Open Shortest Path First IGP                              P. Psenak, Ed.
Internet-Draft                                           S. Previdi, Ed.
Intended status: Standards Track                             C. Filsfils
Expires: August 17, 2014                             Cisco Systems, Inc.
                                                              H. Gredler
                                                  Juniper Networks, Inc.
                                                               R. Shakir
                                                         British Telecom
                                                           W. Henderickx
                                                          Alcatel-Lucent
                                                       February 13, 2014


                 OSPFv3 Extensions for Segment Routing
         draft-psenak-ospf-segment-routing-ospfv3-extension-01

Abstract

   Segment Routing (SR) allows for a flexible definition of end-to-end
   paths within IGP topologies by encoding paths as sequences of
   topological sub-paths, called "segments".  These segments are
   advertised by the link-state routing protocols (IS-IS and OSPF).

   This draft describes the necessary OSPFv3 extensions that need to be
   introduced for Segment Routing.

Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on August 17, 2014.



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Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2014 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.


Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   2.  Segment Routing Identifiers  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
     2.1.  SID/Label sub-TLV  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   3.  Segment Routing Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
     3.1.  SR-Algorithm TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
     3.2.  SID/Label Range TLV  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
   4.  Prefix SID Identifier  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
     4.1.  Prefix SID Sub-TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
     4.2.  SID/Label Binding sub-TLV  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
       4.2.1.  ERO Metric sub-TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
       4.2.2.  ERO sub-TLVs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
   5.  Adjacency Segment Identifier (Adj-SID) . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
     5.1.  Adj-SID sub-TLV  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
     5.2.  LAN Adj-SID Sub-TLV  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
   6.  Elements of Procedure  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
     6.1.  Intra-area Segment routing in OSPFv3 . . . . . . . . . . . 19
     6.2.  Inter-area Segment routing in OSPFv3 . . . . . . . . . . . 20
     6.3.  SID for External Prefixes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
     6.4.  Advertisement of Adj-SID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
       6.4.1.  Advertisement of Adj-SID on Point-to-Point Links . . . 21
       6.4.2.  Adjacency SID on Broadcast or NBMA Interfaces  . . . . 21
   7.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
   8.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
   9.  Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
   10. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
   11. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
     11.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
     11.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24




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1.  Introduction

   Segment Routing (SR) allows for a flexible definition of end-to-end
   paths within IGP topologies by encoding paths as sequences of
   topological sub-paths, called "segments".  These segments are
   advertised by the link-state routing protocols (IS-IS and OSPF).
   Prefix segments represent an ecmp-aware shortest-path to a prefix (or
   a node), as per the state of the IGP topology.  Adjacency segments
   represent a hop over a specific adjacency between two nodes in the
   IGP.  A prefix segment is typically a multi-hop path while an
   adjacency segment, in most of the cases, is a one-hop path.  SR's
   control-plane can be applied to both IPv6 and MPLS data-planes, and
   do not require any additional signaling (other than the regular IGP).
   For example, when used in MPLS networks, SR paths do not require any
   LDP or RSVP-TE signaling.  Still, SR can interoperate in the presence
   of LSPs established with RSVP or LDP .

   This draft describes the necessary OSPFv3 extensions that need to be
   introduced for Segment Routing.

   Segment Routing architecture is described in
   [I-D.filsfils-rtgwg-segment-routing].

   Segment Routing use cases are described in
   [I-D.filsfils-rtgwg-segment-routing-use-cases].


2.  Segment Routing Identifiers

   Segment Routing defines various types of Segment Identifiers (SIDs):
   Prefix-SID, Adjacency-SID, LAN Adjacency SID and Binding SID.

2.1.  SID/Label sub-TLV

   SID/Label sub-TLV appears in multiple TLVs or Sub-TLVs defined later
   in this document.  It is used to advertise SID or label associated
   with the prefix or adjacency.  SID/Label TLV has following format:

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |               Type            |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                      SID/Label (variable)                     |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   where:




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      Type: 1

      Length: variable, 3 or 4 bytes

      SID/Label: if length is set to 3, then the 20 rightmost bits
      represent a label.  If length is set to 4 then the value
      represents a 32 bit SID.






3.  Segment Routing Capabilities

   Segment Routing requires some additional capabilities of the router
   to be advertised to other routers in the area.

   These SR capabilities are advertised in OSPFv3 Router Information
   Opaque LSA (defined in [RFC4970]).

3.1.  SR-Algorithm TLV

   SR-Algorithm TLV is a TLV of Router Information Opaque LSA (defined
   in [RFC4970]).

   Router may use various algorithms when calculating reachability to
   other nodes in area or to prefixes attached to these nodes.  Examples
   of these algorithms are metric based Shortest Path First (SPF),
   various sorts of Constrained SPF, etc.  SR-Algorithm TLV allows a
   router to advertise algorithms that router is currently using to
   other routers in an area.  SR-Algorithm TLV has following structure:

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |            Type               |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |  Algorithm 1  |  Algorithm... |  Algorithm n |                |
   +-                                                             -+
   |                                                               |
   +                                                               +

   where:







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      Type: 8

      Length: variable

      Algorithm: one octet identifying the algorithm.  The following
      value has been defined:

         0: IGP metric based SPT.

   RI LSA can be advertised at any of the defined flooding scopes (link,
   area, or autonomous system (AS)).  For the purpose of the SR-
   Algorithm TLV propagation area scope flooding is required.

3.2.  SID/Label Range TLV

   The SID/Label Range TLV is a TLV of Router Information Opaque LSA
   (defined in [RFC4970]).

   SID/Label Sub-TLV MAY appear multiple times and has following format:

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |               Type          |               Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                      Range Size               |   Reserved    |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                     Sub-TLVs (variable)                       |
   +-                                                             -+
   |                                                               |
   +                                                               +

   where:

      Type: 9

      Length: variable

      Range Size: 3 octets of SID/label range

   Currently the only supported Sub-TLV is the SID/Label TLV as defined
   in Section 2.1.  SID/Label advertised in SID/Label TLV represents the
   first SID/Label from the advertised range.

   RI LSA can be advertised at any of the defined flooding scopes (link,
   area, or autonomous system (AS)).  For the purpose of the SR-
   Capability TLV propagation area scope flooding is required.




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4.  Prefix SID Identifier

   A new extended OSPFv3 LSAs as defined in [I-D.acee-ospfv3-lsa-extend]
   are used to advertise prefix SID in OSPFv3.

4.1.  Prefix SID Sub-TLV

   The Prefix SID Sub-TLV is a Sub-TLV of the following OSPFv3 TLVs as
   defined in [I-D.acee-ospfv3-lsa-extend]:

      Inter-Area Prefix TLV

      External Prefix TLV

      Intra-Area-Prefix TLV

   It MAY appear more than once and has following format:

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |               Type            |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |     Flags       |  Algorithm  |          Range Size           |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                             Index                             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   where:

      Type: 2.

      Length: A 16-bit field that indicates the length of the value
      portion in octets.  Set to 8.

      Flags: 1 octet field.  The following flags are defined:

                              0
                              0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
                             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                             |N|P|M|         |
                             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                             where:







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         N-Flag: Node-SID flag.  If set, then the Prefix-SID refers to
         the router identified by the prefix.  Typically, the N-Flag is
         set on Prefix-SIDs attached to a router loopback address.  The
         N-Flag is set when the Prefix-SID is a Node- SID as described
         in [I-D.filsfils-rtgwg-segment-routing].

         P-Flag: no-PHP flag.  If set, then the penultimate hop MUST NOT
         pop the Prefix-SID before delivering the packet to the node
         that advertised the Prefix-SID.

         M-Flag: Mapping Server Flag.  If set, the SID is advertised
         from the Segment Routing Mapping Server functionality as
         described in [I-D.filsfils-rtgwg-segment-routing-use-cases].

         Other bits: MUST be zero when sent and ignored when received.

      Algorithm: one octet identifying the algorithm the Prefix-SID is
      associated with as defined in Section 3.1.

      Range Size: this field provides the ability to specify a range of
      addresses and their associated Prefix SIDs.  It represents a
      compression scheme to distribute a continuous Prefix and their
      continuous, corresponding SID/Label Block.  If a single SID is
      advertised then the Range Size field MUST be set to 1.  For range
      advertisements > 1, Range Size represents the the number of
      addresses that need to be mapped into a Prefix-SID.

      Index: 32 bits representing the offset to the advertised SID/Label
      range.

   If multiple Prefix-SIDs are advertised for the same prefix, the
   receiving router MUST use the first encoded SID and MAY use the
   subsequent ones.

   P-Flag (no-PHP) MUST be set on the Prefix-SIDs allocated to inter-
   area prefixes that are originated by the ABR based on intra-area or
   inter-area reachability between areas.  In case the inter-area prefix
   is generated based on the prefix which is directly attached to the
   ABR, P-Flag SHOULD NOT be set

   P-Flag (no-PHP) MUST NOT be set on the Prefix-SIDs allocated to
   redistributed prefixes, unless the redistributed prefix is directly
   attached to ASBR, in which case the P-Flag SHOULD NOT be set.

   When M-Flag is set, PHP MUST NOT be done.

   Example 1: if the following router addresses (loopback addresses)
   need to be mapped into the corresponding Prefix SID indexes:



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             Router-A: 192::1/128, Prefix-SID: Index 1
             Router-B: 192::2/128, Prefix-SID: Index 2
             Router-C: 192::3/128, Prefix-SID: Index 3
             Router-D: 192::4/128, Prefix-SID: Index 4

   then the Address Prefix field in Intra-Area Prefix TLV, Inter-Area
   Prefix TLV or External Prefix TLV is set to 192::1, Prefix Length in
   these TLVs would be set to 128, Range Size in Prefix SID sub-TLV
   would be set to 4 and Index value would be set to 1.

   Example 2: If the following prefixes need to be mapped into the
   corresponding Prefix-SID indexes:

             10:1:1::0/120,   Prefix-SID: Index 51
             10:1:1::100/120, Prefix-SID: Index 52
             10:1:1::200/120, Prefix-SID: Index 53
             10:1:1::300/120, Prefix-SID: Index 54
             10:1:1::400/120, Prefix-SID: Index 55
             10:1:1::500/120, Prefix-SID: Index 56
             10:1:1::600/120, Prefix-SID: Index 57

   then the Address Prefix field in Intra-Area Prefix TLV, Inter-Area
   Prefix TLV or External Prefix TLV is set to 10:1:1::0, Prefix Length
   in these TLVs would be set to 120, Range Size in Prefix SID sub-TLV
   would be set to 7 and Index value would be set to 51.

4.2.  SID/Label Binding sub-TLV

   SID/Label Binding sub-TLV is used to advertise SID/Label mapping for
   a prefix or a path to the prefix.  SID/Label value advertised in this
   sub-TLV has local significance (to the router).

   SID/Label Binding sub-TLV is a sub-TLV of the following OSPFv3 TLVs,
   as defined in [I-D.acee-ospfv3-lsa-extend]:

      Inter-Area Prefix TLV

      External Prefix TLV

      Intra-Area-Prefix TLV

   Multiple SID/Label Binding sub-TLVs can be present in above mentioned
   TLVs.  SID/Label Binding sub-TLV has following format:








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    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |              Type             |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |     Flags       |   Weight    |           Range Size          |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                       Sub-TLVs (variable)                     |
   +-                                                             -+
   |                                                               |

   where:

      Type: 3

      Length: variable

      Flags: 1 octet field of following flags:

                              0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
                             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                             |M|             |
                             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

      where:

         M-bit - When the bit is set the binding represents the
         mirroring context as defined in
         [I-D.minto-rsvp-lsp-egress-fast-protection].

      Weight: weight used for load-balancing purposes.  The use of the
      weight is defined in [I-D.filsfils-rtgwg-segment-routing].

      Range Size: usage is the same as described in Section 4.1

   SID/Label Binding sub-TLV currently supports following Sub-TLVs:

      SID/Label sub-TLV as described in Section 2.1.  This sub-TLV MUST
      appear in the SID/Label Binding Sub-TLV and it MUST only appear
      once.

      ERO Metric sub-TLV as defined in Section 4.2.1.

      ERO sub-TLVs as defined in Section 4.2.2.







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4.2.1.  ERO Metric sub-TLV

   ERO Metric sub-TLV is a Sub-TLV of the SID/Label Binding TLV.

   The ERO Metric sub-TLV carries the cost of an ERO path.  It is used
   to compare the cost of a given source/destination path.  A router
   SHOULD advertise the ERO Metric sub-TLV.  The cost of the ERO Metric
   sub-TLV SHOULD be set to the cumulative IGP or TE path cost of the
   advertised ERO.  Since manipulation of the Metric field may attract
   or distract traffic from and to the advertised segment it MAY be
   manually overridden.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |              Type             |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                         Metric (4 octets)                     |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                         ERO Metric sub-TLV format

   where:

      Type: 12

      Length: 4 bytes

      Metric: 4 bytes

4.2.2.  ERO sub-TLVs

   All 'ERO' information represents an ordered set which describes the
   segments of a path.  The last ERO sub-TLV describes the segment
   closest to the egress point, contrary the first ERO sub-TLV describes
   the first segment of a path.  If a router extends or stitches a path
   it MUST prepend the new segments path information to the ERO list.

   The above similarly applies to backup EROs.

   All ERO Sub-TLVs must immediately follow the (SID)/Label Sub-TLV.

   All Backup ERO sub-TLVs must immediately follow last ERO Sub-TLV.

4.2.2.1.  IPv4 ERO sub-TLV

   IPv4 ERO sub-TLV is a sub-TLV of the SID/Label Binding sub-TLV.




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   The IPv4 ERO sub-TLV describes a path segment using IPv4 Address
   style of encoding.  Its semantics have been borrowed from [RFC3209].

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |               Type            |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |      Flags      |                   Reserved                  |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                        IPv4 Address (4 octets)                |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                          IPv4 ERO sub-TLV format

   where:

      Type: 4

      Length: 8 bytes

      Flags: 1 octet field of following flags:

                              0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
                             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                             |L|             |
                             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

      where:

         L-bit - If the L bit is set, then the value of the attribute is
         'loose.'  Otherwise, the value of the attribute is 'strict.'

      IPv4 Address - the address of the explicit route hop.

4.2.2.2.  IPv6 ERO sub-TLV

   IPv6 ERO sub-TLV is a sub-TLV of the SID/Label Binding sub-TLV.

   The IPv6 ERO sub-TLV (Type TBA) describes a path segment using IPv6
   Address style of encoding.  Its semantics have been borrowed from
   [RFC3209].









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       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |              Type             |            Length             |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |      Flags      |                   Reserved                  |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                                                               |
      +-                                                             -+
      |                                                               |
      +-                         IPv6 Address                        -+
      |                                                               |
      +-                                                             -+
      |                                                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                          IPv6 ERO sub-TLV format

   where:

      Type: 5

      Length: 8 bytes

      Flags: 1 octet field of following flags:

                              0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
                             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                             |L|             |
                             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

      where:

         L-bit - If the L bit is set, then the value of the attribute is
         'loose.'  Otherwise, the value of the attribute is 'strict.'

      IPv6 Address - the address of the explicit route hop.

4.2.2.3.  Unnumbered Interface ID ERO sub-TLV

   Unnumbered Interface ID ERO sub-TLV is a sub-TLV of the SID/Label
   Binding sub-TLV.

   The appearance and semantics of the 'Unnumbered Interface ID' have
   been borrowed from [RFC3477].

   The Unnumbered Interface-ID ERO sub-TLV describes a path segment that
   spans over an unnumbered interface.  Unnumbered interfaces are



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   referenced using the interface index.  Interface indices are assigned
   local to the router and therefore not unique within a domain.  All
   elements in an ERO path need to be unique within a domain and hence
   need to be disambiguated using a domain unique Router-ID.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |               Type            |              Length           |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |     Flags     |                  Reserved                     |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                            Router ID                          |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           Interface ID                        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   where:

                Unnumbered Interface ID ERO sub-TLV format

      Type: 6

      Length: 12 bytes

      Flags: 1 octet field of following flags:

                              0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
                             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                             |L|             |
                             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                             where:

         L-bit - If the L bit is set, then the value of the attribute is
         'loose.'  Otherwise, the value of the attribute is 'strict.'

      Router-ID: Router-ID of the next-hop.

      Interface ID: is the identifier assigned to the link by the router
      specified by the Router-ID.

4.2.2.4.  IPv4 Backup ERO sub-TLV

   IPv4 Prefix Backup ERO sub-TLV is a sub-TLV of the SID/Label Binding
   sub-TLV.

   The IPv4 Backup ERO sub-TLV describes a path segment using IPv4



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   Address style of encoding.  Its semantics have been borrowed from
   [RFC3209].

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |              Type             |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   | Flags         |                     Reserved                  |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                    IPv4 Address (4 octets)                    |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                      IPv4 Backup ERO sub-TLV format

   where:

      Type: 7

      Length: 8 bytes

      Flags: 1 octet field of following flags:

                              0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
                             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                             |L|             |
                             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

      where:

         L-bit - If the L bit is set, then the value of the attribute is
         'loose.'  Otherwise, the value of the attribute is 'strict.'

      IPv4 Address - the address of the explicit route hop.

4.2.2.5.  IPv6 Backup ERO sub-TLV

   IPv6 ERO sub-TLV is a sub-TLV of the SID/Label Binding sub-TLV.

   The IPv6 Backup ERO sub-TLV describes a Backup path segment using
   IPv6 Address style of encoding.  Its appearance and semantics have
   been borrowed from [RFC3209].

   The 'L' bit in the Flags is a one-bit attribute.  If the L bit is
   set, then the value of the attribute is 'loose.'  Otherwise, the
   value of the attribute is 'strict.'





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       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |              Type             |            Length             |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |      Flags      |                   Reserved                  |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                                                               |
      +-                                                             -+
      |                                                               |
      +-                         IPv6 Address                        -+
      |                                                               |
      +-                                                             -+
      |                                                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                      IPv6 Backup ERO sub-TLV format

   where:

      Type: 8

      Length: 8 bytes

      Flags: 1 octet field of following flags:

                              0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
                             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                             |L|             |
                             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

      where:

         L-bit - If the L bit is set, then the value of the attribute is
         'loose.'  Otherwise, the value of the attribute is 'strict.'

      IPv6 Address - the address of the explicit route hop.

4.2.2.6.  Unnumbered Interface ID Backup ERO sub-TLV

   Unnumbered Interface ID Backup sub-TLV is a sub-TLV of the SID/Label
   Binding sub-TLV.

   The appearance and semantics of the 'Unnumbered Interface ID' have
   been borrowed from [RFC3477].

   The Unnumbered Interface-ID ERO sub-TLV describes a path segment that
   spans over an unnumbered interface.  Unnumbered interfaces are



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   referenced using the interface index.  Interface indices are assigned
   local to the router and therefore not unique within a domain.  All
   elements in an ERO path need to be unique within a domain and hence
   need to be disambiguated using a domain unique Router-ID.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                Type           |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |      Flags    |                   Reserved                    |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                            Router ID                          |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           Interface ID                        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

             Unnumbered Interface ID Backup ERO sub-TLV format

   where:

      Type: 9

      Length: 12 bytes

      Flags: 1 octet field of following flags:

                              0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
                             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                             |L|             |
                             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

      where:

         L-bit - If the L bit is set, then the value of the attribute is
         'loose.'  Otherwise, the value of the attribute is 'strict.'

      Router-ID: Router-ID of the next-hop.

      Interface ID: is the identifier assigned to the link by the router
      specified by the Router-ID.


5.  Adjacency Segment Identifier (Adj-SID)

   An Adjacency Segment Identifier (Adj-SID) represents a router
   adjacency in Segment Routing.  At the current stage of Segment
   Routing architecture it is assumed that the Adj-SID value has local



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   significance (to the router).

5.1.  Adj-SID sub-TLV

   A new extended OSPFv3 LSAs, as defined in
   [I-D.acee-ospfv3-lsa-extend], are used to advertise prefix SID in
   OSPFv3

   Adj-SID sub-TLV is an optional sub-TLV of the Router-Link TLV as
   defined in [I-D.acee-ospfv3-lsa-extend].  It MAY appear multiple
   times in Router-Link TLV.  Examples where more than one Adj-SID may
   be used per neighbor are described in
   [I-D.filsfils-rtgwg-segment-routing-use-cases].  The structure of the
   Adj-SID Sub-TLV is as follows:

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |               Type            |              Length           |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   | Flags         |     Weight    |             Reserved          |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                      Sub-TLVs (variable)                      |
   +-                                                             -+
   |                                                               |

   where:

      Type: 10.

      Length: variable.

      Flags. 1 octet field of following flags:

                              0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
                             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                             |B|             |
                             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                             where:

         B-Flag: Backup-flag: set if the Adj-SID refer to an adjacency
         being protected (e.g.: using IPFRR or MPLS-FRR) as described in
         [I-D.filsfils-rtgwg-segment-routing-use-cases].







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         Other bits: MUST be zero when originated and ignored when
         received.

      Weight: weight used for load-balancing purposes.  The use of the
      weight is defined in [I-D.filsfils-rtgwg-segment-routing].

      Adj-SID Sub-TLV supports following Sub-TLVs:

         SID/Label sub-TLV as described in Section 2.1.  This TLV MUST
         appear in the Adj-SID sub-TLV and it MUST only appear once.

   A SR capable router MAY allocate an Adj-SID for each of its
   adjacencies and set the B-Flag when the adjacency is protected by a
   FRR mechanism (IP or MPLS) as described in
   [I-D.filsfils-rtgwg-segment-routing-use-cases].

5.2.  LAN Adj-SID Sub-TLV

   LAN Adj-SID is an optional sub-TLV of the Router-Link TLV.  It MAY
   appear multiple times in Router-Link TLV.  It is used to advertise
   SID/Label for adjacency to non-DR node on broadcast or NBMA network.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |              Type             |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |     Flags     |     Weight    |            Reserved           |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           Neighbor ID                         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                      Sub-TLVs (variable)                      |
   +-                                                             -+
   |                                                               |

   where:

      Type: 11.

      Length: variable.

      Flags. 1 octet field of following flags:

                              0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
                             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                             |B|             |
                             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+




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                             where:

         B-Flag: Backup-flag: set if the LAN-Adj-SID refer to an
         adjacency being protected (e.g.: using IPFRR or MPLS-FRR) as
         described in [I-D.filsfils-rtgwg-segment-routing-use-cases].

         Other bits: MUST be zero when originated and ignored when
         received.

      Weight: weight used for load-balancing purposes.  The use of the
      weight is defined in [I-D.filsfils-rtgwg-segment-routing].

      LAN Adj-SID Sub-TLV supports following Sub-TLVs:

         SID/Label sub-TLV as described in Section 2.1.  This TLV MUST
         appear in the Adj-SID sub-TLV and it MUST only appear once.


6.  Elements of Procedure

6.1.  Intra-area Segment routing in OSPFv3

   The OSPFv3 node that supports segment routing MAY advertise Prefix-
   SIDs for any prefix that it is advertising reachability for (e.g.
   loopback IP address) as described in Section 4.1.

   If multiple routers advertise Prefix-SID for the same prefix, then
   the Prefix-SID MUST be the same.  This is required in order to allow
   traffic load-balancing if multiple equal cost paths to the
   destination exist in the network.

   Prefix-SID can also be advertised by the SR Mapping Servers (as
   described in [I-D.filsfils-rtgwg-segment-routing-use-cases]).  The
   Mapping Server advertises Prefix-SID for remote prefixes that exist
   in the network.  Multiple Mapping Servers can advertise Prefix-SID
   for the same prefix, in which case the same Prefix-SID MUST be
   advertised by all of them.  SR Mapping Server could use either area
   scope or autonomous system flooding scope when advertising Prefix SID
   for prefixes, based on the configuration of the SR Mapping Server.
   Depending on the flooding scope used, SR Mapping Server chooses the
   LSA that will be used.  If the area flooding scope is needed,
   E-Intra-Area-Prefix-LSA ([I-D.acee-ospfv3-lsa-extend]) is used.  If
   autonomous system flooding scope is needed, E-AS-External-LSA
   ([I-D.acee-ospfv3-lsa-extend]) is used.

   When Prefix-SID is advertised by the Mapping Server, which is
   indicated by the M-flag in the Prefix-SID sub-TLV (Section 4.1),
   route-type as indicated by the LSA type which is being used for



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   flooding is ignored.  Prefix SID is bound to a prefix, in which case
   route-type becomes unimportant.

   Advertisement of the Prefix-SID by the Mapping Server using Inter-
   Area Prefix TLV, External Prefix TLV or Intra-Area-Prefix TLV
   ([I-D.acee-ospfv3-lsa-extend]) does not itself contribute to the
   prefix reachability.  NU-bit MUST be set in the PrefixOptions field
   of the LSA which is used by the Mapping Server to advertise SID or
   SID range, which prevents such advertisement to contribute to the
   prefix reachability.

6.2.  Inter-area Segment routing in OSPFv3

   In order to support SR in a multi-area environment, OSPFv3 must
   propagate Prefix-SID information between areas.  The following
   procedure is used in order to propagate Prefix SIDs between areas.

   When an OSPFv3 ABR advertises a Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA from an intra-
   area prefix to all its connected areas, it will also include Prefix-
   SID sub-TLV, as described in Section 4.1.  The Prefix-SID value will
   be set as follows:

      The ABR will look at its best path to the prefix in the source
      area and find out the advertising router associated with its best
      path to that prefix.

      If no Prefix-SID was advertised for the prefix in the source area
      by the router that contributes to the best path to the prefix,
      then the ABR will use the Prefix-SID advertised by any other
      router (e.g.: a Prefix-SID coming from an SR Mapping Server as
      defined in [I-D.filsfils-rtgwg-segment-routing-use-cases]) when
      propagating Prefix-SID for the prefix to other areas.

   When an OSPFv3 ABR advertises Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA LSAs from an
   inter-area route to all its connected areas it will also include
   Prefix-SID sub-TLV, as described in Section 4.1.  The Prefix-SID
   value will be set as follows:

      The ABR will look at its best path to the prefix in the source
      area and find out the advertising router associated with its best
      path to that prefix.

      The ABR will then look if such router advertised a Prefix-SID for
      the prefix and use it when advertising the Prefix-SID to other
      connected areas.






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      If no Prefix-SID was advertised for the prefix in the source area
      by the ABR that contributes to the best path to the prefix, the
      originating ABR will use the Prefix-SID advertised by any other
      router (e.g.: a Prefix-SID coming from an SR Mapping Server as
      defined in [I-D.filsfils-rtgwg-segment-routing-use-cases]) when
      propagating Prefix-SID for the prefix to other areas.

6.3.  SID for External Prefixes

   AS-External-LSAs are flooded domain wide.  When an ASBR, which
   supports SR, generates AS-External-LSA, it should also include
   Prefix-SID sub-TLV, as described in Section 4.1 Prefix-SID value will
   be set to the SID that has been reserved for that prefix.

   When a NSSA ASBR translates NSSA-LSA into AS-External-LSA, it should
   also advertise the Prefix-SID for the prefix.  The NSSA ABR
   determines its best path to the prefix advertised in the translated
   NSSA-LSA and finds the advertising router associated with such path.
   If such advertising router has advertised a Prefix-SID for the
   prefix, then the NSSA ASBR uses it when advertising the Prefix-SID in
   AS-External-LSA.  Otherwise the Prefix-SID advertised by any other
   router will be used (e.g.: a Prefix-SID coming from an SR Mapping
   Server as defined in [I-D.filsfils-rtgwg-segment-routing-use-cases]).

6.4.  Advertisement of Adj-SID

   The Adjacency Segment Routing Identifier (Adj-SID) is advertised
   using the Adj-SID Sub-TLV as described in Section 5.

6.4.1.  Advertisement of Adj-SID on Point-to-Point Links

   Adj-SID MAY be advertised for any adjacency on p2p link that is in a
   state 2-Way or higher.  If the adjacency on a p2p link transitions
   from the FULL state, then the Adj-SID for that adjacency MAY be
   removed from the area.  If the adjacency transitions to a state lower
   then 2-Way, then the Adj-SID MUST be removed from the area.

6.4.2.  Adjacency SID on Broadcast or NBMA Interfaces

   Broadcast or NBMA networks in OSPFv3 are represented by a star
   topology where the Designated Router (DR) is the central point all
   other routers on the broadcast or NBMA network connect to.  As a
   result, routers on the broadcast or NBMA network advertise only their
   adjacency to DR and BDR.  Routers that are neither DR nor BDR do not
   form and do not advertise adjacencies between them.  They, however,
   maintain a 2-Way adjacency state between them.

   When Segment Routing is used, each router on the broadcast or NBMA



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   network MAY advertise the Adj-SID for its adjacency to DR using Adj-
   SID Sub-TLV as described in Section 5.1.

   SR capable router MAY also advertise Adj-SID for other neighbors
   (e.g.  BDR, DR-OTHER) on broadcast or NBMA network using the LAN ADJ-
   SID Sub-TLV as described in section 5.1.1.2.  Section 5.2.


7.  IANA Considerations

   This specification updates OSPFv3 Extend-LSA sub-TLV registry and
   allocates following sub-TLVs:

   o 1 - SID/Label sub-TLV

   o 2 - Prefix SID sub-TLV

   o 3 - SID/Label Binding sub-TLV

   o 4 - IPv4 ERO sub-TLV

   o 5 - IPv6 ERO sub-TLV

   o 6 - Unnumbered Interface ID ERO sub-TLV

   o 7 - IPv4 Backup ERO sub-TLV

   o 8 - IPv6 Backup ERO sub-TLV

   o 9 - Unnumbered Interface ID Backup ERO sub-TLV

   o 10 - Adj-SID sub-TLV

   o 11 - LAN Adj-SID sub-TLV

   o 12 - ERO Metric sub-TLV


8.  Security Considerations

   Implementations must assure that malformed permutations of the newly
   defined sub-TLvs do not result in errors which cause hard OSPFv3
   failures.


9.  Contributors

   The following people gave a substantial contribution to the content



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   of this document: Ahmed Bashandy, Martin Horneffer, Bruno Decraene,
   Stephane Litkowski, Igor Milojevic, Rob Shakir and Saku Ytti.


10.  Acknowledgements

   We would like to thank Anton Smirnov for his contribution.

   Many thanks to Yakov Rekhter, John Drake and Shraddha Hedge for their
   contribution on earlier incarnations of the "Binding / MPLS Label
   TLV" in [I-D.gredler-ospf-label-advertisement].


11.  References

11.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC3209]  Awduche, D., Berger, L., Gan, D., Li, T., Srinivasan, V.,
              and G. Swallow, "RSVP-TE: Extensions to RSVP for LSP
              Tunnels", RFC 3209, December 2001.

   [RFC3477]  Kompella, K. and Y. Rekhter, "Signalling Unnumbered Links
              in Resource ReSerVation Protocol - Traffic Engineering
              (RSVP-TE)", RFC 3477, January 2003.

   [RFC4970]  Lindem, A., Shen, N., Vasseur, JP., Aggarwal, R., and S.
              Shaffer, "Extensions to OSPF for Advertising Optional
              Router Capabilities", RFC 4970, July 2007.

11.2.  Informative References

   [I-D.acee-ospfv3-lsa-extend]
              Lindem, A., Mirtorabi, S., Roy, A., and F. Baker, "OSPFv3
              LSA Extendibility", draft-acee-ospfv3-lsa-extend-02 (work
              in progress), September 2013.

   [I-D.filsfils-rtgwg-segment-routing]
              Filsfils, C., Previdi, S., Bashandy, A., Decraene, B.,
              Litkowski, S., Horneffer, M., Milojevic, I., Shakir, R.,
              Ytti, S., Henderickx, W., Tantsura, J., and E. Crabbe,
              "Segment Routing Architecture",
              draft-filsfils-rtgwg-segment-routing-01 (work in
              progress), October 2013.

   [I-D.filsfils-rtgwg-segment-routing-use-cases]



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              Filsfils, C., Francois, P., Previdi, S., Decraene, B.,
              Litkowski, S., Horneffer, M., Milojevic, I., Shakir, R.,
              Ytti, S., Henderickx, W., Tantsura, J., Kini, S., and E.
              Crabbe, "Segment Routing Use Cases",
              draft-filsfils-rtgwg-segment-routing-use-cases-02 (work in
              progress), October 2013.

   [I-D.gredler-ospf-label-advertisement]
              Gredler, H., Amante, S., Scholl, T., and L. Jalil,
              "Advertising MPLS labels in OSPF",
              draft-gredler-ospf-label-advertisement-03 (work in
              progress), May 2013.

   [I-D.minto-rsvp-lsp-egress-fast-protection]
              Jeganathan, J., Gredler, H., and Y. Shen, "RSVP-TE LSP
              egress fast-protection",
              draft-minto-rsvp-lsp-egress-fast-protection-03 (work in
              progress), November 2013.


Authors' Addresses

   Peter Psenak (editor)
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   Apollo Business Center
   Mlynske nivy 43
   Bratislava  821 09
   Slovakia

   Email: ppsenak@cisco.com


   Stefano Previdi (editor)
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   Via Del Serafico, 200
   Rome  00142
   Italy

   Email: sprevidi@cisco.com


   Clarence Filsfils
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   Brussels,
   Belgium

   Email: cfilsfil@cisco.com




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   Hannes Gredler
   Juniper Networks, Inc.
   1194 N. Mathilda Ave.
   Sunnyvale, CA  94089
   US

   Email: hannes@juniper.net


   Rob Shakir
   British Telecom
   London
   UK

   Email: rob.shakir@bt.com


   Wim Henderickx
   Alcatel-Lucent
   Copernicuslaan 50
   Antwerp  2018
   BE

   Email: wim.henderickx@alcatel-lucent.com



























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