BLISS                                                         M. Procter
Internet-Draft                                                VoIP.co.uk
Intended status: Informational                          October 21, 2008
Expires: April 24, 2009


    Implementing Call Park and Retrieve using the Session Initiation
                             Protocol (SIP)
               draft-procter-bliss-call-park-extension-03

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Abstract

   Call Park and Call Retrieve are useful telephony services that are
   familiar to many users.  Existing implementations using the Session
   Initiation Protocol (SIP) show that a variety of approaches can be
   taken, with varying degrees of interoperability.  This draft
   discusses a number of feature variations, and how they may be
   implemented using existing techniques.  An additional URI parameter
   is also described, which enables further common use-cases to be
   implemented.






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Table of Contents

   1.  Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   2.  Parking a call . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
     2.1.  Parking a call without an orbit  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
     2.2.  Parking a call with an orbit specified by the UA . . . . .  5
     2.3.  Parking a call with an orbit specified by the Park
           Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
     2.4.  A failed attempt to park a call  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
   3.  Retrieving a Parked Call . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
   4.  User Agent Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
   5.  Park Server Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
   6.  Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
   7.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
   8.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
   9.  References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
     9.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
     9.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
   Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
   Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 16































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1.  Overview

   Call Park is a feature that enables UAs to make a call inactive but
   not terminated, in such a way as to allow the call to be resumed by
   the UA that parked the call, or by a different UA.

   This feature is typically used when User A wishes to transfer a call
   in progress to User B, but doesn't necessarily know how to reach User
   B's UA directly.  In this situation, User A parks the call, and then
   tells User B where the call is parked.  User B may then retrieve the
   call using a convenient UA.

   Other uses include allowing multiple calls to be parked at the same
   'location', and forming a queue.  In this way, a simple 'ACD'
   (Automatic Call Distribution) system can be implemented that permits
   calls to be initially sorted and placed in one of a number of queues,
   ready to be handled when an appropriate agent becomes available (and
   retrieves the next call from the queue).

   In all cases, the parked call is subsequently identifiable by a short
   (typically 3 or 4 digit) label known as an 'orbit'.  This orbit is
   often allocated by the user parking the call, but some environments
   favour allocation of the orbit by a Park Server.  Both approaches are
   described in this document.

   Multiple Park Servers can be beneficial in some enviroments for a
   variety of reasons including load-sharing and administrative
   policies.  This document shows how support for multiple servers can
   easily be achieved whilst still permitting a single 'well-known' Park
   Server URI to be advertised for configuration.


2.  Parking a call

   A basic call flow for Call Park is given in
   [I-D.ietf-sipping-service-examples] (section 2.15), and this forms
   the basis of the feature.  The flow shows Alice and Bob in a call,
   when Bob decides to park the call by sending a REFER to the Park
   Server.

   It is worth noting that whilst the flow is conceptually similar to an
   Unattended Transfer [I-D.ietf-sipping-service-examples] (section
   2.4), the REFER is sent to different endpoints in the two cases.  For
   Unattended Transfer, the Transferor sends the REFER to the
   Transferee, instructing him to call the Transfer Target.  For Call
   Park, the Transferor (Bob) sends the REFER to the Transfer Target
   (Park Server), instructing it to call the Transferee (Alice).




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   By following the Call Park model, we ensure that Bob has visibility
   over the success or failure of the park attempt.  We also ensure that
   Bob does not rely on Alice to correctly pass the orbit parameter back
   from the Park Server for the centrally-allocated orbit number
   situation.  Finally, because Bob sends the REFER to the Park Server,
   we give the Park Server the opportunity to challenge Bob and ensure
   that appropriate authorisation exists for the feature.

              Alice           Bob        Park Server       Carol
                |              |              |              |
                |   INVITE F1  |              |              |
                |------------->|              |              |
                |180 Ringing F2|              |              |
                |<-------------|              |              |
                |  200 OK F3   |              |              |
                |<-------------|              |              |
                |    ACK F4    |              |              |
                |------------->|              |              |
                |  RTP Media   |              |              |
                |<============>|              |              |
                |      Bob Parks Call         |              |
                |              |   REFER Refer-To: A F5      |
                |              |------------->|              |
                |              |    202 F6    |              |
                |              |<-------------|              |
                |              |   NOTIFY F7  |              |
                |              |<-------------|              |
                |              |    200 F8    |              |
                |              |------------->|              |
                |  INVITE F9 Replaces: B      |              |
                |<----------------------------|              |
                |          200 OK F10         |              |
                |---------------------------->|              |
                |           ACK F11           |              |
                |<----------------------------|              |
                |(Music-on-Hold or other RTP?)|              |
                |<===========================>|              |
                |     BYE F12  |              |              |
                |------------->|  NOTIFY F14  |              |
                |  200 OK F13  |<-------------|              |
                |<-------------|  200 OK F15  |              |
                |              |------------->|              |

   The basic call flow described above uses the SIP dialog ID between
   the parked endpoint and the Park Server itself as the unique parked
   call identifier.  Using the dialog ID has a number of advantages
   since it is unique and allocated by both the parked user and the Park
   Server.  However, it is also long, which can lead to problems when



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   trying to identify parked calls by verbal or human-written
   mechanisms.

   Traditional PBX users have become accustomed to calls being parked
   against a short number (typically 3 or 4 digits), and then using this
   identifier to communicate to the retrieving party which call to
   retrieve.  This information may be passed verbally, or by means of
   small paper notes.  Whilst collisions may occur, they are generally
   avoided satisfactorily by administrative policies.

   This draft attempts to reconcile these two models by allowing a short
   label to be attached to a parked call (the 'orbit').  The retrieving
   party can then use the same label to locate the relevant dialog ID in
   order to retrieve the parked call.  Note that the orbit may be
   allocated by the User Agent parking the call or centrally by the Park
   Server.

2.1.  Parking a call without an orbit

   Certain environments do not require an 'orbit' to be used, either
   because calls are parked in a single queue, or the dialog identifiers
   are readily passed between concerned UAs.  In this scenario, the flow
   described in [I-D.ietf-sipping-service-examples] (section 2.15) is
   followed without deviation.

2.2.  Parking a call with an orbit specified by the UA

   The message flow of parking a call in this scenario is identical to
   that illustrated in [I-D.ietf-sipping-service-examples] (section
   2.15).  The difference that this document introduces is in the REFER
   message to the Park Server.

   In this scenario, it is assumed that Bob has entered a parking orbit
   in some manner appropriate to his UA.  Once this is done, the REFER
   is sent to the URI <sips:park@server.example.com;orbit=1234> instead
   of simply directing the request to the URI
   <sips:park@server.example.com>.  The addition of the orbit parameter
   to the URI effectively labels the parked call with a short memorable
   code entered by the user.












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      F5 REFER Bob -> Park Server

      REFER sips:park@server.example.com;orbit=1234 SIP/2.0
      Via: SIP/2.0/TLS client.biloxi.example.com:5061
       ;branch=z9hG4bKnashds9
      Max-Forwards: 70
      From: Bob <sips:bob@biloxi.example.com>;tag=02134
      To: Park Server <sips:park@server.example.com;orbit=1234>
      Call-ID: 4802029847@biloxi.example.com
      CSeq: 1 REFER
    <allOneLine>
      Refer-To: <sips:alice@client.atlanta.example.com?Replaces=
      12345601%40atlanta.example.com%3Bfrom-tag%3D314159
      %3Bto-tag%3D1234567>
    </allOneLine>
      Referred-By: <sips:bob@biloxi.example.com>
      Contact: <sips:bob@client.biloxi.example.com>
      Content-Length: 0

2.3.  Parking a call with an orbit specified by the Park Server

   Sometimes an orbit number assignment policy needs to be implemented.
   This may be to ensure that all orbit numbers are a particular length,
   or have a form that means that they can be dialled directly (given
   suitable extensions to an Application Server).  It may also be
   implemented to eliminate the problem of trying to park more than one
   call on the same orbit.

   To enforce a policy, we ensure that the orbit number is not allocated
   by the UA (entered by the user, or by configuration etc.) but is
   instead allocated by the Park Server, and relayed to the UA.  The
   approach taken here is analogous to the Conference Factory approach
   described in [RFC4579].  Bob sends a REFER to the preconfigured Park
   Server URI, but without any 'orbit' parameter added.  The Park Server
   then responds by redirecting Bob to the correct orbit by using a '302
   Moved Temporarily' response.  The orbit can then be found by
   inspecting this new target.














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              Alice           Bob        Park Server       Carol
                |              |              |              |
                | Active Call  |              |              |
                |<============>|              |              |
                |      Bob Parks Call         |              |
                |              |   REFER Refer-To: A F5      |
                |              |------------->|              |
                |              |302 Orbit allocated F6       |
                |              |<-------------|              |
                |              |   REFER Refer-To: A F7      |
                |              |------------->|              |
                |              |202 Accepted F8              |
                |              |<-------------|              |
                |              |   NOTIFY     |              |
                |              |<-------------|              |
                |              |    200 OK    |              |
                |              |------------->|              |


      F5 REFER Bob -> Park Server

      REFER sips:park@server.example.com SIP/2.0
      Via: SIP/2.0/TLS client.biloxi.example.com:5061
       ;branch=z9hG4bKnashdsB
      Max-Forwards: 70
      From: Bob <sips:bob@biloxi.example.com>;tag=22134
      To: Park Server <sips:park-server@example.com>
      Call-ID: 4802029847@biloxi.example.com
      CSeq: 1 REFER
   <allOneLine>
      Refer-To: <sips:alice@client.atlanta.example.com?Replaces=
      12345601%40atlanta.example.com%3Bfrom-tag%3D314159
      %3Bto-tag%3D1234567>
   </allOneLine>
      Referred-By: <sips:bob@biloxi.example.com>
      Contact: <sips:bob@client.biloxi.example.com>
      Content-Length: 0














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      F6 302 Orbit Allocated Park Server -> Bob

      SIP/2.0 202 Orbit Allocated
      Via: SIP/2.0/TLS client.biloxi.example.com:5061
       ;branch=z9hG4bKnashdsB
       ;received=192.0.2.105
      From: Bob <sips:bob@biloxi.example.com>;tag=22134
      To: Park Server <sips:park-server@example.com>;tag=56324
      Call-ID: 4802029848@biloxi.example.com
      CSeq: 1 REFER
      Contact: <sips:park@server.example.com;orbit=1234>
      Content-Length: 0

   This is also the means by which multiple Park Servers can be
   deployed.  A REFER to <sips:park@server.example.com> might result in
   a 302 response, nominating
   <sips:park@server-1.example.com;orbit=1234> as the desired target.

   Different network architectures may result in different behaviours as
   seen by Bob. In particular, whether Bob sees the 302 response will
   depend on whether or not an intermediate proxy recurses on it.
   Therefore, Bob's UA must be prepared to extract the orbit parameter
   from either the 302 response (if one is seen) or the Contact header
   of the 2xx response to his REFER.

   Since this technique may also be used to resolve the problem of
   parking multiple calls on the same orbit, Bob's UA must be prepared
   to extract the orbit even if it provided one in the initial request.
   If the orbit differs to the one requested, the extracted orbit should
   be rendered to Bob in an appropriate manner.

      F8 202 Accepted Park Server -> Bob

      SIP/2.0 202 Accepted
      Via: SIP/2.0/TLS client.biloxi.example.com:5061
       ;branch=z9hG4bKnashds9
       ;received=192.0.2.105
      From: Bob <sips:bob@biloxi.example.com>;tag=02134
      To: Park Server <sips:park@server.example.com>;tag=56323
      Call-ID: 4802029847@biloxi.example.com
      Contact: <sips:park@server.example.com;orbit=1234>
      CSeq: 1 REFER
      Content-Length: 0

   This variation is only possible on Park Servers capable of generating
   Contact URIs of the correct form, i.e. with an 'orbit' URI parameter,
   in either a 302 response, or in a 2xx response to the REFER.  Park
   Servers unable to generate URIs of this form are therefore confined



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   to environments that don't require centrally allocated parking
   orbits.

2.4.  A failed attempt to park a call

   A Park Server may choose to reject a park attempt for many reasons,
   including prohibiting multiple calls being parked against the same
   orbit, or prohibiting certain users from parking calls on certain
   orbits.  Whatever the reason, the response sent to Bob will enable
   Bob to take appropriate action.  The following example shows the Park
   Server rejecting a call due to the orbit already being in use.

              Alice           Bob        Park Server       Carol
                |              |              |              |
                |   INVITE F1  |              |              |
                |------------->|              |              |
                |180 Ringing F2|              |              |
                |<-------------|              |              |
                |  200 OK F3   |              |              |
                |<-------------|              |              |
                |    ACK F4    |              |              |
                |------------->|              |              |
                |  RTP Media   |              |              |
                |<============>|              |              |
                |      Bob Parks Call         |              |
                |              |   REFER Refer-To: A F5      |
                |              |------------->|              |
                |              |486 Busy Here |              |
                |              |<-------------|              |

   When Bob's parking attempt is rejected, Bob may choose to attempt to
   park the call again, but using a different orbit number.  The ability
   for Bob to recover from failed parking attempts such as this without
   dropping the call to Alice is an important consequence of Bob sending
   the REFER to the Park Server, rather than sending the REFER to Alice
   so that she can park herself.


3.  Retrieving a Parked Call

   In order to retrieve a parked call, Carol needs to obtain the dialog
   identifiers for the dialog between Alice and wherever Alice is
   parked.

   The dialog identifiers can be obtained by issuing a SUBSCRIBE for the
   dialog event package [RFC4235].  The resulting NOTIFY will contain
   details of all pertinent calls, including the dialog identifiers.
   Carol may (if presented with multiple dialogs) choose which call to



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   retrieve.  Many implementations choose the first dialog listed,
   although some use the <duration> element to identify which call has
   been parked for the longest time.  Obtaining the dialog information
   in this way follows the flow described in
   [I-D.ietf-sipping-service-examples] (section 2.15).

   By subscribing to the dialog event package [RFC4235] at the same URI
   used for parking the call, i.e.
   <sips:park-server@example.com;orbit=1234>, all the information that
   is required for the call to be retrieved by C is delivered in the
   corresponding NOTIFY.

   Similarly, if the call was parked in an environment that does not
   require 'orbit' parameters, subscribing to the URI used for parking
   the call, i.e. <sips:park-server@example.com>, will still result in
   the necessary information being provided for the call to be
   retrieved.

              Alice           Bob        Park Server       Carol
                |              |              |              |
                |              |              | SUBSCRIBE F1 |
                |              |              |<-------------|
                |              |              |  200 OK F2   |
                |              |              |------------->|
                |              |              |  NOTIFY F3   |
                |              |              |------------->|
                |              |              |  200 OK F4   |
                |              |              |<-------------|
                |              |              |              |
                |              |              |              |
                |           INVITE Replaces: Park Server F5  |
                |<-------------------------------------------|
                |              |              |   200 F6     |
                |------------------------------------------->|
                |              |              |    ACK F7    |
                |<-------------------------------------------|
                |                  RTP Media                 |
                |<==========================================>|
                |           BYE F8            |              |
                |---------------------------->|              |
                |          200 OK F9          |              |
                |<----------------------------|              |









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   F1 SUBSCRIBE  Carol -> Park Server

   SUBSCRIBE sips:park@server.example.com;orbit=1234 SIP/2.0
   Via: SIP/2.0/TLS chicago.example.com:5061;branch=z9hG4bK92bz
   Max-Forwards: 70
   From: Carol <sips:carol@chicago.example.com>;tag=8672349
   To: <sips:park@server.example.com;orbit=1234>
   Call-ID: xt4653gs2ham@chicago.example.com
   CSeq: 1 SUBSCRIBE
   Contact: <sips:carol@client.chicago.example.com>
   Event: dialog
   Subscription-State: active;expires=0
   Accept: application/dialog-info+xml
   Content-Length: 0


   F2 200 OK  Park Server -> Carol

   SIP/2.0 200 OK
   Via: SIP/2.0/TLS chicago.example.com:5061;branch=z9hG4bK92bz
    ;received=192.0.2.114
   Max-Forwards: 70
   From: Carol <sips:carol@chicago.example.com>;tag=8672349
   To: <sips:park@server.example.com;orbit=1234>;tag=1234567
   Call-ID: xt4653gs2ham@chicago.example.com
   CSeq: 1 SUBSCRIBE
   Content-Length: 0
























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   F3 NOTIFY  Park Server -> Carol

   NOTIFY sips:carol@client.chicago.example.com SIP/2.0
   Via: SIP/2.0/TLS chicago.example.com:5061;branch=z9hG4bK93ca
   Max-Forwards: 70
   To: Carol <sips:carol@chicago.example.com>;tag=8672349
   From: <sips:park@server.example.com;orbit=1234>;tag=1234567
   Call-ID: xt4653gs2ham@chicago.example.com
   CSeq: 2 NOTIFY
   Contact: <sips:park@server.example.com;orbit=1234>
   Event: dialog
   Subscription-State: terminated
   Content-Type: application/dialog-info+xml
   Content-Length: ...

   <?xml version="1.0"?>
   <dialog-info xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:dialog-info"
      version="0" state="full"
      entity="sips:park@server.example.com;orbit=1234">
      <dialog id="94992014524" call-id="12345600@atlanta.example.com"
         local-tag="3145678" remote-tag="1234567" direction="recipient"
         remote-uri="alice@atlanta.example.com"
         remote-target="alice@client.atlanta.example.com">
      <state>confirmed</state>
      </dialog>
   </dialog-info>


   F4 200 OK  Carol -> Park Server

   SIP/2.0 200 OK
   Via: SIP/2.0/TLS chicago.example.com:5061;branch=z9hG4bK93ca
   To: Carol <sips:carol@chicago.example.com>;tag=8672349
   From: <sips:park@server.example.com;orbit=1234>;tag=1234567
   Call-ID: xt4653gs2ham@chicago.example.com
   CSeq: 2 NOTIFY
   Contact: <sips:carol@client.chicago.example.com>
   Content-Length: 0

   The remainder of the frames are the same as the corresponding frames
   from [I-D.ietf-sipping-service-examples], since the required dialog
   ID has been obtained through the SUBSCRIBE / NOTIFY cycle from the
   Park Server.


4.  User Agent Considerations

   For Bob and Carol to be able to park and retrieve calls using a Park



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   Server, both need to be configured with the URI of the Park Server.
   In addition, Bob and Carol should be configured to understand whether
   or not an orbit will be required for park and retrieve.  Finally, Bob
   also needs to be configured to determine whether Bob should provide
   the orbit or whether the orbit will be allocated by the Park Server.

   Any orbit received from the Park Server, either in the Contact URI of
   a 302 or 2xx response to REFER, should be rendered to the user in an
   appropriate manner, even if an orbit was provided in the initial
   REFER. *** UNLESS it is the same as requested?  This is to allow Park
   Servers to implement various policy decisions and allocate orbits as
   required.  Failure to do this may lead to a call being parked on a
   different orbit to the expected one, and hence being effectively
   lost.

   If the UA provided an orbit in the REFER request, and no orbit is
   received from the Park Server, then the UA may assume that the call
   has been parked against the requested orbit correctly.


5.  Park Server Considerations

   It is expected that Park Servers will not necessarily support all the
   feature variations described in this document, at least not
   simultaneously.  Therefore Park Servers should offer the set that is
   most appropriate for the target environment.  For example, some Park
   Servers may offer centrally allocated orbits, some may not, and some
   may be configurable.  Other policy-related decisions include how to
   handle more than one call being parked on a particular orbit. ***
   FIXME more!


6.  Acknowledgements

   The following individuals were part of the Call Park Design Team, and
   have helped to shape this document:

   Francois Audet, Jason Fischl, Derek Macdonald, Shida Schubert, Sanjay
   Sinha, Dale Worley and Theo Zourzouvillys.


7.  Security Considerations

   None.







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8.  IANA Considerations

   Open issue: presumably need to define the new uri-parameter 'orbit'.

   According to [RFC3969], defining a URI parameter can only be done in
   a standards-track RFC.  That doesn't sound like the sort of thing
   this document will do, nor the sort of thing BLISS will do either.
   However, [RFC4240] ('netann') defines values that are included in the
   current registry, and it is most definately 'Informational'.


9.  References

9.1.  Normative References

   [I-D.ietf-sipping-service-examples]
              Johnston, A., Sparks, R., Cunningham, C., Donovan, S., and
              K. Summers, "Session Initiation Protocol Service
              Examples", draft-ietf-sipping-service-examples-15 (work in
              progress), July 2008.

   [RFC4235]  Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., and R. Mahy, "An INVITE-
              Initiated Dialog Event Package for the Session Initiation
              Protocol (SIP)", RFC 4235, November 2005.

9.2.  Informative References

   [RFC4579]  Johnston, A. and O. Levin, "Session Initiation Protocol
              (SIP) Call Control - Conferencing for User Agents",
              BCP 119, RFC 4579, August 2006.

   [RFC3969]  Camarillo, G., "The Internet Assigned Number Authority
              (IANA) Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) Parameter
              Registry for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)",
              BCP 99, RFC 3969, December 2004.

   [RFC4240]  Burger, E., Van Dyke, J., and A. Spitzer, "Basic Network
              Media Services with SIP", RFC 4240, December 2005.













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Author's Address

   Michael Procter
   VoIP.co.uk
   Commerce House
   Telford Road
   Bicester, Oxfordshire  OX26 4LD
   UK

   Email: michael@voip.co.uk
   URI:   http://voip.co.uk








































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Internet-Draft              SIP Park/Retrieve               October 2008


Full Copyright Statement

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