Network Working Group                                        Sean Turner
Internet Draft                                                      IECA
Intended Status: Standards Track                          March 27, 2014
Expires: September 28, 2014

                             EST Extensions
                   draft-turner-est-extensions-01.txt

Abstract

   The EST (Enrollment over Secure Transport) protocol defined a Well-
   Known URI (Uniform Resource Identifier): /.well-known/est.  EST also
   defined several path components that clients use for PKI (Public Key
   Infrastructure) services, namely certificate enrollment (e.g.,
   /simpleenroll).  In some sense, the services provided by the path
   components can be thought of as PKI management-related packages.
   There are additional PKI-related packages a client might need as well
   as other security-related packages, such as firmware, trust anchors,
   and symmetric, asymmetric, and encrypted keys.  This document also
   specifies the PAL (Package Availability List), which is an XML
   (Extensible Markup Language) file that clients use to retrieve
   packages available and authorized for them.  This document extends
   the EST server path components to provide these additional services.

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2014 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents



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   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.


Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
     1.1.  Definitions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
     1.2.  Authentication and Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
     1.3.  TLS Cipher Suites  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
     1.4.  URI Configuration  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
     1.5.  Content-Transfer-Encoding  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
     1.6.  Key Words  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
   2.  Locate Available Packages  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
     2.1.  PAL Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
       2.1.1.  PAL Package Types  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
       2.1.2.  PAL Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
     2.2.  Request PAL  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
     2.3.  Provide PAL  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
   3.  Distribute EE Certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
     3.1.  EE Certificate Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
     3.2.  EE Certificate Response  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
   4.  Distribute CRLs  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
     4.1.  CRL Request  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
     4.2.  CRL Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
   5. Symmetric Keys, Receipts, and Errors  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
     5.1.  Symmetric Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
       5.1.1.  Distribute Symmetric Keys  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
       5.1.2.  Symmetric Key Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
     5.2.  Symmetric Key Receipts and Errors  . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
       5.2.1.  Provide Symmetric Key Receipt or Error . . . . . . . . 23
       5.2.2.  Symmetric Key Receipt or Error Response  . . . . . . . 24
   6.  Firmware, Firmware Receipts, and Firmware Errors . . . . . . . 24
     6.1.  Firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
       6.1.1.  Distribute Firmware  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
       6.1.2.  Firmware Response  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
     6.2.  Firmware Receipts and Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
       6.2.1.  Provide Firmware Package Receipt or Error  . . . . . . 25
       6.2.2.  Firmware Receipt or Error Response . . . . . . . . . . 26
   7.  Trust Anchor Management Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
     7.1.  TAMP Status Query, Trust Anchor Update, Apex Trust
           Anchor Update, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
         Community Update, and Sequence Number Adjust . . . . . . . . 27
       7.1.1.  Request TAMP Packages  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
       7.1.2.  Return TAMP Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27



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     7.2.  TAMP Response, Confirm, and Errors Packages  . . . . . . . 28
       7.2.1.  Return Responses, Confirms, and Errors . . . . . . . . 28
       7.2.2.  Responses, Confirms, and Errors Response . . . . . . . 28
   8.  Asymmetric Keys, Receipts, and Errors  . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
     8.1.  Asymmetric Key Encapsulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
     8.2.  Asymmetric Key Package Receipts and Errors . . . . . . . . 30
   9.  PAL & Certificate Enrollment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
   10.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
   11.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
     11.1.  PAL Name Space  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
     11.2.  PAL Schema  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
     11.3.  PAL Package Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
   12.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
   13.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
     13.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
     13.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
   Appendix A.  Example Use of PAL  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
   Appendix B.  Additional CSR Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
   Appendix C.  Example ASN.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41


1.  Introduction

   The EST (Enrollment over Secure Transport) protocol [RFC7030] defines
   the Well-Known URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) /.well-known/est to
   support selected PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) related services
   with path components such as simple enrollment with /simpleenroll,
   rekey/renew with /simplereenroll, etc.  A server that wishes to
   support additional PKI-related services and other security-related
   packages could use the same .well-known URI by defining additional
   PCs (Path Components).  This document defines six such PCs:

     o /pal - The PAL (Package Availability List) provides a list of all
       known packages available and authorized for a client.  By
       accessing the service provided by this path component (PC) first,
       the client can walk through the PAL and download all the packages
       necessary to begin operating securely.  The PAL essentially
       points to other PCs including the PCs defined in this document as
       well as those defined in [RFC7030], which include /csrattrs,
       /fullcmc, /simpleenroll, /simplereenroll, and /cacerts.  The /pal
       PC is described in Section 2.

     o /eecerts - EE (End-Entity) certificates are needed by the client
       when they invoke a security protocol for communicating with a
       peer (i.e., they become operational and do something meaningful
       as opposed to just communicating with the infrastructure).  If
       the infrastructure knows the certificate(s) needed by the client,



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       then providing the peer's certificate avoids the client having to
       discover the peer's certificate.  This service is not meant to be
       a general purpose repository to which clients query a
       "repository" and then get a response; this is purely a push
       mechanism.  The /eecerts PC is described in Section 3.

     o /crls - CRLs (Certificate Revocation Lists) are also needed by
       the client when they validate certificate paths.  CRLs from TAs
       (Trust Anchors) and intermediate CAs (Certification Authorities)
       are needed to validate the certificates used to generate the
       client's certificate or the peer's certificate, which is provided
       by the /eecerts PC, and providing them saves the client from
       having to "discover" them and then retrieve them.  CRL
       "discovery" is greatly aided by the inclusion of the CRL
       Distribution Point certificate extension [RFC5280], but this
       extension is not always present in certificates and requires
       another connection to retrieve them.  Like the /eecerts PC, this
       service is not meant to be a general purpose repository to which
       clients query a repository and then get a response; this is
       purely a push mechanism.  The /crls PC is described in Section 4.

     o /symmetrickeys - In some cases, clients use symmetric keys when
       communicating with their peers.  If the client's peers are known
       by the server a priori, then providing them saves the client or
       an administrator from later having to find, retrieve and install
       them.  Like the /eecerts and /crls PCs, this service is not meant
       to be a general purpose repository to which clients query a
       repository and then get a response; this is purely a push
       mechanism for the keys themselves.  However, things do not always
       go as planned and clients need to inform the server about any
       errors.  If things did go well, then the client, if requested,
       needs to provide a receipt.  The /symmetrickeys PC is described
       in Section 5.

     o /firmware - Some client firmware and software support automatic
       updates mechanism and some do not.  For those that do not, the
       /firmware PC provides a mechanism for the infrastructure to
       inform the client that a firmware and software updates are
       available.  Because updates do not always go as planned and
       because sometimes the server needs to know whether the package
       was received and processed, this PC also provides a mechanism to
       return errors and receipts.  The /firmware PC is defined in
       Section 6.

     o /tamp - To control the TAs in client trust anchor database,
       servers use the /tamp PC to request that clients retrieve a TAMP
       query, update, and adjust packages and clients use the same PC to
       return response, confirm, and error packages. The /tamp PC is



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       defined in Section 7.

   This document also extends the /est/serverkeygen PC [RFC7030] to
   support the return of receipts and errors as well as encapsulating
   the returned keys in additional CMS content types.  See Section 8.

   While the motivation is to provide packages to clients during
   enrollment so that they can perform securely after enrollment, the
   services defined in this specification can be used after enrollment.

1.1.  Definitions

   Familiarity with Using Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) to Protect
   Firmware Packages [RFC4108], Certificate Management over CMS (CMC)
   [RFC5272], Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) Encrypted Key Package
   [RFC6032], Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) [RFC5652][RFC6268],
   Trust Anchor Management Protocol (TAMP) [RFC5934], Cryptographic
   Message Syntax (CMS) Content Constraints Extension [RFC6010], CMS
   Symmetric Key Package Content Type [RFC6031], Enrollment over Secure
   Transport protocol [RFC7030], CMS Key Package Receipt and Error
   Content Types [ID.housley-ct-keypackage-receipt-n-error] is assumed.
   Also, familiarity with the CMS protecting content types signed data
   and encrypted data is assumed;  CMS signed data and encrypted data
   are defined in [RFC5652] and encrypted key package is defined in
   [RFC6032].

   In addition to the definitions found in [RFC7030], the following
   definitions are used in this document:

   Agent: An entity that performs functions on behalf of a client.
   Agents can service a) one or more clients on the same network as the
   server, b) clients on non-IP based networks, or c) clients that have
   an air gap [RFC4949] between themselves and the server; interactions
   between the agent and client in the last cases are beyond the scope
   of this document.  Before an agent can service clients, the agent
   must have a trust relationship with the server, be authorized to act
   on behalf of clients.

   Client: A device that ultimately consumes and uses the packages to
   enable communications.  In other words, the client is the end-point
   for the packages and an agent may have one or more clients.  To avoid
   confusion, this document henceforth uses the term client to refer to
   both agents and clients.

   Package: An object that contains one or more CMS content types.
   There are numerous types of packages: Asymmetric Keys, Symmetric
   Keys, Encrypted Keys, CRLs, Public Key Certificate Management,
   Firmware, Public Key Certificates, and TAMP packages.  All of these



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   packages except the public key certificates and CRLs, which are
   already digitally signed, are digitally signed and encapsulated in a
   CMS signed data [RFC5652][RFC6268]; Firmware receipts and errors,
   TAMP responses, confirms, and errors, as well as Key Package receipts
   and errors can be optionally signed.  Certificate and CRLs are
   included in a package that uses signed data, which is often referred
   to as a degenerate CMS or "certs-only" or "crls-only" message
   [RFC5751][RFC6268], but no signature or content is present; hence the
   name certs-only and crls-only.

1.2.  Authentication and Authorization

   Client and server authentication as well as client and server
   authorization are as defined in [RFC7030].  The requirements for each
   are discussed in the request and response sections of each of the PCs
   defined by this document.

   The requirements for the TA database is as specified in [RFC7030] as
   well.

1.3.  TLS Cipher Suites

   TLS cipher suite and issues associated with them are as defined in
   [RFC7030].

1.4.  URI Configuration

   As specified in Section 3.1 of [RFC7030], the client is configured
   with sufficient information to form the server URI [RFC3986].  Like
   EST, this configuration mechanism is beyond the scope of this
   document.

1.5.  Content-Transfer-Encoding

   A Content-Transfer encoding of "base64" [RFC2045] is used for all
   client server interactions.

1.6.  Key Words

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
   [RFC2119].

2.  Locate Available Packages

   The PAL (Package Availability List) is an XML (Extensible Markup
   Language) [XML] file that furnishes information for packages that are



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   currently available and authorized for retrieval by a client.  It
   provides client specific:

     o Advertisements for available packages that can be retrieved from
       the server;
     o Notifications to begin public key certificate management or to
       return package receipts and errors; and,
     o Advertisement for another PAL.

   A client can use this service to determine all of the security-
   related products for bootstrapping or to periodically poll the server
   in order to determine if there are updated packages available for it.

   To get the /pal PC, the client and server need to mutually
   authenticate each other with TLS and authorize each other.  Clients
   retrieve their PAL and processes it to determine the packages
   available for it.

                      |                      |
            Client    |     Establish TLS    |    Server
                      |        Session       |
                      |<-------------------->|
                      |                      |
                      |          Request PAL |
                      |   (HTTP GET Request) |
                      |--------------------->|
                      |<---------------------|
                      | Deliver PAL          |
                      | (HTTP GET Response)  |
                      |                      |
                      | Request package by   |
                      | specified URI        |
                      | (HTTP GET or POST    |
                      |  Request)            |
                      |--------------------->|
                      |<---------------------|
                      | Deliver requested    |
                      | CMS package product  |
                      | (HTTP GET or POST    |
                      |  Response)           |
                      |                      |

                        repeat as necessary

                    Figure 1 - /pal Message Sequence

   The client MUST authenticate the server as specified in [RFC7030] and
   the client MUST verify server's authorization as specified in



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   [RFC7030].

   The server MUST authenticate the client as specified in [RFC7030] and
   the server MUST verify client authorization as specified in
   [RFC7030].

   PAL support is OPTIONAL.  It is shown in figures throughout this
   document but clients need not support the PAL to access services
   offered by the server.

2.1.  PAL Format

   Each PAL is composed of zero (i.e., minOccurs=0) or more entries,
   each of which is composed of the following four elements all of which
   MUST be present (i.e., minOccurs=1):

     o The <type> element uniquely identifies each package that a client
       may retrieve from the server with a 4-digit field.  The PAL
       Package Types are defined in Section 2.1.1.

     o The <date> element is a 20-character field that contains either:

       * The date and time (expressed as Generalized Time: YYYY-MM-
         DDTHH:MM:SSZ) that the client last successfully downloaded the
         identified package from the server, or

       * 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z (i.e., 0), if:

         - There is no indication the client has successfully downloaded
           the identified package, or

         - The PAL entry corresponds to a pointer to the next PAL or the
           server is requesting a package from the client (e.g.,
           certification request, receipt, error).

     o The <size> element indicates the size in bytes of the package.  A
       package size of zero (i.e., "0" without the quotes) indicates
       that the client needs to begin a transaction or return an error
       or receipt.

     o The <info> element provides either an SKI (Subject Key
       Identifier), DN (Distinguished Name), Issuer and Serial Number
       tuple or a URI.  When a URI is included it indicates the location
       where the identified package can be retrieved.  When a DN, SKI,
       or Issuer Name and Serial Number tuple is included it points to a
       certificate that is the subject of the notification (i.e., the
       certificate to be rekeyed/renewed).




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   Clients are often limited by the size of objects they can consume,
   the PAL is not immune to these limitations.  As opposed to picking a
   limit for all clients, a special package type is defined, see Section
   2.1.1, to indicate that another PAL is available.   Servers can use
   this value to limit the size of the PALs provided clients.

   When the <date> element is not zero (i.e., 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z) it
   MUST be represented in a form that matches the dateTime production in
   "canonical representation" [XMLSCHEMA]. Implementations SHOULD NOT
   rely on time resolution finer than seconds and MUST NOT generate time
   instants that specify leap seconds.

2.1.1.  PAL Package Types

   Table 1 lists the PAL package types that are defined by this
   document:

   NOTE: DS is Digital Signature and KE is Key Establishment.

   Package    Package Description
   Number
   --------   ---------------------------------------------------
   0000:      Reserved
   0001:      Additional PAL value present
   0002:      X.509 CA certificate
   0003:      X.509 EE certificate
   0004:      X.509 ARL
   0005:      X.509 CRL
   0006:      Start DS certificate enrollment
   0007:      DS certificate enrollment (success)
   0008:      DS certificate enrollment (failure)
   0009:      Start DS certificate re-enrollment
   0010:      DS certificate re-enrollment (success)
   0011:      DS certificate re-enrollment (failure)
   0012:      Start KE certificate enrollment
   0013:      KE certificate enrollment (success)
   0014:      KE certificate enrollment (failure)
   0015:      Start KE certificate re-enrollment
   0016:      KE certificate re-enrollment (success)
   0017:      KE certificate re-enrollment (failure)
   0018:      Asymmetric Key Package (PKCS#8)
   0019:      Asymmetric Key Package (CMS)
   0020:      Asymmetric Key Package Receipt or Error
   0021:      Symmetric Key Package
   0022:      Symmetric Key Package Receipt or Error
   0023:      Firmware Package
   0024:      Firmware Package Receipt or Error
   0025:      TAMP Status Query



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   0026:      TAMP Status Query Response or Error
   0027:      Trust Anchor Update
   0028:      Trust Anchor Update Confirm or Error
   0029:      Apex Trust Anchor Update
   0030:      Apex Trust Anchor Update Confirm or Error
   0031:      Community Update
   0032:      Community Update Confirm or Error
   0033:      Sequence Number Adjust
   0034:      Sequence Number Adjust Confirm or Error

                      Table 1 - PAL Package Types

   PAL package types are essentially hints about the type of package the
   client is about to retrieve or is asked to return.  Savvy clients can
   parse the packages to determine what has been provided, but in some
   instances it is better to know before retrieving the package.  The
   hint provided here does not obviate the need for clients to check the
   type of package provided before they store it possibly in specially
   allocated locations (i.e., some clients might store Root ARLs
   separately from intermediate CRLs).  For packages provided by the
   client, the server is asking the client to provide an enrollment
   package, receipt or error.

   The PAL package types have the following meaning:

   0000 Reserved: Reserved for future use.

   0001 Additional PAL value present: Indicates that this PAL entry
          refers to another PAL by referring to another /pal URI, which
          is defined in this section.  This PAL package type limits the
          size of PALs to a more manageable size for clients.

   0002 X.509 CA certificate: Indicates that one or more CA certificates
          [RFC5280] are available for the client by pointing to a
          /cacerts URI, which is defined in [RFC7030].

   0003 X.509 EE certificate: Indicates that one or more EE certificate
          [RFC5280] is available for the client by pointing to an
          /eecerts URI, which is defined in Section 3.

   0004 X.509 ARL: Indicates that one or more ARL (Authority Revocation
          List) [RFC5280] is available for the client by pointing to a
          /crls URI, which is defined in Section 4.

   0005 X.509 CRL: Indicates that one or more CRL (Certificate
          Revocation List) [RFC5280] is available for the client by
          pointing to a /crls URI, which is defined in Section 4.




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          Note:  See Section 9 for additional information about PAL and
          certificate enrollment interaction.  See Appendix B for
          additional informative information.

   0006 Start DS (Digital Signature) certificate enrollment: Indicates
          that the client begin enrolling their DS certificate.  The PAL
          entry points to a /csrattrs URI, which is defined in
          [RFC7030].

   0007 DS certificate enrollment (success): Indicates that the client
          retrieve a successful certification response.  The PAL entry
          points to a /simpleenroll or a /fullcmc URI for package
          retrieval, which are both defined in [RFC7030].

   0008 DS certificate enrollment (failure): Indicates that the client
          retrieve a failed certification response for a DS certificate.
           This PAL entry points to a /simpleenroll or a /fullcmc URI
          for package retrieval.

   0009 Start DS certificate re-enrollment: Indicates that the client
          rekey/renew a DS certificate.   The PAL entry points to a
          /simplereenroll or a /fullcmc URI.

   0010 DS certificate re-enrollment (success): See PAL package type
          0007.

   0011 DS certificate re-enrollment (failure): See PAL package type
          0008.

          NOTE: The KE (Key Establishment) responses that follow use the
          same URIs as DS certificates.

   0012 Start KE certificate enrollment: See PAL package type 0006.

   0013 KE certificate enrollment (success): See PAL package type 0007.

   0014 KE certificate enrollment (failure): See PAL package type 0008.

   0015 Start KE certificate re-enrollment: See PAL package type 0009.

   0016 KE certificate re-enrollment (success): See PAL package type
          0007.

   0017 KE certificate re-enrollment (failure): See PAL package type
          0008.

          Note: The variations on the asymmetric key packages is due to
          the number of CMS content types that can be used to protect



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          the asymmetric key; the syntax for the asymmetric key is the
          same but additional ASN.1 is needed to include it in a signed
          data (i.e., the ASN.1 needs to be a CMS content type not the
          private key info type).  See Section 8 of this document for
          additional information.  See Section 9 for additional
          information about server key generation using the /fullcmc
          URI.

   0018 Asymmetric Key Package (PKCS#8):  Indicates that an asymmetric
          key generated by the server is available for the client; the
          package is an asymmetric key without additional encryption as
          specified in Section 4.4.2 of [RFC7030].  The PAL entry points
          to a /serverkeygen or a /fullcmc URI, which are defined in
          [RFC7030].

   0019 Asymmetric Key Package (CMS): See PAL package type 0018.  The
          difference being that the package available is an asymmetric
          key package [RFC5958] that is signed and encapsulated in a
          signed data content type, as specified in Section 4.4.2 of
          [RFC7030].

   0020 Symmetric Key Package: Indicates that a symmetric key package
          [RFC6031] is available for the client by pointing to a
          /symmetrickeys URI, which is defined in Section 5.

   0021 Symmetric Key Package Receipt or Error: Indicates that the
          server wants the client to return a key package receipt or an
          error [ID.housley-ct-keypackage-receipt-n-error] to the
          /symmetrickeys/return URI, which is defined in Section 5.

   0022 Firmware Package: Indicates that a firmware package [RFC4108] is
          available for the client using the /firmware URI, which is
          defined in Section 6.

   0023 Firmware Package Receipt or Error: Indicates that the server
          wants the client to return a firmware package receipt or error
          [RFC4108] using the /firmware/return URI, which is defined in
          Section 6.

   Note: The /tamp and tamp/return URIs are defined in Section 7.

   0024 TAMP Status Query: Indicates that a TAMP Status Query package
          [RFC5934] is available for the client using the /tamp URI.

   0025 TAMP Status Query Response or Error: Indicates that the server
          wants the client to return a TAMP Status Query Response or
          Error [RFC5934] using the /tamp/return URI.




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   0026 Trust Anchor Update: Indicates that a Trust Anchor Update
          package [RFC5934] is available for the client using the /tamp
          URI.

   0027 Trust Anchor Update Confirm or Error: Indicates that the server
          wants the client to return a TAMP Anchor Update Confirm or
          Error [RFC5934] using the /tamp/return URI.

   0028 Apex Trust Anchor Update: Indicates that a TAMP Apex Anchor
          Update package [RFC5934] is available for the client using the
          /tamp URI.

   0029 Apex Trust Anchor Update Confirm or Error: Indicates that the
          server wants the client to return an Apex Trust Anchor Update
          Confirm or Error [RFC5934] using the /tamp/return URI.

   0031 Community Update: Indicates that a TAMP Community Update package
          [RFC5934] is available for the client using the /tamp URI.

   0032 Community Update Confirm or Error: Indicates that the server
          wants the client to return a Community Update Confirm or Error
          [RFC5934] using the /tamp/return URI.

   0033 Sequence Number Adjust: Indicates that a TAMP Sequence Number
          package [RFC5934] is available for the client using the /tamp
          URI.

   0034 Sequence Number Adjust Confirm or Error: Indicates that the
          server wants the client to return a Sequence Number Adjust
          Confirm or Error [RFC5934] using the /tamp/return URI.

2.1.2.  PAL Schema

   The name space is specified in Section 11.1.  The fields in the
   schema were discussed earlier in Sections 2.1 and 2.1.1.

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
     xmlns:pal="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pal"
     targetNamespace="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pal"
     elementFormDefault="qualified" attributeFormDefault="unqualified"
     version="1.0">
     <xsd:annotation>
       <xsd:documentation>
         This schema defines the types and elements needed
         to retrieve client packages from the server.
       </xsd:documentation>
     </xsd:annotation>



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     <!-- ===== Element Declarations ===== -->

     <xsd:element name="pal" type="pal:PAL" />

     <!-- ===== Complex Data Element Type Definitions ===== -->

     <xsd:complexType name="PAL">
       <xsd:annotation>
         <xsd:documentation>
           This type defines the Package Availability List (PAL).
         </xsd:documentation>
       </xsd:annotation>
       <xsd:sequence>
         <xsd:element name="message" type="pal:PALEntry" minOccurs="0">
           <xsd:annotation>
             <xsd:documentation>
               Contains information about the package and a link that
               the client uses to download the package.
             </xsd:documentation>
           </xsd:annotation>
         </xsd:element>
       </xsd:sequence>
     </xsd:complexType>

     <xsd:complexType name="PALEntry">
       <xsd:annotation>
         <xsd:documentation>
           This type defines a product in the PAL.
         </xsd:documentation>
       </xsd:annotation>
       <xsd:sequence>
         <xsd:element name="type" type="pal:PackageType"
           minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1">
         </xsd:element>
         <xsd:element name="date" type="pal:GeneralizedTimeType"
           minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1">
         </xsd:element>
         <xsd:element name="size" type="pal:PackageSizeType"
           minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1">
         </xsd:element>
         <xsd:element name="info" type="pal:PackageInfoType"
           minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1">
         </xsd:element>
       </xsd:sequence>
     </xsd:complexType>

     <xsd:complexType name="PackageInfoType">
       <xsd:annotation>



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         <xsd:documentation>
           This type allows a choice of X.500 Distinguished Name,
           Subject Key Identifier, Issuer and Serial Number tuple,
           or URI.
         </xsd:documentation>
       </xsd:annotation>
       <xsd:choice>
         <xsd:element name="dn"   type="pal:DistinguishedName" />
         <xsd:element name="ski"  type="pal:SubjectKeyIdentifier" />
         <xsd:element name="iasn" type="pal:IssuerAndSerialNumber" />
         <xsd:element name="uri"  type="pal:ThisURI" />
       </xsd:choice>
     </xsd:complexType>

     <xsd:complexType name="IssuerAndSerialNumber">
       <xsd:annotation>
         <xsd:documentation>
           This type holds the issuer Distinguished Name and
           serial number of a referenced certificate.
         </xsd:documentation>
       </xsd:annotation>
       <xsd:sequence>
         <xsd:element name="issuer" type="pal:DistinguishedName" />
         <xsd:element name="serial" type="xsd:integer" />
       </xsd:sequence>
     </xsd:complexType>

     <!-- =====Simple Data Element Type Definitions ===== -->

     <xsd:simpleType name="PackageType">
       <xsd:annotation>
         <xsd:documentation>
           Identifies each package that a client may retrieve from
           the server with a 4-digit field.
         </xsd:documentation>
       </xsd:annotation>
       <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">
         <xsd:maxLength value="4" />
       </xsd:restriction>
     </xsd:simpleType>

     <xsd:simpleType name="GeneralizedTimeType">
       <xsd:annotation>
         <xsd:documentation>
           Indicates the date and time (YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SSZ) the
           client last acknowledged successful receipt of the
           package or 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z if there is no indication
           the package has been downloaded or the PAL entry



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           corresponds to a pointer to the next PAL.
         </xsd:documentation>
       </xsd:annotation>
       <xsd:restriction base="xsd:dateTime">
         <xsd:pattern value=
           "((000[1-9])|(00[1-9][0-9])|(0[1-9][0-9]{2})|
           ([1-9][0-9]{3}))-((0[1-9])|(1[012]))-((0[1-9])|
           ([12][0-9])|(3[01]))T(([01][0-9])|(2[0-3]))
           (:[0-5][0-9])(:00)Z" />
         <xsd:minInclusive value="2013-05-23T00:00:00Z" />
       </xsd:restriction>
     </xsd:simpleType>

     <xsd:simpleType name="PackageSizeType">
       <xsd:annotation>
         <xsd:documentation>
           Indicates the package's size.
         </xsd:documentation>
       </xsd:annotation>
       <xsd:pattern value="[0-9]+" />
     </xsd:simpleType>

     <xsd:simpleType name="DistinguishedName">
       <xsd:annotation>
         <xsd:documentation>
           This type holds an X.500 Distinguished Name.
         </xsd:documentation>
       </xsd:annotation>
       <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string" />
       <xsd:maxLength value="1024" />
     </xsd:simpleType>

     <xsd:simpleType name="SubjectKeyIdentifier">
       <xsd:annotation>
         <xsd:documentation>
           This type holds a hex string representing the value of a
           certificate's SubjectKeyIdentifier.
         </xsd:documentation>
       </xsd:annotation>
       <xsd:restriction base="xsd:hexBinary" />
       <xsd:maxLength value="1024" />
     </xsd:simpleType>

     <xsd:simpleType name="ThisURI">
       <xsd:annotation>
         <xsd:documentation>
           This type holds a URI, but is length limited.
         </xsd:documentation>



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       </xsd:annotation>
       <xsd:restriction base="xsd:anyURI" />
       <xsd:maxLength value="1024" />
     </xsd:simpleType>

   </xsd:schema>

2.2.  Request PAL

   Clients request their PAL with an HTTP GET [RFC2616] using an
   operation path of "/pal".

2.3.  Provide PAL

   If the server has a PAL for the client, the server response MUST
   contain an HTTP 200 response code with a content-type of
   "application/xml" [RFC3023] and a Content-Transfer-Encoding of
   "base64".

   When the server constructs a PAL, an order of precedence for PAL
   offerings is based on the following rationale:

     o /cacerts and /crls packages are the most important because they
       support validation decisions on certificates used to sign and
       encrypt other listed PAL items.

     o /csrattrs are the next in importance, since they provide
       information that the server would like the client to include in
       its certificate enrollment request.

     o /simpleenroll, /simplereenroll, and /fullcmc packages items are
       next in importance, since they can impact a certificate used by
       the client to sign CMS content or a certificate to establish keys
       for encrypting content exchanged with the client.

       * A client engaged in a certificate management SHOULD accept and
         process CA-provided transactions as soon as possible to avoid
         undue delays that might lead to protocol failure.

     o /symmetrickeys, /firmware, /tamp, and /eecerts packages
       containing keys and other types of products are last.  Precedence
       SHOULD be given to packages that the client has not previously
       downloaded.  The items listed in a PAL may not identify all of
       the packages available for a device.  This can be for any of the
       following reasons:

   The server may temporarily withhold some outstanding PAL items to
   simplify client processing.



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   If a CA has more than one certificate ready to begin a certificate
   management protocol with a client, the server will provide a notice
   for one at a time.  Pending notices will be serviced in order of the
   earliest date when the certificate will be used.

   When rejecting a request the server specifies either an HTTP 4xx
   error, or an HTTP 5xx error.

   All other return codes are handled as specified in Section 4.2.3 of
   [RFC7030] (i.e., 202 handling and all other HTTP response codes).

3.  Distribute EE Certificates

   Numerous mechanisms exist for clients to query repositories for
   certificates.  The service provided by the /eecerts PC is different
   in that it is not a general purpose query for client certificates
   instead it allows the server to provide peer certificates to a client
   that the server knows through an out-of-band mechanism that the
   client will be communicating with.  For example, a router being
   provisioned that connects to two peers can be provisioned with not
   only its certificate but also with the peers' certificates.

   The server need not authenticate or authorize the client for
   distributing an EE certificate because the package contents are
   already signed by a CA (i.e., the certificate(s) in a certs-only
   message are already signed by a CA).  The message flow is similar to
   Figure 1 except that the connection need not be HTTPS:

                      |                      |
            Client    |    Establish TLS     |    Server
                      |       Session        |
                      |<-------------------->|
                      |                      |
                      |          Request PAL |
                      |   (HTTP GET Request) |
                      |--------------------->|
                      |<---------------------|
                      | Deliver PAL          |
                      | (HTTP GET Response)  |
                      |                      |
                      |   Request EE Cert(s) |
                      |   (HTTP GET Request) |
                      |--------------------->|
                      |<---------------------|
                      | Deliver EE Cert(s)   |
                      | (HTTP GET Response)  |
                      |                      |




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                  Figure 2 - /eecerts Message Sequence

3.1.  EE Certificate Request

   Clients request EE certificates with an HTTP GET [RFC2616] using an
   operation path of "/eecerts".

3.2.  EE Certificate Response

   The response and processing of the returned error codes is identical
   to that in Section 3.1.3 of [RFC7030] except that the certificate
   provided is not the one issued to the client but is instead one of
   more client's peer certificates is returned in the certs-only
   message.

   Clients MUST reject EE certificates that do not validate to an
   authorized TA.

4.  Distribute CRLs

   CRLs are needed in many instances to perform certificate path
   validation [RFC5280].  They can be obtained from repositories if
   their location is provided in the certificate.  However, the client
   needs to parse the certificate and perform an additional round trip
   to retrieve them.  Providing CRLs at the time of bootstrap would
   obviate the need for the client to parse certificate and aid those
   clients who might be unable to retrieve the CRL.  Clients are free to
   obtain CRLs on which they rely from sources other than the server
   (e.g., a local directory).  The /crls PC allows servers to distribute
   CRLs at the same time clients retrieve their certificate(s) and CA
   certificate(s) as well as peer certificates.

   The server need not authenticate or authorize the client for
   distributing a CRL because the package is already signed by a CA
   (i.e., the CRLs in a certs-only message are already signed by a CA).
   The message flow is as depicted in Figure 2 but with "CRL(s)" instead
   of "EE Cert(s)".

4.1.  CRL Request

   Clients request CRLs with an HTTP GET [RFC2616] using an operation
   path of "/crls".

4.2.  CRL Response

   The response and processing of the response is identical to that in
   Section 3.1.3 of [RFC7030] except that instead of providing the
   issued certificate one of more CRLs are returned in the certs-only



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   message.

   Clients MUST reject CRLs that do not validate to an authorized TA.

5. Symmetric Keys, Receipts, and Errors

   In addition to public keys, clients often need one or more symmetric
   keys to communicate with their peers.  The /symmetrickeys PC allows
   the server to distribute symmetric keys to clients.

   Distribution of keys does not always work as planned and clients need
   a way to inform the server that something has gone wrong; they also
   need a way to inform the server, if asked, that the distribution
   process has successfully completed.  The /symmetrickeys/return PC
   allows client to provide errors and receipts.

   Clients MUST authenticate the server and clients MUST check server's
   authorization.

   The server MUST authenticate clients and the server MUST check the
   client's authorization.

   HTTP GET [RFC2616] is used when the server provides the key to the
   client (see Section 5.1) using the /symmetrickeys path component;
   HTTP POST [RFC2616] is used when the client provides a receipt (see
   Section 5.2) or an error (see Section 5.2) to the server with the
   /symmetrickeys/return path component.

5.1.  Symmetric Keys

   Servers use /symmetrickeys to provide clients symmetric keys;
   symmetric key package is defined in [RFC6031].

   The TLS cipher suite used to return the symmetric key MUST offer
   commensurate cryptographic strength with the symmetric key being
   delivered to the client.  As with the /serverkeygen PC defined in
   [RFC7030], the default distribution method of the symmetric key uses
   the encryption mode of the negotiated TLS cipher suite.  Keys are not
   protected by preferred key wrapping methods such as AES Key Wrap
   [RFC3394] or AES Key Wrap with Padding [RFC5649] because encryption
   of the symmetric key beyond that provided by TLS is OPTIONAL.
   Therefore, the cipher suite used to return the symmetric key MUST
   offer commensurate cryptographic strength with the symmetric key
   being delivered to the client.  The cipher suite use MUST NOT have
   NULL encryption algorithm as this will disclose the unprotected
   symmetric key.  It is strongly RECOMMENDED that servers always return
   encrypted symmetric keys.




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   The following depicts the protocol flow:

                      |                      |
            Client    |    Establish TLS     |    Server
                      |       Session        |
                      |<-------------------->|
                      |                      |
                      |          Request PAL |
                      |   (HTTP GET Request) |
                      |--------------------->|
                      |<---------------------|
                      | Deliver PAL          |
                      | (HTTP GET Response)  |
                      |                      |
                      |    Req Symmetric Key |
                      |   (HTTP GET Request) |
                      |--------------------->|
                      |<---------------------|
                      | Res Symmetric Key    |
                      | (HTTP GET Response)  |
                      |                      |

               Figure 3 - /symmetrickeys Message Sequence

5.1.1.  Distribute Symmetric Keys

   Clients request the symmetric key from the server with an HTTP GET
   [RFC2616] using an operation path of "/symmetrickeys".

5.1.2.  Symmetric Key Response

   If the request is successful, the server response MUST have an HTTP
   200 response code with a Content-Type of application/cms [ID.turner-
   application-cms-media-type] and a Content-Transfer-Encoding of
   "base64".  The optional application/cms parameters SHOULD be included
   with the Content-Type to indicate the protection afforded to the
   returned symmetric key.  The returned content varies:

     o If additional encryption is not being employed, the content
       associated with application/cms is a base 64-encoded DER-encoded
       [X.690] symmetric key package.

     o If additional encryption is employed, the content associated with
       application/cms is a base 64-encoded DER-encoded enveloped data
       that encapsulates a signed data that further encapsulates a
       symmetric key package.

     o If additional encryption and origin authentication is employed,



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       the content associated with application/cms is a base 64-encoded
       DER-encoded signed data that encapsulates an enveloped data that
       encapsulates a signed data that further encapsulates a symmetric
       key package.

     o If CCC (CMS Content Constraints) [RFC6010] is supported and
       additional encryption is employed, the content associated with
       application/cms is a base 64-encoded DER-encoded encrypted key
       package content type [RFC6032] that encapsulates a signed data
       that further encapsulates a symmetric key package.

     o If CCC is supported and additional encryption and additional
       origin authentication is employed, the content associated with
       application/cms is a base 64-encoded DER-encoded signed data that
       encapsulates an encrypted key package content type that
       encapsulates a signed data that further encapsulates a symmetric
       key package.

   Encrypted key package provides three choices to encapsulate keys,
   encrypted data, enveloped data, and authenticated data, with
   enveloped data being the mandatory to implement choice.  How the
   server knows whether the client supports the encrypted key package is
   beyond the scope of this document.

   When rejecting a request, the server specifies either an HTTP 4xx
   error, or an HTTP 5xx error.

   If a symmetric key package is digitally signed, the client MUST
   reject it if the digital signature does not validate back to an
   authorized TA.

   [RFC3370], [RFC5753], [RFC5754], [RFC6033], [RFC6160], and [RFC6161]
   provide algorithm details for use when protecting the symmetric key
   package.

5.2.  Symmetric Key Receipts and Errors

   Clients use /symmetrickeys/return to provide symmetric key package
   receipts; the key package receipt content type is defined in
   [ID.housley-ct-keypackage-receipt-n-error].  Clients are configured
   to automatically return receipts after processing a symmetric key
   package, return receipts based on processing of the key-package-
   identifier-and-receipt-request attribute [ID.housley-ct-keypackage-
   receipt-n-error], or return receipts when prompted by a PAL entry.

   Servers can indicate that clients return a receipt by including the
   key-package-identifier-and-receipt-request attribute in a signed data
   as a signed attribute.  However, this attribute only appears when



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   additional encryption is employed (see Section 5.1.2).

   Clients also use /symmetrickeys/return to return symmetric key
   package errors; the key package error content type is defined in
   [ID.housley-ct-keypackage-receipt-n-error].  Clients are configured
   to automatically return errors after processing a symmetric key
   package or based on a PAL entry.

   The following depicts the protocol flow:

                      |                      |
            Client    |    Establish TLS     |    Server
                      |       Session        |
                      |<-------------------->|
                      |                      |
                      |          Request PAL |
                      |   (HTTP GET Request) |
                      |--------------------->|
                      |<---------------------|
                      | Deliver PAL          |
                      | (HTTP GET Response)  |
                      |                      |
                      | Return Receipt/Error |
                      |  (HTTP POST Request) |
                      |--------------------->|
                      |<---------------------|
                      | (HTTP POST Response) |
                      | status code only     |
                      | no content           |
                      |                      |

           Figure 4 - /symmetrickeys/return Message Sequence

5.2.1.  Provide Symmetric Key Receipt or Error

   Clients return key receipts and errors to the server with an HTTP
   POST [RFC2616] using an operation path of "/symmetrickeys/return" and
   a Content-Transfer-Encoding of "base64".  The returned content
   varies:

     o The key package receipt is digitally signed [ID.housley-ct-
       keypackage-receipt-n-error], the Content-Type is application/cms
       [ID.turner-application-cms-media-type] and the associated content
       is signed data, which encapsulates a key package receipt.

     o If the key package error is not digitally signed, the Content-
       Type is application/cms and the associated content is key package
       error.



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     o If the key package error is digitally signed, the Content-Type is
       application/cms and the associated content is signed data, which
       encapsulates a key package error.

   The optional application/cms encapsulatingContent and innerContent
   parameters SHOULD be included with the Content-Type to indicate the
   protection afforded to the receipt or error.

   [RFC3370], [RFC5753], [RFC5754], and [ID-turner-ct-keypackage-
   receipt-n-error-algs] provide algorithm details for use when
   protecting the key package receipt or key package error.

5.2.2.  Symmetric Key Receipt or Error Response

   If the client successfully provides a receipt or error, the server
   response has an HTTP 200 response code with no content.

   When rejecting a request, the server specifies either an HTTP 4xx
   error, or an HTTP 5xx error.

   If a key package receipt or key package error is digitally signed,
   the server MUST reject it if the digital signature does not validate
   back to an authorized TA.

6.  Firmware, Firmware Receipts, and Firmware Errors

   Servers distribute object code for cryptographic algorithms and
   software with the firmware package [RFC4108].

   Clients MUST authenticate the server and clients MUST check server's
   authorization.

   Server MUST authenticate the client and the server MUST check the
   client's authorization.

   The /firmware PC uses an HTTP GET [RFC2616] and the /firmware/return
   PC uses an HTTP POST [RFC2616].  GET is used when the client
   retrieves firmware from the server (see Section 6.1); POST is used
   when the client provides a receipt (see Section 6.2) or an error (see
   Section 6.2).

6.1.  Firmware

   The /firmware URI is used by servers to provide firmware packages to
   clients.

   The message flow is as depicted in Figure 3 modulo replacing
   "Symmetric Key" with "Firmware Package".



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6.1.1.  Distribute Firmware

   Clients request firmware from the server with an HTTP GET [RFC2616]
   using an operation path of "/firmware".

6.1.2.  Firmware Response

   If the request is successful, the server response MUST have an HTTP
   200 response code with a Content-Type of "application/cms"
   [ID.turner-application-cms-media-type] and a Content-Transfer-
   Encoding of "base64".  The optional encapsulatingContent and
   innerContent parameters SHOULD be included with Content-Type to
   indicate the protection afforded to the returned firmware.  The
   returned content varies:

     o If the firmware is unprotected, then the Content-Type is
       application/cms and the content is the base 64-encoded DER-
       encoded [X.690] firmware package.

     o If the firmware is encrypted, then the Content-Type is
       application/cms and the content is the base 64-encoded DER-
       encoded encrypted data that encapsulates the firmware package.

     o If the firmware is signed, then the Content-Type is
       application/cms and the content is the base 64-encoded DER-
       encoded signed data that encapsulates the firmware package.

   When rejecting a request, the server specifies either an HTTP 4xx
   error, or an HTTP 5xx error.

   If a firmware package is digitally signed, the client MUST reject it
   if the digital signature does not validate back to an authorized TA.

   [RFC3370], [RFC5753], and [RFC5754] provide algorithm details for use
   when protecting the firmware package.

6.2.  Firmware Receipts and Errors

   Clients use the /firmware/return PC to provide firmware package load
   receipts and errors.  Clients can be configured to automatically
   return receipts and errors after processing a firmware package or
   based on a PAL entry.

   The message flow is as depicted in Figure 4 modulo the receipt or
   error is for a firmware package.

6.2.1.  Provide Firmware Package Receipt or Error




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   Clients return firmware package receipts and errors to the server
   with an HTTP POST [RFC2616] using an operation path of
   "/firmware/return" and a Content-Transfer-Encoding of "base64".  The
   optional encapsulatingContent and innerContent parameters SHOULD be
   included with Content-Type to indicate the protection afforded to the
   returned firmware.  The returned content varies:

     o If the firmware load receipt is not digitally signed, the
       Content-Type is application/cms [ID.turner-application-cms-media-
       type] and the content is the base 64-encoded DER-encoded firmware
       load receipt.

     o If the firmware load receipt is digitally signed, the Content-
       Type is application/cms  and the content is the base 64-encoded
       DER-encoded signed data encapsulating the firmware load receipt.

     o If the firmware load error is not digitally signed, the Content-
       Type is application/cms  and the content is the base 64-encoded
       DER-encoded firmware load error.

     o If the firmware load error is digitally signed, the Content-Type
       is application/cms  and the content is the base 64-encoded DER-
       encoded signed data encapsulating the firmware load error.

   [RFC3370], [RFC5753], and [RFC5754] provide algorithm details for use
   when protecting the firmware load receipt or firmware load error.

6.2.2.  Firmware Receipt or Error Response

   If the request is successful, the server response MUST have an HTTP
   200 response code with no content.

   When rejecting a request, the server MUST specify either an HTTP 4xx
   error, or an HTTP 5xx error.

   If a firmware load receipt or firmware load error is digitally
   signed, the server MUST reject it if the digital signature does not
   validate back to an authorized TA.

7.  Trust Anchor Management Protocol

   Servers distribute TAMP packages to manage client trust anchor
   databases; TAMP packages are defined in [RFC5934].  TAMP will allow
   the flexibility for a device to load authorities while maintaining an
   operational state.  Unlike other systems that require new software
   loads when new PKI Roots are authorized for use, TAMP allows for
   automated management of roots for provisioning or replacement as
   needed.



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   Clients MUST authenticate the server and clients MUST check server's
   authorization.

   Server MUST authenticate the client and the server MUST check the
   client's authorization.

   The /tamp PC uses an HTTP GET [RFC2616] and the tamp/return PC uses
   an HTTP POST [RFC2616].  GET is used when the server requests that
   the client retrieve a TAMP package (see Section 7.1); POST is used
   when the client provides a confirm (see Section 7.2), provides a
   response (see Section 7.2), or provides an error (see Section 7.2)
   for the TAMP package.

7.1.  TAMP Status Query, Trust Anchor Update, Apex Trust Anchor Update,
      Community Update, and Sequence Number Adjust

   Clients use the /tamp PC to retrieve TAMP packages: TAMP Status
   Query, Trust Anchor Update, Apex Trust Anchor Update, Community
   Update, and Sequence Number Adjust.  Clients can be configured to
   periodically poll the server for these packages or contact the server
   based on a PAL entry.

   The message flow is as depicted in Figure 3 modulo replacing
   "Symmetric Key" with the appropriate TAMP message.

7.1.1.  Request TAMP Packages

   Clients request the TAMP packages from the server with an HTTP GET
   [RFC2616] using an operation path of "/tamp".

7.1.2.  Return TAMP Packages

   If the request is successful, the server response MUST have an HTTP
   200 response code with Content-Transfer-Encoding of "base64" and a
   Content-Type of:
     o application/tamp-status-query for TAMP Status Query
     o application/tamp-update for Trust Anchor Update
     o application/tamp-apex-update for Apex Trust Anchor Update
     o application/tamp-community-update for Community Update
     o application/tamp-sequence-adjust for Sequence Number Adjust

   As specified in [RFC5934], these content types are digitally signed
   and clients must support validating the packages directly signed by
   TAs.  For this specification, client MUST support validation with a
   certificate and clients MUST reject it if the digital signature does
   not validate back to an authorized TA.

   [RFC3370], [RFC5753], and [RFC5754] provide algorithm details for use



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   when protecting the TAMP packages.

7.2.  TAMP Response, Confirm, and Errors Packages

   Clients return the TAMP Status Query Response, Trust Anchor Update
   Confirm, Apex Trust Anchor Update Confirm, Community Update Confirm,
   Sequence Number Adjust Confirm, and TAMP Error to servers using the
   /tamp/return PC.  Clients can be configured to automatically return
   responses, confirms, and errors after processing a TAMP package or
   based on a PAL entry.

   The message flow is as depicted in Figure 4 modulo replacing
   "Receipt/Error" with the appropriate TAMP response, confirm, or
   error.

7.2.1.  Return Responses, Confirms, and Errors

   Clients provide the TAMP responses, confirms, and errors to the
   server with an HTTP POST using an operation path of "/tamp/return".
   The Content-Transfer-Encoding is "base64" and the Content-Type is:

     o application/tamp-status-query-response for TAMP Status Query
       Response
     o application/tamp-update-confirm for Trust Anchor Update Confirm
     o application/tamp-apex-update-confirm for Apex Trust Anchor Update
       Confirm
     o application/tamp-community-update-confirm for Community Update
       Confirm
     o application/tamp-sequence-adjust-confirm for Sequence Number
       Adjust Confirm
     o application/tamp-error for TAMP Error

   As specified in [RFC5934], these content types should be signed.  If
   signed, a signed data encapsulates the TAMP content.

   [RFC3370], [RFC5753], and [RFC5754] provide algorithm details for use
   when protecting the TAMP packages.

7.2.2.  Responses, Confirms, and Errors Response

   If the request is successful, the server response MUST have an HTTP
   200 response code with no content.

   When rejecting a request, the server MUST specify either an HTTP 4xx
   error, or an HTTP 5xx error.

   If the package is digitally signed, the server MUST reject it if
   digital signature does not validate back to an authorized TA.



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8.  Asymmetric Keys, Receipts, and Errors

   [RFC7030] defines the /serverkeygen PC to support server-side
   generation of asymmetric keys.  Keys are returned either as an
   unprotected PKCS#8 when additional security beyond TLS is not
   employed or as a CMS asymmetric key package content type that is
   encapsulated in a signed data content type that is further
   encapsulated in an enveloped data content type when additional
   security beyond TLS is requested.  Some implementations prefer the
   use of other CMS content types to encapsulate the asymmetric key
   package; this document extends the content types that can be returned
   in Section 8.1.

   [ID.housley-ct-keypackage-receipt-n-error] defines content types for
   key package receipts and errors.  This document extends the
   "/serverkeygen" PC to add support for returning receipts and errors
   for asymmetric key packages in Section 8.2.

8.1.  Asymmetric Key Encapsulation

   CMS supports a number of content types to encapsulate other CMS
   content types; [RFC7030] includes one such possibility; note that
   when only relying on TLS the return key is not a CMS content type.
   This document extends the CMS content types that can be returned.

   If the client supports CCC [RFC6010], then the client can indicate
   that it supports encapsulated asymmetric keys in the encrypted key
   package [RFC5958] by including the content type attribute [RFC2985]
   in the CSR (Certificate Signing Request), aka the certification
   request, it provides to the server.  If the server knows a prior that
   the client supports the encrypted key package content type, then the
   client need not include the content type attribute in the CSR.

   In all instances defined herein, the Content-Type is
   "application/cms" [ID.turner-application-cms-media-type] the Content-
   Transfer-Encoding is "base64".  The optional encapsulatingContent and
   innerContent parameters SHOULD be included with Content-Type to
   indicate the protection afforded to the returned asymmetric key
   package.

   If additional encryption and origin authentication is employed, the
   content associated with application/cms is a base 64-encoded DER-
   encoded signed data that encapsulates an enveloped data that
   encapsulates a signed data that further encapsulates an asymmetric
   key package.

   If CCC (CMS Content Constraints) is supported and additional
   encryption is employed, the content associated with application/cms



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   is a base 64-encoded DER-encoded encrypted key package content type
   that encapsulates a signed data that further encapsulates an
   asymmetric key package.

   If CCC is supported and additional encryption and additional origin
   authentication is employed, the content associated with
   application/cms is a base 64-encoded DER-encoded signed data that
   encapsulates an encrypted key package content type that encapsulates
   a signed data that further encapsulates an asymmetric key package.

   Encrypted key package provides three choices to encapsulate keys,
   encrypted data, enveloped data, and authenticated data, with
   enveloped data being the mandatory to implement choice.

8.2.  Asymmetric Key Package Receipts and Errors

   Clients are configured to automatically return receipts after
   processing an asymmetric key package, return receipts based on
   processing of the key-package-identifier-and-receipt-request
   attribute [ID.housley-ct-keypackage-receipt-n-error], or return
   receipts when prompted by a PAL entry.

   Servers can indicate that clients return a receipt by including the
   key-package-identifier-and-receipt-request attribute [ID.housley-ct-
   keypackage-receipt-n-error] in a signed data as a signed attribute.

   The protocol flow is identical to that depicted in Figure 4 modulo
   the receipt or error is for asymmetric keys.

   The server and client processing is as described in Section 5.2.1 and
   5.2.2 modulo the PC, which for Asymmetric Key Packages is
   "/serverkeygen/return".

9.  PAL & Certificate Enrollment

   The /fullcmc PC is defined in [RFC7030]; the CMC (Certificate
   Management over Cryptographic Message Syntax) requirements and
   packages defined in [RFC5272], [RFC5273], [RFC5274], and [RFC6402].
   This section describes PAL interactions.

   Under normal circumstances the client-server interactions for PKI
   enrollment are as follows:

           Client                       Server
                 --------------------->
             POST req: PKIRequest
             Content-Type: application/pkcs10
            or



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             POST req: PKIRequest
             Content-Type: application/pkcs7-mime
                           smime-type=CMC-request

                  <--------------------
                         POST res: PKIResponse
                         Content-Type: application/pkcs7-mime
                                       smime-type=certs-only
                        or
                         POST res: PKIResponse
                         Content-Type: application/pkcs7-mime
                                       smime-type=CMC-response

   if the response is rejected during the same session:

           Client                       Server
                  --------------------->
              POST req: PKIRequest
              Content-Type: application/pkcs10
             or
              POST req: PKIRequest
              Content-Type: application/pkcs7-mime
                            smime-type=CMC-request

                  <--------------------
                         POST res: empty
                         HTTPS Status Code
                        or
                         POST res: PKIResponse
                         Content-Type: application/pkcs7-mime
                                      smime-type=CMC-response

   if the request is to be filled later:

           Client                       Server
                  --------------------->
              POST req: PKIRequest
              Content-Type: application/pkcs10
             or
              POST req: PKIRequest
              Content-Type: application/pkcs7-mime
                            smime-type=CMC-request

                  <--------------------
                         POST res: empty
                         HTTPS Status Code
                         + Retry-After
                        or



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                         POST res: PKIResponse (pending)
                         Content-Type: application/pkcs7-mime
                                      smime-type=CMC-response

                  --------------------->
              POST req: PKIRequest (same request)
              Content-Type: application/pkcs10
             or
              POST req: PKIRequest (CMC Status Info only)
              Content-Type: application/pkcs7-mime
                            smime-type=CMC-request

                  <--------------------
                         POST res: PKIResponse
                         Content-Type: application/pkcs7-mime
                                       smime-type=certs-only
                        or
                         POST res: PKIResponse
                         Content-Type: application/pkcs7-mime
                                       smime-type=CMC-response


   With the PAL, the client begins after pulling the PAL and a Start
   Issuance PAL package type essentially adding the following before the
   request:

           Client                       Server
                 --------------------->
             GET req: for PAL

                  <--------------------
                         GET res: PAL
                         Content-Type: application/xml

                 --------------------->
             GET req:

                  <--------------------
                         GET res: PAL
                         Content-Type: application/csr-attrs

   For immediately rejected request, CMC works well.  If the server
   prematurely closes the connection, then the procedures in Section
   8.2.4 of [RFC2616] apply.  But, this might leave the client and
   server in a different state.  The client could merely resubmit the
   request but another option, documented herein, is for the client to
   instead download the PAL to see if the server has processed the
   request.  Clients might also use this process when they are unable to



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   remain connected to the server for the entire enrollment process; if
   the server does not or is not able to return a PKIData indicating a
   status of pending, then the client will not know whether the request
   was received.  If a client uses the PAL and reconnects to determine
   if the certification or rekey/renew request was processed:

     o Clients MUST authenticate the server and clients MUST check
       server's authorization.

     o Server MUST authenticate the client and the server MUST check the
       client's authorization.

     o Clients retrieve the PAL using the /pal URI.

     o Clients and servers use the operation path of "/simpleenroll",
       "simplereenroll", or "/fullcmc", based on the PAL entry, with an
       HTTP GET [RFC2616] to get the success or failure response.

   Responses are as specified in [RFC7030].

   For server generated keys using the /fullcmc PC [ID.turner-cmc-
   serverkeygeneration], the asymmetric public key [RFC5958] is returned
   along with the certificate.

10.  Security Considerations

   This document relies on many other specifications.  For HTTP, HTTPS,
   and TLS security considerations see  [RFC2616], [RFC2818], and
   [RFC5246]; for URI security considerations see [RFC3986]; for content
   type security considerations see [RFC4073], [RFC4108], [RFC5272],
   [RFC5652], [RFC5751], [RFC5934], [RFC5958] [RFC6031], [RFC6032],
   [RFC6268], [RFC6402], and [ID.housley-ct-keypackage-receipt-n-error];
   for algorithms used to protect packages see the security
   considerations in: [RFC3370], [RFC5649], [RFC5753], [RFC5754],
   [RFC5959], [RFC6033], [RFC6160], [RFC6161], [RFC6162] and [ID-turner-
   ct-keypackage-receipt-n-error-algs].  For random numbers need when
   generating keys see [RFC4086].

11.  IANA Considerations

   IANA is requested to perform three registrations: PAL Name Space, PAL
   XML Schema, and PAL Package Types.

11.1.  PAL Name Space

   This section registers a new XML namespace [XMLNS],
   "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:TBD" per the guidelines in [RFC3688]:




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      URI:  urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:TBD
      Registrant Contact: Sean Turner (turners@ieca.com)
      XML:
         BEGIN
            <?xml version="1.0"?>
            <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
               "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
            <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
            <head>
               <title>Package Availability List</title>
            </head>
            <body>
               <h1>Namespace for Package Availability List</h1>
               <h2>urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:TBD</h2>
               <p>See RFC TBD</p>
            </body>
            </html>
         END

11.2.  PAL Schema

   This section registers an XML schema as per the guidelines in
   [RFC3688].

      URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:schema:pal

      Registrant Contact:  Sean Turner turners@ieca.com

      XML: See Section 2.1.2.

11.3.  PAL Package Types

   This section registers the PAL Package Types.  Future PAL Package
   Types registrations are to be subject to Expert Review, as defined in
   RFC 5226 [RFC5226].  Package types MUST be paired with a media type.

   The initial registry values are found in Section 2.1.1.

12.  Acknowledgements

   Thanks in no particular order go to Paul Hoffman, Brad McInnis, Max
   Pritikin, Francois Rousseau, Chris Bonatti, and Russ Housley for
   taking time to provide comments.

13.  References

13.1.  Normative References




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   [RFC2045] Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
             Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message
             Bodies", RFC 2045, November 1996.

   [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
             Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC2616] Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H., Masinter,
             L., Leach, P., and T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext Transfer
             Protocol -- HTTP/1.1", RFC 2616, June 1999.

   [RFC2818] Rescorla, E., "HTTP Over TLS", RFC 2818, May 2000.

   [RFC2985] Nystrom, M. and B. Kaliski, "PKCS #9: Selected Object
             Classes and Attribute Types Version 2.0", RFC 2985,
             November 2000.

   [RFC3023] Murata, M., St. Laurent, S., and D. Kohn, "XML Media
             Types", RFC 3023, January 2001.

   [RFC3370] Housley, R., "Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)
             Algorithms", RFC 3370, August 2002.

   [RFC3394] Schaad, J. and R. Housley, "Advanced Encryption Standard
             (AES) Key Wrap Algorithm", RFC 3394, September 2002.

   [RFC3688] Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688,
             January 2004.

   [RFC3986] Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform
             Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66,
             RFC 3986, January 2005.

   [RFC4073] Housley, R., "Protecting Multiple Contents with the
             Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)", RFC 4073, May 2005.

   [RFC4108] Housley, R., "Using Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) to
             Protect Firmware Packages", RFC 4108, August 2005.

   [RFC5226] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an
             IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 5226, May
             2008.

   [RFC5246] Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security
             (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2", RFC 5246, August 2008.

   [RFC5272] Schaad, J. and M. Myers, "Certificate Management over CMS
             (CMC)", RFC 5272, June 2008.



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   [RFC5273] Schaad, J. and M. Myers, "Certificate Management over CMS
             (CMC): Transport Protocols", RFC 5273, June 2008.

   [RFC5274] Schaad, J. and M. Myers, "Certificate Management Messages
             over CMS (CMC): Compliance Requirements", RFC 5274, June
             2008.

   [RFC5280] Cooper, D., Santesson, S., Farrell, S., Boeyen, S.,
             Housley, R., and W. Polk, "Internet X.509 Public Key
             Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List
             (CRL) Profile", RFC 5280, May 2008.

   [RFC5649] Housley, R. and M. Dworkin, "Advanced Encryption Standard
             (AES) Key Wrap with Padding Algorithm", RFC 5649, September
             2009.

   [RFC5652] Housley, R., "Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)", STD 70,
             RFC 5652, September 2009.

   [RFC5751] Ramsdell, B. and S. Turner, "Secure/Multipurpose Internet
             Mail Extensions (S/MIME) Version 3.2 Message
             Specification", RFC 5751, January 2010.

   [RFC5753] Turner, S. and D. Brown, "Use of Elliptic Curve
             Cryptography (ECC) Algorithms in Cryptographic Message
             Syntax (CMS)", RFC 5753, January 2010.

   [RFC5754] Turner, S., "Using SHA2 Algorithms with Cryptographic
             Message Syntax", RFC 5754, January 2010.

   [RFC5934] Housley, R., Ashmore, S., and C. Wallace, "Trust Anchor
             Management Protocol (TAMP)", RFC 5934, August 2010.

   [RFC5958] Turner, S., "Asymmetric Key Packages", RFC 5958, August
             2010.

   [RFC5959] Turner, S., "Algorithms for Asymmetric Key Package Content
             Type", RFC 5959, August 2010.

   [RFC6010] Housley, R., Ashmore, S., and C. Wallace, "Cryptographic
             Message Syntax (CMS) Content Constraints Extension",
             RFC 6010, September 2010.

   [RFC6031] Turner, S. and R. Housley, "Cryptographic Message Syntax
             (CMS) Symmetric Key Package Content Type", RFC 6031,
             December 2010.

   [RFC6032] Turner, S. and R. Housley, "Cryptographic Message Syntax



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             (CMS) Encrypted Key Package Content Type", RFC 6032,
             December 2010.

   [RFC6033] Turner, S., "Algorithms for Cryptographic Message Syntax
             (CMS) Encrypted Key Package Content Type", RFC 6033,
             December 2010.

   [RFC6160] Turner, S., "Algorithms for Cryptographic Message Syntax
             (CMS) Protection of Symmetric Key Package Content Types",
             RFC 6160, April 2011.

   [RFC6161] Turner, S., "Elliptic Curve Algorithms for Cryptographic
             Message Syntax (CMS) Encrypted Key Package Content Type",
             RFC 6161, April 2011.

   [RFC6162] Turner, S., "Elliptic Curve Algorithms for Cryptographic
             Message Syntax (CMS) Asymmetric Key Package Content Type",
             RFC 6162, April 2011.

   [RFC6268] Schaad, J. and S. Turner, "Additional New ASN.1 Modules for
             the Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) and the Public Key
             Infrastructure Using X.509 (PKIX)", RFC 6268, July 2011.

   [RFC6402] Schaad, J., "Certificate Management over CMS (CMC)
             Updates", RFC 6402, November 2011.

   [RFC7030] Pritikin, M., Ed., Yee, P., Ed., and D. Harkins, Ed.,
             "Enrollment over Secure Transport", RFC 7030, October 2013.

   [XML]     W3C, "Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Fifth
             Edition)", W3C Recommendation, November 2008,
             <http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/>.

   [XMLSCHEMA]
             Malhotra, A. and P. Biron, "XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes
             Second Edition", World Wide Web Consortium Recommendation
             REC-xmlschema-2-20041082, October 2004,
             <http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xmlschema-2-20041028>.

   [ID.turner-cmc-serverkeygeneration]
             Schaad, J., Turner, S., and P. Timmel, "CMC Extensions:
             Server Key Generation", work-in-progress, draft-turner-cmc-
             serverkeygeneration.

   [ID.housley-ct-keypackage-receipt-n-error]
             Housley, R., "CMS Key Package Receipt and Error Content
             Types", work-in-progress, draft-housley-ct-keypackage-
             receipt-n-error.



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   [ID-turner-application-cms-media-type]
             Turner, S., Housley, R., and J. Schaad, "The
             application/cms media type", work-in-progress, draft-
             turner-application-cms-media-type.

   [ID-turner-ct-keypackage-receipt-n-error-algs]
             Turner, S., "Algorithms for Cryptographic Message Syntax
             (CMS) Key Package Receipt and Error Content Types", work-
             in-progress, draft-turner-ct-keypackage-receipt-n-error-
             algs.

   [X.690]   ITU-T Recommendation X.690 (2002) | ISO/IEC 8825-1:2002.
              Information Technology - ASN.1 encoding rules:
              Specification of Basic Encoding Rules (BER), Canonical
              Encoding Rules (CER) and Distinguished Encoding Rules
              (DER).

13.2.  Informative References

   [RFC2985] Nystrom, M. and B. Kaliski, "PKCS #9: Selected Object
             Classes and Attribute Types Version 2.0", RFC 2985,
             November 2000.

   [RFC4086] Eastlake 3rd, D., Schiller, J., and S. Crocker, "Randomness
             Requirements for Security", BCP 106, RFC 4086, June 2005.

   [RFC4949] Shirey, R., "Internet Security Glossary, Version 2", FYI
             36, RFC 4949, August 2007.


   [XMLNS]   Hollander, D., Bray, T., and A. Layman, "Namespaces in
             XML", World Wide Web Consortium First Edition REC-xml-
             names-19990114, January 1999,
             <http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xml-names-19990114>.

Appendix A.  Example Use of PAL

   This is an informative appendix.  It includes examples protocol
   flows.

   Steps for using a PAL include:
    1. Access PAL
    2. Process PAL entries
      2.1. Get CA Certificates
      2.2. Get CRLs
      2.3. Get CSR attributes
      2.4. Enroll: simple enrollment, re-enrollment, or full CMC
      2.5. Get Firmware, TAMP, Symmetric Keys, or EE Certificates



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   Client                      Server
         --------------------->                     -+
   GET req:                                          | /pal
         <---------------------                      |
                       GET res: PAL                  |
                       Content-Type: application/xml |
                                                     |
         --------------------->                     -+
   GET req:                                          | /cacerts
         <---------------------                      |
               GET res: CA Certificates              |
               Content-Type: application/pkcs7-smime |
                             smime-type=certs-only   |
                                                     |
         --------------------->                     -+
   GET req:                                          | /crls
         <---------------------                      |
               GET res: CRLs                         |
               Content-Type: application/pkcs7-smime |
                             smime-type=certs-only   |
                                                     |
         --------------------->                     -+
   GET req:                                          | /csrattrs
         <---------------------                      |
                           GET res: attributes       |
         --------------------->                     -+
   POST req: PKIRequest                              | /simpleenroll &
   Content-Type: application/pkcs10                  | /simplereenroll
                                                     |
   Content-Type: application/pkcs7-mime              | /fullcmc
                 smime-type=CMC-request              |
                                                     |
         <--------------------                       |
              (success or failure)                   |
              POST res: PKIResponse                  | /simpleenroll
              Content-Type: application/pkcs7-mime   | /simplereenroll
                            smime-type=certs-only    | /fullcmc
                                                     |
              Content-Type: application/pkcs7-mime   | /fullcmc
                           smime-type=CMC-response   |
                                                     |
         -------------------->                      -+
   GET req:                                          | /firmware
         <--------------------                       | /tamp
               GET res:  Firmware, TAMP Query        | /symmetrickeys
                         + Updates, Symmetric Keys   |
                Content-Type: application/cms        |
                                                     |



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         --------------------->                     -+
   POST res: Firmware Receipts or Errors,            | /firmware/return
   TAMP Response or Confirms or Errors,              | /tamp/return
   Symmetric Key Receipts or Errors,                 | /symmetrickeys/
                                                     |      return
                                                     |
   Content-Type: application/cms                     |
         <--------------------                       |
               POST res: empty                       |
                (success or failure)                 |
         -------------------->                      -+
   GET req:                                          | /eecerts
         <--------------------                       |
               GET res:  Other EE certificates       |
                Content-Type: application/pkcs7-mime |
                              smime-type=certs-only  |

   The figure above shows /eecerts after /*/return, but this is for
   illustrative purposes only.

Appendix B.  Additional CSR Attributes

   This is an informative appendix.

   In some cases, the client is severely limited in its ability to
   encode and encode ASN.1 objects.  If the client knows a csr template
   is being provided during enrollment, then it can peel the returned
   csr attribute, generate its keys, place the public key in the
   certification request, and then sign the request.  To accomplish
   this, the server returns a PKCS7PDU attribute [RFC2985] in as part of
   the /csrattrs (the following is pseudo ASN.1 and is only meant to
   show the fields needed to accomplish returning a template
   certification request):

     pKCS7PDU ATTRIBUTE ::= {
       WITH SYNTAX ContentInfo
       ID pkcs-9-at-pkcs7PDU
       }

     pkcs-9-at-pkcs7PDU OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
       iso(1) member-body(2) us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1) pkcs9(9)
       at(25) 5
       }








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Internet-Draft               EST Extensions               March 27, 2014


   The ContentInfo is a PKIData:

     PKIData ::= SEQUENCE {
       reqSequence        SEQUENCE SIZE(0..MAX) OF TaggedRequest,
       }

   Where TaggedRequest is a choice between the PKCS #10 or CRMF
   requests.

     TaggedRequest ::= CHOICE {
       tcr               [0] TaggedCertificationRequest,
       crm               [1] CertReqMsg,
       }

   Or, the Content Info can be a signed data content type that further
   encapsulates a PKIData.

Appendix C.  Example ASN.1

   TO DO: Include BASE64 encodings of ASN.1 encodings of selected
   packages.  They're a lot smaller than the ASN.1 pretty prints and
   there are tons of available to tools to convert.

Authors' Addresses

   Sean Turner
   IECA, Inc.
   3057 Nutley Street, Suite 106
   Fairfax, VA 22031
   USA

   EMail: turners@ieca.com



















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