BMWG                                                         G. Fioccola
Internet-Draft                                              E. Vasilenko
Intended status: Informational                                P. Volpato
Expires: January 7, 2023                             Huawei Technologies
                                                            L. Contreras
                                                              Telefonica
                                                            July 6, 2022


           Benchmarking Methodology for MPLS Segment Routing
                  draft-vfv-bmwg-srmpls-bench-meth-02

Abstract

   This document defines a methodology for benchmarking Segment Routing
   (SR) performance for Segment Routing over MPLS (SR-MPLS).  It builds
   upon [RFC2544], [RFC5695] and [RFC8402].

Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119],
   RFC 8174 [RFC8174].

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on January 7, 2023.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2022 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.





Fioccola, et al.         Expires January 7, 2023                [Page 1]


Internet-Draft               BM for SR-MPLS                    July 2022


   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   2.  SR-MPLS Forwarding  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   3.  Test Methodology  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     3.1.  Test Setup  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     3.2.  Label Distribution Support  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     3.3.  Frame Formats and Sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     3.4.  Protocol Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     3.5.  Trial Duration  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     3.6.  Traffic Verification  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   4.  Reporting Format  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   5.  SR-MPLS Forwarding Benchmarking Tests . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     5.1.  Throughput  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
       5.1.1.  Throughput for SR-MPLS PUSH . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
       5.1.2.  Throughput for SR-MPLS NEXT . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
       5.1.3.  Throughput for SR-MPLS CONTINUE . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     5.2.  Latency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     5.3.  Frame Loss  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     5.4.  System Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     5.5.  Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   6.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   7.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   8.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   9.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
     9.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
     9.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14

1.  Introduction

   Segment Routing (SR), defined in [RFC8402], leverages the source
   routing paradigm.  The headend node steers a packet through an SR
   Policy [I-D.ietf-spring-segment-routing-policy], instantiated as an
   ordered list of segments.  A segment, referred to by its Segment
   Identifier (SID), can have a semantic local to an SR node or global
   within an SR domain.  SR supports per-flow explicit routing while




Fioccola, et al.         Expires January 7, 2023                [Page 2]


Internet-Draft               BM for SR-MPLS                    July 2022


   maintaining per-flow state only at the ingress nodes to the SR
   domain.

   However, there is no standard method defined to compare and contrast
   the foundational SR packet forwarding capabilities of network
   devices.  This document aims to extend the efforts of [RFC1242] and
   [RFC2544] to SR network.

   The SR architecture can be instantiated on two data-plane: SR over
   MPLS (SR-MPLS) and SR over IPv6 (SRv6).  This document is limited to
   SR-MPLS.

   It is expected that future documents may cover the benchmarking of
   SR-MPLS applications such as Layer 3 VPN (L3VPN) [RFC4364], EVPN
   [RFC7432], Fast ReRoute [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-segment-routing-ti-lfa], etc.

   SR can be directly applied to the Multiprotocol Label Switching
   (MPLS) architecture with no change to the forwarding plane [RFC8660].
   A segment is encoded as an MPLS label.  An SR Policy is instantiated
   as a stack of labels.

   SR-MPLS involves 3 types of forwarding plane operations:

   o  PUSH consists of the insertion of one or more segments on top of
      the incoming packet It is the outer label of the SR-MPLS label
      stack.

   o  NEXT consists of the inspection of the next segment.  The active
      segment is completed and the next segment is activated.  It is a
      POP of the top label in SR-MPLS.

   o  CONTINUE happens when the active segment is not completed; hence,
      it remains active.  It is a SWAP of the top label in SR-MPLS.

   SR list for PUSH operation is typically constructed by SR Policy in
   ingress node, see [I-D.ietf-spring-segment-routing-policy].

   [RFC5695] describes a methodology specific to the benchmarking of
   MPLS forwarding devices, by considering the most common MPLS packet
   forwarding scenarios and corresponding performance measurements.

   The purpose of this document is to describe a methodology specific to
   the benchmarking of Segment Routing.  The methodology described is a
   complement for [RFC5695].







Fioccola, et al.         Expires January 7, 2023                [Page 3]


Internet-Draft               BM for SR-MPLS                    July 2022


2.  SR-MPLS Forwarding

   In MPLS, a Prefix-SID is allocated in the form of an MPLS label.  For
   SR-MPLS, Segment Routing does not require any change to the MPLS
   forwarding plane.  An SR Policy is instantiated through the MPLS
   Label Stack: the Segment IDs (SIDs) of a Segment List are inserted as
   MPLS Labels.  The classical forwarding functions available for MPLS
   networks allow implementing the SR operations.

   The operations applied by the SR-MPLS forwarding plane are PUSH,
   NEXT, and CONTINUE.

   The PUSH operation corresponds to the Label Push function, according
   to the MPLS label pushing rules specified in [RFC3032].  It consists
   of pushing one or more MPLS labels on top of an incoming packet then
   sending it out of a particular physical interface or virtual
   interface towards a particular next hop.

   The NEXT operation corresponds to the Label Pop function, which
   consists of removing the topmost label.  The action before and/or
   after the popping depends on the instruction associated with the
   active SID on the received packet prior to the popping.  It is
   equivalent to Penultimate Hop Popping (PHP).

   The CONTINUE operation corresponds to the Label Swap function,
   according to the MPLS label-swapping rules in [RFC3031].  It consists
   of associating an incoming label with an outgoing interface and
   outgoing label and forwarding the packet to the outgoing interface.
   It is equivalent to Ultimate Hop Popping (UHP).

   The encapsulation of an IP packet into an SR-MPLS packet is performed
   at the edge of an SR-MPLS domain, reusing the MPLS Forwarding
   Equivalent Class (FEC) concept.  A Forwarding Equivalent Class (FEC)
   can be associated with an SR Policy
   ([I-D.ietf-spring-segment-routing-policy]).  When pushing labels onto
   a packet's label stack, the Time-to-Live (TTL) field and the Traffic
   Class (TC) field of each label stack entry must also be set.

   All SR nodes in the SR domain use an IGP signaling extension to
   advertise their own prefix SIDs.  After receiving the advertised
   prefix SIDs, each SR node calculates the prefix SIDs to the
   advertisers.  The prefix SID advertisement can be an absolute value
   advertisement or an index value advertisement.  In this regard, the
   mapping of Segments to MPLS Labels (SIDs) is an important process in
   the SR-MPLS data plane.  Each router can advertise its own available
   label space to be used for Global Segments called Segment Routing
   Global Block (SRGB) and an identical range of labels (SRGB) should be
   used in all routers in order to simplify services and operations.  In



Fioccola, et al.         Expires January 7, 2023                [Page 4]


Internet-Draft               BM for SR-MPLS                    July 2022


   the SR domain Global Segments can be identified by an index, which
   has to be re-mapped into a label, or by an absolute value.  This is
   relevant for the nodes that perform the NEXT operation to the
   segments, because the label for the next segments needs to be crafted
   accordingly.

   [I-D.ietf-spring-segment-routing-policy] specifies the concepts of SR
   Policy and steering into an SR Policy.  The header of a packet
   steered in an SR Policy is augmented with the ordered list of
   segments associated with that SR Policy.  SR Policy state is
   instantiated only on the headend node, that steers a flow into an SR
   Policy.  Indeed intermediate and endpoint nodes do not require any
   state to be maintained.  SR Policies can be instantiated on the
   headend dynamically and on demand basis.  SR policy may be installed
   by PCEP [RFC8664], BGP [I-D.ietf-idr-segment-routing-te-policy], or
   via manual configuration on the router.  PCEP signaling can be the
   case of a controller based deployment.  For all these reasons, SR
   Policies scale better than traditional TE mechanisms.

3.  Test Methodology

3.1.  Test Setup

   The test setup in general is compliant with section 6 of [RFC2544]
   but augmented by the methodology specified in section 4 of [RFC5695]
   using many ports.  In fact, it is needed to test the packet
   forwarding engine that may have different performance based on the
   number of ports served.  The Device Under Test (DUT) may have
   oversubscribed ports, then traffic for such ports should be
   proportionally decreased according to the specific DUT
   oversubscription ratio.  All ports served by a particular packet
   forwarding engine should be loaded in reverse proportion to the
   claimed oversubscription ratio.  Tests SHOULD be done with
   bidirectional traffic that better reflects the real environment for
   SR-MPLS nodes.  It is OPTIONAL to choose non-equal proportion for
   upstream and downstream traffic for some specific aggregation nodes.

   The recommended topology for SR-MPLS Forwarding Benchmarking should
   be the same as MPLS and it is described in section 4 of [RFC5695].
   Port numbers involved in the tests and their oversubscription ratio
   MUST be reported.  In general, MPLS labels at the bottom of the stack
   may be used to encode services (L2/L3 VPNs) but it is out of the
   scope of this document.  This document is benchmarking only "source
   routing".  Hence, SIDs represent only prefix and adjacency segments.

   Segment Routing may also be implemented as a software network
   function in an NFV Infrastructure and, in this case, additional
   considerations should be done.  [RFC9004] updates the procedures of



Fioccola, et al.         Expires January 7, 2023                [Page 5]


Internet-Draft               BM for SR-MPLS                    July 2022


   the test to measure the Back-to-Back Frames since their
   characterization is relevant in software-packet processing.  Also,
   [ETSI-GR-NFV-TST-007] describes test guidelines for NFV capabilities
   that require interactions between the components implementing NFV
   functionality.

3.2.  Label Distribution Support

   As specified in [RFC8402], in the context of an IGP-based distributed
   control plane, two topological segments are defined: the IGP-
   Adjacency segment and the IGP-Prefix segment; while, in the context
   of a BGP-based distributed control plane, two topological segments
   are defined: the BGP peer segment and the BGP Prefix segment.

   It is RECOMMENDED that the DUT and test tool support at least one
   option for SID stack construction:

   o  IS-IS Extensions for Segment Routing [RFC8667]

   o  OSPF Extensions for Segment Routing [RFC8665]

   o  Segment Routing Prefix Segment Identifier Extensions for BGP
      [RFC8669]

   o  Segment Routing Policy Architecture
      [I-D.ietf-spring-segment-routing-policy].

   It is RECOMMENDED that at least one routing protocol (OSPF or ISIS or
   BGP) should be used for the construction of the simplest stack of 1
   SID.  It is RECOMMENDED that SR policy should be used for the
   construction of a stack with 2 SIDs.  It is possible to test longer
   SID lists if there is an interest.

   It is RECOMMENDED that the top SID on the list (outer label) should
   be an adjacency type to emulate the traffic engineering scenario.  In
   all cases, SID stack configuration SHOULD happen before packet
   forwarding would be started.  Control plane convergence speed is not
   the subject of the present tests.

   The label distribution method and SR policy construction method used
   MUST be reported according to Section 4.

3.3.  Frame Formats and Sizes

   The tests for SR-MPLS will use the Frame characteristics similarly to
   section 4.1.5 of [RFC5695], except the need for a bigger MTU to
   accommodate many MPLS labels.




Fioccola, et al.         Expires January 7, 2023                [Page 6]


Internet-Draft               BM for SR-MPLS                    July 2022


   It is to be noted that [RFC5695] requires exactly a single entry in
   the MPLS label stack in an MPLS packet that is not enough to simulate
   typical SR SID list.  MPLS label values used in any test case MUST be
   outside the reserved label value (0-15) unless stated otherwise.  The
   number of entries in the label stack MUST be reported.

   According to section 4.1.4.2 of [RFC5695], the payload is RECOMMENDED
   to have an IP packet (IPv6 or IPv4 with UDP or TCP) to better
   represent the real environment.

   It is assumed that the test would be for Ethernet media only.  Other
   media is possible (see section 4.1.5.2 of [RFC5695] for the POS
   example).  Recommended frame sizes are presented below.  Any other
   frame sized may be added if suspected of abnormal behavior.  For
   example, some architectures may allocate buffer memory in big fixed
   chunks that may drop performance if frame sizes are chosen just a few
   octet more than the fixed chunk size (the second chunk would have a
   very low memory utilization).

   Recommended frame sizes are the following:

   o  Ethernet Minimal: 64+n*4

   o  DUT Minimal Wire Speed: 128-256 (it depends on the range
      recommended in the DUT specification)

   o  Ethernet Typical: 1518+n*4

   o  DUT Maximum Wire Speed: 9000

   Note that n*4 octets are added in the previous calculations to
   accommodate MPLS labels needed for respective tests.  The typical
   frame size values are listed above for the DUT minimal and maximum
   wire speed, but they can be modified according to the DUT
   characteristics.  Indeed, the minimum wire speed frame size can be
   considered based on the DUT specification but, in some cases, many
   tests may be needed in the search for the real minimum wire speed
   frame size.  VLAN tag may additionally increase the frame size.  VLAN
   tag tests are OPTIONAL.

3.4.  Protocol Addresses

   IANA reserved an IPv6 address block 2001:0200::/48 ([RFC4773]) for
   use with IPv6 benchmark testing and block 198.18.0.0/15 ([RFC3330])
   for IPv4 benchmark testing.  The type of infrastructure protocol
   (IPv6 vs IPv4) that should be used for IGP and BGP in the tests
   should be chosen according to the test purpose and requirements.




Fioccola, et al.         Expires January 7, 2023                [Page 7]


Internet-Draft               BM for SR-MPLS                    July 2022


3.5.  Trial Duration

   The test portion of each trial SHOULD be at least 10 seconds longer
   than the hold time for the respective protocol configuration to
   verify that the DUT can maintain a stable control plane when the
   data-forwarding plane is under stress.  IGP protocols typically have
   a shorter hold time, some BGP default configuration may be up to 180
   seconds.  It is needed to check the default hold time of the DUT for
   the respective protocol used.

3.6.  Traffic Verification

   Traffic verification is following section 4.1.8 of [RFC5695].

4.  Reporting Format

   There are a few parameters that need to be changed in section 5 of
   [RFC5695] for SR MPLS tests.  New parameters that MUST be reported
   are:

   o  Port numbers involved in the tests and their respective
      oversubscription ratio.

   o  Upstream/downstream traffic proportion (equal bidirectional or
      some other split).

   o  SR-MPLS Forwarding Operations (PUSH/ NEXT/ CONTINUE).

   o  Number of Segments considered in the MPLS Label Stack and the type
      of SIDs used (Global/Local).

   o  SR Policy construction method (PCEP, BGP, manual configuration).

   o  Type of the payload (IPv6/IPv4, UDP/TCP).

   Some parameters MAY be changed:

   o  Label Distribution protocol and IGP are the same in the context of
      SR MPLS.  Hence, it is called "label distribution".

   o  Port media type may be reported only one time for all tests if
      only Ethernet media would be tested

5.  SR-MPLS Forwarding Benchmarking Tests

   In general, tests are compliant with [RFC2544] but the important
   correction discussed in section 6 of [RFC5695] is applied: ports
   chosen for every test MUST stress all ports served by one forwarding



Fioccola, et al.         Expires January 7, 2023                [Page 8]


Internet-Draft               BM for SR-MPLS                    July 2022


   engine.  It is better to check the DUT specification for the
   relationship between ports and the forwarding engine to minimize the
   number of ports involved.  But it is possible to understand the worst
   case by looking at the throughput and latency from the trial tests.
   If any doubt exists about how full is the offered load for the
   forwarding engine then it is better to stress all ports of the line
   card or all ports for the whole router with a centralized forwarding
   engine.  Partial load on forwarding engine would show optimistic
   results.  Controllable traffic distribution between many ports (as
   specified in section 4 of [RFC5695]) would need separate SID
   announcements for separate ports.  The search for No-Drop Rate (NDR)
   should be done for every test as explained in section 6 of [RFC5695].

5.1.  Throughput

   This section contains the description of the tests that are related
   to the characterization of a DUT's SR-MPLS traffic forwarding
   throughput.

   The list of segments for SR-MPLS is represented as a stack of MPLS
   labels.  There are three distinct operations to be tested: PUSH, NEXT
   and CONTINUE.  These correspond to the three forwarding operations of
   an MPLS packet: PUSH (or LSP Ingress), POP (or LSP Egress), or SWAP.
   It is separately discussed only for throughput tests as an example.

5.1.1.  Throughput for SR-MPLS PUSH

   Objective: To obtain the DUT's Throughput during the PUSH forwarding
   operation.  It is similar to label Push or LSP Ingress forwarding
   operation, as per section 6.1.1 of [RFC5695].

   Procedure: Similar to [RFC5695] with potential extension to test SID
   list longer than 1 SID (2 are recommended, many are possible).

   Reporting Format: Similar to [RFC5695] with the additional parameters
   specified in Section 4.

5.1.2.  Throughput for SR-MPLS NEXT

   Objective: To obtain the DUT's Throughput during the NEXT forwarding
   operation.  It is equivalent to MPLS Label Pop or Penultimate Hop
   Popping (PHP), as per section 6.1.3 of [RFC5695].

   Procedure: Similar to [RFC5695] with potential extension to test SID
   list longer than 1 SID (2 are recommended, many are possible).

   Reporting Format: Similar to [RFC5695] with the additional parameters
   specified in Section 4.



Fioccola, et al.         Expires January 7, 2023                [Page 9]


Internet-Draft               BM for SR-MPLS                    July 2022


5.1.3.  Throughput for SR-MPLS CONTINUE

   Objective: To obtain the DUT's Throughput during the CONTINUE
   forwarding operation.  It is equivalent to MPLS Label Swap or
   Ultimate Hop Popping (UHP), as per section 6.1.2 of [RFC5695].  Non-
   reserved MPLS label values MUST be used.

   Procedure: Similar to [RFC5695] with potential extension to test SID
   list longer than 1 SID (2 are recommended, many are possible).

   Reporting Format: Similar to [RFC5695] with the additional parameters
   specified in Section 4.

5.2.  Latency

   Objective: To determine the latency as defined in section 6.2 of
   [RFC5695] for each of the SR-MPLS forwarding operations (PUSH, NEXT,
   CONTINUE).

   Procedure: Similar to [RFC5695] with potential extension to test SID
   list longer than 1 SID (2 are recommended, many are possible).

   Reporting Format: Similar to [RFC5695] with the additional parameters
   specified in Section 4.

5.3.  Frame Loss

   Objective: To determine the frame-loss rate (as defined in section
   6.3 of [RFC5695]) for each of the SR-MPLS forwarding operations of a
   DUT throughout the entire range of input data rates and frame sizes.

   Procedure: Similar to [RFC5695] with potential extension to test SID
   list longer than 1 SID (2 are recommended, many are possible).

   Reporting Format: Similar to [RFC5695] with the additional parameters
   specified in Section 4.

5.4.  System Recovery

   Objective: To characterize the speed at which a DUT recovers from an
   overload condition for each of the SR-MPLS forwarding operations.

   Procedure: Similar to section 6.4 of [RFC5695].

   Reporting Format: Similar to [RFC5695] with the additional parameters
   specified in Section 4.





Fioccola, et al.         Expires January 7, 2023               [Page 10]


Internet-Draft               BM for SR-MPLS                    July 2022


5.5.  Reset

   Objective: To characterize the speed at which a DUT recovers from a
   device or software reset for each of the SR-MPLS forwarding
   operations.

   Procedure: Similar to section 6.5 of [RFC5695].

   Reporting Format: Similar to [RFC5695] with the additional parameters
   specified in Section 4.

   It is OPTIONAL to extend the Reset tests according to [RFC6201] in
   order to reset only part of the DUT: only line card reset, only
   process reset (for example ISIS), only one routing engine reset in
   the configuration with routing engine redundancy, full power
   interruption, partial power interruption, etc.

6.  Security Considerations

   Benchmarking methodologies are limited to technology characterization
   in a laboratory environment, with dedicated address space and
   constraints.  Special capabilities SHOULD NOT exist in the DUT/SUT
   specifically for benchmarking purposes.  Any implications for network
   security arising from the DUT/SUT SHOULD be identical in the lab and
   production networks.  The benchmarking network topology is an
   independent test setup and MUST NOT be connected to devices that may
   forward the test traffic into a production network or misroute
   traffic to the test management network.

   There are no specific security considerations within the scope of
   this document.

7.  IANA Considerations

   This document has no IANA actions.

8.  Acknowledgements

   The authors would like to thank Al Morton for the precious comments
   and suggestions.

9.  References

9.1.  Normative References

   [RFC1242]  Bradner, S., "Benchmarking Terminology for Network
              Interconnection Devices", RFC 1242, DOI 10.17487/RFC1242,
              July 1991, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc1242>.



Fioccola, et al.         Expires January 7, 2023               [Page 11]


Internet-Draft               BM for SR-MPLS                    July 2022


   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC2544]  Bradner, S. and J. McQuaid, "Benchmarking Methodology for
              Network Interconnect Devices", RFC 2544,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2544, March 1999,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2544>.

   [RFC3330]  IANA, "Special-Use IPv4 Addresses", RFC 3330,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC3330, September 2002,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3330>.

   [RFC4773]  Huston, G., "Administration of the IANA Special Purpose
              IPv6 Address Block", RFC 4773, DOI 10.17487/RFC4773,
              December 2006, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4773>.

   [RFC5695]  Akhter, A., Asati, R., and C. Pignataro, "MPLS Forwarding
              Benchmarking Methodology for IP Flows", RFC 5695,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC5695, November 2009,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5695>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

   [RFC8402]  Filsfils, C., Ed., Previdi, S., Ed., Ginsberg, L.,
              Decraene, B., Litkowski, S., and R. Shakir, "Segment
              Routing Architecture", RFC 8402, DOI 10.17487/RFC8402,
              July 2018, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8402>.

   [RFC8660]  Bashandy, A., Ed., Filsfils, C., Ed., Previdi, S.,
              Decraene, B., Litkowski, S., and R. Shakir, "Segment
              Routing with the MPLS Data Plane", RFC 8660,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8660, December 2019,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8660>.

9.2.  Informative References

   [ETSI-GR-NFV-TST-007]
              ETSI, "ETSI GR NFV-TST 007: Network Functions
              Virtualisation (NFV) Release 3; Testing; Guidelines on
              Interoperability Testing for MANO", 2020,
              <https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_gr/NFV-
              TST/001_099/007/02.06.01_60/gr_nfv-tst007v020601p.pdf>.





Fioccola, et al.         Expires January 7, 2023               [Page 12]


Internet-Draft               BM for SR-MPLS                    July 2022


   [I-D.ietf-idr-segment-routing-te-policy]
              Previdi, S., Filsfils, C., Talaulikar, K., Mattes, P.,
              Jain, D., and S. Lin, "Advertising Segment Routing
              Policies in BGP", draft-ietf-idr-segment-routing-te-
              policy-18 (work in progress), June 2022.

   [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-segment-routing-ti-lfa]
              Litkowski, S., Bashandy, A., Filsfils, C., Francois, P.,
              Decraene, B., and D. Voyer, "Topology Independent Fast
              Reroute using Segment Routing", draft-ietf-rtgwg-segment-
              routing-ti-lfa-08 (work in progress), January 2022.

   [I-D.ietf-spring-segment-routing-policy]
              Filsfils, C., Talaulikar, K., Voyer, D., Bogdanov, A., and
              P. Mattes, "Segment Routing Policy Architecture", draft-
              ietf-spring-segment-routing-policy-22 (work in progress),
              March 2022.

   [RFC3031]  Rosen, E., Viswanathan, A., and R. Callon, "Multiprotocol
              Label Switching Architecture", RFC 3031,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC3031, January 2001,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3031>.

   [RFC3032]  Rosen, E., Tappan, D., Fedorkow, G., Rekhter, Y.,
              Farinacci, D., Li, T., and A. Conta, "MPLS Label Stack
              Encoding", RFC 3032, DOI 10.17487/RFC3032, January 2001,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3032>.

   [RFC4364]  Rosen, E. and Y. Rekhter, "BGP/MPLS IP Virtual Private
              Networks (VPNs)", RFC 4364, DOI 10.17487/RFC4364, February
              2006, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4364>.

   [RFC6201]  Asati, R., Pignataro, C., Calabria, F., and C. Olvera,
              "Device Reset Characterization", RFC 6201,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC6201, March 2011,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6201>.

   [RFC7432]  Sajassi, A., Ed., Aggarwal, R., Bitar, N., Isaac, A.,
              Uttaro, J., Drake, J., and W. Henderickx, "BGP MPLS-Based
              Ethernet VPN", RFC 7432, DOI 10.17487/RFC7432, February
              2015, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7432>.

   [RFC8664]  Sivabalan, S., Filsfils, C., Tantsura, J., Henderickx, W.,
              and J. Hardwick, "Path Computation Element Communication
              Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for Segment Routing", RFC 8664,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8664, December 2019,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8664>.




Fioccola, et al.         Expires January 7, 2023               [Page 13]


Internet-Draft               BM for SR-MPLS                    July 2022


   [RFC8665]  Psenak, P., Ed., Previdi, S., Ed., Filsfils, C., Gredler,
              H., Shakir, R., Henderickx, W., and J. Tantsura, "OSPF
              Extensions for Segment Routing", RFC 8665,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8665, December 2019,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8665>.

   [RFC8667]  Previdi, S., Ed., Ginsberg, L., Ed., Filsfils, C.,
              Bashandy, A., Gredler, H., and B. Decraene, "IS-IS
              Extensions for Segment Routing", RFC 8667,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8667, December 2019,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8667>.

   [RFC8669]  Previdi, S., Filsfils, C., Lindem, A., Ed., Sreekantiah,
              A., and H. Gredler, "Segment Routing Prefix Segment
              Identifier Extensions for BGP", RFC 8669,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8669, December 2019,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8669>.

   [RFC9004]  Morton, A., "Updates for the Back-to-Back Frame Benchmark
              in RFC 2544", RFC 9004, DOI 10.17487/RFC9004, May 2021,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9004>.

Authors' Addresses

   Giuseppe Fioccola
   Huawei Technologies
   Riesstrasse, 25
   Munich  80992
   Germany

   Email: giuseppe.fioccola@huawei.com


   Eduard Vasilenko
   Huawei Technologies
   17/4 Krylatskaya str.
   Moscow  121614
   Russia

   Email: vasilenko.eduard@huawei.com











Fioccola, et al.         Expires January 7, 2023               [Page 14]


Internet-Draft               BM for SR-MPLS                    July 2022


   Paolo Volpato
   Huawei Technologies
   Via Lorenteggio, 240
   Milan  20147
   Italy

   Email: paolo.volpato@huawei.com


   Luis Miguel Contreras Murillo
   Telefonica
   Spain

   Email: luismiguel.contrerasmurillo@telefonica.com





































Fioccola, et al.         Expires January 7, 2023               [Page 15]