Activity Streams (http://activitystrea.ms) J. Snell
Internet-Draft IBM
Intended status: Standards Track M. Marum
Expires: June 19, 2014 SugarCRM
December 16, 2013
JSON Activity Streams 2.0 - Action Handlers
draft-snell-activitystreams-actions-02
Abstract
This specification defines Action Handlers for use with the Activity
Streams 2.0 format.
Author's Note
Note that this document is a work-in-progress draft specification
that does not yet represent a "standard". It is the intention of
this specification to propose a few new ideas and openly solicit
feedback on their definition and use. While this document might
eventually evolve into an RFC the ideas described herein have not yet
been broadly implemented and have definitions that will evolve
through successive iterations of this draft.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on June 19, 2014.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2013 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
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This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
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the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Action Handlers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3. HTTP Action Handler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4. Embed Action Handler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5. Intent Action Handler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
6. Using "service" and "application" objects as action handlers 13
7. HTML Form Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
8. URL Template Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
9. Parameters Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
10. Styles Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
11. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
12. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
13. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Appendix A. Using Action Handlers From Other Vocabularies . . . 18
A.1. Schema.org Actions Proposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
A.2. Google's "Actions in the Inbox" . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
A.3. Mixing Vocabularies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
A.4. Example Drawing From Multiple Vocabularies . . . . . . . 21
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1. Overview
The Activity Streams 2.0 [I-D.snell-activitystreams] specification
introduces the notion of "actions" that can be associated with
objects. Using the "actions" property described in Sections 3.6 and
3.6.1 of the Activity Streams 2.0 document, the producer of an object
can declare a specific set of verbs appropriate for the object and
map each of those to one or more objects ("action handlers") or
resources capable of "carrying out" the verb. This document expands
on that mechanism by defining and describing a core set of action
handler object types.
2. Action Handlers
An action handler is an Activity Streams 2.0 object whose objectType
and member properties instruct a consuming application how to carry
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out the verb the action handler has been associated with. For
instance, given the following example:
{
"objectType": "note",
...,
"actions": {
"share": {
"objectType": "HttpActionHandler",
"url": "http://example.org/share"
},
"like": {
"objectType": "EmbedActionHandler",
"mediaType": "text/plain",
"content": "Hello World"
}
}
}
The "note" object has two declared actions, "share" and "like". Each
of those is associated with one action handler object. The "share"
action has a action handler of type "HttpActionHandler", while the
"like" action has an "EmbedActionHandler".
As illustrated in the example, action handlers are represented as
Activity Streams 2.0 objects. All such objects share a common set of
base member properties as defined in the following table:
+---------+--------------------------+---------+--------------------+
| Propert | Value | Require | Description |
| y | | d | |
+---------+--------------------------+---------+--------------------+
| confirm | Boolean | No | True if the |
| | | | consuming |
| | | | application ought |
| | | | to seek |
| | | | confirmation prior |
| | | | to using the |
| | | | action handler to |
| | | | carry out it's |
| | | | associated action. |
| | | | Defaults to False. |
| context | JSON Object | No | Contextual |
| | | | information |
| | | | associated with |
| | | | the action |
| | | | handler, |
| | | | represented as a |
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| | | | JSON Object |
| | | | without any |
| | | | particular |
| | | | structure. How the |
| | | | context is used is |
| | | | dependent entirely |
| | | | on the action |
| | | | handler definition |
| | | | and on how a |
| | | | consuming |
| | | | application |
| | | | chooses to |
| | | | implement the |
| | | | action handler. |
| expects | Type Value [I-D.snell-ac | No | For action |
| | tivitystreams] | | handlers with a |
| | | | distinct input |
| | | | requirement (e.g. |
| | | | HttpActionHandler) |
| | | | , the expects |
| | | | property provides |
| | | | a description of |
| | | | the expected |
| | | | input. |
| returns | Type Value [I-D.snell-ac | No | For action |
| | tivitystreams] | | handlers with a |
| | | | distinct output, |
| | | | the returns |
| | | | property provides |
| | | | a description of |
| | | | the expected |
| | | | output. |
+---------+--------------------------+---------+--------------------+
This specification defines three specific base types of action
handler:
o The HTTP Action Handler (Section 3),
o The Embed Action Handler (Section 4), and
o The Intent Action Handler (Section 5).
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Implementations are free to use Activity Stream objects of any
objectType as an action handler. Consuming applications MAY ignore
any object it encounters that use objectTypes that are not recognized
or supported as action handlers. Alternatively, the consuming
application MAY treat such objects as implied Intent Action Handlers
(Section 5).
Multiple independent action handlers can be associated with any
single verb using a JSON Array. The ordering of objects within such
an array is not considered to be significant.
For example, in the following, the "share" action has two associated
action handlers:
{
"objectType": "note",
...,
"actions": {
"share": [
{
"objectType": "HttpActionHandler",
"method": "GET",
"url": "http://example.org/share-action"
},
{
"objectType": "EmbedActionHandler",
"mediaType": "text/plain",
"content": "Hello World!"
}
]
}
}
3. HTTP Action Handler
An HTTP Action Handler describes an HTTP request/response flow that
is used to carry out an action. It is identified using an objectType
value of "HttpActionHandler".
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+----------+----------------------------+----------+----------------+
| Property | Value | Required | Description |
+----------+----------------------------+----------+----------------+
| url | Link Value | Yes | Specifies the |
| | | | HTTP or HTTPS |
| | | | URL to which |
| | | | the HTTP |
| | | | request is |
| | | | directed. |
| method | HTTP Method String (e.g. | No | The HTTP |
| | "GET", "POST", "PUT", etc) | | method to use. |
| | | | Defaults to |
| | | | "GET" |
| target | "DEFAULT" - Consumer | No | Specifies the |
| | defined default; "NONE" - | | intended |
| | No navigation or UI | | target of the |
| | context (e.g. a hidden | | HTTP action. |
| | HTTP action that does not | | This |
| | result in the creation or | | determines |
| | use of a browser window); | | whether the |
| | "NEW" - A new navigation | | action results |
| | or UI context (e.g. show | | in a new |
| | the results of the HTTP | | navigation |
| | request in a browser | | context (e.g. |
| | window or tab.); "CURRENT" | | new browser |
| | - Reuse the existing | | window) or |
| | navigation or UI context | | whether the |
| | (e.g. show the results of | | action is |
| | the HTTP request in an | | "hidden". When |
| | existing browser window or | | not specified, |
| | tab.); {Other token value} | | defaults to |
| | - Any other TOKEN value. | | "DEFAULT", |
| | Interpretation and support | | meaning that |
| | of such extension tokens | | the consuming |
| | is dependent on the | | application is |
| | consuming application. | | free to |
| | Unknown or unsupported | | determine an |
| | values MUST be ignored. | | appropriate |
| | | | target |
| | | | context. |
+----------+----------------------------+----------+----------------+
For example:
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{
"objectType": "note",
...,
"actions": {
"view": {
"objectType": "HttpActionHandler",
"url": "http://example.org/foo",
"method": "GET"
}
}
}
As a shortcut, HttpActionHandlers that use the "GET" method and a
"DEFAULT" target can be specified using a JSON string containing the
absolute URL. For instance:
{
"objectType": "note",
...,
"actions": {
"view": "http://example.org/foo"
}
}
In the Activity Streams 2.0 format, the "url" property is defined as
a "Link Value", this means that it is possible for the value of the
"url" property to be an Activity Stream object that a consuming
application can use to resolve the actual target URL. This
specification defines a new UrlTemplate (Section 8) objectType
specifically intended for such use.
The UrlTemplate object can be used within an HTTP Action Handler, for
instance, whenever carrying out the HTTP request requires the
construction of a new URL that includes variable parameters:
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{
"objectType": "note",
...,
"actions": {
"review": {
"objectType": "HttpActionHandler",
"url": {
"objectType": "UrlTemplate",
"method": "POST",
"template": "http://example.org/note/123{?rating}",
"parameters": {
"rating": {
"id": "http://schema.org/ratingValue",
"displayName": "Rating",
"bestRating": 5,
"worstRating": 1
}
}
},
"method": "GET",
"target": "NEW"
}
}
}
If the intended HTTP request uses the GET method and DEFAULT target,
the UrlTemplate object itself can be used directly as the action
handler.
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"GET" HttpActionHandler shortcut using a URL Template:
{
"objectType": "note",
...,
"actions": {
"review": {
"objectType": "UrlTemplate",
"template": "http://example.org/note/123{?rating}",
"parameters": {
"rating": {
"id": "http://schema.org/ratingValue",
"displayName": "Rating",
"bestRating": 5,
"worstRating": 1
}
}
}
}
}
If the HTTP request requires an input payload, the HttpActionHandler
object can contain an "expects" property. The value of "expects" is
an Activity Streams 2.0 "Type Value" represented either as a simple
JSON string containing a fully qualified IRI or as an Activity Stream
object. This specification defines a new HtmlForm (Section 7)
objectType to be used whenever the input of the HTTP request is an
HTML Form POST.
For example, the following describes an HTML Form post with a single
"foo" parameter submitted using the "application/x-www-form-
urlencoded" format:
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{
"objectType": "note",
...,
"actions": {
"share": {
"objectType": "HttpActionHandler",
"method": "POST",
"url": "http://example.org/foo",
"expects": {
"objectType": "HtmlForm",
"mediaType": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
"parameters": {
"foo": {
"id": "http://example.org/foo",
"type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string",
"displayName": "Foo Property"
}
}
}
}
}
}
4. Embed Action Handler
An Embed Action Handler defines static or dynamic content to be
visually rendered to carry out an action. Examples of embeds can
include static HTML, images, videos, gadgets and applications. It is
identified using an objectType value of "EmbedActionHandler".
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+-----------+------------+--------------+---------------------------+
| Property | Value | Required | Description |
+-----------+------------+--------------+---------------------------+
| url | Link Value | Yes if | The URL from which to |
| | | "content" is | retrieve the content for |
| | | not | this embed. |
| | | specified. | |
| content | String | Yes if "url" | The character based |
| | | is not | "static" content to be |
| | | specified. | embeded. The "mediaType" |
| | | | parameter specifies the |
| | | | MIME media type of the |
| | | | content. |
| mediaType | MIME Media | No (but | The MIME Media Type of |
| | Type | strongly | the embedded content. |
| | | recommended) | |
| style | Styles | No | Visual CSS styling hints |
| | Object | | to apply to the element |
| | (Section | | containing the embedded |
| | 10) | | content. |
| preview | Link Value | No | A reference to a |
| | | | "preview" representation |
| | | | of the embedded content. |
| | | | Typically, this would a |
| | | | URL to a thumbnail or |
| | | | screenshot image of the |
| | | | content. |
| target | "DEFAULT"; | No | |
| | "INLINE"; | | |
| | {Other | | |
| | token | | |
| | value} | | |
+-----------+------------+--------------+---------------------------+
In the following example, the "view" action is associated with an
"EmbedActionHandler" containing a static fragment of HTML markup:
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{
"objectType": "note",
...,
"actions": {
"view": {
"objectType": "EmbedActionHandler",
"content": "<div>This is some bit of embedded HTML</div>",
"mediaType": "text/html",
"style": {
"height": "100px",
"width": "100px",
"box-shadow": "10px 10px 5px #888888"
},
"displayName": "Some embedded content",
"preview": "http://example.org/preview/123.jpg"
}
}
}
Alternatively, the embedded content can be referenced by URL:
{
"objectType": "note",
...,
"actions": {
"view": {
"objectType": "EmbedActionHandler",
"url": "http://example.org/foo",
"mediaType": "text/html"
}
}
}
The mediaType parameter specifies the type of content to be embedded.
Consuming applications MAY ignore Embed Action Handlers that specify
unrecognized or unsupported mediaTypes.
Example:
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{
"objectType": "note",
...,
"actions": {
"view": {
"objectType": "EmbedActionHandler",
"url": "http://example.org/foo.mpg",
"mediaType": "video/mpeg"
}
}
}
5. Intent Action Handler
An Intent Action Handler provides a generic way for the publisher of
an Activity object to tell the consuming application to figure out
how to handle the action on it's own. The consumer can, for
instance, pass the object off to some other native platform
application. It is identified using an objectType value of
"IntentActionHandler".
For example:
{
"objectType": "note",
...,
"actions": {
"share": {
"objectType": "IntentActionHandler",
"displayName": "Share This",
"context": {
"foo": "ABC",
"bar": 123
}
}
}
}
6. Using "service" and "application" objects as action handlers
The "service" and "application" object are existing objectTypes
defined by the Activity Streams 1.0 core schema. While these objects
were not originally designed to be used as action handlers, they can
be. Specifically, the "service" objectType can be used when the
action is to be carried out using some specific third party service
interface; the "application" objectType can be used when the action
is to be carried out by deferring some some specific native platform
application.
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For example:
{
"objectType": "note",
...,
"actions": {
"share": {
"objectType": "service",
"displayName": "My Sharing Service",
"url": "http://share.example.org/api"
},
"save": {
"objectType": "application",
"displayName": "Read this later!",
"platform": "android",
"id": "123",
"url": "http://play.google.com/..."
}
}
}
7. HTML Form Objects
+----------+-----------+----------+---------------------------------+
| Property | Value | Required | Description |
+----------+-----------+----------+---------------------------------+
| mediaTyp | MIME | No | Defaults to "application/x-www- |
| e | Media | | form-urlencoded" |
| | Type | | |
| paramete | Parameter | No | Defines the HTML form |
| rs | s Object | | parameters. |
| | (Section | | |
| | 9) | | |
+----------+-----------+----------+---------------------------------+
For example:
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{
"objectType": "note",
...,
"actions": {
"review": {
"objectType": "HttpActionHandler",
"method": "POST",
"url": "http://example.org/foo",
"expects": {
"objectType": "HtmlForm",
"mediaType": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
"parameters": {
"foo": {
"displayName": "Foo",
"id": "http://example.org/FooProperty",
"type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string",
"required": True
},
"bar": {
"displayName": "Bar",
"id": "http://example.org/BarProperty",
"type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
"required": True,
"value": "Provided Value"
}
}
}
}
}
}
8. URL Template Objects
Objects with the "UrlTemplate" object type represent [RFC6570] URL
Templates.
+------------+-------------------+----------+-----------------------+
| Property | Value | Required | Description |
+------------+-------------------+----------+-----------------------+
| template | URL Template | Yes | The [RFC6570] URL |
| | | | Template |
| parameters | Parameters Object | No | Defines the URL |
| | (Section 9) | | Template parameters |
+------------+-------------------+----------+-----------------------+
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{
"objectType": "note",
...,
"actions": {
"review": {
"objectType": "UrlTemplate",
"template": "http://example.org/foo/123{?rating}",
"parameters": {
"rating": {
"displayName": "Rating",
"id": "http://example.org/RatingProperty",
"required": True
}
}
}
}
}
9. Parameters Object
A Parameters Object is used to provide descriptions of the variable
inputs of objects such as HTML Forms (Section 7) and URL Templates
(Section 8). The object is expressed as a JSON dictionary mapping
parameter names to Type Values [I-D.snell-activitystreams] describing
the parameters.
By default, all parameters defined within the object are assumed to
be required. When a parameter is described using an Object, the
object MAY contained a boolean "required" member. If "required" is
false, use of the parameter is assumed to be optional.
Using the Parameters Object in UrlTemplate objects:
{
"objectType": "UrlTemplate",
"template": "http://example.org{/foo,bar}"
"parameters": {
"foo": "http://example.org/FooProperty",
"bar": {
"id": "http://example.org/BarProperty",
"displayName": "Bar",
"required": False
}
}
}
Using the Parameters Object in HtmlForm objects:
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{
"objectType": "HtmlForm",
"mediaType": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
"parameters": {
"foo": "http://example.org/FooProperty",
"bar": {
"id": "http://example.org/BarProperty",
"displayName": "Bar",
"required": False
}
}
}
10. Styles Object
A Styles Object is used by EmbedActionHandlers to provide CSS style
hints for the container within which embedded content is to be
displayed. The object is expressed as either a single JSON
dictionary object mapping CSS property names to appropriate CSS
values, or an array of JSON dictionary objects. An optional "media"
member can be included within the dictionary providing a CSS Media
Query.
Example style hints:
{
"objectType": "note",
...,
"actions": {
"view": {
"objectType": "EmbedActionHandler",
"content": "Some plain text content",
"mediaType": "text/plain",
"style": {
"height": "100px",
"width": "100px",
"box-shadow": "10px 10px 5px #888888"
}
}
}
}
Multiple style hints for specific media query targets:
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{
"objectType": "note",
...,
"actions": {
"view": {
"objectType": "EmbedActionHandler",
"content": "Some plain text content",
"mediaType": "text/plain",
"style": [
{
"media": "print",
"height": "100px",
"width": "100px",
"box-shadow": "10px 10px 5px #888888"
},
{
"media": "screen and (orientation: landscape)",
"height": "100px",
"width": "100px",
"box-shadow": "10px 10px 5px #888888"
}
]
}
}
}
11. Security Considerations
TBD
12. IANA Considerations
TBD
13. Normative References
[I-D.snell-activitystreams]
Snell, J., "JSON Activity Streams 2.0", draft-snell-
activitystreams-05 (work in progress), November 2013.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC6570] Gregorio, J., Fielding, R., Hadley, M., Nottingham, M.,
and D. Orchard, "URI Template", RFC 6570, March 2012.
Appendix A. Using Action Handlers From Other Vocabularies
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The Activity Streams 2.0 Actions mechanism is specifically designed
to allow Action Handlers from multiple vocabularies.
A.1. Schema.org Actions Proposal
Based on http://www.w3.org/wiki/images/b/b9/Actionsinschema.org.pdf:
{
"objectType": "video",
...,
"actions": {
"watch": [
{
"objectType": "http://schema.org/WebPageHandler",
"url": "http://movies.example.com/player?id=123"
},
{
"objectType": "http://schema.org/AndroidHandler",
"url": "http://movies.example.com/player?id=123",
"package": "com.movies"
}
]
}
}
A.2. Google's "Actions in the Inbox"
Based on https://developers.google.com/gmail/actions/reference/
review-action:
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{
"objectType": "note",
...,
"actions": {
"review": {
"objectType": "http://schema.org/ReviewAction",
"review": {
"objectType": "http://schema.org/Review",
"itemReviewed": {
"objectType": "http://schema.org/FoodEstablishment",
"name": "Joe's Diner"
},
"reviewRating": {
"objectType": "http://schema.org/Rating",
"bestRating": "5",
"worstRating": "1"
}
},
"handler": {
"objectType": "http://schema.org/HttpActionHandler",
"url": "http://reviews.com/review?id=123",
"requiredProperty": {
"objectType": "http://schema.org/Property",
"name": "review.reviewRating.ratingValue"
},
"method": "http://schema.org/HttpRequestMethod/POST"
}
}
}
}
A.3. Mixing Vocabularies
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{
"objectType": "video",
...,
"actions": {
"watch": [
{
"objectType": "HttpActionHandler",
"url": "http://movies.example.com/player?id=123",
"target": "NEW"
},
{
"objectType": "http://schema.org/AndroidHandler",
"url": "http://movies.example.com/player?id=123",
"package": "com.movies"
}
]
}
}
A.4. Example Drawing From Multiple Vocabularies
{
"objectType": "video",
"displayName": "A Movie!",
...,
"actions": {
"watch": [
{
"objectType": "EmbedActionHandler",
"displayName": "HD",
"mediaType": "video/mpeg",
"url": "http://cdn.example.org?id=123amp;fmt=HD",
},
{
"objectType": "EmbedActionHandler",
"displayName": "SD",
"mediaType": "video/mpeg",
"url": "http://cdn.example.org?id=123&fmt=SD",
},
{
"objectType": "application",
"displayName": "Watch on Netflix",
"url": "http://netflix.com..."
}
],
"like": {
"objectType": "EmbedActionHandler",
"mediaType": "text/html",
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"url": "http://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php...",
"style": {
"width": "150px",
"height": "50px"
}
},
"share": [
{
"objectType": "HttpActionHandler",
"displayName": "Twitter",
"url": "https://twitter.com/share?url=...",
"target": "DIALOG"
},
{
"objectType": "HttpActionHandler",
"displayName": "Facebook",
"url": "https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=...",
"target": "DIALOG"
}
],
"save": [
{
"objectType": "service",
"id": "http://getpocket.com",
"displayName": "Pocket",
"context": {
"url": "http://example.org/movie?id=123",
"title": "A Movie!",
"tags": "foo, bar, baz"
}
},
{
"objectType": "service",
"id": "http://instapaper.com",
"displayName": "Instapaper",
"context": {
"url": "http://example.org/movie?id=123",
"title": "A Movie!",
"selection": "An action movie!"
}
}
],
"review": {
"objectType": "HttpActionHandler",
"displayName": "Rate this movie!",
"url": "http://review.example.org/movie?id=123",
"method": "POST",
"expects": {
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"objectType": "HtmlForm",
"mediaType": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
"parameters": {
"rating": {
"id": "http://schema.org/ratingValue",
"bestRating": 5,
"worstRating": 0,
"displayName": "Rating",
"required": true
},
"comments": {
"id": "http://schema.org/commentText",
"displayName": "Comments",
"required": "false"
}
}
}
}
}
}
Authors' Addresses
James M Snell
IBM
Email: jasnell@gmail.com
Matthew Marum
SugarCRM
Email: mgmarum@gmail.com
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