Networking Working Group JP. Vasseur
Internet-Draft Cisco Systems, Inc
Intended status: Informational September 15, 2008
Expires: March 19, 2009
Terminology in Low power And Lossy Networks
draft-vasseur-roll-terminology-01.txt
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Abstract
The documents defines a terminology for discussing routing
requirements and solutions for networks referred to as Low power and
Lossy Networks (LLN). A LLN is typically composed of many embedded
devices with limited power, memory, and processing resources
interconnected by a variety of links. There is a wide scope of
application areas for LLNs, including industrial monitoring, building
automation (Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning also referred
to as HVAC, lighting, access control, fire), connected home,
healthcare, environmental monitoring, urban sensor networks, energy
management, assets tracking, refrigeration.
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Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 8
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1. Introduction
This document defines a terminology for discussing routing
requirements and solutions for networks referred to as Low power and
Lossy Networks (LLN).
Low power and Lossy networks (LLNs) are typically composed of many
embedded devices with limited power, memory, and processing resources
interconnected by a variety of links, such as IEEE 802.15.4, Low
Power WiFi. There is a wide scope of application areas for LLNs,
including industrial monitoring, building automation (HVAC, lighting,
access control, fire), connected home, healthcare, environmental
monitoring, urban sensor networks, energy management, assets tracking
and refrigeration.
Since these applications are usually highly specific (Industrial
Automation, Building Automation, ...), it is not uncommon to see a
number of disparate terms to describe the same device or
functionality. Thus it was needed to specify common terms for all
LLNs to avoid confusion and discrepancies. Terminology specific to a
particular application are out of the scope of this document.
It is expected that all routing requirements documents defining
requirements or specifying routing solutions for LLN will use the
common terminology specified in this document.
2. Terminology
Actuator: a field device that controls a set of equipments. An
actuator can control and/or modulates the flow of a gas or liquid,
control electricity distribution, perform a mechanical operation, ...
AMI: Advanced Metering Infrastructure that makes use of Smart Grid
technologies. Encompasses smart-metering applications.
Channel: Radio frequency sub-band used to transmit a modulated signal
carrying packets.
Channel Hopping: A procedure by which field devices synchronously
change channels during operation.
Commissioning Tool: Any physical or logical device temporarily added
to the network for the expressed purpose of setting up the network
and device operational parameters. The commision tool can also be
temporarily added for scheduled or unscheduled maintenance.
Closed Loop Control: A process whereby a device controller controls
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an actuator based on information sensed by one or more field devices.
Controller: A field device that can receive sensor input and
automatically change the environment in the facility by manipulating
digital or analog actuators.
DA: Distribution Automation, part of Smart Grid. Encompasses
technologies for maintenance and management of electrical
distribution systems.
Downstream: Data direction traveling from outside of the LLN (e.g.
traffic coming from a LAN, WAN or the Internet) via a LBR.
Field Device: physical devices placed in the network's operating
environment (plant, urban, home, ...). Field devices include
sensors, actuators as well as routers and Low power and lossy network
Border Router (including LBR). A field device is most of the time
(but not always) a constrained device with limited CPU, memory
footprint, storage capacity, bandwidth and sometimes power
constrained (battery operated). At the time of writing, for the sake
of illustration, a typicaly sensor or actuator would have a few
KBytes of RAM, a few dozens of KBytes of ROM/Flash memory, a 8/16/32
bit microcontroller and communication capabilities ranging from a few
Kbits/s to a few hundreds of KBits/s. Altough it is expected to see
comtinuous improvements of hardware and software technologies, such
devices will likely continue to be seen as constrained devices
compared to computers and routers used in the Internet.
Flash memory: non-volatile memory that can be re-programmed.
FMS: Facility Management System. A global term applied across all
the vertical designations within a building including, Heating,
Ventilating, and Air Conditioning also referred to as HVAC, Fire,
Security, Lighting and Elevator control.
HART: "Highway Addressable Remote Transducer", a group of
specifications for industrial process and control devices
administered by the HART Foundation (see [HART]). The latest version
for the specifications is HART7 which includes the additions for
WirelessHART.
HVAC: Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning. A term applied to
the comfort level of an internal space.
ISA: "International Society of Automation". ISA is an ANSI
accredited standards-making society. ISA100 is an ISA committee
whose charter includes defining a family of standards for industrial
automation. [ISA100.11a] is a working group within ISA100 that is
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working on a standard for monitoring and non-critical process control
applications.
LAN: Local Area Network.
LBR: Low power and lossy network Border Router. The LBR is a device
that connects the low power and lossy network to another routing
domain such as a Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN) or
the Internet where a possibly different routing protocol is in
operation. The LBR acts as a routing device and may possibly host
other functions such as data collector or aggregator.
LLN: Low power and Lossy networks (LLNs) are typically composed of
many embedded devices with limited power, memory, and processing
resources interconnected by a variety of links, such as IEEE
802.15.4, Low Power WiFi. There is a wide scope of application areas
for LLNs, including industrial monitoring, building automation (HVAC,
lighting, access control, fire), connected home, healthcare,
environmental monitoring, urban sensor networks, energy management,
assets tracking and refrigeration..
Open Loop Control: A process whereby a plant operator manually
manipulates an actuator over the network where the decision is
influenced by information sensed by field devices.
RAM: Random Access Memory. The RAM is a volatile memory.
ROM: Read Only Memory.
ROLL: Routing Over Low power and Lossy networks.
Schedule: An agreed execution, wake-up, transmission, reception,
etc., time-table between two or more field devices.
Sensor: device that measures a physical quantity and converts it to a
analog or digital signal that can be read by a program or a user.
Sensed data can be of many types: electromagnetic (current, voltage,
power, resistance) , mechanical (pressure, flow, liquid density,
humidity, ...), chemical (oxygen, carbon monoxide, ...), acoustic
(noise, ultrasound), ...
Smart Grid: a broad class of applications to network and automate
utility infrastructure.
Timeslot: A fixed time interval that may be used for the transmission
or reception of a packet between two field devices. A timeslot used
for communications is associated with a slotted-link
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Upstream: Data direction traveling from the LLN via the LBR to
outside of the LLN (LAN, WAN, Internet).
WAN: Wide Area Network.
3. IANA Considerations
This document includes no request for IANA action.
4. Security Considerations
Since this document specifies terminology and does not specify new
procedure or protocols, there are no security issues associated with
it.
5. Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Christian Jacquenet, Tim Winter and
Pieter De Mil for their valuable feed-back.
6. References
6.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
6.2. Informative References
[I-D.ietf-roll-home-routing-reqs]
Brandt, A., Buron, J., and G. Porcu, "Home Automation
Routing Requirement in Low Power and Lossy Networks",
draft-ietf-roll-home-routing-reqs-03 (work in progress),
September 2008.
[I-D.ietf-roll-indus-routing-reqs]
Networks, D., Thubert, P., Dwars, S., and T. Phinney,
"Industrial Routing Requirements in Low Power and Lossy
Networks", draft-ietf-roll-indus-routing-reqs-01 (work in
progress), July 2008.
[I-D.ietf-roll-urban-routing-reqs]
Dohler, M., Watteyne, T., Winter, T., Jacquenet, C.,
Madhusudan, G., Chegaray, G., and D. Barthel, "Urban WSNs
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Routing Requirements in Low Power and Lossy Networks",
draft-ietf-roll-urban-routing-reqs-01 (work in progress),
July 2008.
[I-D.martocci-roll-building-routing-reqs]
Martocci, J., Riou, N., Mil, P., and W. Vermeylen,
"Commercial Routing Requirements in Low Power and Lossy
Networks", draft-martocci-roll-building-routing-reqs-00
(work in progress), September 2008.
Author's Address
JP Vasseur
Cisco Systems, Inc
1414 Massachusetts Avenue
Boxborough, MA 01719
USA
Email: jpv@cisco.com
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