Network Working Group                                        P. Thatcher
Internet-Draft                                                    Google
Intended status: Standards Track                               M. Zanaty
Expires: April 17, 2016                                    S. Nandakumar
                                                           Cisco Systems
                                                                A. Roach
                                                                 Mozilla
                                                               B. Burman
                                                                Ericsson
                                                               B. Campen
                                                                 Mozilla
                                                        October 15, 2015


                     RTP Payload Format Constraints
                     draft-pthatcher-mmusic-rid-01

Abstract

   In this specification, we define a framework for identifying Source
   RTP Streams with the constraints on its payload format in the Session
   Description Protocol.  This framework uses "rid" SDP attribute to: a)
   effectively identify the Source RTP Streams within a RTP Session, b)
   constrain their payload format parameters in a codec-agnostic way
   beyond what is provided with the regular Payload Types and c) enable
   unambiguous mapping between the Source RTP Streams to their media
   format specification in the SDP.

   Note-1: The name 'rid' is not yet finalized.  Please refer to
   Section 12 for more details on the naming.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on April 17, 2016.




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Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2015 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   2.  Key Words for Requirements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   3.  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   4.  Motivation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   5.  SDP 'rid' Media Level Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   6.  'rid-level' constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   7.  SDP Offer/Answer Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     7.1.  Generating the Initial SDP Offer  . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     7.2.  Answerer processing the SDP Offer . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
       7.2.1.  'rid' unaware Answerer  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
       7.2.2.  'rid' aware Answerer  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     7.3.  Generating the SDP Answer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     7.4.  Offering Processing of the SDP Answer . . . . . . . . . .   9
     7.5.  Modifying the Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   8.  Usage of 'rid' in RTP and RTCP  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     8.1.  RTP 'rid' Header Extension  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     8.2.  RTCP 'RID' SDES Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   9.  Interaction with Other Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   10. Formal Grammar  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   11. SDP Examples  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
     11.1.  Many Bundled Streams using Many Codecs . . . . . . . . .  14
     11.2.  Simulcast  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
     11.3.  Scalable Layers  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
     11.4.  Simulcast with Payload Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
   12. Open Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
     12.1.  Name of the identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
   13. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
     13.1.  New RTP Header Extension URI . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
     13.2.  New SDES item  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
     13.3.  New SDP Media-Level attribute  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
     13.4.  Registry for RID-Level Parameters  . . . . . . . . . . .  19



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   14. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20
   15. Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  21
   16. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  21
     16.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  21
     16.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  21
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  22

1.  Introduction

   Payload Type (PT) in RTP provides mapping between the format of the
   RTP payload and the media format description specified in the
   signaling.  For applications that use SDP for signaling, the
   constructs rtpmap and/or fmtp describe the characteristics of the
   media that is carried in the RTP payload, mapped to a given PT.

   Recent advances in standards such as RTCWEB and NETVC have given rise
   to rich multimedia applications requiring support for multiple RTP
   Streams with in a RTP session
   [I-D.ietf-mmusic-sdp-bundle-negotiation],
   [I-D.ietf-mmusic-sdp-simulcast] or having to support multiple codecs,
   for example.  These demands have unearthed challenges inherent with:

   o  The restricted RTP PT space in specifying the various payload
      configurations,

   o  The codec-specific constructs for the payload formats in SDP,

   o  Missing or underspecied payload format parameters,

   o  Ambiguity in mapping between the individual Source RTP Streams and
      their equivalent format specification in the SDP.

   This specification defines a new SDP framework for constraining
   Source RTP Streams (Section 2.1.10
   [I-D.ietf-avtext-rtp-grouping-taxonomy]), called "Restriction
   Identifier (rid)", along with the SDP attributes to constrain their
   payload formats in a codec-agnostic way.  The "rid" framework can be
   thought of as complementary extension to the way the media format
   parameters are specified in SDP today, via the "a=fmtp" attribute.
   This specification also proposes a new RTP header extension to carry
   the "rid" value, to provide correlation between the RTP Packets and
   their format specification in the SDP.

   Note that the "rid" parameters only serve to further constrain the
   parameters that are established on a PT format.  They do not relax
   any existing constraints.





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   As described in Section 7.2.1, this mechanism achieves backwards
   compatibility via the normal SDP processing rules, which require
   unknown a= parameters to be ignored.  This means that implementations
   need to be prepared to handle successful offers and answers from
   other implementations that neither indicate nor honor the constraints
   requested by this mechanism.

   Further, as described in Section 7 and its subsections, this
   mechanism achieves extensibility by: (a) having offerers include all
   supported constraints in their offer, abd (b) having answerers ignore
   a=rid lines that specify unknown constraints.

2.  Key Words for Requirements

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119]

3.  Terminology

   The terms Source RTP Stream, Endpoint, RTP Session, and RTP Stream
   are used as defined in [I-D.ietf-avtext-rtp-grouping-taxonomy].

   [RFC4566] and [RFC3264] terminology is also used where appropriate.

4.  Motivation

   This section summarizes several motivations for proposing the "rid"
   framework.

   1.  RTP PT Space Exhaustion: [RFC3550] defines payload type (PT) that
       identifies the format of the RTP payload and determine its
       interpretation by the application.  [RFC3550] assigns 7 bits for
       the PT in the RTP header.  However, the assignment of static
       mapping of payload codes to payload formats and multiplexing of
       RTP with other protocols (such as RTCP) could result in limited
       number of payload type numbers available for the application
       usage.  In scenarios where the number of possible RTP payload
       configurations exceed the available PT space within a RTP
       Session, there is need a way to represent the additional payload
       configurations and also to effectively map a Source RTP Stream to
       its configuration in the signaling.

   2.  Codec-Specific Media Format Specification in SDP: RTP Payload
       configuration is typically specified using rtpmap and fmtp SDP
       attributes.  The rtpmap attribute provides the media format to
       RTP PT mapping and the ftmp attribute describes the media format
       specific parameters.  The syntax for the fmtp attribute is



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       tightly coupled to a specific media format (such as H.264, H.265,
       VP8).  This has resulted in a myriad ways for defining the
       attributes that are common across different media formats.
       Additionally, with the advent of new standards efforts such as
       NETVC, one can expect more media formats to be standardized in
       the future.  Thus, there is a need to define common media
       characteristics in a codec-agnostic way in order to reduce the
       duplicated efforts and to simplify the syntactic representation
       across the different codec standards.

   3.  Multi-source and Multi-stream Use Cases: Recently, there is a
       rising trend with real-time multimedia applications supporting
       multiple sources per endpoint with various temporal resolutions
       (Scalable Video Codec) and spatial resolutions (Simulcast) per
       source.  These applications are being challenged by the limited
       RTP PT space and/or by the underspecified SDP constructs for
       exercising granular control on configuring the individual Source
       RTP Streams.

5.  SDP 'rid' Media Level Attribute

   This section defines new SDP media-level attribute [RFC4566],
   "a=rid".  Roughly speaking, this attribute takes the following form
   (see Section 10 for a formal definition).

a=rid:<rid-identifier> <direction> pt=<fmt-list>;<constraint>=<value>...


   A given "a=rid" SDP media attribute specifies constraints defining an
   unique RTP payload configuration identified via the "rid-identifier".
   A set of codec-agnostic "rid-level" constraints are defined
   (Section 6) that describe the media format specification applicable
   to one or more Payload Types speicified by the "a=rid" line.

   The 'rid' framework MAY be used in combination with the 'a=fmtp' SDP
   attribute for describing the media format parameters for a given RTP
   Payload Type.  However in such scenarios, the 'rid-level' constraints
   (Section 6) further constrains the equivalent 'fmtp' attributes.

   The 'direction' identifies the either 'send', 'recv' directionality
   of the Source RTP Stream.

   A given SDP media description MAY have zero or more "a=rid" lines
   describing various possible RTP payload configurations.  A given
   'rid-identifier' MUST not be repeated in a given media description.

   The 'rid' media attribute MAY be used for any RTP-based media
   transport.  It is not defined for other transports.



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   Though the 'rid-level' attributes specified by the 'rid' property
   follow the syntax similar to session-level and media-level
   attributes, they are defined independently.  All 'rid-level'
   attributes MUST be registered with IANA, using the registry defined
   in Section 13

   Section 10 gives a formal Augmented Backus-Naur Form (ABNF) [RFC5234]
   grammar for the "rid" attribute.

   The "a=rid" media attribute is not dependent on charset.

6.  'rid-level' constraints

   This section defines the 'rid-level' constraints that can be used to
   constrain the RTP payload encoding format in a codec-agnostic way.

   The following constraints are intended to apply to video codecs in a
   codec-independent fashion.

   o  max-width, for spatial resolution in pixels.  In the case that
      stream orientation signaling is used to modify the intended
      display orientation, this attribute refers to the width of the
      stream when a rotation of zero degrees is encoded.

   o  max-height, for spatial resolution in pixels.  In the case that
      stream orientation signaling is used to modify the intended
      display orientation, this attribute refers to the width of the
      stream when a rotation of zero degrees is encoded.

   o  max-fps, for frame rate in frames per second.  For encoders that
      do not use a fixed framerate for encoding, this value should
      constrain the minimum amount of time between frames: the time
      between any two consecutive frames SHOULD not be less than 1/max-
      fps seconds.

   o  max-fs, for frame size in pixels per frame.

   o  max-br, for bit rate in bits per second.  The restriction applies
      to the media payload only, and does not include overhead
      introduced by other layers (e.g., RTP, UDP, IP, or Ethernet).  The
      exact means of keeping within this limit are left up to the
      implementation, and instantaneous excursions outside the limit are
      permissible.  For any given one-second sliding window, however,
      the total number of bits in the payload portion of RTP SHOULD NOT
      exceed the value specified in "max-br."

   o  max-pps, for pixel rate in pixels per second.  This value SHOULD
      be handled identically to max-fps, after performing the following



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      conversion: max-fps = max-pps / (width * height).  If the stream
      resolution changes, this value is recalculated.  Due to this
      recalculation, excursions outside the specified maximum are
      possible during near resolution change boundaries.

   All the constraints are optional and are subjected to negotiation
   based on the SDP Offer/Answer rules described in Section 7

   This list is intended to be an initial set of constraints; future
   documents may define additional constraints; see Section 13.4.  While
   this document doesn't define constraints for audio codecs, there is
   no reason such constraints should be precluded from definition and
   registration by other documents.

   Section 10 provides formal Augmented Backus-Naur Form(ABNF) [RFC5234]
   grammar for each of the "rid-level" attributes defined in this
   section.

7.  SDP Offer/Answer Procedures

   This section describes the SDP Offer/Answer [RFC3264] procedures when
   using the 'rid' framework.

7.1.  Generating the Initial SDP Offer

   For each media description in the offer, the offerer MAY choose to
   include one or more "a=rid" lines to specify a configuration profile
   for the given set of RTP Payload Types.

   In order to construct a given "a=rid" line, the offerer must follow
   the below steps:

   1.  It MUST generate a 'rid-identifier' that is unique within a media
       description

   2.  It MUST set the direction for the 'rid-identifier' to one of
       'send' or 'recv'

   3.  It MAY include a listing of SDP format tokens (usually
       corresponding to RTP payload types) to which the constraints
       expressed by the 'rid-level' attributes apply.  Any Payload Types
       chosen MUST either be defined as part of "a=rtpmap" or "a=fmtp"
       attributes.

   4.  The Offerer then chooses the 'rid-level' constraints (Section 6)
       to be applied for the rid, and adds them to the "a=rid" line.  If
       it wishes the answer to have the ability to specify a constraint,
       but does not wish to set a value itself, it MUST include the name



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       of the constraint in the "a=rid" line, but without any indicated
       value.

   Note: If an 'a=fmtp' attribute is also used to provide media-format-
   specific parameters, then the 'rid-level' attributes will further
   constrain the equivalent 'fmtp' parameters for the given Payload Type
   for those streams associated with the 'rid'.

7.2.  Answerer processing the SDP Offer

   For each media description in the offer, and for each "a=rid"
   attribute in the media description, the receiver of the offer will
   perform the following steps:

7.2.1.  'rid' unaware Answerer

   If the receiver doesn't support the 'rid' framework proposed in this
   specification, the entire "a=rid" line is ignored following the
   standard [RFC3264] Offer/Answer rules.  If a given codec would
   require 'a=fmtp' line when used without "a=rid" then the offer still
   needs to include that even when using RID.

7.2.2.  'rid' aware Answerer

   If the answerer supports 'rid' framework, the following steps are
   executed, in order, for each "a=rid" line in a given media
   description:

   1.  Extract the rid-identifier from the "a=rid" line and verify its
       uniqueness.  In the case of a duplicate, the entire "a=rid" line
       is rejected and MUST not be included in the SDP Answer.

   2.  If the "a=rid" line contains a "pt=" parameter, the list of
       payload types is verified against the list obtained from
       "a=rtpmap" and/or "a=fmtp" attributes.  If there is no match for
       the Payload Type listed in the "a=rid" line, then remove the
       "a=rid" line.

   3.  The answerer ensures that "rid-level" parameters listed are
       supported and syntactically well formed.  In the case of a syntax
       error or an unsupported parameter, the "a=rid" line is removed.

   4.  If the 'depend' rid-level attribute is included, the answerer
       MUST make sure that the rid-identifiers listed unambiguously
       match the rid-identifiers in the SDP offer.  Any lines that do
       not are removed.





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   5.  if the "a=rid" line contains a "pt=" parameter, the answerer
       verifies that the attribute values provided in the "rid-level"
       attributes are consistent with the corrsponding codecs and their
       other parameters.  See Section 9 for more detail.  If the rid-
       level parameters are incompatible with the other codec
       properties, then the "a=rid" line is removed.

7.3.  Generating the SDP Answer

   Having performed the verification of the SDP offer as described, the
   answerer shall perform the following steps to generate the SDP
   answer.

   For each "a=rid" line:

   1.  The answerer MAY choose to modify specific 'rid-level' attribute
       value in the answer SDP.  In such a case, the modified value MUST
       be more constrained than the ones specified in the offer.  The
       answer MUST NOT include any constraints that were not present in
       the offer.

   2.  The answerer MUST NOT modify the 'rid-identifier' present in the
       offer.

   3.  The answerer is allowed to remove one or more media formats from
       a given 'a=rid' line.  If the answerer chooses to remove all the
       media format tokens from an "a=rid" line, the answerer MUST
       remove the entire "a=rid" line.

   4.  In cases where the answerer is unable to support the payload
       configuration specified in a given "a=rid" line in the offer, the
       answerer MUST remove the corresponding "a=rid" line.  This
       includes situations in which the answerer does not understand one
       or more of the constraints in the "a=rid" line that has an
       associated value.

7.4.  Offering Processing of the SDP Answer

   The offerer shall follow the steps similar to answerer's offer
   processing with the following exceptions

   1.  The offerer MUST ensure that the 'rid-identifiers' aren't changed
       between the offer and the answer.  If so, the offerer MUST
       consider the corresponding 'a=rid' line as rejected.

   2.  If there exist changes in the 'rid-level' attribute values, the
       offerer MUST ensure that the modifications can be supported or
       else consider the "a=rid" line as rejected.



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   3.  If the SDP answer contains any "rid-identifier" that doesn't
       match with the offer, the offerer MUST ignore the corresponding
       "a=rid" line.

   4.  if the "a=rid" line contains a "pt=" parameter, the offerer
       verifies that the attribute values provided in the "rid-level"
       attributes are consistent with the corrsponding codecs and their
       other parameters.  See Section 9 for more detail.  If the rid-
       level parameters are incompatible with the other codec
       properties, then the "a=rid" line is removed.

7.5.  Modifying the Session

   Offers and answers inside an existing session follow the rules for
   initial session negotiation.  Such an offer MAY propose a change the
   number of RIDs in use.  To avoid race conditions with media, any RIDs
   with proposed changes SHOULD use a new ID, rather than re-using one
   from the previous offer/answer exchange.  RIDs without proposed
   changes SHOULD re-use the ID from the previous exchange.

8.  Usage of 'rid' in RTP and RTCP

   The RTP fixed header includes the payload type number and the SSRC
   values of the RTP stream.  RTP defines how you de-multiplex streams
   within an RTP session, but in some use cases applications need
   further identifiers in order to effectively map the individual RTP
   Streams to their equivalent payload configurations in the SDP.

   This specification defines a new RTP header extension [RFC5285] to
   include the 'rid-identifier'.  This makes it possible for a receiver
   to associate received RTP packets (identifying the Source RTP Stream)
   with a media description having the format constraint specified.
   This specification also defines a new RTCP SDES item [RFC3550],
   'RID', which is used to carry rids within RTCP SDES packets.

8.1.  RTP 'rid' Header Extension

   The payload, containing the identification-tag, of the RTP 'rid-
   identifier' header extension element can be encoded using either the
   one-byte or two-byte header [RFC5285].  The identification-tag
   payload is UTF-8 encoded, as in SDP.

   As the identification-tag is included in an RTP header extension,
   there should be some consideration about the packet expansion caused
   by the identification-tag.  To avoid Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)
   issues for the RTP packets, the header extension's size needs to be
   taken into account when the encoding media.  Note that set of header




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   extensions included in the packet needs to be padded to the next
   32-bit boundary using zero bytes [RFC5285]

   It is recommended that the identification-tag is kept short.  Due to
   the properties of the RTP header extension mechanism, when using the
   one-byte header, a tag that is 1-3 bytes will result in that a
   minimal number of 32-bit words are used for the RTP header extension,
   in case no other header extensions are included at the same time.  In
   many cases, a one-byte tag will be sufficient; it is RECOMMENDED that
   implementations use the shortest tag that fits their purposes.

8.2.  RTCP 'RID' SDES Extension

        0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |      MID=TBD  |     length    | rid                         ...
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


   The rid payload is UTF-8 encoded and is not null-terminated.

      RFC EDITOR NOTE: Please replace TBD with the assigned SDES
      identifier value.

9.  Interaction with Other Techniques

   Historically, a number of other approaches have been defined that
   allow constraining media streams via SDP parameters.  These include:

   o  Codec-specific configuration set via format parameters ("a=fmtp");
      for example, the H.264 "max-fs" format parameter

   o  Size restrictions imposed by image attribute attributes
      ("a=imgattr") [RFC6236]

   When the mechanism described in this document is used in conjunction
   with these other restricting mechanisms, it is intended to impose
   additional restrictions beyond those communicated in other
   techniques.

   In an offer, this means that a=rid lines, when combined with other
   restrictions on the media stream, are expected to result in a non-
   empty union.  For example, if image attributes are used to indicate
   that a PT has a minimum width of 640, then specification of "max-
   width=320" in an "a=rid" line that is then applied to that PT is
   nonsensical.  According to the rules of Section 7.2.2, this will
   result in the corresponding "a=rid" line being ignored by the
   recipient.



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   Similarly, an answer the a=rid lines, when combined with the other
   restrictions on the media stream, are also expected to result in a
   non-empty union.  If the implementation generating an answer wishes
   to restrict a property of the stream below that which would be
   allowed by other parameters (e.g., those specified in "a=fmtp" or
   "a=imgattr"), its only recourse is to remove the "a=rid" line
   altogether, as described in Section 7.3.  If it instead attempts to
   constrain the stream beyond what is allowed by other mechanisms, then
   the offerer will ignore the corresponding "a=rid" line, as described
   in Section 7.4.

10.  Formal Grammar

   This section gives a formal Augmented Backus-Naur Form (ABNF)
   [RFC5234] grammar for each of the new media and rid-level attributes
   defined in this document.



































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   rid-syntax        = "a=rid:" rid-identifier SP rid-dir
                       [ rid-pt-param-list / rid-param-list ]

   rid-identifier    = 1*(alpha-numeric / "-" / "_")

   rid-dir           = "send" / "recv"

   rid-pt-param-list = SP rid-fmt-list *(";" rid-param)

   rid-param-list    = SP rid-param *(";" rid-param)

   rid-fmt-list      = "pt=" fmt *( "," fmt )
                        ; fmt defined in {{RFC4566}}

   rid-param         = rid-width-param
                       / rid-height-param
                       / rid-fps-param
                       / rid-fs-param
                       / rid-br-param
                       / rid-pps-param
                       / rid-depend-param
                       / rid-param-other

   rid-width-param   = "max-width" [ "=" int-param-val ]

   rid-height-param  = "max-height" [ "=" int-param-val ]

   rid-fps-param     = "max-fps" [ "=" int-param-val ]

   rid-fs-param      = "max-fs" [ "=" int-param-val ]

   rid-br-param      = "max-br" [ "=" int-param-val ]

   rid-pps-param     = "max-pps" [ "=" int-param-val ]

   rid-depend-param  = "depend=" rid-list

   rid-param-other   = 1*(alpha-numeric / "-") [ "=" param-val ]

   rid-list          = rid-identifier *( "," rid-identifier )

   int-param-val     = 1*DIGIT

   param-val         = *( %x20-58 / %x60-7E )
                       ; Any printable character except semicolon






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11.  SDP Examples

11.1.  Many Bundled Streams using Many Codecs

   In this scenario, the offerer supports the Opus, G.722, G.711 and
   DTMF audio codecs, and VP8, VP9, H.264 (CBP/CHP, mode 0/1), H.264-SVC
   (SCBP/SCHP) and H.265 (MP/M10P) for video.  An 8-way video call (to a
   mixer) is supported (send 1 and receive 7 video streams) by offering
   7 video media sections (1 sendrecv at max resolution and 6 recvonly
   at smaller resolutions), all bundled on the same port, using 3
   different resolutions.  The resolutions include:

   o  1 receive stream of 720p resolution is offered for the active
      speaker.

   o  2 receive streams of 360p resolution are offered for the prior 2
      active speakers.

   o  4 receive streams of 180p resolution are offered for others in the
      call.

   Expressing all these codecs and resolutions using 32 dynamic PTs (2
   audio + 10x3 video) would exhaust the primary dynamic space (96-127).
   RIDs are used to avoid PT exhaustion and express the resolution
   constraints.

   NOTE: The SDP given below skips few lines to keep the example short
   and focused, as indicated by either the "..." or the comments
   inserted.

                                       Example 1


   Offer:
   ...
   m=audio 10000 RTP/SAVPF 96 9 8 0 123
   a=rtpmap:96 OPUS/48000
   a=rtpmap:9 G722/8000
   a=rtpmap:8 PCMA/8000
   a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000
   a=rtpmap:123 telephone-event/8000
   a=mid:a1
   ...
   m=video 10000 RTP/SAVPF 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107
   a=rtpmap:98 VP8/90000
   a=fmtp:98 max-fs=3600; max-fr=30
   a=rtpmap:99 VP9/90000
   a=fmtp:99 max-fs=3600; max-fr=30



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   a=rtpmap:100 H264/90000
   a=fmtp:100 profile-level-id=42401f; packetization-mode=0
   a=rtpmap:101 H264/90000
   a=fmtp:101 profile-level-id=42401f; packetization-mode=1
   a=rtpmap:102 H264/90000
   a=fmtp:102 profile-level-id=640c1f; packetization-mode=0
   a=rtpmap:103 H264/90000
   a=fmtp:103 profile-level-id=640c1f; packetization-mode=1
   a=rtpmap:104 H264-SVC/90000
   a=fmtp:104 profile-level-id=530c1f
   a=rtpmap:105 H264-SVC/90000
   a=fmtp:105 profile-level-id=560c1f
   a=rtpmap:106 H265/90000
   a=fmtp:106 profile-id=1; level-id=93
   a=rtpmap:107 H265/90000
   a=fmtp:107 profile-id=2; level-id=93
   a=sendrecv
   a=mid:v1 (max resolution)
   a=rid:1 send max-width=1280;max-height=720;max-fps=30
   a=rid:2 recv max-width=1280;max-height=720;max-fps=30
   ...
   m=video 10000 RTP/SAVPF 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107
   ...same rtpmap/fmtp as above...
   a=recvonly
   a=mid:v2 (medium resolution)
   a=rid:3 recv max-width=640;max-height=360;max-fps=15
   ...
   m=video 10000 RTP/SAVPF 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107
   ...same rtpmap/fmtp as above...
   a=recvonly
   a=mid:v3 (medium resolution)
   a=rid:3 recv max-width=640;max-height=360;max-fps=15
   ...
   m=video 10000 RTP/SAVPF 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107
   ...same rtpmap/fmtp as above...
   a=recvonly
   a=mid:v4 (small resolution)
   a=rid:4 recv max-width=320;max-height=180;max-fps=15
   ...
   m=video 10000 RTP/SAVPF 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107
   ...same rtpmap/fmtp as above...
   ...same rid:4 as above for mid:v5,v6,v7 (small resolution)...
   ...


   Answer:
   ...same as offer but swap send/recv...




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11.2.  Simulcast

   Adding simulcast to the above example allows the mixer to selectively
   forward streams like an SFU rather than transcode high resolutions to
   lower ones.  Simulcast encodings can be expressed using PTs or RIDs.
   Using PTs can exhaust the primary dynamic space even faster in
   simulcast scenarios.  So RIDs are used to avoid PT exhaustion and
   express the encoding constraints.  In the example below, 3
   resolutions are offered to be sent as simulcast to a mixer/SFU.

                                       Example 2


   Offer:
   ...
   m=audio ... same as from Example 1 ..
   ...
   m=video ...same as from Example 1 ...
   ...same rtpmap/fmtp as above...
   a=sendrecv
   a=mid:v1 (max resolution)
   a=rid:1 send max-width=1280;max-height=720;max-fps=30
   a=rid:2 recv max-width=1280;max-height=720;max-fps=30
   a=rid:5 send max-width=640;max-height=360;max-fps=15
   a=rid:6 send max-width=320;max-height=180;max-fps=15
   a=simulcast: send rid=1;5;6 recv rid=2
   ...
   ...same m=video sections as Example 1 for mid:v2-v7...
   ...

   Answer:
   ...same as offer but swap send/recv...


11.3.  Scalable Layers

   Adding scalable layers to the above simulcast example gives the SFU
   further flexibility to selectively forward packets from a source that
   best match the bandwidth and capabilities of diverse receivers.
   Scalable encodings have dependencies between layers, unlike
   independent simulcast streams.  RIDs can be used to express these
   dependencies using the "depend" parameter.  In the example below, the
   highest resolution is offered to be sent as 2 scalable temporal
   layers (using MRST).







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                                       Example 3

   Offer:
   ...
   m=audio ...same as Example 1 ...
   ...
   m=video ...same as Example 1 ...
   ...same rtpmap/fmtp as Example 1...
   a=sendrecv
   a=mid:v1 (max resolution)
   a=rid:0 send max-width=1280;max-height=720;max-fps=15
   a=rid:1 send max-width=1280;max-height=720;max-fps=30;depend=0
   a=rid:2 recv max-width=1280;max-height=720;max-fps=30
   a=rid:5 send max-width=640;max-height=360;max-fps=15
   a=rid:6 send max-width=320;max-height=180;max-fps=15
   a=simulcast: send rid=0;1;5;6 recv rid=2
   ...
   ...same m=video sections as Example1 for mid:v2-v7...
   ...

   Answer:
   ...same as offer but swap send/recv...


11.4.  Simulcast with Payload Types

   This example shows a simulcast Offer SDP that uses rid framework to
   identify:

   o  1 send stream at max resolution,

   o  1 recv stream at max resolution,

   o  1 recv stream at low resolution

   and includes 2 "a=simulcast" lines to identify the simulcast streams
   with the Payload Types and rid-identifier respectively.

      Note: The exact rules for the usage of rid framework with
      simulcast is still a work in progress.











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                                       Example 4

   Offer:
   m=video 10000 RTP/AVP 97 98
   a=rtpmap:97 VP8/90000
   a=rtpmap:98 VP8/90000
   a=fmtp:97 max-fs=3600
   a=fmtp:98 max-fs=3600
   a=rid:1 send pt=97;max-width=1280;max-height=720;
   a=rid:2 recv pt=97;max-width=1280;max-height=720
   a=rid:3 recv pt=98;max-width=320;max-height=180
   a=simulcast send pt=97 recv
   a=simulcast: send rid=1 recv rid=2;3


12.  Open Issues

12.1.  Name of the identifier

   The name 'rid' is provisionally used and is open for further
   discussion.

   Here are the few options that were considered while writing this
   draft

   o  CID: Constraint ID, which is a rather precise description of what
      we are attempting to accomplish.

   o  ESID: Encoded Stream ID, does not align well with taxonomy which
      defines Encoded Stream as before RTP packetization.

   o  RSID or RID: RTP Stream ID, aligns better with taxonomy but very
      vague.

   o  LID: Layer ID, aligns well for SVC with each layer in a separate
      stream, but not for other SVC layerings or independent simulcast
      which is awkward to view as layers.

   o  EPT or XPT: EXtended Payload Type, conveys XPT.PT usage well, but
      may be confused with PT, for example people may mistakenly think
      they can use it in other places where PT would normally be used.

13.  IANA Considerations








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13.1.  New RTP Header Extension URI

   This document defines a new extension URI in the RTP Compact Header
   Extensions subregistry of the Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP)
   Parameters registry, according to the following data:

       Extension URI: urn:ietf:params:rtp-hdrext:rid
       Description:   RTP Stream Identifier
       Contact:       <mmusic@ietf.org>
       Reference:     RFCXXXX


13.2.  New SDES item

      RFC EDITOR NOTE: Please replace RFCXXXX with the RFC number of
      this document.

      RFC EDITOR NOTE: Please replace TBD with the assigned SDES
      identifier value.

   This document adds the MID SDES item to the IANA "RTCP SDES item
   types" registry as follows:

              Value:          TBD
              Abbrev.:        RID
              Name:           Restriction Identification
              Reference:      RFCXXXX


13.3.  New SDP Media-Level attribute

   This document defines "rid" as SDP media-level attribute.  This
   attribute must be registered by IANA under "Session Description
   Protocol (SDP) Parameters" under "att-field (media level only)".

   The "rid" attribute is used to identify characteristics of RTP stream
   with in a RTP Session.  Its format is defined in Section 10.

13.4.  Registry for RID-Level Parameters

   This specification creates a new IANA registry named "att-field (rid
   level)" within the SDP parameters registry.  The rid-level parameters
   MUST be registered with IANA and documented under the same rules as
   for SDP session-level and media-level attributes as specified in
   [RFC4566].

   Parameters for "a=rid" lines that modify the nature of encoded media
   MUST be of the form that the result of applying the modification to



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   the stream results in a stream that still complies with the other
   parameters that affect the media.  In other words, parameters always
   have to restrict the definition to be a subset of what is otherwise
   allowable, and never expand it.

   New parameter registrations are accepted according to the
   "Specification Required" policy of [RFC5226], provided that the
   specification includes the following information:

   o  contact name, email address, and telephone number

   o  parameter name (as it will appear in SDP)

   o  long-form parameter name in English

   o  whether the parameter value is subject to the charset attribute

   o  an explanation of the purpose of the parameter

   o  a specification of appropriate attribute values for this parameter

   The initial set of rid-level parameter names, with definitions in
   Section 6 of this document, is given below:

      Type            SDP Name                     Reference
      ----            ------------------           ---------
      att-field       (rid level)
                      max-width                     [RFCXXXX]
                      max-height                    [RFCXXXX]
                      max-fps                       [RFCXXXX]
                      max-fs                        [RFCXXXX]
                      max-br                        [RFCXXXX]
                      max-pps                       [RFCXXXX]
                      depend                        [RFCXXXX]


14.  Security Considerations

   As with most SDP parameters, a failure to provide integrity
   protection over the a=rid attributes provides attackers a way to
   modify the session in potentially unwanted ways.  This could result
   in an implementation sending greater amounts of data than a recipient
   wishes to receive.  In general, however, since the "a=rid" attribute
   can only restrict a stream to be a subset of what is otherwise
   allowable, modification of the value cannot result in a stream that
   is of higher bandwidth than would be sent to an implementation that
   does not support this mechanism.




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15.  Acknowledgements

   Many thanks to review from Cullen Jennings and Magnus Westerlund.

16.  References

16.1.  Normative References

   [I-D.ietf-avtext-rtp-grouping-taxonomy]
              Lennox, J., Gross, K., Nandakumar, S., Salgueiro, G., and
              B. Burman, "A Taxonomy of Semantics and Mechanisms for
              Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) Sources", draft-ietf-
              avtext-rtp-grouping-taxonomy-08 (work in progress), July
              2015.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/
              RFC2119, March 1997,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC3264]  Rosenberg, J. and H. Schulzrinne, "An Offer/Answer Model
              with Session Description Protocol (SDP)", RFC 3264, DOI
              10.17487/RFC3264, June 2002,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3264>.

   [RFC3550]  Schulzrinne, H., Casner, S., Frederick, R., and V.
              Jacobson, "RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time
              Applications", STD 64, RFC 3550, DOI 10.17487/RFC3550,
              July 2003, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3550>.

   [RFC4566]  Handley, M., Jacobson, V., and C. Perkins, "SDP: Session
              Description Protocol", RFC 4566, DOI 10.17487/RFC4566,
              July 2006, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4566>.

   [RFC5234]  Crocker, D., Ed. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
              Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234, DOI 10.17487/
              RFC5234, January 2008,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5234>.

   [RFC5285]  Singer, D. and H. Desineni, "A General Mechanism for RTP
              Header Extensions", RFC 5285, DOI 10.17487/RFC5285, July
              2008, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5285>.

16.2.  Informative References







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   [I-D.ietf-mmusic-sdp-bundle-negotiation]
              Holmberg, C., Alvestrand, H., and C. Jennings,
              "Negotiating Media Multiplexing Using the Session
              Description Protocol (SDP)", draft-ietf-mmusic-sdp-bundle-
              negotiation-23 (work in progress), July 2015.

   [I-D.ietf-mmusic-sdp-simulcast]
              Burman, B., Westerlund, M., Nandakumar, S., and M. Zanaty,
              "Using Simulcast in SDP and RTP Sessions", draft-ietf-
              mmusic-sdp-simulcast-02 (work in progress), October 2015.

   [RFC5226]  Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an
              IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 5226,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC5226, May 2008,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5226>.

   [RFC6236]  Johansson, I. and K. Jung, "Negotiation of Generic Image
              Attributes in the Session Description Protocol (SDP)", RFC
              6236, DOI 10.17487/RFC6236, May 2011,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6236>.

Authors' Addresses

   Peter Thatcher
   Google

   Email: pthatcher@google.com


   Mo Zanaty
   Cisco Systems

   Email: mzanaty@cisco.com


   Suhas Nandakumar
   Cisco Systems

   Email: snandaku@cisco.com


   Adam Roach
   Mozilla

   Email: adam@nostrum.com






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   Bo Burman
   Ericsson

   Email: bo.burman@ericsson.com


   Byron Campen
   Mozilla

   Email: bcampen@mozilla.com









































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