SIP                                                        J. Urpalainen
Internet-Draft                                                     Nokia
Intended status: Standards Track                       November 16, 2007
Expires: May 19, 2008


An Extensible Markup Language (XML) Configuration Access Protocol (XCAP)
                           Diff Event Package
                draft-urpalainen-sip-xcap-diff-event-03

Status of this Memo

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   This Internet-Draft will expire on May 19, 2008.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007).

Abstract

   This document describes an "xcap-diff" SIP event package, with the
   aid of which clients can receive notifications of the partial changes
   of Extensible Markup Language (XML) Configuration Access Protocol
   (XCAP) resources.  The initial synchronization and document updates
   are based on using the XCAP-Diff format.





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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   2.  Terminology  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   3.  Definitions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   4.  XCAP-Diff Event Package  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
     4.1.  XCAP-Diff Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
     4.2.  Event Package Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
     4.3.  'diff-processing' Event Package Parameter  . . . . . . . .  5
     4.4.  SUBSCRIBE Bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
     4.5.  Subscription Duration  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
     4.6.  NOTIFY Bodies  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
     4.7.  Notifier Generation of NOTIFY Requests . . . . . . . . . .  6
     4.8.  Subscriber Processing of NOTIFY Requests . . . . . . . . .  8
     4.9.  Handling of Forked Requests  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
     4.10. Rate of Notifications  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
     4.11. State Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
   5.  An Initial Example NOTIFY document . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
   6.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
     6.1.  Registration of the "xcap-diff" Event Package  . . . . . . 11
   7.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
   8.  Acknowledgments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
   9.  References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
     9.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
     9.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
   Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
   Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 14
























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1.  Introduction

   The SIP Events framework [RFC3265] describes subscription and
   notification conventions for the SIP [RFC3261] protocol.  The
   Extensible Markup Language (XML) [W3C.REC-xml-20060816] Configuration
   Access Protocol (XCAP) [RFC4825] allows a client to read, write and
   modify XML formatted application usage data in an XCAP server.

   While XCAP allows several authorized users or devices to modify the
   same XML document, XCAP does not provide an effective synchronization
   mechanism (except polling) to keep resources equivalent between the
   server and the client.  This memo defines an "xcap-diff" event
   package that, together with the SIP event notification framework
   [RFC3265] and the XCAP-diff format [I-D.ietf-simple-xcap-diff],
   allows a user to subscribe to changes in an XML document, and to
   receive notifications whenever a change in an XML document takes
   place.  It is also possible to subscribe to documents within some
   collection, the notifier provides those documents where the user has
   read privilege.

   Before being able to apply any patches into documents, a client needs
   to first retrieve initial reference documents.  With XCAP, this is
   done with the HTTP [RFC2616] protocol.  The first "xcap-diff"
   notification thus contains references to subscribed documents,
   thereafter notifications MAY contain patches to these documents.
   Optionally some clients MAY want to retrieve only specific element or
   attribute content from these XCAP documents.  All this information
   can be transformed with the XCAP-Diff [I-D.ietf-simple-xcap-diff]
   format.


2.  Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119, BCP 14
   [RFC2119] and indicate requirement levels for compliant
   implementations.


3.  Definitions

   The following terms are used in this document:








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   XCAP Component:  An XML element or an attribute, which can be updated
      with the XCAP protocol.

   Aggregating:  While XCAP clients update only single XCAP components
      at a time, several of these modifications can be aggregated
      together with the XML-Patch-Ops semantics.


4.  XCAP-Diff Event Package

4.1.  XCAP-Diff Processing

   When a client starts the "xcap-diff" subscription they may not be
   aware of all the XCAP resources they are subscribing to.  This may
   for instance happen when the user subscribes to his/her collection
   [RFC4918] of a given XCAP Application Usage.  The initial
   notification will then contain references to documents the user is
   authorized to read.  After receiving these documents and resolving
   the initial synchronization stage, the subsequent notifications MAY
   contain patches to these documents.

   While the initial document synchronization is based on separate HTTP
   retrievals of full documents, XML elements or attributes may be
   received "in-band", that is within the <xcap-diff> notification
   format.  For example, the subscribed element has different semantics
   than XML-Patch-Ops [I-D.ietf-simple-xml-patch-ops] elements, because
   the intent is just to get the content of an element without the need
   of a separate HTTP GET request.  If during the initial subscription
   stage the requested node can not be found, there is not any need for
   a result element or an attribute either.  Once they will be created,
   the notify will contain their content.  And similarly, their removals
   will be reported, for example after a successful HTTP DELETE request.

   In another usage scenario, a subscriber to the "xcap-diff" event
   might not need XML-Patch operations at all.  Indeed, the subscriber
   just wants to be informed that an update has happened, but the
   subscriber is not interested in learning the actual changes in the
   document(s).  The XCAP-Diff [I-D.ietf-simple-xcap-diff] format will
   then only indicate document creations, updates and removals.

4.2.  Event Package Name

   The name of this event package is "xcap-diff".  This package name is
   carried in the Event and Allow-Events header, as defined in RFC3265
   [RFC3265].






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4.3.  'diff-processing' Event Package Parameter

   The optional "diff-processing" parameter will tell the notifier how
   to apply the "XML diffing process".  The possible values are "no-
   patching", "xcap-patching", "aggregate".  The "no-patching" value
   means that only document or XCAP component existences MUST be
   indicated.  The "xcap-patching" value means that all individual XCAP
   component updates with entity tag (ETag) changes MUST be indicated.
   The "aggregate" value means that the notifier is free to aggregate
   several individual XCAP component updates into a single XCAP-Diff
   <document> element.  If the subscription does not contain this
   additional "diff-processing" parameter, the notifier MUST send all
   individual changes so that the client receives the full ETag change
   history of a document.  In other words, "xcap-patching" is the
   default mode.

   The formal grammar (RFC4234 [RFC4234]) of the "diff-processing"
   parameter:


   diff-processing = "diff-processing" EQUALS
                     "aggregate" / "no-patching" /
                     "xcap-patching" / token

4.4.  SUBSCRIBE Bodies

   When generating the subscribe request, the subscriber needs to define
   the resources it is interested in getting information.  This can be
   done simply by sending a URI list to the SIP notifier.  This list can
   be described with the XCAP resource list [RFC4826] document format.
   Only a simple subset of that format is needed here, i.e. a flat list
   of XCAP URIs.  The usage of hierarchical lists and <entry>
   references, etc. can thus be discarded.  However, using this format
   allows adding some future semantics to these subscriptions.  Also it
   is anticipated that the XCAP server will be collocated with the SIP
   notifier so relative XCAP URIs MAY be used.  Note that although the
   node-selector of XCAP allows requesting all in-scope namespaces of an
   element, it is disallowed to subscribe to them with this package.













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   Figure 1 shows an example to a subscription of several XCAP
   resources: a "resource-list" document, a specific element in a "rls-
   services" document and a collection in "pidf-manipulation"
   Application Usage.  For all of these resources the client MUST have
   read privilege in order to actually receive them in a NOTIFY request.
   The "Content-Type" header of this SUBSCRIBE request is "application/
   resource-lists+xml".


   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <resource-lists xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:resource-lists">
    <list>
     <entry uri="resource-lists/users/sip:joe@example.com/index"/>
     <entry uri="rls-services/users/sip:joe@example.com/index/
   ~~/*/service%5b@uri='sip:marketing@example.com'%5d"/>
     <entry uri="pidf-manipulation/"/>
    </list>
   </resource-lists>


                    Figure 1: Example subscription body

   Note that when collections are being selected as "pidf-manipulation"
   in the example, the conventions applied follow the WebDAV [RFC4918]
   semantics, that is, the subscriber MUST add the forward slash "/"
   character to the end of the path segment.

4.5.  Subscription Duration

   The default expiration time for subscriptions within this package is
   3600 seconds.  As per RFC 3265 [RFC3265], the subscriber MAY specify
   an alternative expiration timer in the Expires header field.

4.6.  NOTIFY Bodies

   The NOTIFY bodies will follow the conventions of the XCAP-Diff format
   [I-D.ietf-simple-xcap-diff].

4.7.  Notifier Generation of NOTIFY Requests

   During the initial subscription the notifier must first resolve the
   requested XCAP resources.  Once there are superfluous resource
   selections in the requested URI list, the notifier SHOULD not provide
   overlapping similar responses for these resources.  Only the
   resources where the authenticated user has read privilege will be
   included in the XCAP-Diff format.  Note that for example, an XCAP
   component which could not be located with XCAP semantics, does not
   produce an error.  Instead, the request remains in "pending" state,



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   that is, waiting for this resource to be created.  Subscriptions to
   collections have a similar property: once a new document is created
   into the subscribed collection, the creation of a new resource is
   notified with the next NOTIFY request.  After the authorized XCAP
   resources are known, the notifier will generate the first full
   response with the list of found and authorized resources.  At this
   time depending on the "diff-processing" parameter, the notifier
   typically starts also the follow-up of XCAP component updates and
   unless otherwise directed, it reports all individual XCAP component
   updates with ETag changes to the subscriber.  If the notifier process
   receives then a re-subscription with the diff-processing=aggregate
   value it MUST re-send the current full XML-Diff content unless the
   request or body can be suppressed with the SubNot-Etags
   [I-D.ietf-sip-subnot-etags] semantics by using e.g. the header
   Suppress-Notify-If-Match: xxxx.  The notifier SHOULD then start to
   aggregate "diff-processing".

   It MAY happen in some corner cases that the notifier can not or will
   not provide patches with the XML-Patch-Ops
   [I-D.ietf-simple-xml-patch-ops] semantics.  One example of this is
   when the diff format produces a larger content than the original
   document is.  When this happens, and if the server has been in this
   diff "aggregation" mode, it MUST fall back to the "xcap-patching"
   mode for this particular resource.

   It should be noted that the whole diff-processing is truly
   implementation specific and in essence, also OPTIONAL.  If the server
   so desires, it MAY elect not to produce XML-diffing at all although
   it is RECOMMENDED to implement it.  Support for XCAP component
   subscriptions is mandatory in the server, however.  Note that if for
   example, the subscriber has selected too many elements to subscribe,
   so that the notification body becomes impractically large, the
   notifier MAY discard the element content.  The existence of elements
   is indicated with an empty element but the content is not shown for
   those resources.

   Event packages like this require in practice a reliable transfer of
   events.  This means that all events MUST be successfully transfered
   as otherwise patching will most likely fail or at least the document
   content becomes to be different.  RFC 3265 [RFC3265] proposes
   utilization of a "version" attribute information to state deltas in
   chapter 4.4.  Partial-PIDF-Notify [I-D.ietf-simple-partial-notify]
   requires that notifiers will not send a new request to the same
   dialog unless a successful response (200 OK) has been received for
   the last request.  The latter applies also to this "xcap-diff" event
   package.  If the NOTIFY request fails due to a timeout condition, the
   notifier MUST remove the subscription.




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4.8.  Subscriber Processing of NOTIFY Requests

   The first NOTIFY request will typically contain references to HTTP
   resources including their strong ETag values.  If the subscriber does
   not have similar locally cached versions, it will start an
   unconditional HTTP GET request for those resources.  During this HTTP
   retrieval time it MAY also receive patches to these documents
   (notifications) if they are changing frequently.  So it MAY happen
   that the subscriber receives newer versions (with HTTP) than what was
   indicated in the initial notification.  However, once all atomic XCAP
   modifications are indicated with both previous and new ETags of each
   resource, it is easy to chain the modification list for a document
   and possibly omit some of the patches based on the received ETag
   (with HTTP) of a document.  After that the subscriber MAY send a re-
   subscription to start the diff "aggregation" on the server.

   The subscriber can use CSeq values to keep track of possible missing
   requests.  These values can be used to detect missing events also if
   there are no multiple usages in the current "xcap-diff" dialog.  The
   event bodies, i.e. failing patches and especially the consistent ETag
   value changes MAY also be used to detect possible missing events.
   Once the client detects an error it MUST renew the subscription.

   If a diff format can not be applied because of some patching errors,
   look Section 5.1 of [I-D.ietf-simple-xml-patch-ops], the subscriber
   SHOULD fall back to not to enable any patching within the
   subscription.  It is hardly reasonable to signal this error to the
   notifier even if the error exists in the notifier process.

4.9.  Handling of Forked Requests

   This specification only allows a single dialog to be constructed as a
   result of emitting an initial SUBSCRIBE request.  In case a SUBSCRIBE
   request is forked and the subscriber receives forked responses, the
   subscriber MUST apply the procedures indicated in Section 4.4.9 of
   RFC 3265 [RFC3265] for handling non-allowed forked requests.

4.10.  Rate of Notifications

   Notifiers of "xcap-diff" event package SHOULD NOT generate
   notifications for a single user at a rate of more than once every
   five seconds.

4.11.  State Agents

   State agents play no role in this package.





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5.  An Initial Example NOTIFY document

   Figure 2 shows an example initial XCAP-Diff document provided by the
   first NOTIFY request.  The subscriber used the list as in the example
   in Figure 1.  An example event header of this SUBSCRIBE request:

   Event: xcap-diff; diff-processing=aggregate

   The subscriber requests the notifier to actually "aggregate" XCAP
   component updates together.  It is anticipated that the subsequent
   notifications would contain aggregated patches to these documents.

      Note: If these documents are changing frequently during the
      initial synchronization stage, it may happen that the subscriber
      can not synchronize the contents of all documents properly.
      However, the subscriber can always begin with the default "xcap-
      patching" mode where all individual changes with the full ETag
      change history are shown and this issue does not occur.  Also a
      future extension to XCAP specification MAY solve this versioning
      issue in a better way.































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   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <xcap-diff xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcap-diff"
              xcap-root="http://xcap.example.com/root/">

    <document new-etag="7ahggs"
              sel="resource-lists/users/sip:joe@example.com/index"/>

    <document new-etag="30376adf"
              sel="pidf-manipulation/users/sip:joe@example.com/index"/>

    <d:element sel="rls-services/users/sip:joe@example.com/index/
   ~~/*/service%5b@uri='sip:marketing@example.com'%5d"
             xmlns:d="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcap-diff"
             xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:rls-services"
             xmlns:rl="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:resource-lists"
       ><service uri="sip:marketing@example.com">
         <list name="marketing">
           <rl:entry uri="sip:joe@example.com"/>
           <rl:entry uri="sip:sudhir@example.com"/>
         </list>
         <packages>
           <package>presence</package>
         </packages>
       </service></d:element>

   </xcap-diff>


              Figure 2: An example initial XCAP-Diff document

   Note that the resource-list "index" document included only the new
   ETag value, as the document existed during the subscription time
   (resource was not created, it just exists by the subscription time).
   In the "pidf-manipulation" collection there was only a single
   document where the user had read privilege.  The <services> element
   existed within the rls-services "index" document and its content was
   shown.


6.  IANA Considerations

   This memo calls for IANA to:

   o  register a new package name per [RFC3265].







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6.1.  Registration of the "xcap-diff" Event Package

   This specification instructs IANA to register an event package in the
   SIP Event Types Namespace, based on the registration procedures
   defined in RFC 3265 [RFC3265].  The following is the information
   required for such a registration:

   Package Name: xcap-diff

   Package or Template-Package: This is a package.

   Published Document: RFCXXXX

   Person to Contact: Jari Urpalainen, jari.urpalainen@nokia.com


7.  Security Considerations

   This document defines a new SIP event package for the SIP event
   notification framework specified in RFC 3265 [RFC3265].  As such, all
   the Security considerations of RFC 3265 [RFC3265] apply.  The
   configuration data can contain sensitive information, and both the
   client and the server need to authenticate each other.  XCAP provides
   basic authorization policy for resources.  Notifiers and subscribers
   MAY use S/MIME feature to provide authentication and message
   integrity.  This is described in Section 23 of RFC 3261 [RFC3261].


8.  Acknowledgments

   The author would like to thank Jonathan Rosenberg for his valuable
   comments and providing the initial event package, and Miguel Garcia,
   Pavel Dostal, Krisztian Kiss, Anders Lindgren and Sofie Lassborn for
   their valuable comments.


9.  References

9.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2616]  Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H.,
              Masinter, L., Leach, P., and T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext
              Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1", RFC 2616, June 1999.

   [RFC3261]  Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G., Johnston,
              A., Peterson, J., Sparks, R., Handley, M., and E.
              Schooler, "SIP: Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 3261,
              June 2002.



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   [RFC3265]  Roach, A., "Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)-Specific
              Event Notification", RFC 3265, June 2002.

   [RFC4234]  Crocker, D., Ed. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
              Specifications: ABNF", RFC 4234, October 2005.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC4825]  Rosenberg, J., "The Extensible Markup Language (XML)
              Configuration Access Protocol (XCAP)", RFC 4825, May 2007.

   [RFC4826]  Rosenberg, J., "Extensible Markup Language (XML) Formats
              for Representing Resource Lists", RFC 4826, May 2007.

   [W3C.REC-xml-20060816]
              Maler, E., Paoli, J., Bray, T., Yergeau, F., and C.
              Sperberg-McQueen, "Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0
              (Fourth Edition)", World Wide Web Consortium
              Recommendation REC-xml-20060816, August 2006,
              <http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816>.

   [I-D.ietf-simple-xcap-diff]
              Urpalainen, J. and J. Rosenberg, "An Extensible Markup
              Language (XML) Document Format for Indicating A Change  in
              XML Configuration Access Protocol (XCAP) Resources",
              draft-ietf-simple-xcap-diff-06 (work in progress),
              August 2007.

   [I-D.ietf-simple-xml-patch-ops]
              Urpalainen, J., "An Extensible Markup Language (XML) Patch
              Operations Framework Utilizing XML  Path Language (XPath)
              Selectors", draft-ietf-simple-xml-patch-ops-03 (work in
              progress), August 2007.

9.2.  Informative References

   [RFC4918]  Dusseault, L., "HTTP Extensions for Web Distributed
              Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV)", RFC 4918, June 2007.

   [I-D.ietf-simple-partial-notify]
              Lonnfors, M., "Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) extension
              for Partial Notification of  Presence Information",
              draft-ietf-simple-partial-notify-09 (work in progress),
              February 2007.

   [I-D.ietf-sip-subnot-etags]
              Niemi, A., "An Extension to Session Initiation Protocol



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              (SIP) Events for Conditional  Event Notification",
              draft-ietf-sip-subnot-etags-01 (work in progress),
              August 2007.


Author's Address

   Jari Urpalainen
   Nokia
   Itamerenkatu 11-13
   Helsinki  00180
   Finland

   Phone: +358 7180 37686
   Email: jari.urpalainen@nokia.com




































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Full Copyright Statement

   Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007).

   This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions
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Acknowledgment

   Funding for the RFC Editor function is provided by the IETF
   Administrative Support Activity (IASA).





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