Network Working Group
Internet-Draft J. Parello
Intended Status: Informational Cisco Systems, Inc.
Expires: May 21, 2012 October 21, 2012
Energy Management Terminology
draft-parello-eman-definitions-07
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Abstract
This document contains definitions and terms used in
the Energy Management Working Group. Each term
contains a definition(s), example, and reference to a
normative, informative or well know source. Terms
originating in this draft should be either composed of
or adapted from other terms in the draft with a
source. The defined terms will then be used in other
drafts as defined here.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction.......................................... 4
2. Terminology........................................... 5
Device................................................ 5
Component............................................. 5
Energy Management..................................... 5
Energy Management System (EnMS)....................... 6
ISO Energy Management System.......................... 7
Energy................................................ 7
Power................................................. 7
Demand................................................ 7
Power Characteristics................................. 8
Power Quality......................................... 8
Electrical Equipment.................................. 9
Non-Electrical Equipment (Mechanical Equipment)....... 9
Energy Object......................................... 9
Electrical Energy Object.............................. 9
Non-Electrical Energy Object.......................... 9
Energy Monitoring.................................... 10
Energy Control....................................... 10
Provide Energy:...................................... 10
Receive Energy:...................................... 10
Power Interface...................................... 11
Power Inlet.......................................... 11
Power Outlet......................................... 11
Energy Management Domain............................. 11
Energy Object Identification......................... 12
Energy Object Context................................ 12
Energy Object Relationship........................... 12
Aggregation Relationship............................. 13
Metering Relationship................................ 13
Power Source Relationship............................ 13
Proxy Relationship................................... 14
Energy Object Parent................................. 14
Energy Object Child.................................. 14
Power State.......................................... 15
Power State Set...................................... 15
Nameplate Power...................................... 15
3. Security Considerations.............................. 16
4. IANA Considerations.................................. 16
5. Acknowledgments...................................... 16
6. References........................................... 16
Normative References................................. 16
Informative References............................... 16
7. Authors' Addresses................................... 17
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1. Introduction
Within Energy Management there are terms that may
seem obvious to a casual reader but in fact require a
rigorous and sourced definition. To avoid any
confusion in terms among the working group drafts,
one glossary / lexicon of terms should exist that all
drafts can refer to. This will avoid a review of
terms multiplied across drafts.
This draft will contain a glossary of definitions of
terms that can be agreed upon by the working group
outside of the context of drafts and then included in
or sourced to this draft.
Each term will contain a definition(s), a normative
or informative reference, an optional example, an
optional comment(s) listed a note(s).
All terms should be rooted with a well-known
reference. If a definition is taken verbatim from a
reference then the source is listed in square
brackets. If a definition is derived from a well-
known reference then the source is listed as "Adapted
from" with the reference listed in square brackets.
If a defined term is newly defined here the reference
will indicate as such by stating "herein" and if
applicable list any composing terms from this
document.
When applicable the [IEEE100] was used as the
preferred source. If a term was not available from
[IEEE100], then [IEC60050] was used. When these were
multiple items from [IEEE100], [IEC60050] or
[ISO50001], there were all included.
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2. Terminology
Device
A piece of electrical or non-electrical equipment.
Reference: Adapted from [IEEE100]
Component
A part of an electrical or non-electrical equipment (Device).
Reference: Adapted from [ITU-T-M-3400]
Energy Management
Energy Management is a set of functions for measuring,
modeling, planning, and optimizing networks to ensure
that the network elements and attached devices use
energy efficiently and is appropriate for the nature
of the application and the cost constraints of the
organization.
Reference: Adapted from [ITU-T-M-3400]
Example: A set of computer systems that will poll
electrical meters and store the readings
NOTES:
1. Energy management refers to the activities, methods,
procedures and tools that pertain to measuring,
modeling, planning, controlling and optimizing the
use of energy in networked systems [NMF].
2. Energy Management is a management domain which is
congruent to any of FCAPS areas of management in the
ISO/OSI Network Management Model [TMN]. Energy
Management for communication networks and attached
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devices is a subset or part of an organization's
greater Energy Management Policies.
Energy Management System (EnMS)
An Energy Management System is a combination of
hardware and software used to administer a network
with the primary purpose being Energy Management.
Reference: Adapted from [1037C]
Example: A single computer system that polls data from
devices using SNMP
NOTES:
1. An Energy Management System according to [ISO50001]
(ISO-EnMS) is a set of systems or procedures upon
which organizations can develop and implement an
energy policy, set targets, action plans and take
into account legal requirements related to energy
use. An EnMS allows organizations to improve energy
performance and demonstrate conformity to
requirements, standards, and/or legal requirements.
2. Example ISO-EnMS: Company A defines a set of
policies and procedures indicating there should
exist multiple computerized systems that will poll
energy from their meters and pricing / source data
from their local utility. Company A specifies that
their CFO should collect information and summarize
it quarterly to be sent to an accounting firm to
produce carbon accounting reporting as required by
their local government.
3. For the purposes of EMAN, the definition from
[1037C] is the preferred meaning of an Energy
Management System (EnMS). The definition from
[ISO50001] can be referred to as ISO Energy
Management System (ISO-EnMS).
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ISO Energy Management System
Energy Management System as defined by [ISO50001]
Reference: herein
Energy
That which does work or is capable of doing work. As
used by electric utilities, it is generally a
reference to electrical energy and is measured in
kilo-watt hours (kWh).
Reference: [IEEE100]
NOTES
1. Energy is the capacity of a system to produce
external activity or perform work [ISO50001]
Power
The time rate at which energy is emitted, transferred,
or received; usually expressed in watts (or in joules
per second).
Reference: [IEEE100]
Demand
The average value of power or a related quantity over
a specified interval of time. Note: Demand is
expressed in kilowatts, kilovolt-amperes, kilovars, or
other suitable units.
Reference: [IEEE100]
NOTES:
1. typically kilowatts
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2. Energy providers typically bill by Demand
measurements as well as for maximum Demand per
billing periods. Power values may spike during
short-terms by devices, but Demand measurements
recognize that maximum Demand does not equal maximum
Power during an interval.
Power Characteristics
Measurements of the electrical current, voltage and frequencies
at a given point in an electrical power system.
Reference: Adapted from [IEC60050]
NOTES:
1. Power Characteristics is not intended to be judgmental with
respect to a reference or technical value and are independent of
any usage context.
Power Quality
Characteristics of the electric current, voltage and
frequencies at a given point in an electric power
system, evaluated against a set of reference technical
parameters. These parameters might, in some cases,
relate to the compatibility between electricity
supplied in an electric power system and the loads
connected to that electric power system.
Reference: [IEC60050]
NOTES:
1. Electrical characteristics representing power
quality information are typically required by customer
facility energy management systems. It is not intended
to satisfy the detailed requirements of power quality
monitoring. Standards typically also give ranges of
allowed values; the information attributes are the raw
measurements, not the "yes/no" determination by the
various standards.
Reference: [ASHRAE-201]
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Electrical Equipment
A general term including materials, fittings, devices,
appliances, fixtures, apparatus, machines, etc., used
as a part of, or in connection with, an electric
installation.
Reference: [IEEE100]
Non-Electrical Equipment (Mechanical Equipment)
A general term including materials, fittings, devices
appliances, fixtures, apparatus, machines, etc., used
as a part of, or in connection with, non-electrical
power installations.
Reference: Adapted from [IEEE100]
Energy Object
An Energy Object (EO) is a piece of equipment that is part of or
attached to a communications network that is monitored,
controlled, or aids in the management of another device for
Energy Management.
Reference: herein
Electrical Energy Object
An Electrical Energy Object (EEO) is an Energy Object
that is a piece of Electrical Equipment
Reference: herein, Electrical Equipment
Non-Electrical Energy Object
A Non-Electrical Energy Object (NEEO) an Energy Object
that is a piece of Non-Electrical Equipment.
Reference: herein, Non-Electrical Equipment.
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Energy Monitoring
Energy Monitoring is a part of Energy Management that
deals with collecting or reading information from
Energy Objects to aid in Energy Management.
Reference: herein
NOTES:
1. This could include Energy, Power, Demand, Power
Quality, Context and/or Battery information.
Energy Control
Energy Control is a part of Energy Management that
deals with directing influence over Energy Objects.
Reference: herein
NOTES:
1. Typically in order to optimize or ensure its
efficiency.
Provide Energy:
An Energy Object "provides" energy to another Energy
Object if there is an energy flow from this Energy
Object to the other one.
Reference: herein
Receive Energy:
An Energy Object "receives" energy from another
Energy Object if there is an energy flow from the
other Energy Object to this one.
Reference: herein
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Power Interface
A Power Interface (or simply interface) is an interconnection
among devices or components where energy can be provided,
received or both.
Reference: herein
Power Inlet
A Power Inlet (or simply inlet) is an interface at which a
device or component receives energy from another device or
component.
Reference: herein
Power Outlet
A Power Outlet (or simply outlet) is an interface at which a
device or component provides energy to another device or
component.
Reference: herein
Energy Management Domain
An Energy Management Domain is a set of Energy Objects
where all objects in the domain are considered one
unit of management.
Reference: herein
Example: All EEO's drawing power from the same
distribution panel with the same AC voltage within a
building, or all EEO's in a building for which there
is one main meter, would comprise an Energy Management
Domain.
NOTES:
1. Typically, this set will have as members all EO's
that are powered from the same source.
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Energy Object Identification
Energy Object Identification is a set of attributes
that enable an Energy Object to be: uniquely
identified among all Energy Management Domains; linked
to other systems; classified as to type, model, and or
manufacturer.
Reference: herein
Energy Object Context
Energy Object Context is a set of attributes that
allow an Energy Management System to classify the use
of the Energy Object within an organization.
Reference: herein
NOTES:
1. The classification could contain the use and/or the
ranking of the Energy Object as compared to other
Energy Objects in the Energy Management Domain.
Energy Object Relationship
An Energy Object Relationship is a functional
association among Energy Objects
NOTES
1. Relationships can be named and could include
Aggregation, Metering, Power Source, and Proxy.
2. The Energy Object is the noun or entity in the
relationship with the relationship described as the
verb.
Example: If EO x is a piece of Electrical Equipment
and EO y is an electrical meter clamped onto x's
power cord, then x and y have a Metering
Relationship. It follows that y meters x and that x
is metered by y.
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Reference: Adapted from [CHEN]
Aggregation Relationship
An Aggregation Relationship is an Energy Object
Relationship where one Energy Object aggregates the
Energy Management information of one or more other
Energy Objects.
These Energy Objects are referred to as having an
Aggregation Relationship.
Reference: herein
NOTES:
1. Aggregate values may be obtained by reading values
from multiple Energy Objects and producing a single
value of more significant meaning such as average,
count, maximum, median, minimum, mode and most
commonly sum [SQL].
Metering Relationship
A Metering Relationship is an Energy Object
Relationship where one Energy Object measures the
Power or Energy of one or more other Energy Objects.
These Energy Objects are referred to as having a
Metering Relationship.
Reference: herein
Example: a PoE port on a switch measures the Power it
provides to the connected Energy Object.
Power Source Relationship
A Power Source Relationship is an Energy Object
Relationship where one Energy Object is the source of
or distributor of Power to one or more other Energy
Objects.
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These Energy Objects are referred to as having a Power
Source Relationship.
Reference: herein
Example: a PDU provides power for a connected device.
Proxy Relationship
A Proxy Relationship is an Energy Object Relationship
where one Energy Object provides the Energy Management
capabilities on behalf of one or more other Energy
Objects.
These Energy Objects are referred to as having a Proxy
Relationship.
Reference: herein
Example: a protocol gateways device for Building
Management Systems (BMS) with subtended devices.
Energy Object Parent
An Energy Object Parent is an Energy Object that
participates in an Energy Object Relationship and is
considered as providing the capabilities in the
relationship.
Example: in a Metering Relationship, the Energy Object
that is metering is called the Energy Object Parent,
while the Energy Object that is metered is called the
Energy Object Child.
Reference: herein
Energy Object Child
An Energy Object Child is an Energy Object that
participates in an Energy Object Relationship and is
considered as receiving the capabilities in the
relationship.
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Example: in a Metering Relationship, the Energy Object
that is metering is called the Energy Object Parent,
while the Energy Object that is metered is called the
Energy Object Child.
Reference: herein
Power State
A Power State is a condition or mode of a device that
broadly characterizes its capabilities, power
consumption, and responsiveness to input.
Reference: Adapted from [IEEE1621]
NOTES:
1. A Power State can be seen as a power setting of an
Energy Object that influences the power
consumption, the available functionality, and the
responsiveness of the Energy Object.
2. A Power State can be viewed as one method for
Energy Control
Power State Set
A collection of Power States that comprise one named
or logical grouping of control is a Power State Set.
Reference: herein
Example: The states {on, off, and sleep} as defined in
[IEEE1621], or the 16 power states as defined by the
[DMTF] can be considered two different Power State
Sets.
Nameplate Power
The Nameplate Power is the nominal Power of a Device
as specified by the Device manufacturer.
Reference: herein
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NOTES:
1. This is typically determined via load testing and
is specified by the manufacturer as the maximum
value required for operating the device. This is
sometimes referred to as the worst-case Power. The
actual or average Power may be lower. The
Nameplate Power is typically used for provisioning
and capacity planning.
3. Security Considerations
None
4. IANA Considerations
None
5. Acknowledgments
The author would like to thank the authors of the
current working group drafts for the discussions and
definition clarifications
6. References
Normative References
Informative References
[IEEE100] "The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE
Standards Terms"
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/mostRecentIssue.jsp?pun
umber=4116785
[IEEE1621] "Standard for User Interface Elements in
Power Control of Electronic Devices Employed
in Office/Consumer Environments", IEEE 1621,
December 2004.
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[IEC60050] International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/welco
me?openform
[ISO50001] "ISO 50001:2011 Energy management systems -
Requirements with guidance for use",
http://www.iso.org/
[DMTF] "Power State Management Profile DMTF DSP1027
Version 2.0" December 2009
http://www.dmtf.org/sites/default/files/stand
ards/documents/DSP1027_2.0.0.pdf
[TMN] "TMN Management Functions : Performance
Management", ITU-T M.3400
[NMF] "Network Management Fundamentals", Alexander
Clemm, ISBN: 1-58720-137-2, 2007
[ITU-T-M-3400] TMN recommandation on Management
Functions (M.3400), 1997
[CHEN] "The Entity-Relationship Model: Toward a
Unified View of Data", Peter Pin-shan Chen,
ACM Transactions on Database Systems, 1976
[1037C] US Department of Commerce, Federal Standard
1037C, http://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/fs-1037/fs-
1037c.htm
[SQL] ISO/IEC 9075(1-4,9-11,13,14):2008
[ASHRAE-201] "ASHRAE Standard Project Committee 201
(SPC 201)Facility Smart Grid Information
Model", http://spc201.ashraepcs.org
7. Authors' Addresses
John Parello
Cisco Systems, Inc.
3550 Cisco Way
San Jose, California 95134
US
Phone: +1 408 525 2339
Email: jparello@cisco.com
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