Monami6 Working Group                                        R. Wakikawa
Internet-Draft                                           Keio University
Expires: August 5, 2006                                         T. Ernst
                                                  Keio University / WIDE
                                                               K. Nagami
                                                           INTEC NetCore
                                                           February 2006


                Multiple Care-of Addresses Registration
                 draft-wakikawa-mobileip-multiplecoa-05

Status of this Memo

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   This Internet-Draft will expire on August 5, 2006.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).

Abstract

   According to the current Mobile IPv6 specification, a mobile node may
   have several Care-of Addresses, but only one, termed the primary
   Care-of Address, can be registered with its home agent and the
   correspondent nodes.  However, for matters of cost, bandwidth, delay,
   etc, it is useful for the mobile node to get Internet access through



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   multiple access media simultaneously, in which case multiple active
   IPv6 Care-of Addresses would be assigned to the mobile node.  We thus
   propose Mobile IPv6 extensions designed to register multiple Care-of
   Addresses bound to a single Home Address instead of the sole primary
   Care-of Address.  For doing so, a new identification number must be
   carried in each binding for the receiver to distinguish between the
   bindings corresponding to the same Home Address.  Those extensions
   are targeted to NEMO (Network Mobility) Basic Support as well as to
   Mobile IPv6.










































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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5

   2.  Terminology  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7

   3.  Protocol Overview  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
     3.1.  Multiple Care-of Addresses Registration  . . . . . . . . .  8
     3.2.  Multiple Bindings Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
     3.3.  Returning Home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9

   4.  Mobile IPv6 Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
     4.1.  Binding Cache Structure and Management . . . . . . . . . . 11
     4.2.  Binding Update Structure and Management  . . . . . . . . . 11
     4.3.  Message Format Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
       4.3.1.  Binding Unique Identifier sub-option . . . . . . . . . 11
       4.3.2.  Binding Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
       4.3.3.  Binding Acknowledgment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

   5.  Mobile Node Operation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
     5.1.  Management of Care-of Addresses and Binding Unique
           Identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
     5.2.  Sending Binding Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
     5.3.  Sending De-Registration Binding Update . . . . . . . . . . 15
     5.4.  Returning Home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
     5.5.  Using Alternate Care-of Address  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
     5.6.  Receiving Binding Acknowledgment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
     5.7.  Receiving Binding Refresh Request  . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
     5.8.  Receiving Binding Error  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

   6.  Home Agent and Correspondent Node Operation  . . . . . . . . . 19
     6.1.  Searching Binding Cache with Binding Unique Identifier . . 19
     6.2.  Receiving Binding Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
     6.3.  Sending Binding Acknowledgment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
     6.4.  Sending Binding Refresh Request  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
     6.5.  Sending Binding Error  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

   7.  Network Mobility Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

   8.  IPsec and IKE interaction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

   9.  Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

   10. Acknowledgments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

   11. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
     11.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
     11.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26



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   Appendix A.  Example Configurations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

   Appendix B.  Dynamic Home Agent Address Discovery  . . . . . . . . 31
     B.1.  DHAAD Request  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
     B.2.  DHAAD Reply  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
     B.3.  Home Agent Information Option  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

   Appendix C.  Change Log From Previous Versions . . . . . . . . . . 34

   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
   Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 36








































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1.  Introduction

   Permanent Internet connectivity is required by some applications
   while a mobile node moves across several access networks (i.e.  ISPs,
   hotspots, etc).  Unfortunately, there is no network interfaces
   assuring global scale connectivity.  Therefore, a mobile node should
   use various type of network interfaces to obtain durable and wide
   area network connectivity [8].  For example, it is desirable to
   maintain the Internet connectivity while an automobile running on a
   freeway receives voice or video streaming data from different access
   networks.  Such scenarios and motivations for multiple points of
   attachment, and benefits for doing it are discussed at large in [9].

   Once multiple interfaces are available to a mobile node, a backup
   interface can be used to recover from the loss of Internet
   connectivity on the other interface, therefrom maintaining Internet
   connectivity of wide spread and reach.  In addition, each
   communication flow could be sent to a distinct network interface,
   providing efficient network bandwidth consumption.  It becomes
   possible for users to select the most appropriate network interface
   depending on a visiting network environment, since wireless networks
   are mutable and less reliable than wired networks and since each
   network interface has different cost, performance, bandwidth, access
   range, and reliability.  Users should also be able to select the most
   appropriate interface per communication type.  For example, TCP
   traffic should be transmitted over the wireless interface, whereas
   UDP traffic should be transmitted over the wired interface to avoid
   disturbing TCP connections.

   IPv6 [1] conceptually allows a node to have several addresses on a
   given interface.  Consequently, Mobile IPv6 [2] has mechanisms to
   manage multiple ``Home Addresses'' based on home agent's managed
   prefixes such as mobile prefix solicitation and mobile prefix
   advertisement.  But assigning a single Home Address to a given
   network interface is more advantageous than assigning multiple Home
   Addresses because applications do not need to be aware of the
   multiplicity of Home Addresses.  Of course, applications should be
   aware of the active Home Address to be used for communicating.  At
   the TCP layer, TCP holds the Home Address as a source address of the
   communication for connection management.  Applications must be
   restarted to reset the connection information when the mobile node
   changes its active network interface (i.e. change the Home Address).

   However, according to section 11.5.3 of the Mobile IPv6
   specification, a mobile node is not allowed to register multiple
   Care-of Addresses bound to a single Home Address.  If a mobile node
   sends Binding Updates for each Care-of Address, correspondent nodes
   would always overwrite the Care-of Address recorded in the binding



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   cache with the one contained in the latest received binding update.
   It is thus impossible for a mobile node to register multiple Care-of
   Addresses in the correspondent node's binding cache.  Moreover, since
   NEMO Basic Support [3] is based on Mobile IPv6, the same issues
   applies to a mobile node acting as mobile router.

   Multihoming issues pertaining to mobile nodes operating Mobile IPv6
   and mobile routers operating NEMO Basic Support are respectively
   discussed [4] and [10].

   In this document, we thus propose a new identification number called
   Binding Unique Identification number (BID) for each binding cache
   entry to accommodate multiple bindings registration.  We also propose
   extension of binding cache management to store the BID and a new sub-
   option for binding update to carry the BID.  The BID is assigned to
   either the interfaces or Care-of Addresses bound to a single home
   address of a mobile node.  The mobile node notifies the BID to both
   its home agent and correspondent nodes by means of a Binding Update.
   Correspondent nodes and the home agent record the BID into their
   binding cache.  The Home Address thus identifies a mobile node itself
   whereas the BID identifies each binding registered by a mobile node.
   By using the BID, multiple bindings can then be distinguished.

   A user of a mobile node may be able to bind some policies to a BID.
   The policy is used to divide flows to multiple network interfaces by
   flow type, port number, or destination address, etc.  How to
   distribute or configure policies is not within the scope of this
   document.























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2.  Terminology

   Terms used in this draft are defined in [2], [5] and [6].  In
   addition or in replacement of these, the following terms are defined
   or redefined:

   Binding Unique Identification number (BID)

      The BID is an identification number used to distinguish multiple
      bindings registered by the mobile node.  Assignment of distinct
      BID allows a mobile node to register multiple binding cache
      entries for a given Home Address.  The BID is generated to
      register multiple bindings in the binding cache for a given
      address in a way it cannot be duplicated with another BID.  The
      zero value and a negative value MUST NOT be used.  After being
      generated by the mobile node, the BID is stored in the Binding
      Update List and is sent by the mobile node by means of a sub-
      option of a Binding Update.  A mobile node MAY change the value of
      a BID at any time according to its administrative policy, for
      instance to protect its privacy.

      The BID can be assigned to either a Care-of Address or an
      interface depending on implementation choices so as to keep using
      the same BID for the same binding even when the status of the
      binding is changed.  More details can be found in Section 5.1.

   Binding Unique Identifier sub-option

      The Binding Unique Identifier sub-option is used to carry the BID.






















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3.  Protocol Overview

   We propose a new identification number (BID) to distinguish multiple
   bindings pertaining to the same Home Address.  The procedures for the
   mobile node to register multiple bindings are described in the
   paragraphs below.

3.1.  Multiple Care-of Addresses Registration

   Once a mobile node gets several IPv6 global addresses on distinct
   interfaces, it MUST register these addresses with its home agent
   (home registration).  If the mobile node wants to register multiple
   bindings to its home agent, it MUST generate a BID for each Care-of
   Address and record it into the binding update list entry.  The mobile
   node then registers its Care-of Addresses by sending a Binding Update
   with a Binding Unique Identifier sub-option.  The BID MUST be put in
   the Binding Unique Identifier sub-option.  After receiving the
   Binding Update, the home agent verifies the request and records the
   binding in its binding cache.  If the newly defined sub-option is
   present in the Binding Update, the home agent MUST copy the BID from
   the Binding Update to the corresponding field in the binding entry.
   Even if there is already an entry for the mobile node, the home agent
   MUST register a new binding entry for the BID stored in the Binding
   Unique Identifier sub-option.  The mobile node registers multiple
   Care-of Addresses either independently (in individual BUs) or all at
   once (in a single BU).

   If the mobile node wishes to register its binding with a
   correspondent node, it MUST start return routability operations
   before sending a Binding Update.  The mobile node MUST sends CoTI for
   each Care-of Addresses and MUST receive CoT for each Care-of
   Addresses.  The mobile node also uses a BID generated for the home
   registration to register them as individual bindings.  The
   registration step is the same as for the home registration except for
   calculating authenticator by using Binding Unique Identifier sub-
   option as well as the other sub-options specified in RFC 3775.

3.2.  Multiple Bindings Management

   The BID is used as a search key for a corresponding entry in the
   binding cache in addition to the Home Address.  When the home agent
   checks the binding cache database for the mobile node, it searches a
   corresponding binding entry with the Home Address and BID of the
   desired binding.

   The desired binding can be selected with policy and filter
   information.  If a mobile node registers a binding with priority
   value, the priority can be a key to select a binding.  The capability



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   of searching the desired binding enables load-sharing and QoS with
   flow separation.  However, this selection and flow separation are out
   of scope in this document.

   If there is no desired binding, it searches the binding cache
   database with the Home Address as specified in Mobile IPv6.  The
   first matched binding entry may be found, although this is
   implementation dependent.

   If a node has multiple bindings and its packets meant for the mobile
   node are not delivered correctly, the node can change the binding
   entry for the mobile node so as to recover the connection
   immediately.  The node can detect a binding invalidation by packets
   loss or ICMP error messages such as ICMP_UNREACHABLE.  This provides
   redundancy for Mobile IPv6.

   When one of the care-of addresses is changed, the mobile node sends a
   Binding Update with the new Care-of Address and the corresponding
   BID.  The receiver of the Binding Update updates the binding which
   BID fits the BID contained in the received Binding Unique Identifier
   sub-option.  The mobile node can manage each binding independently
   owing to BID.

   If the mobile node decides to register only single binding, it just
   sends a Binding Update without a Binding Unique Identifier sub-option
   (i.e. normal Binding Update).  The receiver of the Binding Update
   registers only a single binding for the mobile node.  If the receiver
   has multiple bindings, one binding is registered without BID and the
   rest of bindings are deleted.

3.3.  Returning Home

   When the mobile node returns home, there are two situations, since
   the home agent defends the mobile node's Home Address by using the
   proxy neighbor advertisement.  It is impossible to utilize all the
   interfaces when one interface is attached to the home link and the
   others are attached to foreign links.  If the proxy Neighbor
   Advertisement for the Home Address is stopped, packets are always
   routed to the interface attached to the home link.  If proxy is not
   stopped, packets are never routed to the interface attached to the
   home link.  The decision whether a mobile node returns home or not is
   up to implementors.

   The first situation is when a mobile node wants to return home with
   the home attached interface.  In this case, the mobile node MUST de-
   register all the bindings by sending a Binding Update which lifetime
   set to zero.  The mobile node MAY NOT put any Binding Unique
   Identifier sub-option in this packet.  Then, the receiver deletes all



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   the bindings from its binding cache database.

   The second situation is when a mobile node does not want to return
   home, though one of its interfaces is attached to its home link.  The
   mobile node disables the interface attached to the home link and
   keeps using the rest of interfaces attached to foreign links.  In
   this case, the mobile node sends a de-registration Binding Update for
   the interface attached to the home link with the Binding Unique
   Identifier sub-option.  The receiver of the de-registration Binding
   Update deletes only the correspondent binding entry from the binding
   cache database.  The home agent does not stop proxying neighbor
   advertisement unless there are still bindings for the other
   interfaces.






































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4.  Mobile IPv6 Extensions

   In this section are described the changes to Mobile IPv6 necessary to
   manage multiple bindings bound to a same Home Address.

4.1.  Binding Cache Structure and Management

   The following additional items are required in the binding cache
   structure, i.e.:

   BID of the Binding Cache Entry

      The BID is notified by the mobile node by means of a Binding
      Unique Identifier sub-option.  The value MUST be zero if the
      Binding Unique identifier does not appear in a Binding Update.

   Priority of the Binding Cache Entry

      The priority is notified by the mobile node by means of a Binding
      Unique Identifier sub-option.

4.2.  Binding Update Structure and Management

   The following additional items are required for the binding update
   structure, i.e.:

   BID

      The BID MUST be generated whenever the mobile node registers
      multiple bindings for its Home Address.

   Priority

      MUST be set if the priority field of a Binding Unique Identifier
      is valid.

4.3.  Message Format Changes

4.3.1.  Binding Unique Identifier sub-option

   If needed, the Binding Unique Identifier sub-option is included in
   the Binding Update, Binding Acknowledgment, Binding Refresh Request,
   or Binding Error messages.








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                      1                   2                   3
        0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
                                       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                                       |   Type = TBD  |   Length = 4  |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |     Binding Unique ID (BID)   |  Priority     |B|  Reserved   |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-------------------------------+



   Figure 1: BID Sub-Option

   Type

      Type value for Binding Unique Identifier will be assigned later.

   Binding Unique ID (BID)

      The BID which is assigned to the binding carried in the Binding
      Update with this sub-option.  BID is 16-bit unsigned integer.  A
      value of zero is reserved.

   Priority

      The priority is assigned to each binding.  The receiver can
      utilize this priority to determine which binding is used to
      deliver packets.  The priority is 8-bit unsigned integer.  A value
      of zero indicates No Priority.  The higher value has higher
      priority.

   Bulk Registration (B) flag

      When this flag is set, a mobile node can piggyback several Care-of
      Addresses into a binding update.  The mobile node must use a
      Care-of Address stored in an alternate Care-of Address sub-option
      followed by the Binding Unique Identifier sub-option.

   Reserved

      15 bits Reserved field.  Reserved field must be set with all 0.

4.3.2.  Binding Update

   No modification to Binding Update.  A mobile node stores a Binding
   Unique Identifier option in the Mobility Options field of a Binding
   Update.





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4.3.3.  Binding Acknowledgment

   The message format of Binding Acknowledgment is not changed, but
   operations listed below are added in this draft.

   A receiver who gets a Binding Update with a binding unique identifier
   option MUST reply with a Binding Acknowledgment if the 'A' flag is
   also set or in case of a home registration.  The receiver MUST also
   send a Binding Acknowledgment with corresponding error codes if it
   finds an error while processing the Binding Update and its sub-option
   described in section Section 4.3.

   If a Binding Update has a Binding Unique Identifier sub-option is
   present, the receiver node MUST reply with a Binding Acknowledgment
   containing the same Binding Unique Identifier sub-option.  The mobile
   node can process the Binding Acknowledgment for the particular
   Care-of Address identified by the BID set in the Binding Unique
   Identifier sub-option.

   A new number is defined for handling the multiple Care-of Addresses
   registration:

   TBD (144)

      It implies conflicting a regular binding and a binding that has
      BID in binding cache.  The regular binding indicates the binding
      that does not have BID field.  The status value is TBD.

   TBD (145)

      It implies that the bulk binding registration is failed.  The
      status value is TBD.



















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5.  Mobile Node Operation

5.1.  Management of Care-of Addresses and Binding Unique Identifier

   There are two cases when a mobile node has several Care-of Addresses:

   1.  A mobile node uses several physical network interfaces and
       acquires a Care-of Address on each of its interfaces.

   2.  A mobile node uses a single physical network interface, but
       multiple prefixes are announced on the link the interface is
       attached to.  Several global addresses are configured on this
       interface for each of the announced prefixes.

   The difference between the above two cases is only a number of
   physical network interfaces and therefore does not matter.  The
   Identification number is used to distinguish multiple bindings so
   that the mobile node assigns an identification number for each
   Care-of Addresses.  How to assign an identification number is up to
   implementors.

   A mobile node assigns a BID to each Care-of Address when it wants to
   simultaneously register with its Home Address.  The value should be
   generated from a value comprised between 1 to 65535.  Zero and
   negative value can not be taken as a BID.  If a mobile node has only
   one Care-of Address, the assignment of a BID is not needed until it
   has multiple Care-of Addresses to register with.

5.2.  Sending Binding Update

   When a mobile node sends a Binding Update, it MUST decide whether it
   registers multiple Care-of Addresses or not.  However, this decision
   is out-of scope in this document.  If a mobile node decides not to
   register multiple Care-of Addresses, it completely follows standard
   RFC 3775 specification.

   On the other hand, if the mobile node needs to register multiple
   Care-of Addresses, it MUST use BIDs to identify a Care-of Address.
   The mobile node puts a Binding Unique Identifier sub-option into the
   Option field of the Binding Update.  The BID is copied from a Binding
   Update List to the Binding Unique Identifier sub-option.  If the
   mobile node registers bindings to a correspondent node, it MUST sends
   multiple CoTI for multiple Care-of Addresses.  After getting CoTs, it
   sends Binding Updates with a Binding Unique Identifier sub-option for
   all Care-of Addresses.  In any case, the mobile node MUST set the 'A'
   flag in Binding Updates and MUST wait for a Binding Acknowledgment to
   confirm the registration was successful as described in section
   Section 5.6.



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   Note that there is an optimization for registering multiple Care-of
   Addresses by using a single Binding Update, although the current
   Mobile IPv6 specification does not allow to send multiple bindings by
   means of a single Binding Update.  In this case, a mobile node sets
   the B flag into a Binding Unique Identifier sub-option and stores the
   particular Care-of Address in an alternate Care-of Address sub-option
   followed by the Binding Unique Identifier sub-option.  The mobile
   node can store multiple sets of a Unique Binding Identifier sub-
   option and an Alternate Care-of Address sub-option in a Binding
   Update.  All the other binding information such as Lifetime, Sequence
   Number, binding Flags are shared among the bulk Care-of Addresses.
   Whether a mobile node registers multiple Care-of Addresses
   respectively or not is up to implementations.

5.3.  Sending De-Registration Binding Update

   When a mobile node decides to delete all bindings for its home
   address, it sends a regular de-registration Binding Update (i.e.
   exclusion of a Binding Unique Identifier sub-option).  See
   Section 6.2 for details.

   If a mobile node wants to delete a particular binding from its home
   agent and correspondent nodes (ex. from foreign link), it MUST sends
   a Binding Update which lifetime is set to zero.  If only single
   Care-of Address is removed by a Binding Update, the mobile node
   simply set zero lifetime in a Binding Update and contains the single
   correspondent Unique Binding Identifier Sub-option (B flag must be
   unset).  The receiver will remove only the Care-of Address which is
   retrieved from the Source Address field of the IPv6 header.  On the
   other hand, if the mobile node wants to remove multiple Care-of
   Addresses at once, it stores multiple Unique Binding Identifier sub-
   options and Alternate Care-of Address sub-options in a Binding
   Update.  The Care-of Addresses stored in the Alternate Care-of
   Address sub-options will be all removed.

5.4.  Returning Home

   When a mobile node returns home, it MUST de-registers all the binding
   from the Home Agent.

   Although the mobile node MUST deletes the binding at correspondent
   nodes as well, the node can still keep the binding of the other
   interface active attached to foreign links at the correspondent
   nodes.  In such case, the mobile node still receives packets at the
   other interface attached to a foreign link thanks to route
   optimization.  The mobile node also receives packets at the interface
   attached to the home link when correspondent nodes does not use route
   optimization.



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   Note that when the mobile node does not want to return home even if
   one of interfaces is attached to the home link. the mobile node MUST
   disable the interface.  Otherwise, address duplication will be
   observed because the home agent still defend the Home Address by the
   proxy neighbor advertisement and the mobile node also enables the
   same Home Address on the home link.  After disabling the interface
   attached to the home link, the mobile node MUST delete the binding
   for the interface by sending de-registration binding update.  The de-
   registration binding update must be sent from one of active
   interfaces attached to foreign links.  As a result, the mobile node
   no longer receives packets at the interface attached to the home
   link.  All packets are routed to other interfaces attached to a
   foreign link.

5.5.  Using Alternate Care-of Address

   A mobile node can use an alternate Care-of Address in the following
   situations.

   o  One Care-of Address becomes invalid (e.g because the link where it
      is attached is no longer available) and MUST be deleted.  In such
      case, the mobile node can not sends a Binding Update from the
      Care-of Address because the interface's link is lost.  The mobile
      node needs to de-register the remote binding of the Care-of
      Address through one of its active Care-of Addresses.

   o  A mobile node has multiple interfaces, but it wants to sends
      Binding Updates for all Care-of Addresses from a specific
      interface which has wider bandwidth depending on interface's
      characteristics.  A mobile node does not want to send a lot of
      control messages through an interface which bandwidth is scarce.

   o  A mobile node wants to register multiple Care-of Addresses in bulk
      mode.  The mobile node can store multiple Care-of Addresses with
      correspondent BID into a Binding Update message.

   In these cases, the mobile node sends a Binding Update with both
   Alternate Care-of Address sub-option and Binding Unique Identifier
   sub-option.  If the B flag is unset in a Binding Unique Identifier
   sub-option, the BID in a Binding Unique Identifier sub-option is
   assigned for the Care-of Address in the Alternate Care-of Address
   sub-option.  If the B flag is set, the BID in a Binding Unique
   Identifier sub-option is assigned for the Care-of Address in the
   followed Alternate Care-of Address sub-option.

5.6.  Receiving Binding Acknowledgment

   The verification of a Binding Acknowledgment is the same as in Mobile



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   IPv6 (section 11.7.3 of RFC 3775).  The operation for sending a
   Binding Acknowledgment is described in Section 6.3.

   If a mobile node sends a Binding Update with a Binding Unique
   Identifier sub-option, a Binding Acknowledgment MUST have a Binding
   Unique Identifier sub-option in the Mobility options field.  If there
   is no such sub-option, the originator node of this Binding
   Acknowledgment might not recognize the Binding Unique Identifier sub-
   option.  The mobile node SHOULD stop registering multiple Care-of
   Addresses by using a Binding Unique Identifier sub-option.  If the
   originator is the Home Agent, the mobile node MAY perform DHAAD to
   discover a new Home Agent supporting the multiple Care-of Address
   registration or give up the multiple Care-of Address registration.

   If a Binding Unique Identifier sub-option is present, the mobile node
   checks the Status field of the Binding Acknowledgment.  If the status
   code indicates successful registration (below 128), the originator
   registers a binding information and BID for the mobile node
   successfully.

   If the status code is not zero regardless of Binding Unique
   Identifier sub-option availability in Binding Acknowledgment, the
   mobile node proceeds an relevant operations according to the status
   code.

   If the status code is 144, the mobile node has already registered a
   regular binding before sending a Binding Update with a Binding Unique
   Identifier sub-option.  In such case, the mobile node SHOULD stop
   sending Binding Updates without BID.

   If the status code is 145, the mobile node should re-registers
   multiple Care-of Addresses respectively. (i.e. not using the bulk
   registration).

5.7.  Receiving Binding Refresh Request

   The verification of a Binding Refresh Request is the same as in
   Mobile IPv6 (section 11.7.4 of RFC 3775).  The operation of sending a
   Binding Refresh Request is described in section Section 6.4.

   If a mobile node receives a Binding Refresh Request with a Binding
   Unique Identifier sub-option, this Binding Refresh Request requests a
   binding indicated by the BID.  The mobile node SHOULD update only the
   respective binding.  The mobile node MUST put a Binding Unique
   Identifier sub-option into a Binding Update.

   If no Binding Unique Identifier sub-option is present in a Binding
   Refresh Request, the mobile node sends a Binding Update according to



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   its Binding Update List for the requesting node.  On the other hand,
   if the mobile node does not have any Binding Update List entry for
   the requesting node, the mobile node needs to register either a
   single binding or multiple bindings depending on its binding
   management policy.

5.8.  Receiving Binding Error

   When a mobile node receives a Binding Error with a Binding Unique
   Identifier sub-option, the message is for a binding indicated by the
   BID in the Binding Unique Identifier sub-option.  Further operations
   except for the text below are identical as in RFC 3775.  The
   operation for sending BE is described in the section Section 6.5.

   When a mobile node receives a Binding Error with Status field set to
   2 (unrecognized MH Type value) , it MAY stop trying to register
   multiple Care-of Addresses and registers only primary Care-of Address
   as performed in Mobile IPv6.

































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6.  Home Agent and Correspondent Node Operation

6.1.  Searching Binding Cache with Binding Unique Identifier

   If either a correspondent node or a home agent has multiple bindings
   for a mobile node in its binding cache database, it can use any of
   the bindings to communicate with the mobile node.  How to select the
   most suitable binding from the binding cache database is out of scope
   in this document.

   Whenever a correspondent node searches a binding cache for a home
   address, it SHOULD uses both the Home Address and the BID as the
   search key if it knows the corresponding BID.  If the priority is
   available for a binding cache entry, the priority can be used as
   additional key to search a binding.  In the below example, if a
   correspondent node searches the binding with the Home Address and
   BID2, it gets binding2 for this mobile node.



             binding1 [a:b:c:d::EUI  Care-of Address1  BID1]
             binding2 [a:b:c:d::EUI  Care-of Address2  BID2]
             binding3 [a:b:c:d::EUI  Care-of Address3  BID3]



   Figure 2: Searching the Binding Cache

   A correspondent node basically learns the BID when it receives a
   Binding Unique Identifier sub-option.  At the time, the correspondent
   node MUST look up its binding cache database with the Home Address
   and the BID retrieved from Binding Update.  If the correspondent node
   does not know the BID, it searches a binding with only a Home Address
   as performed in Mobile IPv6.  In such case, the first matched binding
   is found.  But which binding entry is returned for the normal search
   depends on implementations.  If the correspondent node does not
   desire to use multiple bindings for a mobile node, it can simply
   ignore the BID.

6.2.  Receiving Binding Update

   If a Binding Update does not have a Binding Unique Identifier, the
   processing of the regular Binding Update is the same as in RFC 3775.
   But if the receiver already has multiple bindings for the Home
   Address, it MUST overwrite all existing bindings for the mobile node
   with the received binding.  As a result, the receiver node MUST have
   only a binding for the mobile node.  If the Binding Update is for de-
   registration, the receiver MUST delete all existing bindings for the



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   mobile node.

   On the other hand, if a Binding Update contains a Binding Unique
   Identifier sub-option, a receiver node MUST operate additional
   validations as follows:

   o  A receiver node MUST validate the Binding Update according to
      section 9.5.1 of RFC 3775.

   o  If the Binding Unique Identifier sub-option is present, the
      receiver node MUST process the Binding Update.

   o  If the Binding Unique Identifier sub-option has B flag set and no
      alternate Care-of Address sub-option can be found, the receiver
      node MUST send a binding acknowledgment with status code set to
      145.

   o  If the Lifetime field is not zero, the receiver node registers a
      binding that includes the BID as a mobile node's binding.

      *  If the B flag is set in the Binding Unique Identifier sub-
         option, the Care-of Address must be taken from the followed
         Alternate Care-of Address sub-option.

      *  If the B flag is not set in the Binding Unique Identifier sub-
         option, the Care-of Address must be taken from the Source
         Address field of the IPv6 header.

      *  If the receiver does not have any binding for the mobile node,
         it registers a binding which includes BID field.

      *  If the receiver has a regular binding which does not have BID
         for the mobile node, it de-registers the regular binding and
         registers a new binding including BID according to the Binding
         Update.  In this case, the receiver MUST send Binding
         Acknowledgment with status code set to 144.

      *  If the receiver node has already registered the binding which
         BID is matched with requesting BID , then it MUST update the
         binding up-to-date with the Binding Update.  Meanwhile, if the
         receiver does not have a binding entry which BID is matched
         with the requesting BID, it registers a new binding for the
         BID.

   o  If Lifetime field is zero, the receiver node deletes the
      registering binding entry which BID is same as BID sent by the
      Binding Unique Identifier sub-option.  If the receiver node does
      not have appropriate binding which BID is matched with the Binding



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      Update, it MUST reject this de-registration Binding Update.  If
      the receiver is a Home Agent, it SHOULD also return a Binding
      Acknowledgment to the mobile node, in which the Status field is
      set to 133 (not home agent for this mobile node).

6.3.  Sending Binding Acknowledgment

   If a Binding Update does not contain a Binding Unique Identifier sub-
   option, the receiver, either a correspondent node or a home agent,
   MUST reply with a Binding Acknowledgment according to section 9.5.4
   of RFC 3775.  Otherwise, whenever the BID sub-option is present, the
   receiver MUST follow the additional procedure below.  The receiver
   MUST reply with a Binding Acknowledgment whether the 'A' flag is set
   or not in the Binding Update.

   If the receiver successfully registers a binding for the BID stored
   in a Binding Unique Identifier sub-option, it returns a Binding
   Acknowledgment with Status field set to successful value (0 to 128)
   and a Binding Unique Identifier sub-option copied from the received
   Binding Update.  If the receiver deletes the existing binding which
   does not have a BID and registers a new binding for the BID, it MUST
   return a Binding Acknowledgment with Status field set to '144'.  On
   the other hand, if the node encounters an error during the processing
   of a Binding Update, it must return a Binding Acknowledgment with an
   appropriate error number as described in RFC 3775.  The node SHOULD
   put a Binding Unique Identifier sub-option if the BID is available
   for the Binding Acknowledgment.

6.4.  Sending Binding Refresh Request

   When either a correspondent node or Home Agent notices that a
   registered binding will be expired soon, it SHOULD send a Binding
   Refresh Request.  If the registered binding has BID, the
   correspondent node SHOULD contain a Binding Unique Identifier sub-
   option in the Binding Refresh Request.  Then, the correspondent node
   can receive a Binding Update with a Binding Unique Identifier sub-
   option and can update only the particular binding.  If the registered
   binding does not have BID, then the correspondent node sends a
   Binding Refresh Request without the sub-option.

6.5.  Sending Binding Error

   When a correspondent node sends a Binding Error with Status field set
   to 2 (Unrecognized MH Type value), it MAY put a Binding Unique
   Identifier sub-option into Mobility Options field if BID is available
   in a received binding message.

   When a correspondent node receives data packets with a home address



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   destination option, it verifies the IPv6 source address field.  If
   the source address is not registered in the correspondent node's
   binding cache, the correspondent node MUST return a Binding Error to
   the sender with the status set to zero (Unknown binding for Home
   Address destination option).  The correspondent node can not put a
   Binding Unique Identifier sub-option, because there is no binding
   cache entry for the source address.












































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7.  Network Mobility Applicability

   Support of multihomed mobile routers is advocated in the NEMO working
   group (see R12 ``The solution MUST function for multihomed MR and
   multihomed mobile networks'' in [7]

   Issues regarding mobile routers with multiple interfaces and other
   multihoming configurations are documented in [10].

   Since the binding management mechanisms are the same for a mobile
   host operating Mobile IPv6 and for a mobile router operating NEMO
   Basic Support (RFC 3963), our extensions can also be used to deal
   with multiple Care-of Addresses registration sent from a multihomed
   mobile router.





































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8.  IPsec and IKE interaction

   TBA
















































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9.  Conclusion

   In this document, we propose a solution to achieve multihomed mobile
   node on Mobile IPv6 and Network Mobility.  A binding unique
   identifier is introduced to register multiple care-of addresses to a
   home agent and a correspondent node.  Those care-of addresses are
   bound to the same home address.  A few modifications to Mobile IPv6
   and NEMO are required to support multiple care-of address
   registration.










































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10.  Acknowledgments

   The authors would like to thank Masafumi Aramoto (Sharp Corporation),
   Julien Charbon, Susumu Koshiba, Romain Kuntz (Keio-U), Hiroki
   Matutani (Tokyo-U), Koshiro Mitsuya (Keio-U), Nicolas Montavont, Koji
   Okada (Keio-U), Keisuke Uehara (Keio-U), Masafumi Watari (KDDI R&D)
   in alphabetical order, the Jun Murai Lab. at KEIO University, and
   WIDE project for their contributions.


11.  References

11.1.  Normative References

   [1]  Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)",
        IETF RFC 2460, December 1998.

   [2]  Johnson, D., Perkins, C., and J. Arkko, "Mobility Support in
        IPv6", RFC 3775, June 2004.

   [3]  Devarapalli, V., Wakikawa, R., Petrescu, A., and P. Thubert,
        "Network Mobility (NEMO) Basic Support Protocol", RFC 3963,
        January 2005.

   [4]  Montavont, N., Wakikawa, R., Ernst, T., Ng, C., and K.
        Kuladinithi, "Analysis of Multihoming in Mobile IPv6",
        draft-ietf-monami6-mipv6-analysis-00 (work in progress),
        February 2006.

   [5]  Manner, J. and M. Kojo, "Mobility Related Terminology",
        RFC 3753, June 2004.

   [6]  Ernst, T. and H. Lach, "Network Mobility Support Terminology",
        draft-ietf-nemo-terminology-05 (work in progress),
        February 2006.

   [7]  Ernst, T., "Network Mobility Support Goals and Requirements",
        draft-ietf-nemo-requirements-05 (work in progress),
        October 2005.

11.2.  Informative References

   [8]   Stemm, M. and R. Katz, "Vertical Handoffs in Wireless Overlay
         Networks", Journal Mobile Networks and Applications, vol. 3,
         number 4, pages 335-350, 1998.

   [9]   Ernst, T., "Motivations and Scenarios for Using Multiple
         Interfaces and Global Addresses",



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         draft-ietf-monami6-multihoming-motivations-scenarios-00 (work
         in progress), February 2006.

   [10]  Ng, C., "Analysis of Multihoming in Network Mobility Support",
         draft-ietf-nemo-multihoming-issues-05 (work in progress),
         February 2006.


Appendix A.  Example Configurations

   In this section, we describe typical scenarios when a mobile node has
   multiple network interfaces and acquires multiple Care-of Addresses
   bound to a Home Address.

   The Home Address of the mobile node (MN in figures) is a:b:c:d::EUI.
   MN has 3 different interfaces and possibly acquires Care-of Addresses
   1-3 (CoA1, CoA2, CoA3).  The MN assigns BID1, BID2 and BID3 to each
   Care-of Addresses.

   Figure 3 depicts the scenario where all interfaces of the mobile node
   are attached to foreign links.  After binding registrations, the home
   agent (HA) and the correspondent node (CN) have the binding entries
   listed in their binding cache database.  The mobile node can utilize
   all the interfaces.



























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                    +----+
                    | CN |
                    +--+-+
                       |
                   +---+------+          +----+
            +------+ Internet |----------+ HA |
            |      +----+---+-+          +--+-+
        CoA2|           |   |               |   Home Link
         +--+--+        |   |         ------+------
         |  MN +========+   |
         +--+--+ CoA1       |
        CoA3|               |
            +---------------+

     Binding Cache Database:
        Home Agent's binding (Proxy neighbor advertisement is active)
              binding [a:b:c:d::EUI  Care-of Address1  BID1]
              binding [a:b:c:d::EUI  Care-of Address2  BID2]
              binding [a:b:c:d::EUI  Care-of Address3  BID3]
        Correspondent Node's binding
              binding [a:b:c:d::EUI  Care-of Address1  BID1]
              binding [a:b:c:d::EUI  Care-of Address2  BID2]
              binding [a:b:c:d::EUI  Care-of Address3  BID3]



   Figure 3: Multiple Interfaces Attached to a Foreign Link

   Figure 4 depicts the scenario where MN returns home by one of its
   interfaces.  After the successful de-registration of the binding to
   HA, HA and CN have the binding entries listed in their binding cache
   database of Figure 4.  MN can communicate with the HA through only
   the interface attached to the home link.  On the other hand, the
   mobile node can communicate with CN from the other interfaces
   attached to foreign links (i.e. route optimization).  Even when MN is
   attached to the home link, it can still send Binding Updates for
   other active Care-of Addresses (CoA2 and CoA3).  If CN has bindings,
   packets are routed to each Care-of Addresses directly.  Any packet
   arrived at HA are routed to the primary interface.












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                    +----+
                    | CN |
                    +--+-+
                       |
                   +---+------+          +----+
            +------+ Internet |----------+ HA |
            |      +--------+-+          +--+-+
        CoA2|               |               |   Home Link
         +--+--+            |         --+---+------
         |  MN +========+   |           |
         +--+--+        |   |           |
        CoA3|           +---|-----------+
            +---------------+

     Binding Cache Database:
        Home Agent's binding (Proxy neighbor advertisement is inactive)
              none
        Correspondent Node's binding
              binding [a:b:c:d::EUI  Care-of Address2  BID2]
              binding [a:b:c:d::EUI  Care-of Address3  BID3]



   Figure 4: One of Interface Attached to Home Link and Returing Home

   Figure 5 depicts the scenario where a MN disable the interface
   attached to the home link and communicates with the interfaces
   attached to foreign links.  The HA and the CN have the binding
   entries listed in their binding cache database.  MN disable the
   interface attached to the home link, because the HA still defends the
   home address of the MN by proxy neighbor advertisements.  All packets
   routed to the home link are intercepted by the HA and tunneled to the
   other interfaces attached to the foreign link according to the
   binding entries.

















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                    +----+
                    | CN |
                    +--+-+
                       |
                   +---+------+          +----+
            +------+ Internet |----------+ HA |
            |      +----+-----+          +--+-+
        CoA2|           |                   |   Home Link
         +--+--+        |             --+---+------
         |  MN +========+               |
         +--+--+ CoA1                   |
            |                           |
            +---------------------------+
             (Disable interface)

     Binding Cache Database:
        Home Agent's binding (Proxy neighbor advertisement is active)
              binding [a:b:c:d::EUI  Care-of Address1  BID1]
              binding [a:b:c:d::EUI  Care-of Address2  BID2]
        Correspondent Node's binding
              binding [a:b:c:d::EUI  Care-of Address1  BID1]
              binding [a:b:c:d::EUI  Care-of Address2  BID2]


   Figure 5: One of Interface Attached to Home Link and Not Returing
   Home

   Figure 6 depicts the scenario where multiple interfaces of MN are
   attached to the home link.  The HA and the CN have the binding
   entries listed in Figure 6 in their binding cache database.  The MN
   can not use the interface attached to a foreign link unless a CN has
   a binding for the interface.  All packets which arrive at the HA are
   routed to one of the MN's interfaces attached to the home link.


















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                    +----+
                    | CN |
                    +--+-+
                       |
                   +---+------+          +----+
            +------+ Internet |----------+ HA |
            |      +----------+          +--+-+
        CoA2|                               |   Home Link
         +--+--+                 --+----+---+------
         |  MN +===================+    |
         +--+--+                        |
            |                           |
            +---------------------------+

     Binding Cache Database:
        Home Agent's binding (Proxy neighbor advertisement is inactive)
              none
        Correspondent Node's binding
              binding [a:b:c:d::EUI  Care-of Address2  BID2]


   Figure 6: Several Interfaces Attached to Home Link and Returning Home


Appendix B.  Dynamic Home Agent Address Discovery

   The Dynamic Home Agent Address Discovery (DHAAD) defined in RFC 3775
   is extended so that Mobile Nodes or Mobile Routers only register
   multiple Care-of Addresses with Home Agents that support multiple
   Care-of Addresses registration.  This is optional operations.

   However, we do not provide a solution for Mobile Nodes that would
   like to register multiple Care-of Addresses only with Correspondent
   Nodes that support multiple Care-of Addresses registration.

B.1.  DHAAD Request

   A new 'B' flag is introduced in the DHAAD Request message in order to
   discover Home Agents supporting the multiple Care-of Address
   registration.











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         0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |     Type      |     Code      |            Checksum           |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |          Identifier           |R|B|        Reserved           |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+



   Figure 7: DHAAD Request

   Multiple Care-of Addresses (B) Flag

      This flag is set when the mobile node wants to discover Home
      Agents that support multiple Care-of Addresses registration.

B.2.  DHAAD Reply

   A new 'B' flag is introduced in the DHAAD Reply message.  When a Home
   Agent receives a DHAAD Request message with the Multiple Care-of
   Addresses support Flag set, it MUST reply with a list of Home Agents
   supporting the multiple Care-of Addresses registration.  The 'B' flag
   MUST be set in the DHAAD Reply.



       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |     Type      |     Code      |            Checksum           |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |           Identifier          |R|B|         Reserved          |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                                                               |
       +                                                               +
       .                                                               .
       .                      Home Agent Addresses                     .
       .                                                               .
       +                                                               +
       |                                                               |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+



   Figure 8: DHAAD Reply





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   Mobile Router (R) Flag

      This flag is used by NEMO Basic Support [3]

   Multiple Care-of Addresses (B) Flag

      This flag is set when the Home Agents listed in this message
      supports multiple Care-of Addresses registration.

B.3.  Home Agent Information Option

   A new 'B' flag is introduced in the Home Agent Information Option.
   The home agent SHOULD set the flag if it supports multiple Care-of
   Addresses registration.



       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |     Type      |    Length     |R|B|       Reserved            |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |     Home Agent Preference     |      Home Agent Lifetime      |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+



   Figure 9: Home Agent Information Option

   Mobile Router (R) Flag

      This flag is used by NEMO Basic Support [3]

   Multiple Care-of Addresses (B) Flag

      This flag is set when the Home Agents listed in this message
      supports multiple Care-of Addresses registration.














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Appendix C.  Change Log From Previous Versions

   Changes from draft-wakikawa-mobileip-multiplecoa-04.txt

   o  Updating packet formats.  B flag in Binding Update is removed.

   o  Updating packet formats.  B flag in Unique Binding Identifier sub-
      option is introduced for bulk registration.

   o  Bulk Registration is now supported.

   o  The distinction of primary and non-primary is obsoleted.

   o  IPsec and IKE interaction will be added shortly.

   o  The priority is introduced instead of primary and non-primary.
      This priority is from comment by Monami6 WG.  The specification
      may not be completed, but if the document become WG, we will
      complete the spec.

   o  The DHAAD extension is optional extension. (moved to Appendix)






























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Authors' Addresses

   Ryuji Wakikawa
   Keio University
   Department of Environmental Information, Keio University.
   5322 Endo
   Fujisawa, Kanagawa  252-8520
   Japan

   Phone: +81-466-49-1100
   Fax:   +81-466-49-1395
   Email: ryuji@sfc.wide.ad.jp
   URI:   http://www.wakikawa.org/


   Thierry Ernst
   Keio University / WIDE
   Jun Murai Lab., Keio University.
   K-square Town Campus, 1488-8 Ogura, Saiwa-Ku
   Kawasaki, Kanagawa  212-0054
   Japan

   Phone: +81-44-580-1600
   Fax:   +81-44-580-1437
   Email: ernst@sfc.wide.ad.jp
   URI:   http://www.sfc.wide.ad.jp/~ernst/


   Kenichi Nagami
   INTEC NetCore Inc.
   1-3-3, Shin-suna
   Koto-ku, Tokyo  135-0075
   Japan

   Phone: +81-3-5565-5069
   Fax:   +81-3-5565-5094
   Email: nagami@inetcore.com














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Wakikawa, et al.         Expires August 5, 2006                [Page 36]