com): INVITE sip:WeSellPizza@p2.isp.com SIP/2.0 Via: SIP/2.0/UDP p1.isp.com Via: SIP/2.0/UDP alice-pc.isp.com From: sip:alice@isp.com To: sip:pizza@p1.isp.com Call-ID: 12345600@alice-pc.isp.com CSeq: 1 INVITE Content-Type: application/sdp It's after midnight and the pizza people are in bed. Fortunately, WeSellPizza.com has contracted with NightService.com to answer their nighttime calls. Thus, P2 implements CFTOD to to NightService.com. [3] SIP proxy server 2 (WeSellPizza.com) to SIP proxy server 3 (NightService.com): INVITE sip:NightService@p3.isp.com SIP/2.0 Via: SIP/2.0/UDP p2.isp.com Via: SIP/2.0/UDP p1.isp.com Via: SIP/2.0/UDP alice-pc.isp.com From: sip:alice@isp.com To: sip:pizza@p1.isp.com Call-ID: 12345600@alice-pc.isp.com CSeq: 1 INVITE Diversion: <sip:WeSellPizza@p2.isp.com> ;reason="time-of-day" Content-Type: application/sdp Carol is available to receive the incoming call. [4] SIP proxy server 3 (NightService.com) to UAS1 (Carol): INVITE sip:carol@uas1.nightservice.com SIP/2.0 Via: SIP/2.0/UDP p3.isp.com Via: SIP/2.0/UDP p2.isp.com Via: SIP/2.0/UDP p1.isp.com Via: SIP/2.0/UDP alice-pc.isp.com From: sip:alice@isp.com To: sip:pizza@p1.isp.com Call-ID: 12345600@alice-pc.isp.com CSeq: 1 INVITE Diversion: <sip:WeSellPizza@p2.isp.com> ;reason="time-of-day" Content-Type: application/sdp The ACD keys off the Diversion header to pull up the WeSellPizza FAQ on Carol's web browser. [5] UAS1 to SIP proxy server 3: SIP/2.0 200 OK Via: SIP/2.0/UDP p3.isp.com Via: SIP/2.0/UDP p2.isp.com Via: SIP/2.0/UDP p1.isp.com Via: SIP/2.0/UDP alice-pc.isp.com Contact: carol@uas1.nightservice.com From: sip:alice@isp.com To: <sip:pizza@p1.isp.com>;tag=uas1 Call-ID: 12345600@alice-pc.isp.com CSeq: 1 INVITE Content-Type: application/sdp Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 21 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 [6] SIP proxy server 3 to SIP proxy server 2: SIP/2.0 200 OK Via: SIP/2.0/UDP p2.isp.com Via: SIP/2.0/UDP p1.isp.com Via: SIP/2.0/UDP alice-pc.isp.com Contact: carol@uas1.nightservice.com From: sip:alice@isp.com To: <sip:pizza@p1.isp.com>;tag=uas1 Call-ID: 12345600@alice-pc.isp.com CSeq: 1 INVITE Content-Type: application/sdp [7] SIP proxy server 2 to SIP proxy server 1: SIP/2.0 200 OK Via: SIP/2.0/UDP p1.isp.com Via: SIP/2.0/UDP alice-pc.isp.com Contact: carol@uas1.nightservice.com From: sip:alice@isp.com To: <sip:pizza@p1.isp.com>;tag=uas1 Call-ID: 12345600@alice-pc.isp.com CSeq: 1 INVITE Content-Type: application/sdp [8] SIP proxy server 1 to UAC SIP/2.0 200 OK Via: SIP/2.0/UDP alice-pc.isp.com Contact: carol@uas1.nightservice.com From: sip:alice@isp.com To: <sip:pizza@p1.isp.com>;tag=uas1 Call-ID: 12345600@alice-pc.isp.com CSeq: 1 INVITE Content-Type: application/sdp [9] SIP UAC to UAS1: ACK sip:uas1.nightservice.com SIP/2.0 Via: SIP/2.0/UDP alice-pc.isp.com From: sip:alice@isp.com To: <sip:pizza@p1.isp.com>;tag=uas1 Call-ID: 12345600@alice-pc.isp.com CSeq: 1 INVITE The RTP flows begin and Carol answers "Hello, WeSellPizza. How may I help you?" Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 22 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 Alice now calls for roses: +---------------------------------------+ | WeSellFlowers@P4: CFTOD->nightserv@P3 | +-------------+-------------------------+ \ \ UAC P1 P4 P3 UAS1 (WeSellFlowers.com) (NightService.com) (ACD) | [1] | | | | |-INV roses@P1->| | | | | | | | | | | [2] INVITE WeSellFlowers@P4 | | | |--------------->| | | | | | | | | | [3] | | | | |<-302-----------| | | | | Contact: nightservice@P3 | | | | Diversion: WeSellFlowers@P4 | | | | ;reason="time-of-day" | | | | | | | | |--[4] ACK------>| | | | | | | | | | [5] | | | | |-INVITE nightservice@P3------------>| | | | Diversion: WeSellFlowers@P4 | | | | ;reason="time-of-day" | | | | | | | | | | | [6] | | | | -INV Carol@uas1----->| | | | Diversion: WeSellFlowers@P4 | | | ;reason="time-of-day" | | | | | | | |<-[7] 200------------| | |<-[8] 200---------------------------| | |<-[9] 200------| | | | | | | | | |--[10] ACK---------------------------------------------------------->| | | | | | |<======================================="Hello, WeSellFlowers"=======| | | | | | | | | | | Alice calls for roses. [1] SIP UAC to SIP proxy server 1: INVITE sip:roses@p1.isp.com SIP/2.0 Via: SIP/2.0/UDP alice-pc.isp.com From: sip:alice@isp.com To: sip:roses@p1.isp.com Call-ID: 12345600@alice-pc.isp.com CSeq: 1 INVITE Content-Type: application/sdp The ISP's originating proxy translated the keyword roses to the company WeSellFlowers.com Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 23 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 [2] SIP proxy server 1 to SIP proxy server 4 (WeSellFlowers.com): INVITE sip:WeSellFlowers@p4.isp.com SIP/2.0 Via: SIP/2.0/UDP p1.isp.com Via: SIP/2.0/UDP alice-pc.isp.com From: sip:alice@isp.com To: sip:roses@p1.isp.com Call-ID: 12345600@alice-pc.isp.com CSeq: 1 INVITE Content-Type: application/sdp It's now 1am and the florists are also in bed. Fortunately, WeSellFlowers.com has contracted with NightService.com to answer their nighttime calls, too. Thus, P4 implements CFTOD to to NightService.com. [3] SIP proxy server 4 (WeSellFlowers.com) to SIP proxy server 1 (NightService.com): SIP/2.0 302 Moved Temporarily Via: SIP/2.0/UDP p1.isp.com Via: SIP/2.0/UDP alice-pc.isp.com Contact: NightService@p3.isp.com From: sip:alice@isp.com To: <sip:roses@p1.isp.com>;tag=p4 Call-ID: 12345600@alice-pc.isp.com CSeq: 1 INVITE Diversion: <sip:WeSellFlowers@p4.isp.com> ;reason="time-of-day" [4] SIP proxy server 1 to SIP proxy server 4 (WeSellFlowers.com): ACK sip:uas1.nightservice.com SIP/2.0 Via: SIP/2.0/UDP alice-pc.isp.com From: sip:alice@isp.com To: <sip:roses@p1.isp.com>;tag=p4 Call-ID: 12345600@alice-pc.isp.com CSeq: 1 INVITE [5] SIP proxy server 1 (WeSellFlowers.com) to SIP proxy server 3 (NightService.com): INVITE sip:NightService@p3.isp.com SIP/2.0 Via: SIP/2.0/UDP p1.isp.com Via: SIP/2.0/UDP alice-pc.isp.com From: sip:alice@isp.com To: sip:roses@p1.isp.com Call-ID: 12345600@alice-pc.isp.com CSeq: 1 INVITE Diversion: <sip:WeSellFlowers@p4.isp.com> ;reason="time-of-day" Content-Type: application/sdp Carol is available to receive the incoming call. [6] SIP proxy server 3 (NightService.com) to UAS1 (Carol): INVITE sip:carol@uas1.nightservice.com SIP/2.0 Via: SIP/2.0/UDP p3.isp.com Via: SIP/2.0/UDP p1.isp.com Via: SIP/2.0/UDP alice-pc.isp.com From: sip:alice@isp.com To: sip:roses@p1.isp.com Call-ID: 12345600@alice-pc.isp.com CSeq: 1 INVITE Diversion: <sip:WeSellFlowers@p4.isp.com> ;reason="time-of-day" Content-Type: application/sdp The ACD keys off the Diversion header to pull up the WeSellFlowers FAQ on Carol's web browser. [7] SIP UAS1 to SIP proxy server 3: SIP/2.0 200 OK Via: SIP/2.0/UDP p3.isp.com Via: SIP/2.0/UDP p1.isp.com Via: SIP/2.0/UDP alice-pc.isp.com Contact: carol@uas1.nightservice.com From: sip:alice@isp.com To: <sip:roses@p1.isp.com>;tag=uas1 Call-ID: 12345600@alice-pc.isp.com CSeq: 1 INVITE Content-Type: application/sdp Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 24 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 [8] SIP proxy server 3 to SIP proxy server 1: SIP/2.0 200 OK Via: SIP/2.0/UDP p1.isp.com Via: SIP/2.0/UDP alice-pc.isp.com Contact: carol@uas1.nightservice.com From: sip:alice@isp.com To: <sip:roses@p1.isp.com>;tag=uas1 Call-ID: 12345600@alice-pc.isp.com CSeq: 1 INVITE Content-Type: application/sdp [9] SIP proxy server 1 to UAC SIP/2.0 200 OK Via: SIP/2.0/UDP alice-pc.isp.com Contact: carol@uas1.nightservice.com From: sip:alice@isp.com To: <sip:roses@p1.isp.com>;tag=uas1 Call-ID: 12345600@alice-pc.isp.com CSeq: 1 INVITE Content-Type: application/sdp [10] SIP UAC to SIP UAS1: ACK sip:uas1.nightservice.com SIP/2.0 Via: SIP/2.0/UDP alice-pc.isp.com From: sip:alice@isp.com To: <sip:roses@p1.isp.com>;tag=uas1 Call-ID: 12345600@alice-pc.isp.com CSeq: 1 INVITE The RTP flows begin and Carol answers "Hello, WeSellFlowers. How may I help you?" Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 25 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 9.2 Voicemail Service using Diversion header Bob has contracted his Voicemail to a third-party company, Voicemail.com. In this message flow, Bob has hit the Do-Not-Disturb button on his phone. The Do-Not-Disturb functionality of Bob's phone is configured to CFUNC (Call Forward Unconditional) to voicemail@isp.com. Because the Diversion header is used, Voicemail.com is able to place the incoming call into Bob's voice mailbox. +---------------------------------------------+ | Bob@UAS1: CFDoNotDisturb->voicemail@isp.com | +--------------------------------------+------+ \ \ UAC1 P1 P2 UAS1 UAS2 (Voicemail.com) | | | | | |--[1] INV Bob@P1->| | | | | | | | | | |--[2] INV Bob@P2->| | | | | | | | | | [3] INV Bob@uas1->| | | | | | | | | [4] <- 302-------| | | | Contact: voicemail@isp.com | | | Diversion: Bob@uas1 | | | ;reason="do-not-disturb" | | | | | | | | |[5] ACK------>| | | | | | | | |<-[6] 302---------| | | | | Contact: voicemail@isp.com | | | | Diversion: Bob@uas1 | | | | ;reason="do-not-disturb" | | | | | | | | |--[7] ACK-------->| | | |<-[8] 302---------| | | | | Contact: voicemail@isp.com | | | | Diversion: Bob@uas1 | | | | ;reason="do-not-disturb" | | | | | | | | |--[9] ACK-------->| | | | | | | | | |--[10] INVITE voicemail@isp.com------------------------------->| | Diversion: Bob@uas1 | | | | ;reason="do-not-disturb" | | | | | | | | |<--[11] 200----------------------------------------------------| | | | | | |---[12] ACK--------------------------------------------------->| | | | | | | | | | | Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 26 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 Alice calls Bob. [1] SIP UAC to SIP proxy server 1: INVITE sip:Bob@p1.isp.com SIP/2.0 Via: SIP/2.0/UDP alice-pc.isp.com From: sip:alice@isp.com To: sip:Bob@p1.isp.com Call-ID: 12345600@alice-pc.isp.com CSeq: 1 INVITE Content-Type: application/sdp The ISP's originating proxy routes the request to proxy 2 (P2) [2] SIP proxy server 1 to SIP proxy server 2: INVITE sip:Bob@p2.isp.com SIP/2.0 Via: SIP/2.0/UDP p1.isp.com Via: SIP/2.0/UDP alice-pc.isp.com From: sip:alice@isp.com To: sip:Bob@p1.isp.com Call-ID: 12345600@alice-pc.isp.com CSeq: 1 INVITE Content-Type: application/sdp [3] SIP proxy server 2 to UAS1 (Bob's SIP phone): INVITE sip:Bob@uas1.isp.com SIP/2.0 Via: SIP/2.0/UDP p2.isp.com Via: SIP/2.0/UDP p1.isp.com Via: SIP/2.0/UDP alice-pc.isp.com From: sip:alice@isp.com To: sip:Bob@p1.isp.com Call-ID: 12345600@alice-pc.isp.com CSeq: 1 INVITE Content-Type: application/sdp Since Bob had hit the Do-Not-Disturb button on his SIP phone, Bob's phone forwards the call to his voicemail service. [4] User agent server 1 (UAS1) to SIP proxy server 2 (P2) SIP/2.0 302 Moved Temporarily Via: SIP/2.0/UDP p2.isp.com Via: SIP/2.0/UDP p1.isp.com Via: SIP/2.0/UDP alice-pc.isp.com Contact: Voicemail@isp.com From: sip:alice@isp.com To: <sip:Bob@p1.isp.com>;tag=uas1 Call-ID: 12345600@alice-pc.isp.com CSeq: 1 INVITE Diversion: <sip:Bob@uas1.isp.com> ;reason="do-not-disturb" [5] SIP proxy server 2 to UAS1 (Bob's SIP phone): ACK sip:Bob@uas1.isp.com SIP/2.0 Via: SIP/2.0/UDP p2.isp.com From: sip:alice@isp.com To: <sip:Bob@p1.isp.com>;tag=uas1 Call-ID: 12345600@alice-pc.isp.com CSeq: 1 INVITE Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 27 nternet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 [6] SIP proxy server 2 (P2) to SIP proxy server 1 (P1): SIP/2.0 302 Moved Temporarily Via: SIP/2.0/UDP p1.isp.com Via: SIP/2.0/UDP alice-pc.isp.com Contact: Voicemail@isp.com From: sip:alice@isp.com To: <sip:Bob@p1.isp.com>;tag=uas1 Call-ID: 12345600@alice-pc.isp.com CSeq: 1 INVITE Diversion: <sip:Bob@uas1.isp.com> ;reason="do-not-disturb" [7] SIP proxy server 1 to SIP proxy server 2: ACK sip:Bob@p2.isp.com SIP/2.0 Via: SIP/2.0/UDP p1.isp.com From: sip:alice@isp.com To: <sip:Bob@p1.isp.com>;tag=uas1 Call-ID: 12345600@alice-pc.isp.com CSeq: 1 INVITE [8] SIP proxy server 1 (P1) to UAC (alice-pc): SIP/2.0 302 Moved Temporarily Via: SIP/2.0/UDP alice-pc.isp.com Contact: Voicemail@isp.com From: sip:alice@isp.com To: <sip:Bob@p1.isp.com>;tag=uas1 Call-ID: 12345600@alice-pc.isp.com CSeq: 1 INVITE Diversion: <sip:Bob@uas1.isp.com> ;reason="do-not-disturb" [9] SIP UAC to SIP proxy server 1: ACK sip:Bob@p1.isp.com SIP/2.0 Via: SIP/2.0/UDP alice-pc.isp.com From: sip:alice@isp.com To: <sip:Bob@p1.isp.com>;tag=uas1 Call-ID: 12345600@alice-pc.isp.com CSeq: 1 INVITE [10] SIP UAC (alice-pc) to Voicemail server. INVITE sip:Voicemail@isp.com SIP/2.0 Via: SIP/2.0/UDP alice-pc.isp.com From: sip:alice@isp.com To: sip:Bob@p1.isp.com Call-ID: 12345600@alice-pc.isp.com CSeq: 1 INVITE Diversion: <sip:Bob@uas1.isp.com> ;reason="do-not-disturb" Content-Type: application/sdp [11] Voicemail server to SIP UAC (alice-pc): SIP/2.0 200 OK Via: SIP/2.0/UDP alice-pc.isp.com Contact: Voicemail@isp.com From: sip:alice@isp.com To: <sip:Bob@p1.isp.com>;tag=uas2 Call-ID: 12345600@alice-pc.isp.com CSeq: 1 INVITE Content-Type: application/sdp Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 28 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 [12] SIP UAC to Voicemail server: ACK sip:Voicemail@isp.com SIP/2.0 Via: SIP/2.0/UDP alice-pc.isp.com From: sip:alice@isp.com To: <sip:Bob@p1.isp.com>;tag=uas2 Call-ID: 12345600@alice-pc.isp.com CSeq: 1 INVITE Because the Diversion header is present, the Voicemail server is able to place Alice's message into Bob's voice mailbox. 9.3 Q&A on alternative approaches Question 1: Why do we need the Diversion header when we can see the To: header? Answer: a) The To: header is not guaranteed to have significance to the called party. For example, the To: header may contain a locally significant URL (to the caller) such as a private numbering plan, speed dial digits, telephony escape digits, or telephony prefix digits. Without a Diversion header, enumerating all possible locally significant To: headers that anyone might use to contact Bob@uas1.isp.com becomes a configuration problem at Voicemail@isp.com and is prone to namespace collision. Support for Diversion headers enables Bob to contract a third-party service (Voicemail@isp.com) with a single globally significant URL for his voice mailbox (Bob@uas1.isp.com). b) Given a set of multiple diversions, there is a policy decision of which Diversion header takes precedence for service logic. Different services (or even different users for the same service) may want to configure this policy differently (first, last,second to last, etc). Question 2: Why do we need the Diversion header when we can see the Via: header? Answer: The Via header does not contain information about servers whom have deflected the call (using a 3xx). Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 29 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 10 Mapping ISUP/ISDN Redirection information to SIP Diversion header The discussions below regarding ISUP/ISDN reflect generic elements in ISUP/ISDN. In some variations of ISUP/ISDN, the information elements are represented differently. Regardless of the ISUP/ISDN variant, translation should be performed for the "first redirecting number" and the "last redirecting number". In order to prevent ambiguity, it is important to highlight a terminology mismatch between ISUP/ISDN and SIP. In SIP, a "redirect" indicates the act of returning a 3xx response. In ISUP/ISDN a "redirection" is diversion of a call by a network entity. In ISUP/ISDN a call may also be deflected (by an endpoint). Diversion is the more generic term which refers to either the act of an network redirection or endpoint deflection. In SIP, Diversion can be implemented as either an upstream 3xx (non-recursive) or an additionally forked downstream request (recursive). In the following text, a lower-case "redirect" indicates the SIP usage, while an uppercase "Redirect" indicates ISUP usage. 10.1 Mapping ISUP/ISDN Diversion Reason codes ISUP and ISDN define the following diversion reasons: 0000 = Unknown 0001 = Call forwarding busy or called DTE busy 0010 = Call forwarding no reply 1111 = Call forwarding unconditional or systematic call redirection 1010 = Call deflection or call forwarding by the called DTE 1001 = Call forwarding DTE out of order Mapping of ISUP/ISDN reason codes to Diversion reason codes is performed as follows: ISUP/ISDN reason code Diversion reason code 0001 "user-busy" 0010 "no-answer" 1111 "unconditional" 1010 "deflection" 1001 "unavailable" 0000 all others Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 30 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 10.2 Mapping ISUP Redirection information to SIP Diversion header This section describes how generic ISUP diversion information elements may be translated across an ISUP/SIP gateway. 10.2.1 ISUP Definitions Called party number The number of the party to which the call is currently being routed. Redirecting number The number to which the call was being routed when the last diversion occurred. Redirecting reason The reason that the last diversion occurred. Original called number The number to which the call was being routed when the first diversion occurred. Original redirecting reason The reason that the first diversion occurred. Redirection counter The count of the total number of diversions that have occurred. Address Presentation Indication of whether presentation is allowed or restricted. Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 31 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 10.2.2 ISUP parameters When a SIP call transits a SIP/ISUP gateway, the following information in the ISUP message should be examined/set when translating SIP Diversion headers to ISUP diversion information: 1) Redirecting Number 2) Redirecting reason 3) Redirecting address presentation 4) Original called number 5) Original redirecting reason 6) Original address presentation 7) Redirection counter. An ISUP message contains information on the first and last diversions that occurred. The Redirection Number is to which the call was being routed when the last diversion occurred. The Redirecting Reason is the reason that the last diversion occurred. The Original Called Number is the number to which the call was being routed when the first diversion occurred. The Original Redirecting Reason is the reason that the first diversion occurred. When only one Diversion has occurred, the number to which the call was being routed when the diversion occurred is in the Redirecting Number and the reason for that diversion is carried in the Redirect Reason. 10.2.3 ISUP to SIP translation The ISUP Redirecting Number SHOULD be used to set the value of the name-addr of the top-most Diversion header. The ISUP Redirecting Number address presentation SHOULD be used to set the value of the diversion-privacy of the top-most Diversion header. The ISUP Redirecting Reason SHOULD be used to set the value of the diversion-reason of the top-most Diversion header. When present, the Original Called Number SHOULD be used to set the name-addr of the bottom-most Diversion header. When present, the Original Redirecting Reason SHOULD be used to set the diversion-reason of the bottom-most Diversion header.When present, the Original address presentation SHOULD be used to set the diversion-privacy of the bottom-most Diversion header. The Redirect Counter value minus 1 SHOULD be stored in the diversion-counter associated with the top-most Diversion header. Presence of the diversion-counter for the bottom-most Diversion header is optional. If present the diversion-counter of the bottom-most Diversion header SHOULD be 1. Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 32 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 10.2.4 SIP to ISUP translation The name-addr of the top-most Diversion header SHOULD be used to set the ISUP Redirecting Number. The diversion-reason of the top-most Diversion header SHOULD be used to set the ISUP Redirecting Reason.The diversion-privacy of the top-most Diversion header SHOULD be used to set the ISUP Redirecting Address Presentation. When multiple Diversion headers are present, the name-addr of the bottom-most Diversion header SHOULD be used to set the ISUP Original Redirecting Number. When multiple Diversion headers are present, the diversion-reason of the bottom-most Diversion header SHOULD be used to set the ISUP Original Redirecting Reason. When multiple Diversion headers are present, the diversion-privacy of the bottom-most Diversion header SHOULD be used to set the ISUP Original Redirecting Address Presentation. The ISUP Redirection counter SHOULD be set equal to the sum of the counters of all Diversion headers in the SIP message. A Diversion header which does not explicitly specify a diversion-counter tag counts as 1. 10.2.5 Example of ISUP to SIP translation ISUP/SIP GW | --IAM--------------------------------->| Called Party Number =+19195551004 | Redirecting Number =+19195551002 | Address Presentation =presentation restricted Original Called Number =+19195551001 | RedirectionInformation: | Original redirecting reason = Unconditional (1111) Redirecting Reason = User busy (0001) Redirection counter = 5 | | |--INVITE +19195551004------> | Diversion: <tel:+19195551002> | ;reason="user-busy" | ;privacy="full" | ;counter=4 | Diversion: <tel:+19195551001> | ;reason="unconditional" | ;counter=1 | | Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 33 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 10.2.6 Example of SIP to ISUP translation ISUP/SIP GW | |<--INVITE +19195551004------ | Diversion: <tel:+19195551002> | ;reason="user-busy" | ;privacy="full" | ;counter=4 | Diversion: <tel:+19195551001> | ;reason="unconditional" | ;counter=1 | | | <--IAM---------------------------------| Called Party Number =+19195551004 | Redirecting Number =+19195551002 | Address Presentation =presentation restricted Original Called Number =+19195551001 | RedirectionInformation: | Original redirecting reason = Unconditional (1111) Redirecting Reason = User busy (0001) Redirection counter = 5 | 10.3 Mapping ISDN Redirection information to SIP Diversion header An ISDN message can contain up to two instances of a Redirecting number information element. When a diversion occurs, an additional Redirection number information element is added. When a third (or greater) diversion occurs, the new Redirecting number information element replaces the bottom-most Redirection number information element. Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 34 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 10.3.1 ISDN Definitions Called party number The number of the party to which the call is currently being routed. Redirecting number information element Aggregate information element which contains Redirecting number and Reason for diversion. Redirecting number The number to which the call was being routed when the last diversion occurred. Reason for diversion The reason that the last diversion occurred. Origin of Number Indicates whether number is user provided and screened or network provided Presentation Status Indicates if presentation is allowed or prohibited 10.3.2 ISDN parameters When a SIP call transits a SIP/ISDN gateway, the following information in the ISDN message should be examined/set when translating SIP Diversion headers to ISDN diversion information: 1) Redirecting number of the top-most Redirecting number information element 2) Reason for diversion of the top-most Redirection number information element 3) Origin of Number and Presentation Status of the top-most Redirection number information element 4) Redirection number of the bottom-most Redirection number information element 5) Reason for diversion of the bottom-most Redirection number information element. 6) Origin of Number and Presentation Status of the bottom-most Redirection number information element Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 35 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 An ISDN message contains information on the first and last diversions that occurred. The top-most Redirection number information element contains information (including the Redirecting number, Origin of Number, Presentation Status, and Reason for diversion) about the last diversion that occurred. The bottom-most Redirection number information element contains information (including the Redirecting number, Origin of Number, Presentation Status,and Reason for diversion) about the first diversion that occurred. If only one Diversion has occurred, only one Redirection number information element is present. The Redirecting Number information element has the same Type of Number/Numbering Plan, and Digits as the Calling Party Number information element. There is no Redirection counter associated with this ISDN information element. Notice that the order of the Redirection number information elements in an ISDN message (top=first, bottom=last) is reversed from the order of Diversion headers in a SIP message (top=last, bottom=first). 10.3.3 ISDN to SIP translation The Redirecting number of the top-most ISDN Redirecting number information element SHOULD be used to set the value of the name-addr of the bottom-most Diversion header. The Reason for Diversion of the top-most ISDN Redirecting number information element SHOULD be used to set the value of the diversion-reason of the bottom-most Diversion header. The Origin of Number of the top-most ISDN Redirecting number information element SHOULD be used to set the value of the diversion-screen of the bottom-most Diversion header. The Presentation Status of the top-most ISDN Redirecting number information element SHOULD be used to set the value of the diversion-privacy of the bottom-most Diversion header. The Redirecting number of the bottom-most ISDN Redirecting number information element SHOULD be used to set the value of the name-addr of the top-most Diversion header. The Reason for Diversion of the bottom-most ISDN Redirecting number information element SHOULD be used to set the value of the diversion-reason of the top-most Diversion header. The Origin of Number of the bottom-most ISDN Redirecting number information element SHOULD be used to set the value of the diversion-screen of the top-most Diversion header. The Presentation Status of the bottom-most ISDN Redirecting number information element SHOULD be used to set the value of the diversion-privacy of the top-most Diversion header. Presence of the diversion-counter in each of the Diversion headers is optional. If present, the diversion-counter of each Diversion header SHOULD be 1. Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 36 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 10.3.4 SIP to ISDN translation The name-addr of the top-most Diversion header SHOULD be used to set the Redirecting number of the bottom-most ISDN Redirecting number information element. The diversion-reason of the top-most Diversion header SHOULD be used to set the Reason for Diversion of the bottom-most ISDN Redirecting number information element. The diversion-screen of the top-most Diversion header SHOULD be used to set the Origin of Number of the bottom-most ISDN Redirecting number information element. The diversion-privacy of the top-most Diversion header SHOULD be used to set the Presentation Status of the bottom-most ISDN Redirecting number information element. The name-addr of the bottom-most Diversion header SHOULD be used to set the Redirecting number of the top-most ISDN Redirecting number information element. The diversion-reason of the bottom-most Diversion header SHOULD be used to set the Reason for Diversion of the top-most ISDN Redirecting number information element. The diversion-screen of the bottom-most Diversion header SHOULD be used to set the Origin of Number of the top-most ISDN Redirecting number information element. The diversion-privacy of the bottom-most Diversion header SHOULD be used to set the Presentation Status of the top-most ISDN Redirecting number information element. 10.3.5 Example of ISDN to SIP translation ISDN/SIP GW | --Setup------------------------------->| Called party number =+19195551004 Redirecting number information element: Redirecting number =+19195551001 Reason for redirection = Unconditional (1111) Origin of Number = passed network screening Presentation Status = presentation allowed Redirecting number information element: Redirecting number =+19195551002 Reason for redirection = User busy (0001) Origin of Number = passed network screening Presentation Status = presentation prohibited | |--INVITE tel:+19195551004----> | Diversion: <tel:+19195551002> | ;reason="user-busy" | ;screen="yes" | ;privacy="off" | Diversion: <tel:+19195551001> | ;reason="unconditional" | ;screen="yes" | ;privacy="full" | | Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 37 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 10.3.6 Example of SIP to ISDN translation ISDN/SIP GW | <--Setup-------------------------------| Called party number =+19195551004 Redirecting number information element: Redirecting number =+19195551001 Reason for redirection = Unconditional (1111) Origin of Number = passed network screening Presentation Status = presentation allowed Redirecting number information element: Redirecting number =+19195551002 Reason for redirection = User busy (0001) Origin of Number = passed network screening Presentation Status = presentation prhibited | |<--INVITE tel:+19195551004---- | Diversion: <tel:+19195551002> | ;reason="user-busy" | ;screen="yes" | ;privacy="off | Diversion: <tel:+19195551001> | ;reason="unconditional" | ;screen="yes" | ;privacy="full" | 10.4 Information loss in SIP to ISUP/ISDN translation Because ISUP and ISDN only support a subset of the information in a SIP Diversion header, information loss occurs during translation at a SIP/ISUP or SIP/ISDN boundary. 10.4.1 Loss of diversion URI information Because ISUP and ISDN only support a subset of URI types, (specifically tel: URIs and sip:x@y;user=phone URIs) Diversion information occurring for other URI types may be lost when crossing from SIP to ISDN or ISUP. 10.4.2 Loss of diversion reason information Because ISUP and ISDN only support a subset of the reason codes supported by the Diversion header, specific reason code information may be lost when crossing from SIP to ISDN or ISUP. 10.4.3 Loss of diversion counter information Because ISDN does not support a counter field (indicating the number of diversions that have occurred), counter information may be lost when crossing from SIP to ISDN. Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 38 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 11 Acknowledgments We would like to thank David Williams, Ameet Kher, Satya Khatter, Manoj Bhatia, Shail Bhatnagar, Denise Caballero-Mccann, Kara Adams, and Charles Eckel of Cisco Systems and Bert Culpepper of InterVoice-Brite for their insights, inputs, and comments. 12 References [SIP] J. Rosenberg, et al. "SIP: Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 3261, June 2002. [REQ] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels," RFC-2119, March 1997. Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 39 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004 Authors' Addresses Steve Levy Cisco Systems 7025 Kit Creek Road P.O. Box 14987 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA Email: stlevy@cisco.com Bryan J. Byerly Cisco Systems 7025 Kit Creek Road P.O. Box 14987 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA Email: byerly@cisco.com J. R. Yang Cisco Systems 7025 Kit Creek Road P.O. Box 14987 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA Email: jryang@cisco.com Levy/Byerly/Yang draft-levy-sip-diversion-07.txt Page 40 Internet Draft Diversion Indication in SIP January 2004