KITTEN                                                          W. Mills
Internet-Draft                                              T. Showalter
Intended status: Standards Track                             Yahoo! Inc.
Expires: January 2, 2012                                   H. Tschofenig
                                                  Nokia Siemens Networks
                                                            July 1, 2011


                 Tunneled HTTP Authentication For SASL
                  draft-mills-kitten-sasl-oauth-03.txt

Abstract

   Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL) is a framework for
   providing authentication and data security services in connection-
   oriented protocols via replaceable mechanisms.  OAuth is a protocol
   framework for delegated HTTP authentication and thereby provides a
   method for clients to access a protected resource on behalf of a
   resource owner.

   This document defines the use of HTTP authentication over SASL, and
   additionally defines authorization and token issuing endpoint
   discovery.  Thereby, it enables schemes defined within the OAuth
   framework for non-HTTP-based application protocols.

   A significant benefit of OAuth for usage in clients that usually
   store passwords is storing tokens instead of passwords.  This is much
   lower risk since tokens can be more limited in scope of access and
   can be managed and revoked separately from the user credential
   (password).

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on January 2, 2012.




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Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2011 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.


Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   2.  Terminology  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
   3.  The OAuth SASL Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
     3.1.  Channel Binding  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
       3.1.1.  Generating channel binding data to be exchanged  . . .  7
     3.2.  Initial Client Response  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
       3.2.1.  Query String in OAUTH-PLUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
     3.3.  Server's Response  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
       3.3.1.  Mapping to SASL Identities . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
     3.4.  Discovery Information  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
     3.5.  Use of Signature Type Authorization  . . . . . . . . . . . 11
   4.  Implementation Requirements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
   5.  Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
     5.1.  Successful Bearer Token Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
     5.2.  MAC Authentication with  Channel Binding . . . . . . . . . 14
     5.3.  Failed Exchange  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
     5.4.  Failed Channel Binding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
   6.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
   7.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
     7.1.  SASL Registration  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
     7.2.  Link Type Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
       7.2.1.  OAuth 2 Authentication Endpoint  . . . . . . . . . . . 18
       7.2.2.  OAuth 2 Token Endpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
       7.2.3.  OAuth 1.0a Request Initiation Endpoint . . . . . . . . 19
       7.2.4.  OAuth 1.0a Authorization Endpoint  . . . . . . . . . . 19
       7.2.5.  OAuth 1.0a Token Endpoint  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
   8.  Appendix A -- Document History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
   9.  References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
     9.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
     9.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23



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   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24


















































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1.  Introduction

   OAuth [I-D.ietf-oauth-v2] offers a standard mechanism for delegating
   authentication typically used for the purpose of control access to
   resources.  The core OAuth specification defines a framework for
   authentication and token usage in an HTTP-based environment.  The
   HTTP authorization schemes and tokens in this model are defined
   separately, some are defined within the OAuth 2 framework such as
   OAuth 2.0 Protocol: Bearer Tokens [I-D.ietf-oauth-v2-bearer], and
   some are free standing with OAuth 2 framework bindings such as MAC
   Authentication [I-D.hammer-oauth-v2-mac-token] tokens.  This
   mechanism takes advantage of the OAuth protocol and infrastructure to
   provide a way to use SASL [RFC4422] for access to resources for non-
   HTTP-based protocols such as IMAP [RFC3501], which is what this memo
   uses in the examples.

   The general authentication flow is that the application will first
   obtain an access token from an OAuth token service for the resource.
   Once the client has obtained an OAuth access token it then connects
   and authenticated using this SASL mechanism.

   Figure 1 shows the relationship between SASL and OAuth graphically.
   Item (1) denotes the part of the OAuth exchange that remains
   unchanged from [I-D.ietf-oauth-v2], i.e. where the client obtains and
   refreshes Access Tokens.  This document focuses on item (2) where the
   Access Token is presented to the resource server over SASL.

























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                                                              ----+
   +--------+                                  +---------------+  |
   |        |--(C)-- Authorization Request --->|   Resource    |  |
   |        |                                  |     Owner     |  |Plain
   |        |<-(D)------ Access Grant ---------|               |  |OAuth
   |        |                                  +---------------+  |2.0
   |        |                                                     |(1)
   |        |         Client Credentials &     +---------------+  |
   |        |--(E)------ Access Grant -------->| Authorization |  |
   | Client |                                  |     Server    |  |
   |        |<-(F)------ Access Token ---------|               |  |
   |        |      (w/ Optional Refresh Token) +---------------+  |
   |        |                                                 ----+
   |        |
   |        |                                                 ----+
   |        |        (Optional discovery)      +---------------+  |
   |        |--(A)------- User Name  --------->|               |  |
   | Client |                                  |               |  |
   |        |<-(B)------ Authentication -------|               |  |
   |        |          endpoint information    |    Resource   |  |OAuth
   |        |                                  |     Server    |  |over
   |        |--(G)------ Access Token -------->|               |  |SASL
   |        |                                  |               |  |
   |        |<-(H)---- Protected Resource -----|               |  |(2)
   +--------+                                  +---------------+  |
                                                              ----+

                    Figure 1: Interworking Architecture

      Note: The discovery procedure in OAuth is still work in progress.
      Hence, the discovery components described in this document should
      be considered incomplete and a tentative proposal.  In general,
      there is a trade off between a generic, externally available
      defined discovery mechanisms (such as Webfinger using host-meta
      [I-D.hammer-hostmeta]) and configuration information exchanged in
      band between the protocol endpoints.















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2.  Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

   The reader is assumed to be familiar with the terms used in the OAuth
   2.0 specification.

   In examples, "C:" and "S:" indicate lines sent by the client and
   server respectively.  Line breaks have been inserted for readability.

   Note that the IMAP SASL specification requires base64 encoding
   message, not this memo.





































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3.  The OAuth SASL Mechanism

   SASL is used as a generalized authentication method in a variety of
   protocols.  This document defines the "OAUTH" mechanism to allow HTTP
   Authorization schemes in the OAuth framework to be used within the
   SASL framework.  In this model a client authenticates to an OAuth-
   capable authorization server over HTTPS.  This server then issues
   tokens after successfully authenticating the resource owner.
   Subsequently, the obtained token may be presented in an OAuth-
   authenticated request to the resource server.  This mechanism further
   provides compatibility with OAuth 1.0a [RFC5849] and the "OAuth"
   authentication scheme defined there.

3.1.  Channel Binding

   [[TODO: make this -PLUS not -SSL since if you support CB you have to
   support all types.]]

   Channel binding [RFC5056] in this mechanism is defined in order to
   allow satisfying the security requirements of the authorization
   schemes used.  This document defines the "OAUTH-PLUS" mechanism to
   provide channel binding for the OAUTH mechanism.

   If the specification for the underlying authorization scheme requires
   a security layer such as TLS [RFC5246] the server SHOULD only provide
   that scheme in a mechanism with channel binding enabled.

3.1.1.  Generating channel binding data to be exchanged

   The channel binding data is computed by the client based on it's
   choice of preferred channel binding type.  As specified in [RFC5056]
   the channel binding information must start with the channel binding
   unique prefix followed by a colon (ASCII 0x3A), this is followed by
   base64 encoded channel binding payload.  The channel binding payload
   is the raw data from the channel binding type if the raw channel
   binding data is less than 500 bytes, if 500 bytes or larger the
   channel binding payload is a SHA-1 [RFC3174] hash of the raw channel
   binding data.

3.1.1.1.  Use cases of generating channel binding data

   If the client is using tls-unique for channel binding then the raw
   channel binding data is the first TLS finished message.  This is
   under the 500 byte limit, so the channel binding payload sent to the
   server would be the base64 encoded first TLS finished message.

   In the case where the client has chosen tls-endpoint, the raw channel
   binding data is the certificate of the server the client connected



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   to.  This will frequently be 500 bytes or more, and if it is then the
   channel binding payload is the base64 encoded SHA-1 hash of the
   server certificate.

3.2.  Initial Client Response

   The client response is formatted as an HTTP [RFC2616] request.  The
   HTTP request is limited in that the path MUST be "/".  In the OAUTH
   mechanism no query string is allowed.  The following header lines are
   defined in the client response:



      User (OPTIONAL):  Contains the user identifier being
         authenticated, and is provided to allow correct discovery
         information to be returned.

      Host (REQUIRED):  Contains the host name to which the client
         connected.

      Authorization (REQUIRED):  An HTTP Authorization header..

   The user name is provided by the client to allow the discovery
   information to be customized for the user, a given server could allow
   multiple authenticators and it needs to return the correct one.  For
   instance, a large ISP could provide mail service for several domains
   who manage their own user information.  For instance, users at foo-
   example.com could be authenticated by an OAuth service at
   https://oauth.foo-example.com/, and users at bar-example.com could be
   authenticated by https://oauth.bar-example.com, but both could be
   served by a hypothetical IMAP server running at a third domain,
   imap.example.net.

3.2.1.  Query String in OAUTH-PLUS

   In the OAUTH-PLUS mechanism the channel binding information is
   carried in the query string.  OAUTH-PLUS defines following query
   parameter(s):



      cbdata (REQUIRED):  Contains the base64 encoded channel binding
         data, properly escaped as an HTML query parameter value.








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3.3.  Server's Response

   The server validates the response per the specification for the
   authorization scheme used.  If the authorization scheme used includes
   signing of the request parameters the client must provide a complete
   HTTP style request that satisfies the data requirements for the
   scheme in use.

   In the OAUTH-PLUS mechanism the server examines the channel binding
   data, extracts the channel binding unique prefix, and extracts the
   raw channel biding data based on the channel binding type used.  It
   then computes it's own copy of the channel binding payload and
   compares that to the payload sent by the client in the query
   parameters of the tunneled HTTP request.  Those two must be equal for
   channel binding to succeed.

   The server responds to a successful OAuth authentication by
   completing the SASL negotiation.  The authentication scheme MUST
   carry the user ID to be used as the authorization identity (identity
   to act as).  The server MUST use that ID as the user being
   authorized, that is the user assertion we accept and not other
   information such as from the URL or "User:" header.

   The server responds to failed authentication by sending discovery
   information in an HTTP style response with the HTTP status code set
   to 401, and then failing the authentication.

   If channel binding is in use and the channel binding fails the server
   responds with a minimal HTTP response without discovery information
   and the HTTP status code set to 412 to indicate that the channel
   binding precondition failed.  If the authentication scheme in use
   does not include signing the server SHOULD revoke the presented
   credential and the client SHOULD discard that credential.

3.3.1.  Mapping to SASL Identities

   Some OAuth mechanisms can provide both an authorization identity and
   an authentication identity.  An example of this is OAuth 1.0a
   [RFC5849] where the consumer key (oauth_consumer_key) identifies the
   entity using to token which equates to the SASL authentication
   identity, and is authenticated using the shared secret.  The
   authorization identity in the OAuth 1.0a case is carried in the token
   (per the requirement above), which SHOULD validated independently.
   The server MAY use a consumer key or other comparable identity in the
   OAuth authorization scheme as the SASL authentication identity.  If
   an appropriate authentication identity is not available the server
   MUST use the identity asserted in the token.




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3.4.  Discovery Information

   The server MUST send discovery information in response to a failed
   authentication exchange or a request with an empty Authorization
   header.  If discovery information is returned it MUST include an
   authentication endpoint appropriate for the user.  If the "User"
   header is present the discovery information MUST be for that user.
   Discovery information is provided by the server to the client to
   allow a client to discover the appropriate OAuth authentication and
   token endpoints.  The client then uses that information to obtain the
   access token needed for OAuth authentication.  The client SHOULD
   cache and re-use the user specific discovery information for service
   endpoints.

   Discovery information makes use of both the WWW-Authenticate header
   as defined in HTTP Authentication: Basic and Digest Access
   Authentication [RFC2617] and Link headers as defined in [RFC5988].
   The following elements are defined for discovery information:

   WWW-Authenticate  A WWW-Authenticate header for each authentication
      scheme supported by the server.  Authentication scheme names are
      case insensitive.  The following [RFC2617] authentication
      parameters are defined:

      realm  REQUIRED -- (as defined by RFC2617)

      scope  OPTIONAL -- A quoted string.  This provides the client an
         OAuth 2 scope known to be valid for the resource.

   oauth2-authenticator  An [RFC5988] Link header specifying the
      [I-D.ietf-oauth-v2] authentication endpoint.  This link has an
      OPTIONAL link-extension "scheme", if included this link applies
      ONLY to the specified scheme.

   oauth2-token  An [RFC5988] Link header specifying the
      [I-D.ietf-oauth-v2] token endpoint.  This link has an OPTIONAL
      link-extension "scheme", if included this link applies ONLY to the
      specified scheme.

   oauth-initiate  (Optional) An [RFC5988] Link header specifying the
      Oauth 1.0a [RFC5849] initiation endpoint.  The server MUST send
      this if "OAuth" is included in the supported list of HTTP
      authentication schemes for the server.

   oauth-authorize  (Optional) An [RFC5988] Link header specifying the
      Oauth 1.0a [RFC5849] authentication endpoint.  The server MUST
      send this if "OAuth" is included in the supported list of HTTP
      authentication schemes for the server.



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   oauth-token  (Optional) An [RFC5988] Link header specifying the Oauth
      1.0a [RFC5849] token endpoint.  The server MUST send this if
      "OAuth" is included in the supported list of HTTP authentication
      schemes for the server.  This link type has one link-extension
      "grant-types" which is a space separated list of the the OAuth 2.0
      grant types that can be used at the token endpoint to obtain a
      token.

   Usage of the URLs provided in the discovery information is defined in
   the relevant specifications.  If the server supports multiple
   authenticators the discovery information returned for unknown users
   MUST be consistent with the discovery information for known users to
   prevent user enumeration.  The OAuth 2.0 specification
   [I-D.ietf-oauth-v2] supports multiple types of authentication schemes
   and the server MUST specify at least one supported authentication
   scheme in the discovery information.  The server MAY support multiple
   schemes and MAY support schemes not listed in the discovery
   information.

   If the resource server provides a scope the client SHOULD always
   request scoped tokens from the token endpoint.  The client MAY use a
   scope other than the one provided by the resource server.  Scopes
   other than those advertised by the resource server must be defined by
   the resource owner and provided in service documentation (which is
   beyond the scope of this memo).

3.5.  Use of Signature Type Authorization

   This mechanism supports authorization using signatures, which
   requires that both client and server construct the string to be
   signed.  OAuth 2 is designed for authentication/authorization to
   access specific URIs.  SASL is designed for user authentication, and
   has no facility for being more specific.  In this mechanism we
   require an HTTP style format specifically to support signature type
   authentication, but this is extremely limited.  The HTTP style
   request is limited to a path of "/".  This mechanism is in the SASL
   model, but is designed so that no changes are needed if there is a
   revision of SASL which supports more specific resource authorization,
   e.g.  IMAP access to a specific folder or FTP access limited to a
   specific directory.

   Using the example in the MAC specification
   [I-D.hammer-oauth-v2-mac-token] as a starting point, on an IMAP
   server running on port 143 and given the MAC style authorization
   request (with long lines wrapped for readability) below:






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GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: server.example.com
User: user@example.com
Authorization: MAC token="h480djs93hd8",timestamp="137131200",
               nonce="dj83hs9s",signature="YTVjyNSujYs1WsDurFnvFi4JK6o="


   The normalized request string would be constructed per the MAC
   specifcation [I-D.hammer-oauth-v2-mac-token].  In this example the
   normalized request string with the new line separator character is
   represented by "\n" for display purposes only would be:

   h480djs93hi8\n
   137131200\n
   dj83hs9s\n
   \n
   GET\n
   server.example.com\n
   143\n
   /\n
   \n






























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4.  Implementation Requirements

   Tokens typically have a restricted lifetime.  In addition a
   previously obtained token MAY be revoked or rendered invalid at any
   time.  The client MAY request a new access token for each connection
   to a resource server, but it SHOULD cache and re-use access
   credentials that appear to be valid.  Credential lifetime and how
   that is communicated to the client is defined in the authentication
   scheme specifications.  Clients MAY implement any of the OAuth 2
   profiles since they are largely outside the scope of this
   specification, and the mentioned profiles in this document are just
   examples.







































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5.  Examples

   These example illustrate exchanges between an IMAP client and an IMAP
   server.

5.1.  Successful Bearer Token Exchange

   This example shows a successful OAuth 2.0 bearer token exchange with
   an initial client response.  Note that line breaks are inserted for
   readability.


   S: * IMAP4rev1 Server Ready
   C: t0 CAPABILITY
   S: * CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1 AUTH=OAUTH
   S: t0 OK Completed
   C: t1 AUTHENTICATE OAUTH R0VUIC8gSFRUUC8xLjENCkhvc3Q6IGltYXAuZXhhbXBs
         ZS5jb20NCkF1dGhvcml6YXRpb246IEJFQVJFUiAidkY5ZGZ0NHFtVGMyTnZiM1J
         sY2tCaGJIUmhkbWx6ZEdFdVkyOXRDZz09Ig0KDQo=
   S: +
   S: t1 OK SASL authentication succeeded

   As required by IMAP [RFC3501], the payloads are base64-encoded.  The
   decoded initial client response is:

   GET / HTTP/1.1
   Host: imap.example.com
   Authorization: BEARER "vF9dft4qmTc2Nvb3RlckBhbHRhdmlzdGEuY29tCg=="

   The line containing just a "+" and a space is an empty response from
   the server.  This response contains discovery information, and in the
   success case no discovery information is necessary so the response is
   empty.  Like other messages, and in accordance with the IMAP SASL
   binding, the empty response is base64-encoded.

5.2.  MAC Authentication with  Channel Binding

   This example shows a channel binding failure.  The example sends the
   same request as above, but in the context of an OAUTH-PLUS exchange
   the channel binding information is missing.  Note that line breaks
   are inserted for readability.










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S: * CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1 AUTH=OAUTH SASL-IR IMAP4rev1 Server Ready
S: t0 OK Completed
C: t1 AUTHENTICATE MAC R0VUIC8/Y2JkYXRhPSJTRzkzSUdKcFp5QnBjeUJoSUZSTVV5Q
   m1hVzVoYkNCdFpYTnpZV2RsUHdvPSIgSFRUUC8xLjENCkhvc3Q6IHNlcnZlci5leGFtcG
   xlLmNvbQ0KVXNlcjogdXNlckBleGFtcGxlLmNvbQ0KQXV0aG9yaXphdGlvbjogTUFDIHR
   va2VuPSJoNDgwZGpzOTNoZDgiLHRpbWVzdGFtcD0iMTM3MTMxMjAwIixub25jZT0iZGo4
   M2hzOXMiLHNpZ25hdHVyZT0iV1c5MUlHMTFjM1FnWW1VZ1ltOXlaV1F1SUFvPSINCg0K
S: +
S: t1 OK SASL authentication succeeded

   As required by IMAP [RFC3501], the payloads are base64-encoded.  The
   decoded initial client response is:

GET /?cbdata="SG93IGJpZyBpcyBhIFRMUyBmaW5hbCBtZXNzYWdlPwo=" HTTP/1.1
Host: server.example.com
User: user@example.com
Authorization: MAC token="h480djs93hd8",timestamp="137131200",
               nonce="dj83hs9s",signature="WW91IG11c3QgYmUgYm9yZWQuIAo="

   The line conaining just a "+" and a space is an empty response from
   the server.  This response contains discovery information, and in the
   success case no discovery information is necessary so the response is
   empty.  Like other messages, and in accordance with the IMAP SASL
   binding, the empty response is base64-encoded.

5.3.  Failed Exchange

   This example shows a failed exchange because of the empty
   Authorization header, which is how a client can query for discovery
   information.  Note that line breaks are inserted for readability.


   S: * CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1 AUTH=OAUTH SASL-IR IMAP4rev1 Server Ready
   S: t0 OK Completed
   C: t1 AUTHENTICATE OAUTH R0VUIC8gSFRUUC8xLjENClVzZXI6IHNjb290ZXJAYW
      x0YXZpc3RhLmNvbQ0KSG9zdDogaW1hcC55YWhvby5jb20NCkF1dGhlbnRpY2F0ZT
      ogDQoNCg==
   S: + SFRUUC8xLjEgNDAxIFVuYXV0aG9yaXplZA0KV1dXLUF1dGhlbnRpY2F0ZTogQk
      VBUkVSIHJlYWxtPSJleGFtcGxlLmNvbSINCkxpbms6IDxodHRwczovL2xvZ2luLn
      lhaG9vLmNvbS9vYXV0aD4gcmVsPSJvYXV0aDItYXV0aGVudGljYXRvciIgIA0KTG
      luazogPGh0dHBzOi8vbG9naW4ueWFob28uY29tL29hdXRoPiByZWw9Im91YXRoMi
      10b2tlbiINCg0K
   S: t1 NO SASL authentication failed

   The decoded initial client response is:






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   GET / HTTP/1.1
   User: alice@example.com
   Host: imap.example.com
   Authorization:

   The decoded server discovery response is:

   HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
   WWW-Authenticate: BEARER realm="example.com"
   Link: <https://login.example.com/oauth> rel="oauth2-authenticator"
   Link: <https://login.example.com/oauth> rel="oauth2-token"

5.4.  Failed Channel Binding

   This example shows a channel binding failure in a discovery request.
   The channel binding information is empty.  Note that line breaks are
   inserted for readability.


   S: * CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1 AUTH=OAUTH SASL-IR IMAP4rev1 Server Ready
   S: t0 OK Completed
   C: t1 AUTHENTICATE OAUTH R0VUIC8/Y2JkYXRhPSIiIEhUVFAvMS4xDQpVc2VyOi
      BhbGljZUBleGFtcGxlLmNvbQ0KSG9zdDogaW1hcC5leGFtcGxlLmNvbQ0KQXV0aG
      9yaXphdGlvbjoNCg0K
   S: + SFRUUC8xLjEgNDEyIFByZWNvbmRpdGlvbiBGYWlsZWQNCg0KDQo=
   S: t1 NO SASL authentication failed

   The decoded initial client response is:

   GET /?cbdata="" HTTP/1.1
   User: alice@example.com
   Host: imap.example.com
   Authorization:

   The decoded server response is:

   HTTP/1.1 412 Precondition Failed














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6.  Security Considerations

   This mechanism does not provide a security layer, but does provide a
   provision for channel binding.  The OAuth 2 specification
   [I-D.ietf-oauth-v2] allows for a variety of usages, and the security
   properties of these profiles vary.  The usage of bearer tokens, for
   example, provide security features similar to cookies.  Applications
   using this mechanism SHOULD exercise the same level of care using
   this mechanism as they would in using the SASL PLAIN mechanism.  In
   particular, TLS 1.2 or an equivalent secure channel MUST be
   implemented and its usage is RECOMMENDED.

   Channel binding in this mechanism has different properties based on
   the authentication scheme used.  Bearer tokens have the same
   properties as cookies, and the bearer token authentication scheme has
   no signature or message integrity.  Channel binding to TLS with a
   bearer token provides only a binding to the TLS layer.
   Authentication schemes like MAC tokens have a signature over the
   channel binding information.  These provide additional protection
   against a man in the middle, and the MAC authorization header is
   bound to the channel and only valid in that context.

   It is possible that SASL will be authenticating a connection and the
   life of that connection may outlast the life of the token used to
   authenticate it.  This is a common problem in application protocols
   where connections are long-lived, and not a problem with this
   mechanism per se.  Servers MAY unilaterally disconnect clients in
   accordance with the application protocol.

   An OAuth credential is not equivalent to the password or primary
   account credential.  There are protocols like XMPP that allow actions
   like change password.  The server SHOULD ensure that actions taken in
   the authenticated channel are appropriate to the strength of the
   presented credential.

   It is possible for an application server running on Evil.example.com
   to tell a client to request a token from Good.example.org.  A client
   following these instructions will pass a token from Good to Evil.
   This is by design, since it is possible that Good and Evil are merely
   names, not descriptive, and that this is an innocuous activity
   between cooperating two servers in different domains.  For instance,
   a site might operate their authentication service in-house, but
   outsource their mail systems to an external entity.








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7.  IANA Considerations

7.1.  SASL Registration

   The IANA is requested to register the following SASL profile:

      SASL mechanism profile: OAUTH

      Security Considerations: See this document

      Published Specification: See this document

      For further information: Contact the authors of this document.

      Owner/Change controller: the IETF

      Note: None

   The IANA is requested to register the following SASL profile:

      SASL mechanism profile: OAUTH-PLUS

      Security Considerations: See this document

      Published Specification: See this document

      For further information: Contact the authors of this document.

      Owner/Change controller: the IETF

      Note: None

7.2.  Link Type Registration

   Pursuant to [RFC5988] The following link type registrations [[will
   be]] registered by mail to link-relations@ietf.org.

7.2.1.  OAuth 2 Authentication Endpoint

   o  Relation Name: oauth2-authenticator

   o  Description: An OAuth 2.0 authentication endpoint.

   o  Reference:

   o  Notes: This link type indicates an OAuth 2.0 authentication
      endpoint that can be used for user authentication/authorization
      for the endpoint providing the link.



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   o  Application Data: [optional]

7.2.2.  OAuth 2 Token Endpoint

   o  Relation Name: oauth2-token

   o  Description: The OAuth token endpoint used to get tokens for
      access.

   o  Reference:

   o  Notes: The OAuth 2.0 token endpoint to be used for obtaining
      tokens to access the endpoint providing the link.

   o  Application Data: This link type has one link-extension "grant-
      types" which is the OAuth 2.0 grant types that can be used at the
      token endpoint to obtain a token.  This is not an exclusive list,
      it provides a hint to the application of what SHOULD be valid.  A
      token endpoint MAY support additional grant types not advertised
      by a resource endpoint.

7.2.3.  OAuth 1.0a Request Initiation Endpoint

   o  Relation Name: oauth-initiate

   o  Description: The OAuth 1.0a request initiation endpoint used to
      get tokens for access.

   o  Reference:

   o  Notes: The OAuth 1.0a endpoint used to initiate the sequence, this
      temporary request is what the user approves to grant access to the
      resource.

   o  Application Data:

7.2.4.  OAuth 1.0a Authorization Endpoint

   o  Relation Name: oauth-authorize

   o  Description: The OAuth 1.0a authorization endpoint used to approve
      an access request.

   o  Reference:

   o  Notes:





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   o  Application Data:

7.2.5.  OAuth 1.0a Token Endpoint

   o  Relation Name: oauth-token

   o  Description: The OAuth 1.0a token endpoint used to get tokens for
      access.

   o  Reference:

   o  Notes:

   o  Application Data:





































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8.  Appendix A -- Document History

   [[ to be removed by RFC editor before publication as an RFC ]]

   -03

   o  Fixing channel binding, not tls-unique specific.  Also defining
      how the CB data is properly generated.

   o  Various small editorial changes and embarassing spelling fixes.

   -02

   o  Filling out Channel Binding

   o  Added text clarifying how to bind to the 2 kinds of SASL
      identities.

   -01

   o  Bringing this into line with draft 12 of the core spec, the bearer
      token spec, and references the MAC token spec

   o  Changing discovery over to using the Link header construct from
      RFC5988.

   o  Added the seeds of channel binding.

   -00

   o  Initial revision




















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9.  References

9.1.  Normative References

   [I-D.hammer-oauth-v2-mac-token]
              Hammer-Lahav, E., "HTTP Authentication: MAC
              Authentication", draft-hammer-oauth-v2-mac-token-02 (work
              in progress), January 2011.

   [I-D.ietf-oauth-v2]
              Hammer-Lahav, E., Recordon, D., and D. Hardt, "The OAuth
              2.0 Authorization Protocol", draft-ietf-oauth-v2-12 (work
              in progress), January 2011.

   [I-D.ietf-oauth-v2-bearer]
              Jones, M., Hardt, D., and D. Recordon, "The OAuth 2.0
              Protocol: Bearer Tokens", draft-ietf-oauth-v2-bearer-02
              (work in progress), January 2011.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC2616]  Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H.,
              Masinter, L., Leach, P., and T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext
              Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1", RFC 2616, June 1999.

   [RFC2617]  Franks, J., Hallam-Baker, P., Hostetler, J., Lawrence, S.,
              Leach, P., Luotonen, A., and L. Stewart, "HTTP
              Authentication: Basic and Digest Access Authentication",
              RFC 2617, June 1999.

   [RFC3174]  Eastlake, D. and P. Jones, "US Secure Hash Algorithm 1
              (SHA1)", RFC 3174, September 2001.

   [RFC4422]  Melnikov, A. and K. Zeilenga, "Simple Authentication and
              Security Layer (SASL)", RFC 4422, June 2006.

   [RFC5056]  Williams, N., "On the Use of Channel Bindings to Secure
              Channels", RFC 5056, November 2007.

   [RFC5246]  Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security
              (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2", RFC 5246, August 2008.

   [RFC5849]  Hammer-Lahav, E., "The OAuth 1.0 Protocol", RFC 5849,
              April 2010.

   [RFC5929]  Altman, J., Williams, N., and L. Zhu, "Channel Bindings
              for TLS", RFC 5929, July 2010.



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   [RFC5988]  Nottingham, M., "Web Linking", RFC 5988, October 2010.

9.2.  Informative References

   [I-D.hammer-hostmeta]
              Hammer-Lahav, E. and B. Cook, "Web Host Metadata",
              draft-hammer-hostmeta-16 (work in progress), May 2011.

   [RFC3501]  Crispin, M., "INTERNET MESSAGE ACCESS PROTOCOL - VERSION
              4rev1", RFC 3501, March 2003.









































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Authors' Addresses

   William Mills
   Yahoo! Inc.


   Phone:
   Email: wmills@yahoo-inc.com


   Tim Showalter
   Yahoo! Inc.


   Phone:
   Email: timshow@yahoo-inc.com


   Hannes Tschofenig
   Nokia Siemens Networks
   Linnoitustie 6
   Espoo  02600
   Finland

   Phone: +358 (50) 4871445
   Email: Hannes.Tschofenig@gmx.net
   URI:   http://www.tschofenig.priv.at
























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