Internet Draft                                         Yacine El Mghazli
Expires December 2002                                            Alcatel

                                                               July 2002







                  BGP/MPLS VPN Policy Information Base
                <draft-yacine-ppvpn-2547bis-pib-01.txt>


Status of this Memo

   This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with
   all provisions of Section 10 of RFC 2026 [STD].

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other
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   The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.

Abstract

   This document describes a Policy Information Base (PIB) for a device
   implementing the BGP/MPLS VPN [2547bis] Architecture. The
   Provisioning Classes defined here provide policy control of resources
   implementing the BGP/MPLS VPN Architecture. These Provisioning
   Classes can be used with other non BGP/MPLS VPN Provisioning Classes
   (defined in other PIBs) to provide for a comprehensive policy
   controlled mapping of service requirements to device resource
   capability and usage.

   The COPS-PR protocol offers significant advantages when dealing with
   dynamic configuration and when compared to traditional management
   solutions. Moreover, dynamic VPN resource assignment is crucial to
   cope with the frequent changes requests from customer's (e.g., sites
   joining or leaving a VPN), as well as to achieve scalability. The PEs
   should be able to dynamically assign the VPN resources. This
   capability is especially important for dial and wireless VPN
   services.





El Mghazli                                                      [Page 1]


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   Conventions used in this document

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED",  "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in
   this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC-2119].


   Table of Contents

1.  Glossary..........................................................3
2.  Introduction......................................................3
3.  Relationship to the MPLS VPN MIB..................................3
4.  Assumptions and prerequisites.....................................4
5.  Operational overview..............................................5
5.1  Features List....................................................5
5.2  Roles usage with the 2547bis PIB.................................5
6.  PIB Overview......................................................6
6.1  Capabilities Group...............................................6
6.2  Policy Group.....................................................7
6.3  Feedback Group...................................................8
7.  PIB Usage Example................................................12
8.  BGP/MPLS VPN PIB Definition......................................12
9.  Acknowledgments..................................................34
10. Subject Category Considerations..................................34
11. Security Considerations..........................................35
12. Intellectual Property Considerations.............................35
13. IANA Considerations..............................................35
14. Authors' Addresses...............................................35
15. References.......................................................35
16  Full Copyright...................................................38
























El Mghazli                                                      [Page 2]


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1.  Glossary

   PRC    Provisioning Class. A type of policy data.
   PRI    Provisioning Instance. An instance of a PRC.
   PIB    Policy Information Base. The database of policy information.
   PDP    Policy Decision Point. See [RAP-FRWK].
   PEP    Policy Enforcement Point. See [RAP-FRWK].
   PRID   PRovisioning Instance Identifier. Uniquely identifies an
          instance of a PRC.
   PE     Provider Edge. See [2547bis].
   CE     Customer Edge. See [2547bis].
   RR     Route Reflector. See [2547bis].
   VRF    Virtual Routing and Forwarding. See [2547bis].
   ORF    Outbound Route Filtering. See [2547bis].


2. Introduction

   [SPPI] describes a structure for specifying policy information that
   can then be transmitted to a network device for the purpose of
   configuring policy at that device. The model underlying this
   structure is one of well-defined provisioning classes and instances
   of these classes residing in a virtual information store called the
   Policy Information Base (PIB).

   This document specifies a set of provisioning classes specifically
   for configuring BGP/MPLS VPN services in the service provider devices
   (PE routers).

   One way to provision policy is by means of the COPS protocol [COPS]
   with the extensions for provisioning [COPS-PR]. This protocol
   supports multiple clients, each of which may provision policy for a
   specific policy domain such as VPNs. The PRCs defined in this
   BGP/MPLS VPN PIB are intended for use by the COPS-PR PPVPN client-
   type [COPS-PPVPN]. Furthermore, these PRCs are in addition to any
   other PIBs that may be defined for the PPVPN client type in the
   future, as well as the PRCs defined in the Framework PIB [FR-PIB] and
   the Feedback Framework PIB [FEED-PIB].

   The COPS-PR protocol offers significant advantages when dealing with
   dynamic configuration and when compared to traditional management
   solutions. Moreover, dynamic VPN resource assignment is crucial to
   cope with the frequent changes requests from customer's (e.g., sites
   joining or leaving a VPN), as well as to achieve scalability. The PEs
   should be able to dynamically assign the VPN resources. This
   capability is especially important for dial and wireless VPN
   services.


3. Relationship to the MPLS VPN MIB

   The present version of the BGP/MPLS VPN PIB has been designed to be
   the closest as possible to the MPLS VPN MIB [MPLS-VPN-MIB] for

El Mghazli                                                      [Page 3]


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   consistency purposes.

   However, in order to take advantage of the specifics of SPPI and
   COPS-PR in general, the BGP/MPLS VPN PIB has its own structure and
   data organization.


4. Assumptions and Prerequisites

   It is assumed that certain things are configured and operational in
   order for the tables and objects described in this PIB to work
   correctly. These things are outlined below:


   Customer Visible Routing:

   Routing protocols running on the customer interface (between PE
   routers and CE devices) must be configurable per VRF. To this end,
   the service provider may use any of the management solutions such as
   SNMP with the routing protocols MIBs.


   Routing across the SP backbone:

   The MP-iBGP mechanisms specific to BGP/MPLS VPNs is assumed
   to be configured and operational in order for PEs to exchange
   their routes. To this end, the service provider may use any of the
   management solutions such as SNMP with the BGP4 specific MIB, namely
   [BGP4-MIB].

   Then the BGP/MPLS mechanisms are in charge of dynamically ditribute
   these routes between sites according to the VPN policies contained in
   the present PIB.


   VPN Tunneling and QoS:

   MPLS in general, must be configured and operational. To this end, the
   service provider may use any of the management solutions such as SNMP
   with the MPLS specific MIBs, namely [LSR-MIB], [FTN-MIB] or [TE-MIB].

   The LSPs establishment between PEs within the service provider
   network is out of the scope of this document. It is the service
   provider's responsibility to establish internal LSPs in order to
   connect its PEs or RRs together. The LSPs can be either best-effort
   or QoS-aware, traffic engineered or not, etc.

   This requires coordination of identifiers of tunnels, hierarchical
   tunnels, VPNs, and any associated service information, for example, a
   QoS service. This is an implementation concern.


   Underlying infrasructure:

El Mghazli                                                      [Page 4]


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   The configuration of a PE-based PPVPN must be coordinated with the
   configuration of the underlying infrastructure, including Layer 1 and
   2 networks interconnecting components of a PPVPN. This is out of the
   scope of this document.


5. Operational Overview

5.1 Features List

   BGP/MPLS VPN management supports configuration of intranet and
   extranet membership. COPS-PR enables VPN service creation,
   configuration, monitoring and deletion. It supports the 'VPN join'
   and 'VPN prune' operations dynamically.

   BGP/MPLS VPN configuration using COPS-PR enables dynamical
   provisioning of resources associated with VPN services. For
   example, the number and size of VRF instances is provisionable.

   The PIB supports BGP/MPLS VPN service as Enterprise VPN,
   Carrier's Carrier VPN, or Inter/Multi-provider Backbone VPN.

   The PIB supports the maintenance and troubleshooting of BGP/MPLS
   VPNs.

   The PIB supports BGP/MPLS VPNs that are configured on a
   particular physical interface or sub-interface if the interface can
   be divided (e.g. Frame Relay, ATM, or Ethernet VLAN) by the router.

   The PIB must be supported by PE routers and shall be used to
   configure and maintain one or more VPN Routing and Forwarding Tables
   (VRFs).

   The BGP/MPLS VPN PIB enables to monitor some specific parameters for
   accounting purposes.

5.2 Roles usage with the 2547bis PIB

   According to [FR-PIB], roles provide a way to bind policy to
   interfaces without having to explicitly identify interfaces in a
   consistent manner across all network devices. That is, roles provide
   a level of indirection to the application of a set of policies to
   specific interfaces. This separates the policy definition from device
   implementation specific interface identification. Furthermore, if
   the same policy is being applied to several interfaces, that policy
   need be pushed to the device only once, rather than once per
   interface, as long as the interfaces are configured with the same
   role combination.

   When using the BGP/MPLS VPN PIB, the manager SHOULD set the roles
   according to interfaces VPN membership. The role combination of a
   customer interface must correspond to the VPNs it belongs to.

El Mghazli                                                      [Page 5]


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   Hence, the PEP interprets this information and connect interfaces to
   VRFs accordingly. But such an interpretation is an implementation
   concern, hence it is out of the scope of the present document.


6. PIB overview

   This PIB is structured based on the need to configure the VRFs
   realizing a VPN among the different PE routers, and the
   parameterization of these VRFs.

   In addition, the PIB includes tables describing the capabilities and
   limitations of the device using a general extensible framework [FR-
   PIB]. These tables are reported to the PDP and assist the PDP with
   the configuration of VRFs that can be instantiated by the device.

   Finally, this PIB offers also feedback tables in order for the PEP to
   monitor, record and report specific information. These tables are
   reported periodically to the PDP based on selection criteria set by
   the PDP itself. This feedback mechanism follows the feedback
   extensible framework [FEED-FRWK].

   The 3 groups are summarized bellow in this section.


6.1 Capabilities Group

   This group consists of PRCs to indicate to the PDP the types of
   interface supported on the PEP in terms of their BGP/MPLS VPN
   capabilities (MPLS support, interface type with respect to the
   BGP/MPLS VPN mechanisms) and PRCs to indicate the device routing
   capabilities. This group describes capabilities in terms of the types
   of interfaces and general routing capabilities of the device.
   The framework PIB [FR-PIB] provides a general extensible framework
   for defining the capabilities and limitations of the elements listed
   above. The capability tables allow intelligent configuration of the
   elements by a PDP.


   Routing Capabilities:

   This table represents routing capabilities of the device (PE) in
   terms of protocol support, maximum number of routes and maximum
   number of VRFs in the PE. The configuration of VRFs in the PE must be
   according to these values.


   Interfaces Capabilities:

   This table represents PE interfaces capabilities essentially in terms
   of MPLS support. An interface can either support MPLS, MPLS TE
   tunnels or even not support MPLS at all. In this latter case, such an
   interface cannot be used for BGP/MPLS VPN purposes.

El Mghazli                                                      [Page 6]


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6.2 Policy Group

   This group contains configuration of the functional elements that
   comprise the BGP/MPLS VPN route distribution policy that applies to a
   device. This group contains VRFs and Route Targets, BGP peers,
   interfaces and routing table for each VRF instance. This group takes
   configuration in terms of interface types and role combinations
   [FR-PIB]; it does not deal with individual interfaces on the device.


   VRF Table:

   This table specifies BGP/MPLS VPN VRF Table associated information.
   Entries in this table define VRF routing instances associated with
   BGP/MPLS VPN interfaces or sub-interfaces. A specific Route
   Distinguisher is affected to each VRF in each PE. The whole pool of
   RDs is managed by the PDP.


   Route Target Table:

   This table contains the objects necessary to configure and monitor
   route targets for a particular VRF. According to BGP/MPLS VPN
   framework [2547bis], the configuration of import and export route
   targets realize topological route distribution policies and, as a
   consequence, the so-called VPNs.


   Interface Table:

   This table contains configuration information related
   to customer interfaces participating in BGP/MPLS VPNs. This table
   takes configuration in terms of interface index, referencing the
   Role Combination rows [FR-PIB].


   BGP Peer Table:

   This class contains the BGP peers of the device for a particular VRF.
   Based on the information contained in this table, the PE
   implementation can build ORFs. In case the PE routers uses BGP to
   exchange ORF capabilities [BGP-ORF], this table should be ignored and
   each PE router is a potential BGP peer.


   Routing Table:

   The role of the VRF routes table is mainly to allow the network
   manager to monitor the content of the VRF specific routing table and
   also to configure static routes within the backbone.


El Mghazli                                                      [Page 7]


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6.3 FeedBack Group

   According to the framework of COPS-PR policy usage feedback
   [FEED-FRWK], there are three basic types of policy used to define
   what the PEP is to monitor, record and report. These are the
   selection criteria policy, the usage policy and the feedback report
   linkage policy.

   The selection criteria policy is installed by the PDP. It defines the
   conditions used by the PEP to monitor and record a usage policy. The
   selection criteria policy may only be used for defining usage
   feedback selection criteria.

   The usage policy defines what attributes are monitored and recorded
   by the PEP. The usage policies specify counts related to a specific
   action such as routes being added in a VRF. The PDP decides which
   PRC(s) best suit(s) its requirements. The PEP may support multiple
   usage feedback PRCs. The PDP then decides which PRC to associate with
   a particular selection criterion.

   A usage feedback policy and selection policy are tightly associated
   with one another. A third policy, the frwkFeedbackLinkTable, is
   used to associate, or provide a linkage for the selection and usage
   policies. The frwkFeedbackLinkTable [FEED-PIB] also specifies when
   to report the usage feedback. The frwkFeedbackLinkTable entry permits
   the same selection criteria instance to be re-used for various usage
   feedback policies. The frwkFeedbackLinkTable contains the value of
   the selection criteria instance as well as contains the value of
   the usage feedback PRC.

   The PDP is not aware of the instance identifier of the usage feedback
   policy when installing the selection criteria and feedback linkage
   policies. The usage feedback policy is instantiated on the PEP by the
   installation of a feedback report linkage and the PEP designates the
   instance identifier. The usage feedback policy class always contains
   an attribute of type ReferenceId that contains the instance value of
   the associated frwkFeedbackLinkTable instance installed by the PDP.


   Route & Label Count Usage Tables:

   These tables contain respectively counters of routes hold by a
   VRF, and counters of labels illegally received by a VRF.


   Threshold Table:

   This table contains the thresholds which triggers a report of the
   counters of either routes or labels.


   Selection Table:

El Mghazli                                                      [Page 8]


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   This class identifies a VRF to collect usage information from.


7. PIB Usage Example

   Bellow is an example of a fulfilled BGP/MPLS VPN PIB. The
   example given in this section aims at realizing the following
   configuration in a PE router:


                    +------------------+
                    |         +----+   |ospf
                    | +---+   |VRF1|---+----IF1 (intranet VPN1)
                    | | B |---|    |---+----IF2 (intranet VPN1)
                    | | G |   +----+   |eBGP
   (Backbone)IF4----+-+ P |   +----+   |
                    | | 4 |---|VRF2|---+----IF3 (intranet VPN1 &
                    | +---+   |    |   |eBGP     extranet VPN2)
                    |         +----+   |
                    +------------------+

             Figure 1. PE router example configuration



-- Local settings:

   The following tables are BGP/MPLS VPN specific. They give an example
   of the routing and interface capabilities for a particular device
   (PE). These information are sent to the PDP mainly at the beginning
   of the session.

   ppvpn2547RoutingCapsTable
   {
      Prid=1, DistProtocol=eBGP+OSPF, MaxRoutes=500.000, MaxVrfs=500,
        ORFMgt = False;
   }

   ppvpn2547IfCapsTable
   {
      Prid=1, TunnelSupport=mplsTunnel, Type=network;
      Prid=2, TunnelSupport=mpls      , Type=customer;
      Prid=3, TunnelSupport=none      , Type=customer;
   }


-- Framework PIB:

   The following tables are defined in the generic framework PIB [FR-
   PIB]. The PRIs are set by the PDP and sent to the PEP for consistent
   later configuration.


El Mghazli                                                      [Page 9]


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   The framework Capability Set table defines the different
   interface types in terms of the BGP/MPLS VPN capabilities.

   frwkIfCapSetTable
   {
      Prid=1, Name="Customer", Capability=ppvpn2547IfCaps.2;
      Prid=2, Name="Customer", Capability=ppvpn2547IfCaps.3;
      Prid=3, Name="Network",  Capability=ppvpn2547IfCaps.1;
   }

   The framework Role Combination table informs on which interface type
   each interface belongs to and also affect roles to each interface.
   The role affected to each interface SHOULD correspond to the VPN
   membership, as shown in the example bellow:

   frwkIfRoleComboTable
   {
      Prid=1, Roles=VPN1,      CapSetName="Customer", IfIndex=1;
      Prid=2, Roles=VPN1,      CapSetName="Customer", IfIndex=2;
      Prid=3, Roles=VPN1+VPN2, CapSetName="Customer", IfIndex=3;
      Prid=4, Roles=SP,        CapSetName="Network",  IfIndex=4;
   }

   Do note that two interfaces, corresponding to 2 distinct sites
   belong to the same VPN.


-- BGP/MPLS VPN PIB:

   The following tables are also BGP/MPLS VPN specific and realize
   routes distribution policies between sites. For further details about
   each PRCs, read the BGP/MPLS VPN PIB definition in the next section.

   ppvpn2547VrfTable{
      Prid=1, Roles=VPN1,      IfName="Customer", VrfId=0,
        Descr="Intranet", RD=XX, MaxRoutes=1000;
      Prid=2, Roles=VPN1+VPN2, IfName="Customer", VrfId=1,
        Descr="Extranet", RD=YY, MaxRoutes=2000;
   }

   Do note that the roles enable to link an interface or a set of
   interfaces, according to the VPN membership information.

   ppvpn2547RouteTargetTable{
      Prid=1, Type=both  , VrfId=0, RT="VPN1",
        Decsr="CUG VPN1";
      Prid=2, Type=both  , VrfId=1, RT="VPN1",
        Decsr="CUG VPN1";
      Prid=3, Type=import, VrfId=1, RT="VPN2-Hub",
        Descr="Hub Site VPN2";
   }

   ppvpn2547IfTable{

El Mghazli                                                     [Page 10]


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      Prid=1, IfIndex=1, VpnClassif=enterprise,
        RouteDistProtocol="OSPF";
      Prid=2, IfIndex=2, VpnClassif=enterprise,
        RouteDistProtocol="eBGP";
      Prid=3, IfIndex=3, VpnClassif=enterprise,
        RouteDistProtocol="eBGP";
   }

   ppvpn2547BgpPeerTable{
      Prid=1, VrfId=0, PeerRole=PE, AddrType=Ipv4, Addr=192.123.122.1;
      Prid=2, VrfId=0, PeerRole=PE, AddrType=Ipv4, Addr=192.123.145.5;
      Prid=3, VrfId=0, PeerRole=PE, AddrType=Ipv4, Addr=192.123.12.34;
      Prid=4, VrfId=1, PeerRole=PE, AddrType=Ipv4, Addr=192.156.78.25;
      Prid=5, VrfId=1, PeerRole=PE, AddrType=Ipv4, Addr=192.123.9.125;
   }

-- Feedback

   The following table is defined in the generic feedback framework
   PIB [FEED-PIB]. These capabilities information are sent to the PDP
   mainly at the beginning of the session.

   frwkFeedbackSelUsageComboCapsTable{
      Id=1, Selection=ppvpn2547Selection,
            Usage=ppvpn2547RouteCountUsage,
            Threshold=ppvpn2547Threshold;
      Id=2, Selection=ppvpn2547Selection,
            Usage=ppvpn2547LabelCountUsage,
            Threshold=ppvpn2547Threshold;
   }

   The following tables are BGP/MPLS VPN specific. The PRIs are set by
   the PDP and sent to the PEP for periodic reporting.

   ppvpn2547SelectionTable{
      Prid=1, Vrf=ppvpn2547Vrf.1;
      Prid=2, Vrf=ppvpn2547Vrf.2;
   }

   ppvpn2547ThresholdTable{
      Prid=1, Thresh=10.000;
   }

   The following table is defined in the generic feedback framework
   PIB [FEED-PIB]. The PRIs are set by the PDP and sent to the PEP for
   periodic reporting.

   frwkFeedbackLinkTable{
      Id=1, Sel=ppvpn2547Selection.1, Usage=ppvpn2547RouteCountUsage,
        Interval=10, Threshold=ppvpn2547Treshold.1, Flags=threshold;
      Id=2, Sel=ppvpn2547Selection.2, Usage=ppvpn2547LabelCountUsage,
        Interval=20, Threshold=NULL,                Flags=changeOnly;
   }

El Mghazli                                                     [Page 11]


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8.  BGP/MPLS VPN PIB Definition

8.1. The BGP/MPLS VPN PIB

   PPVPN-PIB PIB-DEFINITIONS ::= BEGIN

   IMPORTS
       Unsigned32, Integer32, MODULE-IDENTITY, MODULE-COMPLIANCE,
       OBJECT-TYPE, OBJECT-GROUP, pib, TEXTUAL-CONVENTION
               FROM COPS-PR-SPPI
       InstanceId, TagId, TagReferenceId, ReferenceId
               FROM COPS-PR-SPPI-TC
       DisplayString
               FROM SNMPv2-SMI
       TruthValue
               FROM SNMPv2-TC
       RoleCombination
               FROM FRAMEWORK-TC-PIB
       InetAddress, InetAddressType
               FROM INET-ADDRESS-MIB;


   ppvpn2547PolicyPib  MODULE-IDENTITY
       SUBJECT-CATEGORIES { ppvpn(tbd) } -- PPVPN COPS Client Type
                                         -- to be assigned by IANA
       LAST-UPDATED "200207011800Z"
       ORGANIZATION "IETF PPVPN WG"
       CONTACT-INFO "
                      Yacine El Mghazli
                      Alcatel
                      Route de Nozay
                      F-91460 Marcoussis - FRANCE
                      Phone: +33 1 69 63 41 87
                      Email: yacine.el_mghazli@alcatel.fr"
       DESCRIPTION
            "The PIB module containing a set of provisioning classes
            that describe provider provisioned virtual private networks
            (PPVPN) policies for BGP/MPLS VPN. It includes general
            classes that may be extended by other PIB specifications as
            well as a set of PIB classes related to PPVPNs."
       REVISION "200203081800Z"
       DESCRIPTION
            "Initial version, published as
             draft-yacine-ppvpn-2547-pib-00.txt."
       ::= { pib xxx } -- xxx to be assigned by IANA


-- BGP/MPLS VPN specific Textual Conventions.

   Ppvpn2547RouteDistinguisher ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION
      STATUS        current

El Mghazli                                                     [Page 12]


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      DESCRIPTION
          "Syntax for a route distinguisher."
      SYNTAX  OCTET STRING(SIZE (0..256))

   Ppvpn2547RouteTarget ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION
      STATUS        current
      DESCRIPTION
          "Syntax for a route target."
      SYNTAX  OCTET STRING(SIZE (0..256))


-- BGP/MPLS VPN PIB module

   ppvpn2547CapabilityClasses
      OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { ppvpn2547PolicyPib 1 }
   ppvpn2547PolicyClasses
      OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { ppvpn2547PolicyPib 2 }
   ppvpn2547FeedbackClasses
      OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { ppvpn2547PolicyPib 3 }
   ppvpn2547PibConformance
      OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { ppvpn2547PolicyPib 4 }


-- Capabilities Classes

--
-- BGP/MPLS VPN PE Routing Capabilities
--

   ppvpn2547RoutingCapsTable OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX         SEQUENCE OF Ppvpn2547RoutingCapsEntry
       PIB-ACCESS     notify
       STATUS         current
       DESCRIPTION
           "This class represents routing capabilities of a device
            (PE)."
       ::= { ppvpn2547CapabilityClasses 1 }

   ppvpn2547RoutingCapsEntry OBJECT-TYPE
      SYNTAX         Ppvpn2547RoutingCapsEntry
      STATUS         current
      DESCRIPTION
          "An instance of the ppvpn2547RoutingCaps class."
      PIB-INDEX { ppvpn2547RoutingCapsPrid }
      ::= { ppvpn2547RoutingCapsTable 1 }

   ppvpn2547RoutingCapsEntry ::= SEQUENCE {
           ppvpn2547RoutingCapsPrid           InstanceId,
           ppvpn2547RoutingCapsDistProtocol   BITS,
           ppvpn2547RoutingCapsMaxRoutes      unsigned32,
           ppvpn2547RoutingCapsMaxVrfs        unsigned32,
           ppvpn2547RoutingCapsBgpOrf         TruthValue
   }

El Mghazli                                                     [Page 13]


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   ppvpn2547RoutingCapsPrid OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX         InstanceId
       STATUS         current
       DESCRIPTION
           "An arbitrary integer index that uniquely identifies an
           instance of the class."
       ::= { ppvpn2547RoutingCapsEntry 1 }

   ppvpn2547RoutingCapsDistProtocol OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX         BITS { static (0),
                             ebgp   (1),
                             ospf   (2),
                             rip    (3),
                             isis   (4)
       }
       STATUS         current
       DESCRIPTION
           "Denotes the route distribution protocol supported by the PE
            across the PE-CE links. Note that more than one routing
            protocol may be enabled at the same time."
       ::= { ppvpn2547RoutingCapsEntry 2 }

   ppvpn2547RoutingCapsMaxRoutes OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX        Unsigned32
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
          "Denotes maximum number of routes which this PE is
           able to hold."
       ::= { ppvpn2547RoutingCapsEntry 3 }

   ppvpn2547RoutingCapsMaxVrfs OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX        Unsigned32
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
          "Denotes maximum number of VRF which this PE is
           able to hold."
       ::= { ppvpn2547RoutingCapsEntry 4 }

   ppvpn2547RoutingCapsBgpOrf OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX        TruthValue
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
          "Denotes if the PEP supports Cooperative Route Filtering
           Capability for BGP [BGP-ORF]."
       ::= { ppvpn2547RoutingCapsEntry 5 }


--
-- PE Interface Capabilities
--

   ppvpn2547IfCapsTable OBJECT-TYPE

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       SYNTAX         SEQUENCE OF Ppvpn2547IfCapsEntry
       PIB-ACCESS     notify
       STATUS         current
       DESCRIPTION
         " This class represents interfaces capabilities of a device
           (PE) in terms of MPLS support."
       ::= { ppvpn2547CapabilityClasses 2 }

   ppvpn2547IfCapsEntry OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX         Ppvpn2547IfCapsEntry
       STATUS         current
       DESCRIPTION
         "An instance of the ppvpn2547IfCaps class."
       PIB-INDEX { ppvpn2547IfCapsPrid }
       ::= { ppvpn2547IfCapsTable 1 }

   ppvpn2547IfCapsEntry ::= SEQUENCE {
           ppvpn2547IfCapsPrid           InstanceId,
           ppvpn2547IfCapsTunnelSupport  INTEGER,
           ppvpn2547IfCapsType           INTEGER
   }

   ppvpn2547IfCapsPrid OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX         InstanceId
       STATUS         current
       DESCRIPTION
           "An arbitrary integer index that uniquely identifies an
           instance of the class."
       ::= { ppvpn2547IfCapsEntry 1 }

   ppvpn2547IfCapsTunnelSupport OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX         INTEGER { none       (0),
                                mpls       (1),
                                mplsTunnel (2),
                                other      (3)
       }
       STATUS         current
       DESCRIPTION
           " Denotes the interface type in accordance with [IFMIB] which
             states that the interfaces tables contains information on
             the managed resource's interfaces and each sub-layer bellow
             the internetwork layer interface is considered as an
             interface."
       ::= { ppvpn2547IfCapsEntry 2 }

   ppvpn2547IfCapsType OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX         INTEGER { network  (1),
                                customer (2)
       }
       STATUS         current
       DESCRIPTION
           " Either the network(0) or customer(1) bit MUST be
             set. Denotes if the interface is a customer interface

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             or a network interface."
       ::= { ppvpn2547IfCapsEntry 3 }


-- Policy Classes

--
-- BGP/MPLS VPN VRF Table
--

   ppvpn2547VrfTable OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX       SEQUENCE OF Ppvpn2547VrfEntry
       PIB-ACCESS   install
       STATUS       current
       DESCRIPTION
          "This class specifies BGP/MPLS VPN VRF Table associated
           information. Entries in this table define VRF instances
           associated with MPLS/VPN interfaces. Note that multiple
           interfaces can belong to the same VRF instance."
       ::= { ppvpn2547PolicyClasses 1 }

   ppvpn2547VrfEntry OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX       Ppvpn2547VrfEntry
       STATUS       current
       DESCRIPTION
          "An entry in this table is created by the provider for
           every VRF capable of supporting MPLS/BGP VPN."
       PIB-INDEX {  ppvpn2547VrfPrid }
       UNIQUENESS { ppvpn2547VrfId,
                    ppvpn2547VrfRoles,
                    ppvpn2547VrfIfName,
                    ppvpn2547VrfRD }
       ::= { ppvpn2547VrfTable 1 }

   ppvpn2547VrfEntry ::= SEQUENCE  {
       ppvpn2547VrfPrid        InstanceId,
       ppvpn2547VrfRoles       RoleCombination,
       ppvpn2547VrfIfName      SnmpAdminString,
       ppvpn2547VrfId          TagReferenceId,
       ppvpn2547VrfDescription SnmpAdminString,
       ppvpn2547VrfRD          Ppvpn2547RouteDistinguisher,
       ppvpn2547VrfMaxRoutes   Unsigned32
   }

   ppvpn2547VrfPrid OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX       InstanceId
       STATUS       current
       DESCRIPTION
          "An arbitrary integer index that uniquely identifies an
           instance of the class."
       ::= { ppvpn2547VrfEntry 1 }

   ppvpn2547VrfRoles OBJECT-TYPE

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       SYNTAX       RoleCombination
       STATUS       current
       DESCRIPTION
          "The interfaces to which the VRF is attached to,
           specified in terms of roles.  There must exist an entry
           in the frwkIfRoleComboTable [FR-PIB] specifying
           this role combination, together with the interface
           capability set specified by ppvpn2547IfName, prior to
           association with an instance of this class."
       ::= { ppvpn2547VrfEntry 2 }

   ppvpn2547VrfIfName OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX       SnmpAdminString
       STATUS       current
       DESCRIPTION
          "The interface capability set to which the VRF is attached to.
           The interface capability name specified by this attribute
           must exist in the frwkIfCapSetTable [FR-PIB] prior to
           association with an instance of this class."
       ::= { ppvpn2547VrfEntry 3 }

   ppvpn2547VrfId OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX       TagReferenceId
       PIB-TAG { ppvpn2547RouteTargetVrfId }
       STATUS       current
       DESCRIPTION
          "Identifies a VRF instance."
       ::= { ppvpn2547VrfEntry 4 }

   ppvpn2547VrfDescription OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX        SnmpAdminString
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
           "The human-readable description of this VRF."
       ::= { ppvpn2547VrfEntry 5 }

   ppvpn2547VrfRD OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX        Ppvpn2547RouteDistinguisher
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
           "The route distinguisher for this VRF."
       ::= { ppvpn2547VrfEntry 6 }

   ppvpn2547VrfMaxRoutes OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX        Unsigned32
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
           "Denotes maximum number of routes which this VRF is
            configured to hold."
       ::= { ppvpn2547VrfEntry 7 }


--

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-- BGP/MPLS VPN Route Target Table
--

   ppvpn2547RouteTargetTable OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX        SEQUENCE OF Ppvpn2547RouteTargetEntry
       PIB-ACCESS    install
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
           "This table specifies per-VRF route target association. Each
           entry identifies a connectivity policy supported as part of a
           VPN."
       ::= { ppvpn2547PolicyClasses 2 }

   ppvpn2547RouteTargetEntry OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX        Ppvpn2547RouteTargetEntry
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
           "An entry in this table is created for each route target
           configured for a VRF supporting a MPLS/BGP VPN instance."
       PIB-INDEX  { ppvpn2547RouteTargetPrid}
       UNIQUENESS { ppvpn2547RouteTargetVrfId,
                   ppvpn2547RouteTargetType,
                   ppvpn2547RouteTargetPrecedence,
                   ppvpn2547RouteTargetRT
       }
       ::= { ppvpn2547RouteTargetTable 1 }

   ppvpn2547RouteTargetEntry ::= SEQUENCE {
       ppvpn2547RouteTargetPrid       InstanceId,
       ppvpn2547RouteTargetType       INTEGER,
       ppvpn2547RouteTargetVrfId      TagId,
       ppvpn2547RouteTargetRT         Ppvpn2547RouteTarget,
       ppvpn2547RouteTargetDescr      DisplayString
   }

   ppvpn2547RouteTargetPrid OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX       InstanceId
       STATUS       current
       DESCRIPTION
           "An arbitrary integer index that uniquely identifies an
           instance of the class."
       ::= { ppvpn2547RouteTargetEntry 1 }

   ppvpn2547RouteTargetType OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX        INTEGER { import(1),
                               export(2),
                               both(3) }
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
           "The route target distribution type."
       ::= { ppvpn2547RouteTargetEntry 2 }

   ppvpn2547RouteTargetVrfId OBJECT-TYPE

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       SYNTAX        TagId
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
           "A VRF is composed of an import RT list and a export RT
           list. Each RT belonging to the same VRF uses the same VRF ID.
           Hence, a VRF Id identifies which this RT is a part of. This
           needs to be the value of ppvpn2547VrfId attribute for an
           existing instance of ppvpn2547VrfEntry."
   ::= { ppvpn2547RouteTargetEntry 3 }

   ppvpn2547RouteTargetRT OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX        Ppvpn2547RouteTarget
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
           "The route target value."
       ::= { ppvpn2547RouteTargetEntry 4 }

   ppvpn2547RouteTargetDescr OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX        DisplayString
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
           "Description of the route target."
       ::= { ppvpn2547RouteTargetEntry 5 }


--
-- BGP/MPLS VPN Interface Table
--

   ppvpn2547IfTable  OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX        SEQUENCE OF Ppvpn2547IfEntry
       PIB-ACCESS    install
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
           "This table specifies per customer interface configuration
            information ."
       ::= { ppvpn2547PolicyClasses 3 }

   ppvpn2547IfEntry OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX        Ppvpn2547IfEntry
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
           "An entry in this table is created for every interface type
           supporting MPLS/BGP VPN. Each entry in this table is meant to
           correspond to an entry in the Interfaces Table."
       PIB-INDEX { ppvpn2547IfPrid }
       UNIQUENESS { ppvpn2547IfRoles,
                    ppvpn2547IfName }
       ::= { ppvpn2547IfTable 1 }

   ppvpn2547IfEntry ::= SEQUENCE {
           ppvpn2547IfPrid               InstanceId,
           ppvpn2547IfIndex              ReferenceId,

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           ppvpn2547IfVpnClassification  INTEGER,
           ppvpn2547IfRouteDistProtocol  BITS
   }

   ppvpn2547IfPrid OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX       InstanceId
       STATUS       current
       DESCRIPTION
          "An arbitrary integer index that uniquely identifies an
           instance of the class."
       ::= { ppvpn2547IfEntry 1 }

   ppvpn2547IfIndex OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX       ReferenceId
       PIB-REFERENCES { frwkRoleCombinationEntry }
       STATUS       current
       DESCRIPTION
          "The interface capability set to configure. The interface
           capability name specified by this attribute must exist in the
           frwkIfCapSetTable [FR-PIB] prior to association with an
           instance of this class."
       ::= { ppvpn2547IfEntry 2 }


   ppvpn2547IfVpnClassification OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX        INTEGER { carrierOfCarrier (1),
                               enterprise (2),
                               interProvider (3)
       }
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
           "Denotes whether this link participates in a carrier-of-
           carrier's, enterprise, or inter-provider scenario."
       ::= { ppvpn2547IfEntry 3 }

   ppvpn2547IfRouteDistProtocol OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX        BITS { none  (0),
                            ebgp  (1),
                            ospf  (2),
                            rip   (3),
                            isis  (4)
       }
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
           "Denotes the route distribution protocol across the customer
            interface protocol. Note that more than one routing protocol
            may be enabled at the same time."
       ::= { ppvpn2547IfEntry 4 }


--
-- BGP/MPLS VPN BGP Peer Address Table
--

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   ppvpn2547BgpPeerTable OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX        SEQUENCE OF Ppvpn2547BgpPeerEntry
       PIB-ACCESS    install
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
           "Each entry in this table specifies a per VRF
            MPLS/BGP neighbor."
       ::= { ppvpn2547PolicyClasses 4 }

   ppvpn2547BgpPeerEntry OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX        Ppvpn2547BgpPeerEntry
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
           "An entry in this table is created by an LSR for
            every VRF capable of supporting MPLS/BGP VPN. The
            indexing provides an ordering of VRFs per-VPN
            interface."
       PIB-INDEX  { ppvpn2547BgpPeerPrid }
       UNIQUENESS { ppvpn2547BgpPeerVrfId,
                    ppvpn2547BgpPeerAddrType,
                    ppvpn2547BgpPeerAddr
       }
       ::= { ppvpn2547BgpPeerTable 1 }

   ppvpn2547BgpPeerEntry ::= SEQUENCE {
           ppvpn2547BgpPeerPrid         InstanceId,
           ppvpn2547BgpPeerVrfId        ReferenceId,
           ppvpn2547BgpPeerRole         INTEGER,
           ppvpn2547BgpPeerAddrType     InetAddressType,
           ppvpn2547BgpPeerAddr         InetAddress
   }

   ppvpn2547BgpPeerPrid OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX        InstanceId
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
            "An arbitrary integer index that uniquely identifies an
            instance of the class."
       ::= { ppvpn2547BgpPeerEntry 1 }

   ppvpn2547BgpPeerVrfId OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX        ReferenceId
       PIB-REFERENCES { ppvpn2547VrfEntry }
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
           "The reference Id of the VRF instance(s) because of which
            this device is the bgp neighbor."
       ::= { ppvpn2547BgpPeerEntry 2 }

   ppvpn2547BgpPeerRole OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX        INTEGER { pe(1),
                               rr(2)

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       }
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
           "Denotes the role played by this BGP neighbor
            with respect to the corresponding VRF. rr(0) stands for
            Route Reflector, pe(1) stands for Provider Edge"
       ::= { ppvpn2547BgpPeerEntry 3 }

   ppvpn2547BgpPeerAddrType  OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX        InetAddressType
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
           "Denotes the address family of the PE address."
       ::= { ppvpn2547BgpPeerEntry 4 }

   ppvpn2547BgpPeerAddr  OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX        InetAddress
   STATUS        current
   DESCRIPTION
       "Denotes the EBGP neighbor address."
   ::= { ppvpn2547BgpPeerEntry 5 }


--
-- VRF Routing Table
--

   ppvpn2547RouteTable  OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX        SEQUENCE OF Ppvpn2547RouteEntry
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
           "This table specifies per-VRF MPLS/BGP VPN routing
           information. Entries in this table define VRF routing entries
           associated with the specified MPLS/VPN interfaces. Note
           that this table contains both BGP and IGP routes, as both may
           appear in the same VRF."
       ::= { ppvpn2547PolicyClasses 5 }

   ppvpn2547RouteEntry OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX        Ppvpn2547RouteEntry
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
           "An entry in this table is created by an LSR for every route
            present configured (either dynamically or statically) within
            the context of a specific VRF capable of supporting MPLS/BGP
            VPN. The indexing provides an ordering of VRFs per-VPN
            interface."
       PIB-INDEX { ppvpn2547RoutePrid }
       UNIQUENESS { ppvpn2547RouteVrfId,
                    ppvpn2547RouteDest,
                    ppvpn2547RouteMask,
                    ppvpn2547RouteTos,
                    ppvpn2547RouteNextHop }

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          ::= { ppvpn2547RouteTable 1 }

   ppvpn2547RouteEntry ::= SEQUENCE {
           ppvpn2547RoutePrid               InstanceId,
           ppvpn2547RouteVrfId              ReferenceId,
           ppvpn2547RouteDest               InetAddress,
           ppvpn2547RouteDestAddrType       InetAddressType,
           ppvpn2547RouteMask               InetAddress,
           ppvpn2547RouteMaskAddrType       InetAddressType,
           ppvpn2547RouteTos                Unsigned32,
           ppvpn2547RouteNextHop            InetAddress,
           ppvpn2547RouteNextHopAddrType    InetAddressType,
           ppvpn2547RouteIfIndex            InterfaceIndexOrZero,
           ppvpn2547RouteType               INTEGER,
           ppvpn2547RouteProto              INTEGER,
           ppvpn2547RouteInfo               OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
           ppvpn2547RouteNextHopAS          Unsigned32,
           ppvpn2547RouteMetric1            Integer32,
           ppvpn2547RouteMetric2            Integer32,
           ppvpn2547RouteMetric3            Integer32,
           ppvpn2547RouteMetric4            Integer32,
           ppvpn2547RouteMetric5            Integer32
   }

   ppvpn2547RoutePrid OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX        InstanceId
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
            "An arbitrary integer index that uniquely identifies an
            instance of the class."
       ::= { ppvpn2547RouteEntry 1 }

   ppvpn2547RouteVrfId OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX        ReferenceId
       PIB-REFERENCES { ppvpn2547VrfEntry }
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
           "The reference Id of the corresponding VRF instance."
   ::= { ppvpn2547RouteEntry 2 }

   ppvpn2547RouteDest  OBJECT-TYPE
      SYNTAX        InetAddress
      STATUS        current
      DESCRIPTION
          "The destination IP address of this route.
           This object may not take a Multicast (Class D)
           address value.
           Any assignment (implicit or otherwise) of an
           instance of this object to a value x must be
           rejected if the bit-wise logical-AND of x with
           the value of the corresponding instance of the
           ppvpn2547RouteMask object is not equal to x."
      ::= { ppvpn2547RouteEntry 3 }

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   ppvpn2547RouteDestAddrType  OBJECT-TYPE
      SYNTAX        InetAddressType
      STATUS        current
      DESCRIPTION
          "The address type of the ppvpn2547RouteDest
           entry."
      ::= { ppvpn2547RouteEntry 4 }

   ppvpn2547RouteMask  OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX        InetAddress
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
           "Indicate the mask to be logical-ANDed with the
           destination  address  before  being compared to
           the value  in  the  ppvpn2547RouteDest field.
           For those  systems  that  do  not support
           arbitrary subnet masks, an agent constructs the
           value of the ppvpn2547RouteMask by reference
           to the IP Address Class.
           Any assignment (implicit or otherwise) of an
           instance of this object to a value x must be
           rejected if the bit-wise logical-AND of x with
           the value of the corresponding instance of the
           ppvpn2547RouteDest object is not equal to
           ppvpn2547RouteDest."
       ::= { ppvpn2547RouteEntry 5 }

   ppvpn2547RouteMaskAddrType  OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX        InetAddressType
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
           "The address type of ppvpn2547RouteMask."
       ::= { ppvpn2547RouteEntry 6 }

   ppvpn2547RouteTos  OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX        Unsigned32
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
          "The IP TOS Field is used to specify the policy to
          be applied to this route.  The encoding of IP TOS
          is as specified  by  the  following convention.
          Zero indicates the default path if no more
          specific policy applies.

          +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
          |                 |                       |     |
          |   PRECEDENCE    |    TYPE OF SERVICE    |  0  |
          |                 |                       |     |
          +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+

                     IP TOS                IP TOS
                Field     Policy      Field     Policy

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                Contents    Code      Contents    Code
                0 0 0 0  ==>   0      0 0 0 1  ==>   2
                0 0 1 0  ==>   4      0 0 1 1  ==>   6
                0 1 0 0  ==>   8      0 1 0 1  ==>  10
                0 1 1 0  ==>  12      0 1 1 1  ==>  14
                1 0 0 0  ==>  16      1 0 0 1  ==>  18
                1 0 1 0  ==>  20      1 0 1 1  ==>  22
                1 1 0 0  ==>  24      1 1 0 1  ==>  26
                1 1 1 0  ==>  28      1 1 1 1  ==>  30."
       ::= { ppvpn2547RouteEntry 7 }

   ppvpn2547RouteNextHop  OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX        InetAddress
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
           "On remote routes, the address of the next
           system en route; Otherwise, 0.0.0.0. ."
       ::= { ppvpn2547RouteEntry 8 }

   ppvpn2547RouteNextHopAddrType  OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX        InetAddressType
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
           "The address type of the ppvpn2547RouteNextHopAddrType
           object."
       ::= { ppvpn2547RouteEntry 9 }

   ppvpn2547RouteIfIndex  OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX        InterfaceIndexOrZero
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
           "The ifIndex value that identifies the local
           interface  through  which  the next hop of this
           route should be reached. If this value is set to 0,
           this indicates that no interface is associated with
           this route."
       ::= { ppvpn2547RouteEntry 10 }

   ppvpn2547RouteType  OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX  INTEGER { other  (1), -- not specified
                         reject (2), -- route to discard traffic
                         local  (3), -- local interface
                         remote (4)  -- remote destination
                       }
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
           "The type of route.  Note that local(3)  refers
           to a route for which the next hop is the final
           destination; remote(4) refers to a route for
           that the next  hop is not the final destination.
           Routes which do not result in traffic forwarding or
           rejection should not be displayed even if the
           implementation keeps them stored internally.

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           Reject (2) refers to a route which, if matched,
           discards the message as unreachable. This is used
           in some protocols as a means of correctly aggregating
           routes."
      ::= { ppvpn2547RouteEntry 11 }

   ppvpn2547RouteProto  OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX INTEGER { other     (1),  -- not specified
                        local     (2),  -- local interface
                        netmgmt   (3),  -- static route
                        icmp      (4),  -- result of ICMP Redirect

                        -- the following are all dynamic
                        -- routing protocols

                        egp        (5),  -- Exterior Gateway Protocol
                        ggp        (6),  -- Gateway-Gateway Protocol
                        hello      (7),  -- FuzzBall HelloSpeak
                        rip        (8),  -- Berkeley RIP or RIP-II
                        isIs       (9),  -- Dual IS-IS
                        esIs       (10), -- ISO 9542
                        ciscoIgrp  (11), -- Cisco IGRP
                        bbnSpfIgp  (12), -- BBN SPF IGP
                        ospf       (13), -- Open Shortest Path First
                        bgp        (14), -- Border Gateway Protocol
                        idpr       (15), -- InterDomain Policy Routing
                        ciscoEigrp (16)  -- Cisco EIGRP
                      }
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
           "The routing mechanism via which this route was
           learned.  Inclusion of values for gateway rout-
           ing protocols is not  intended  to  imply  that
           hosts should support those protocols."
       ::= { ppvpn2547RouteEntry 12 }

   ppvpn2547RouteInfo               OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX        OBJECT IDENTIFIER
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
           "A reference to MIB definitions specific to the
           particular routing protocol which is responsi-
           ble for this route, as determined by the  value
           specified  in the route's ppvpn2547RouteProto
           value. If this information is not present, its
           value SHOULD be set to the OBJECT IDENTIFIER
           { 0 0 }, which is a syntactically valid object
           identif-ier, and any implementation conforming
           to ASN.1 and the Basic Encoding Rules must be
           able to generate and recognize this value."
       ::= { ppvpn2547RouteEntry 13 }

   ppvpn2547RouteNextHopAS          OBJECT-TYPE

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       SYNTAX        Unsigned32
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
           "The Autonomous System Number of the Next Hop.
           The semantics of this object are determined by
           the routing-protocol specified in the route's
           ppvpn2547RouteProto value. When this object is
           unknown or not relevant its value should be set
           to zero."
       ::= { ppvpn2547RouteEntry 14 }

   ppvpn2547RouteMetric1  OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX        Integer32
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
           "The primary routing metric for this route.
           The semantics of this metric are determined by
           the routing-protocol specified in  the  route's
           ppvpn2547RouteProto value. If this metric is not
           used, its value should be set to -1."
       ::= { ppvpn2547RouteEntry 15 }

   ppvpn2547RouteMetric2  OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX        Integer32
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
           "An alternate routing metric for this route.
           The semantics of this metric are determined by
           the routing-protocol specified in  the  route's
           ppvpn2547RouteProto value. If this metric is not
           used, its value should be set to -1."
       ::= { ppvpn2547RouteEntry 16 }

   ppvpn2547RouteMetric3  OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX        Integer32
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
           "An alternate routing metric for this route.
           The semantics of this metric are determined by
           the routing-protocol specified in  the  route's
           ppvpn2547RouteProto value. If this metric is not
           used, its value should be set to -1."
       ::= { ppvpn2547RouteEntry 17 }

   ppvpn2547RouteMetric4  OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX        Integer32
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
           "An alternate routing metric for this route.
           The semantics of this metric are determined by
           the routing-protocol specified in  the  route's
           ppvpn2547RouteProto value. If this metric is not
           used, its value should be set to -1."

El Mghazli                                                     [Page 27]


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       ::= { ppvpn2547RouteEntry 18 }

   ppvpn2547RouteMetric5  OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX        Integer32
       STATUS        current
       DESCRIPTION
           "An alternate routing metric for this route.
           The semantics of this metric are determined by
           the routing-protocol specified in  the  route's
           ppvpn2547RouteProto value. If this metric is not
           used, its value should be set to -1."
       ::= { ppvpn2547RouteEntry 19 }


-- BGP/MPLS VPN Feedback Classes

--
-- BGP/MPLS VPN Route Count Usage Table
--

   ppvpn2547RouteCountUsageTable OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX       SEQUENCE OF Ppvpn2547RouteCountUsageEntry
       PIB-ACCESS   report-only
       STATUS       current
       DESCRIPTION
          "This class defines the usage attributes that the PEP is to
           monitor for VRFs. All routes hold by the VRF are counted. It
           also contains the PRID of the linkage instance associating
           the selection criteria with the usage instance."
       ::= { ppvpn2547FeedbackClasses 1 }

   ppvpn2547RouteCountUsageEntry OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX       Ppvpn2547RouteCountUsageEntry
       STATUS       current
       DESCRIPTION
          "Defines the attributes the PEP is to monitor, record and
           report."
       PIB-INDEX {  ppvpn2547RouteCountUsagePrid }
       UNIQUENESS { ppvpn2547RouteCountUsageLinkRefId }
       ::= { ppvpn2547RouteCountUsageTable 1 }

   ppvpn2547RouteCountUsageEntry ::= SEQUENCE  {
       ppvpn2547RouteCountUsagePrid        InstanceId,
       ppvpn2547RouteCountUsageLinkRefId   ReferenceId,
       ppvpn2547RouteCountUsageCount       Counter32
   }

   ppvpn2547RouteCountUsagePrid OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX       InstanceId
       STATUS       current
       DESCRIPTION
          "An arbitrary integer index that uniquely identifies an
           instance of the class."

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       ::= { ppvpn2547RouteCountUsageEntry 1 }

   ppvpn2547RouteCountUsageLinkRefId OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX       ReferenceId
       PIB-REFERENCES { frwkFeedBackLinkEntry }
       STATUS       current
       DESCRIPTION
          "The ReferenceId of the Linkage Policy instance used to base
           this usage policy instance upon."
       ::= { ppvpn2547RouteCountUsageEntry 2 }

   ppvpn2547RouteCountUsageCount OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX       Counter32
       STATUS       current
       DESCRIPTION
          "The count of Routes hold by the assocuiated VRF during the
           reporting interval."
       ::= { ppvpn2547RouteCountUsageEntry 3 }


--
-- BGP/MPLS VPN Label Count Usage Table
--

   ppvpn2547LabelCountUsageTable OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX       SEQUENCE OF Ppvpn2547LabelCountUsageEntry
       PIB-ACCESS   report-only
       STATUS       current
       DESCRIPTION
          "This class defines the usage attributes that the PEP is to
           monitor for VRFs. All labels illegally received by the VRF
           are counted. It also contains the PRID of the linkage
           instance associating the selection criteria with the usage
           instance."
       ::= { ppvpn2547FeedbackClasses 2 }

   ppvpn2547LabelCountUsageEntry OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX       Ppvpn2547LabelCountUsageEntry
       STATUS       current
       DESCRIPTION
          "Defines the attributes the PEP is to monitor, record and
           report."
       PIB-INDEX {  ppvpn2547LabelCountUsagePrid }
       UNIQUENESS { ppvpn2547LabelCountUsageLinkRefId }
       ::= { ppvpn2547LabelCountUsageTable 1 }

   ppvpn2547LabelCountUsageEntry ::= SEQUENCE  {
       ppvpn2547LabelCountUsagePrid        InstanceId,
       ppvpn2547LabelCountUsageLinkRefId   ReferenceId,
       ppvpn2547LabelCountUsageCount       Counter32
   }

   ppvpn2547LabelCountUsagePrid OBJECT-TYPE

El Mghazli                                                     [Page 29]


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       SYNTAX       InstanceId
       STATUS       current
       DESCRIPTION
          "An arbitrary integer index that uniquely identifies an
           instance of the class."
       ::= { ppvpn2547LabelCountUsageEntry 1 }

   ppvpn2547LabelCountUsageLinkRefId OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX       ReferenceId
       PIB-REFERENCES { frwkFeedBackLinkEntry }
       STATUS       current
       DESCRIPTION
          "The ReferenceId of the Linkage Policy instance used to base
           this usage policy instance upon."
       ::= { ppvpn2547LabelCountUsageEntry 2 }

   ppvpn2547LabelCountUsageCount OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX       Counter32
       STATUS       current
       DESCRIPTION
          "The count of labels illegally received by the assocuiated VRF
           during the reporting interval."
       ::= { ppvpn2547LabelCountUsageEntry 3 }

--
-- BGP/MPLS VPN Threshold Table
--

   ppvpn2547ThresholdTable OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX       SEQUENCE OF Ppvpn2547ThresholdEntry
       PIB-ACCESS   install
       STATUS       current
       DESCRIPTION
          "This class defines the threshold attributes corresponding to
           usage attributes specified in the
           ppvpn2547RouteCountUsageTable and
           ppvpn2547LabelCountUsageTable classes."
       ::= { ppvpn2547FeedbackClasses 3 }

   ppvpn2547ThresholdEntry OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX       Ppvpn2547ThresholdEntry
       STATUS       current
       DESCRIPTION
          "Defines the attributes to hold thershold values."
       PIB-INDEX { ppvpn2547ThresholdPrid }
       ::= { ppvpn2547ThresholdTable 1 }

   ppvpn2547ThresholdEntry ::= SEQUENCE  {
       ppvpn2547ThresholdPrid    InstanceId,
       ppvpn2547ThresholdThresh  Unsigned32
   }

   ppvpn2547ThresholdPrid OBJECT-TYPE

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       SYNTAX       InstanceId
       STATUS       current
       DESCRIPTION
          "An arbitrary integer index that uniquely identifies an
           instance of the class."
       ::= { ppvpn2547ThresholdEntry 1 }

   ppvpn2547ThresholdThresh OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX       Unsigned32
       STATUS       current
       DESCRIPTION
          "The threshold, in terms of number of routes or labels, that
           must be exceeded to trigger a report in the next reporting
           interval."
       ::= { ppvpn2547ThresholdEntry 2 }

--
-- BGP/MPLS VPN VRF Selection Table
--

   ppvpn2547VrfSelectionTable OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX       SEQUENCE OF Ppvpn2547VrfSelectionEntry
       PIB-ACCESS   install
       STATUS       current
       DESCRIPTION
          "This class defines a selection criteria that identifies a
           specific VRF to collect usage information from."
       ::= { ppvpn2547FeedbackClasses 4 }

   ppvpn2547VrfSelectionEntry OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX       Ppvpn2547VrfSelectionEntry
       STATUS       current
       DESCRIPTION
          " Defines the attributes of the selection criteria identifying
            a specific policy where to monitor the associated usage."
       PIB-INDEX { ppvpn2547VrfSelectionPrid }
       UNIQUENESS { ppvpn2547VrfSelectionVrf }
       ::= { ppvpn2547VrfSelectionTable 1 }

   ppvpn2547VrfSelectionEntry ::= SEQUENCE  {
       ppvpn2547VrfSelectionPrid    InstanceId,
       ppvpn2547VrfSelectionId      ReferenceId
   }

   ppvpn2547VrfSelectionPrid OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX       InstanceId
       STATUS       current
       DESCRIPTION
          "An arbitrary integer index that uniquely identifies an
           instance of the class."
       ::= { ppvpn2547VrfSelectionEntry 1 }

   ppvpn2547VrfSelectionId OBJECT-TYPE

El Mghazli                                                     [Page 31]


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       SYNTAX       ReferenceId
       PIB-REFERENCES { ppvpn2547VrfEntry }
       STATUS       current
       DESCRIPTION
          "The Prid of the VRF that one wants to collect usage
           information from."
       ::= { ppvpn2547VrfSelectionEntry 2 }




   -- Conformance Section

   ppvpn2547PibCompliances
       OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { ppvpn2547PibConformance 1 }
   ppvpn2547PibGroups
       OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { ppvpn2547PibConformance 2 }

   ppvpn2547PibCompliance MODULE-COMPLIANCE
       STATUS  current
       DESCRIPTION
               "Describes the requirements for conformance to the
               PPVPN BGP/MPLS VPN Policy PIB."

       MODULE  -- this module
           MANDATORY-GROUPS {
               ppvpn2547PibVrfGroup,
               ppvpn2547PibRouteTargetGroup,
               ppvpn2547PibIfGroup,
               ppvpn2547PibBgpPeerGroup,
               ppvpn2547PibRouteGroup,
               ppvpn2547PibRouteCountUsageGroup,
               ppvpn2547PibLabelCountUsageGroup,
               ppvpn2547PibThresholdGroup,
               ppvpn2547PibVrfSelectionGroup
           }
       ::= { ppvpn2547PibCompliances 1 }

   ppvpn2547PibVrfGroup OBJECT-GROUP
       OBJECTS { ppvpn2547VrfRoles,
                 ppvpn2547VrfIfName,
                 ppvpn2547VrfId,
                 ppvpn2547VrfDescription,
                 ppvpn2547VrfRD,
                 ppvpn2547VrfMaxRoutes
       }
       STATUS current
       DESCRIPTION
          "The VRF Group defines the PIB Objects that describe a VRF."
       ::= { ppvpn2547PibGroups 1 }

   ppvpn2547PibRouteTargetGroup OBJECT-GROUP
       OBJECTS { ppvpn2547RouteTargetType,

El Mghazli                                                     [Page 32]


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                 ppvpn2547RouteTargetVrfId,
                 ppvpn2547RouteTargetRT,
                 ppvpn2547RouteTargetDescr
       }
       STATUS current
       DESCRIPTION
          "The Route Target Group defines the PIB Objects  that describe
          a Route Target."
       ::= { ppvpn2547PibGroups 2 }

   ppvpn2547PibIfGroup OBJECT-GROUP
       OBJECTS { ppvpn2547IfIndex,
                 ppvpn2547IfVpnClassification,
                 ppvpn2547IfRouteDistProtocol
       }
       STATUS current
       DESCRIPTION
          "The Interface Group defines  the  PIB  Objects  that
          describe a Interface."
       ::= { ppvpn2547PibGroups 3 }

   ppvpn2547PibBgpPeerGroup OBJECT-GROUP
       OBJECTS { ppvpn2547BgpPeerVrfId,
                 ppvpn2547BgpPeerRole,
                 ppvpn2547BgpPeerAddrType,
                 ppvpn2547BgpPeerAddr
       }
       STATUS current
       DESCRIPTION
          "The BGP Peer Group defines  the  PIB  Objects  that
          describe a BGP Peer."
       ::= { ppvpn2547PibGroups 4 }

   ppvpn2547PibRouteGroup OBJECT-GROUP
       OBJECTS { ppvpn2547RouteVrfId,
                 ppvpn2547RouteDest,
                 ppvpn2547RouteDestAddrType,
                 ppvpn2547RouteMask,
                 ppvpn2547RouteMaskAddrType,
                 ppvpn2547RouteTos,
                 ppvpn2547RouteNextHop,
                 ppvpn2547RouteNextHopAddrType,
                 ppvpn2547RouteIfIndex,
                 ppvpn2547RouteType,
                 ppvpn2547RouteProto,
                 ppvpn2547RouteAge,
                 ppvpn2547RouteInfo,
                 ppvpn2547RouteNextHopAS,
                 ppvpn2547RouteMetric1,
                 ppvpn2547RouteMetric2,
                 ppvpn2547RouteMetric3,
                 ppvpn2547RouteMetric4,
                 ppvpn2547RouteMetric5

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       }
       STATUS current
       DESCRIPTION
          "The Route Group defines the PIB Objects that
          describe a Route."
       ::= { ppvpn2547PibGroups 5 }

   ppvpn2547PibRouteCountUsageGroup OBJECT-GROUP
       OBJECTS { ppvpn2547RouteCountUsageLinkRefId,
                 ppvpn2547RouteCountUsageCount
       }
       STATUS current
       DESCRIPTION
          "The Route Count Usage Group defines the PIB Objects that
           describe a Route Count Usage class."
       ::= { ppvpn2547PibGroups 6 }

   ppvpn2547PibLabelCountUsageGroup OBJECT-GROUP
       OBJECTS { ppvpn2547LabelCountUsageLinkRefId,
                 ppvpn2547LabelCountUsageCount
       }
       STATUS current
       DESCRIPTION
          "The Label Count Usage Group defines the PIB Objects that
           describe a Label Count Usage class."
       ::= { ppvpn2547PibGroups 7 }

   ppvpn2547PibThresholdGroup OBJECT-GROUP
       OBJECTS { ppvpn2547ThresholdThresh }
       STATUS current
       DESCRIPTION
          "The Threshold Group defines the PIB Objects that
           describe a Threshold class."
       ::= { ppvpn2547PibGroups 8 }

   ppvpn2547PibVrfSelectionGroup  OBJECT-GROUP
       OBJECTS { ppvpn2547VrfSelectionId }
       STATUS current
       DESCRIPTION
          "The VRF Selection Group defines the PIB Objects that
           describe a VRF Selection class."
       ::= { ppvpn2547PibGroups 9 }

END


9. Acknowledgments

   This PIB builds on all the work that has gone into the BGP/MPLS VPN
   Management Information Base [MPLS-VPN-MIB].

   Special thanks also to Jeremy De Clercq for his help and advices.


El Mghazli                                                     [Page 34]


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10. Subject Category Considerations

   The numbering space used for the BGP/MPLS VPN PIB, as indicated by
   the SUBJECT-CATEGORIES clause, will be assigned by the Internet
   Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). Notice the numbering space used by
   SUBJECT-CATEGORIES maps to the Client Type numbering space in [COPS-
   PR]. This relationship is detailed in section 7.1 of [SPPI]. Due
   to the fact that Client Type value of 1 has already been used by
   [COPS-RSVP], the numbering space for SUBJECT-CATEGORIES will need to
   start with the value of 2.

   Other PIB Modules may use the same SUBJECT-CATEGORIES as this
   BGP/MPLS VPN PIB Module. In such situations, PRC numbering space
   under a specific SUBJECT-CATEGORIES should be coordinated with
   existing PIB Modules using the same SUBJECT-CATEGORIES.


11. Security Considerations

   The information contained in a PIB when transported by the COPS
   protocol [COPS-PR] may be sensitive, and its function of
   provisioning a PEP requires that only authorized communication take
   place.  The use of IPSEC between PDP and PEP, as described in
   [COPS], provides the necessary protection against these threats.


12. Intellectual Property Considerations

   The IETF is being notified of intellectual property rights claimed
   in regard to some or all of the specification contained in this
   document. For more information consult the online list of claimed
   rights.


13. IANA Considerations

   This document standardizes a Policy Information Base (PIB) module,
   requesting an IANA assigned PIB number.


14. Authors' Addresses

        Yacine El Mghazli
        Alcatel
        Route de Nozay
        F-91460 Marcoussis - FRANCE
        Phone: +33 1 69 63 41 87
        Email: yacine.el_mghazli@alcatel.fr


15. References


El Mghazli                                                     [Page 35]


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   [2547bis]
          Rosen, E., Rekhter, Y., Bogovic, T., Brannon, S., Carugi, M.,
          Chase, C., Chung, T., De Clercq, J., Dean, E., Hitchin, P.,
          Leelanivas, M., Marshall, D., Martini, L., Srinivasan, V.,
          Vedrenne, A., "BGP/MPLS VPNs",
          Internet Draft <draft-rosen-rfc2547bis-03.txt>, February 2001.

   [MPLSArch]
          Rosen, E., Viswanathan, A., and R. Callon,
          "Multiprotocol Label Switching Architecture",
          RFC3031, January 2001.

   [VPN-RFC2685]
          Fox B., et al, "Virtual Private Networks Identifier",
          RFC 2685, September 1999.

   [LSR-MIB]
          Srinivasan, C., Viswanathan, A. and T. Nadeau,
          "MPLS Label Switch Router Management Information
          Base Using SMIv2", Internet Draft
          <draft-ietf-mpls-lsr-mib-07.txt>, January 2001.

   [TE-MIB]
          Srinivasan, C., Viswanathan, A. and T. Nadeau,
          "MPLS Traffic Engineering Management Information
          Base Using SMIv2", Internet Draft
          <draft-ietf-mpls-te-mib-06.txt>, March 2001.

   [FTN-MIB]
          T. Nadeau, C. Srinivasan, A. Viswanathan, "Multiprotocol
          Label Switching (MPLS) FEC-To-NHLFE (FTN) Management
          Information Base", draft-ietf-mpls-ftn-mib-04.txt, January
          2002.

   [MPLS-VPN-MIB]
          Nadeau, T., Fang, L. Chiussi, F., Dube, J., Tatham, M and
          H. van der Linde, "MPLS/BGP Virtual Private Network Management
          Information Base Using SMIv2", Internet Draft <draft-ietf-
          ppvpn-mpls-vpn-mib-04.txt>, February 2002.

   [BGP-ORF]
          Chen, Rekhter, "Cooperative Route Filtering Capability for
          BGP-4", November 2001, work in progress.

   [BGP4-MIB]
          J. Haas, S. Hares, S. Willis, J. Burruss, J. Chu,
          "Definitions of Managed Objects for the Fourth Version of
           Border Gateway Protocol (BGP-4)", draft-ietf-idr-bgp4-mib-
           09.txt, March 2002.

   [COPS]
          Boyle, J., Cohen, R., Durham, D., Herzog, S., Rajan, R., and
          A. Sastry, "The COPS (Common Open Policy Service) Protocol"

El Mghazli                                                     [Page 36]


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          RFC 2748, January 2000.

   [COPS-PR]
          K. Chan, D. Durham, S. Gai, S. Herzog, K. McCloghrie,
          F. Reichmeyer, J. Seligson, A. Smith, R. Yavatkar,
          "COPS Usage for Policy Provisioning,", RFC 3084, March 2001

   [COPS-PPVPN]
          Y. El Mghazli, "A COPS client-type for layer 3 PPVPN", work
          in progress.

   [SPPI]
          K. McCloghrie, M. Fine, J. Seligson, K. Chan, S. Hahn,
          R. Sahita, A. Smith, F. Reichmeyer, "Structure of Policy
          Provisioning Information",
          RFC 3159,August 2001.

   [FR-PIB]
          M. Fine, K. McCloghrie, J. Seligson, K. Chan, S. Hahn,
          R. Sahita, A. Smith, F. Reichmeyer, "Framework Policy
          Information Base", Internet Draft <draft-ietf-rap-
          frameworkpib-09.txt>, June 2002.

   [RAP-FRWK]
          R. Yavatkar, D. Pendarakis, "A Framework for
          Policy-based Admission Control", RFC 2753, January 2000.

   [FEED-PIB]
          D. Rawlins, A. Kulkarni, K.H. Chan, M. Bokaemper, D. Dutt,
          "Framework of COPS-PR Policy Information base Usage Feedback",
          Internet Draft <draft-ietf-rap-feedback-fr-pib-02.txt>, March
          2002.

   [FEED-FRWK]
          D. Rawlins, A. Kulkarni, "Framework of COPS-PR Policy Usage
          Feedback", Internet Draft <draft-ietf-rap-feedback-frwk-
          02.txt>, March 2002.

   [SNMP-SMI]
          K. McCloghrie, D. Perkins, J. Schoenwaelder, J. Case,
          M. Rose and S. Waldbusser, "Structure of Management
          Information Version 2 (SMIv2)", STD 58, RFC 2578, April 1999.

   [IFMIB]
          K. McCloghrie, F. Kastenholz, "The Interfaces Group MIB using
          SMIv2", RFC 2233, November 1997.

   [INETADDRESS]
          Daniele, M., Haberman, B., Routhier, S., Schoenwaelder, J.,
          "Textual Conventions for Internet Network Addresses.",
          RFC 2851, June 2000.

   [STD]

El Mghazli                                                     [Page 37]


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          Bradner, S., "The Internet Standards Process -- Revision 3",
          BCP 9, RFC 2026, October 1996.


17. Full Copyright

   Copyright c The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.

   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
   and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
   kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph
   are included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this
   document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
   Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
   developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
   copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
   followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
   English.
   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
   revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.

   This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
   "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
   TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
   BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
   HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
























El Mghazli                                                     [Page 38]