OAuth Working Group                                     N. Sakimura, Ed.
Internet-Draft                                 Nomura Research Institute
Intended status: Standards Track                              J. Bradley
Expires: January 31, 2014                                  Ping Identity
                                                              N. Agarwal
                                                                  Google
                                                           July 30, 2013


       OAuth Transient Client Secret Extension for Public Clients
                      draft-sakimura-oauth-tcse-01

Abstract

   The OAuth 2.0 public client utilizing authorization code grant is
   susceptible to the code interception attack.  This specification
   describe a mechanism that acts as a control against this threat.

Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on January 31, 2014.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2013 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents



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   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   2.  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     2.1.  transient client secret . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     2.2.  transient client secret hash  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   3.  Protocol  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     3.1.  Client checks the server support  . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     3.2.  Client creates a transient client secret  . . . . . . . .   3
     3.3.  Client sends the left hash with the authorization request   3
     3.4.  Server returns the code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     3.5.  Client sends the code and the secret to the token
           endpoint  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     3.6.  Server verifies tcs before returning the tokens . . . . .   4
   4.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     4.1.  OAuth Parameters Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   5.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   6.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   7.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     7.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     7.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6

1.  Introduction

   Public clients in OAuth 2.0 [RFC6749] is suseptible to the "code"
   interception attack.  The "code" interception attack is an attack
   that a malicious client intercepts the "code" returned from the
   authorization endpoint and uses it to obtain the access token.  This
   is possible on a public client as there is no client secret
   associated for it to be sent to the token endpoint.  This is
   especially true on some smartphone platform in which the "code" is
   returned to a redirect URI with a custom scheme as there can be
   multiple apps that can register the same scheme.









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   To mitigate this attack, this extension utilizes dynamically created
   client secret called transient client secret whose left hash is sent
   as a new authorization request parameter.  The "code" obtained is
   then sent to the token endpoint with the transient client secret and
   the server compairs it with the previously received left hash of it
   so that it can perfom the proof of posession by the client.

2.  Terminology

   In addition to the terms defined in OAuth 2.0 [RFC6749], this
   specification defines the following terms.

2.1.  transient client secret

   a cryptographically random string with big enough entropy that is
   used to correlate the authorization request to the token request

2.2.  transient client secret hash

   base64url encoding of the left most 128bit of SHA256 hash of
   transient client secret

3.  Protocol

3.1.  Client checks the server support

   Before starting the authorization process, the client MUST make sure
   that the server supports this specification.  It may be obtained out-
   of-band or through some other mechanisms such as the discovery
   document in OpenID Connect Discovery [OpenID.Discovery].  The exact
   mechanism on how the client obtains this information is out of scope
   of this specification.

   The client that wishes to use this specification MUST stop proceeding
   if the server does not support this extension.

3.2.  Client creates a transient client secret

   The client then creates a transient client secret, "tcs", in the
   following manner.

   tcs = high entropy cryptographic random string

   NOTE: transient client secret MUST have high enough entropy to make
   it inpractical to guess the value.

3.3.  Client sends the left hash with the authorization request




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   Then, the client calculates a transient client secret hash, "tcsh",
   the left hash of the "tcs" as follows where L is a function that
   calcualtes the base64url encoded left-most 128 bits of the binary
   input, and H is a SHA256 function.

   tcsh = L (H (tcs))

   The client sends the transient client secret hash with the following
   parameter with the OAuth 2.0 [RFC6749] Authorization Request:

   tcsh  REQUIRED. transient client secret hash

3.4.  Server returns the code

   When the server issues a "code", it MUST associate the "tcsh" value
   with the "code" so that it can be used later.

   Typically, the "tcsh" value is stored in encrypted form in the
   "code", but it could as well be just stored in the server in
   association with the code.  The server MUST NOT include the "tcsh"
   value in the form that any entity but itself can extract it.

3.5.  Client sends the code and the secret to the token endpoint

   Upon receipt of the "code", the client sends the request to the token
   endpoint.  In addition to the parameters defined in OAuth 2.0
   [RFC6749], it sends the following parameter:

   tcs  REQUIRED. transient client secret

3.6.  Server verifies tcs before returning the tokens

   Upon receipt of the request at the token endpoint, the server
   verifies it by calculating the transient client secret hash from
   "tcs" value and comparing it with the previously associated "tcsh".
   If they are equal, then the successful response SHOULD be returned.
   If the values are not equal, an error response indicating
   "invalid_grant" as described in section 5.2 of OAuth 2.0 [RFC6749]
   SHOULD be returned.

4.  IANA Considerations

   This specification makes a registration request as follows:

4.1.  OAuth Parameters Registry

   This specification registers the following parameters in the IANA
   OAuth Parameters registry defined in OAuth 2.0 [RFC6749].



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   o  Parameter name: tcs

   o  Parameter usage location: Access Token Request

   o  Change controller: OpenID Foundation Artifact Binding Working
      Group - openid-specs-ab@lists.openid.net

   o  Specification document(s): this document

   o  Related information: None

   o  Parameter name: tcsh

   o  Parameter usage location: Authorization Request

   o  Change controller: OpenID Foundation Artifact Binding Working
      Group - openid-specs-ab@lists.openid.net

   o  Specification document(s): this document

   o  Related information: None

5.  Security Considerations

   The security model relies on the fact that the transient client
   secret is not being disclosed in the front channel.  It is vitally
   important to adhear to this principle.  As such, the transient client
   secret has to be created in such a manner that it is
   cryptographically random and has high entropy that it is not
   practical for the attacker to guess, and if it is to be returned
   inside "code", it has to be encrypted in such a manner that only the
   server can decrypt and extract it.

6.  Acknowledgements

   The initial draft of this specification was created by the OpenID AB/
   Connect Working Group of the OpenID Foundation, by most notably of
   the following people:

   o  Naveen Agarwal, Google

   o  Dirk Belfanz, Google

   o  John Bradley, Ping Identity

   o  Brian Campbell, Ping Identity

   o  Ryo Ito, mixi



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   o  Michael B. Jones, Microsoft

   o  Torsten Lodderstadt, Deutsche Telekom

   o  Breno de Madeiros, Google

   o  Anthony Nadalin, Microsoft

   o  Nat Sakimura, Nomura Research Institute

7.  References

7.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC4627]  Crockford, D., "The application/json Media Type for
              JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)", RFC 4627, July 2006.

   [RFC6570]  Gregorio, J., Fielding, R., Hadley, M., Nottingham, M.,
              and D. Orchard, "URI Template", RFC 6570, March 2012.

   [RFC6749]  Hardt, D., "The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework", RFC
              6749, October 2012.

7.2.  Informative References

   [OpenID.Discovery]
              Sakimura, N., Bradley, J., Jones, M., and E. Jay, "OpenID
              Connect Discovery 1.0", May 2013.

   [RFC4949]  Shirey, R., "Internet Security Glossary, Version 2", RFC
              4949, August 2007.

Authors' Addresses

   Nat Sakimura (editor)
   Nomura Research Institute

   Email: sakimura@gmail.com


   John Bradley
   Ping Identity

   Email: jbradley@pingidentity.com




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   Naveen Agarwal
   Google

   Email: naa@google.com















































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