ISIS Working Group J. You
Internet-Draft Q. Liang
Intended status: Standards Track Huawei Technologies
Expires: August 17, 2016 K. Patel
Cisco Systems
P. Fan
Z. Li
China Mobile
February 14, 2016
IS-IS Extensions for Flow Specification
draft-you-isis-flowspec-extensions-04
Abstract
Dissemination of the Traffic flow information was first introduced in
the BGP protocol [RFC5575]. FlowSpec rules are used to distribute
traffic filtering rules that are used to filter Denial-of-Service
(DoS) attacks. For the networks that only deploy IS-IS or IS-IS
variant, it is required that IS-IS is extended to distribute Flow
Specification or FlowSpec rules.
This document discusses the use cases for distributing flow
specification (FlowSpec) routes using IS-IS. Furthermore, this
document defines a new IS-IS FlowSpec Reachability TLV encoding
format that can be used to distribute FlowSpec rules, its validation
procedures for imposing the filtering information on the routers, and
a capability to indicate the support of FlowSpec functionality.
Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
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Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on August 17, 2016.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
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the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Use Cases for IS-IS based FlowSpec Distribution . . . . . . . 3
3.1. Anti-DDOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4. IS-IS Extensions for FlowSpec Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4.1. FlowSpec Filters sub-TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.1.1. Order of Traffic Filtering Rules . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.1.2. Validation Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.2. FlowSpec Action sub-TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.2.1. Traffic-rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.2.2. Traffic-action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.2.3. Traffic-marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.2.4. Redirect-to-IP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5. Redistribution of FlowSpec Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6.1. FlowSpec Reachability TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6.2. FlowSpec Filters sub-TLVs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6.3. FlowSpec Filter Component Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6.4. FlowSpec Action sub-TLVs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
8. Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
9.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
9.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
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Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1. Introduction
[RFC5575] defines Border Gateway Protocol protocol extensions that
can be used to distribute traffic flow specifications. One
application of this encoding format is to automate inter-domain
coordination of traffic filtering, such as what is required in order
to mitigate (distributed) denial-of-service attacks.
For the networks deploying only IS-IS or IS-IS variant, it is
expected to extend IS-IS to distribute FlowSpec rules. This document
discusses the use cases for distributing FlowSpec rules using IS-IS.
Furthermore, this document also defines a new IS-IS FlowSpec
Reachability TLV encoding format that can be used to distribute
FlowSpec entries to the specific routers in the campus network, its
validation procedures for imposing the filtering information on the
routers, and a capability to indicate the support of FlowSpec
functionality.
The semantic content of the FlowSpec extensions defined in this
document are identical to the corresponding extensions to BGP
([RFC5575] and [I-D.ietf-idr-flow-spec-v6]). In order to avoid
repetition, this document only concentrates on those parts of
specification where IS-IS is different from BGP. The IS-IS FlowSpec
extensions defined in this document can be used to mitigate the
impacts of DoS attacks.
2. Terminology
This section contains definitions for terms used frequently
throughout this document. However, many additional definitions can
be found in [ISO-10589] and [RFC5575].
Flow Specification (FlowSpec): A flow specification is an n-tuple
consisting of several matching criteria that can be applied to IP
traffic. Each FlowSpec consists of a set of filters and a set of
actions.
3. Use Cases for IS-IS based FlowSpec Distribution
3.1. Anti-DDOS
For the networks using IS-IS or IS-IS variant, for example, the
campus network or DC network, it is expected to extend IS-IS to
distribute FlowSpec rules as shown in Figure 1. In this network, the
traffic analyzer could be deployed to inject the FlowSpec rules into
Router A. Router A creates FlowSpec entries according to the
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FlowSpec rules, then the FlowSpec entries would be distributed to the
other routers in this domain using IS-IS. Consequently, the attack
traffic could be blocked or the suspicious traffic could be limited
to a low rate as early as possible.
+--------+
|Traffic |
+---+Analyzer|
| +--------+
|
|FlowSpec
|
|
+--+-------+ +----------+ +--------+
| Router A +-----------+ Router B +--------+Attacker|
+----------+ +----------+ +--------+
| | |
| IS-IS FlowSpec | Attack Traffic |
| | |
Figure 1: Anti-DDOS in IS-IS Network
4. IS-IS Extensions for FlowSpec Rules
This document defines a new IS-IS TLV, i.e. the FlowSpec reachability
TLV (TLV type: TBD1), to describe the FlowSpec rules. An LSP (Link
State Protocol) Data Unit [ISO-10589] can carry one or more FlowSpec
reachability TLVs.
Each FlowSpec Reachability TLV carries a FlowSpec entry. The
FlowSpec entry consists of a FlowSpec Filters sub-TLV and one or more
corresponding FlowSpec Action sub-TLVs.
The FlowSpec Reachability TLV is defined below in Figure 2:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type (TBD1) | Length | Flags |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| FlowSpec Entry (variable) |
+ +
~ ~
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 2: FlowSpec Reachability TLV
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Type: 1 octet. Type code is TBD1.
Length: 1 octet. The length field defines the length of the value
portion in octets (thus a TLV with no value portion would have a
length of 0).
Value: variable. The value field contains a "Flags" field and a
FlowSpec entry, which consists of a FlowSpec filters sub-TLV and
one or more corresponding FlowSpec action sub-TLVs. The size of
the FlowSpec entry cannot be greater than 253. In most scenarios,
using one FlowSpec entry is sufficient. If the injected FlowSpec
rule is too complex that the IS-IS router has to use more than 253
octets to encode it into a FlowSpec entry, the IS-IS router should
reject it. It is strongly recommended that the FlowSpec rule
provider should split or revise the complex FlowSpec rule to a
suitable one for the IS-IS routers.
Flags: One octet Field identifying Flags
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Reserved |L|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
The least significant bit L is defined as a Leaking enable bit.
If set, the FlowSpec Reachability TLV SHOULD be flooded across the
entire routing domain. If the L flag is not set, the FlowSpec
Reachability TLV MUST NOT be leaked between levels. This bit MUST
NOT be altered during the TLV leaking. This Flags may be modified
by the IS-IS Speaker according to a local policy.
4.1. FlowSpec Filters sub-TLV
IS-IS FlowSpec filters sub-TLV is one component of FlowSpec entry,
carried in the FlowSpec reachability TLV. It is defined below in
Figure 3.
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0 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Flags | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +
~ Filters (variable) ~
+ +
| ... |
Figure 3: IS-IS FlowSpec Filters sub-TLV
Type: the TLV type (Type Code: TBD2 for IPv4 FlowSpec filters, TBD3
for IPv6 FlowSpec filters)
Length: the size of the value field in octets, it cannot be greater
than 253.
Flags: One octet Field identifying Flags
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Reserved |S|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
The least significant bit S is defined as a strict filter check bit.
If set, strict validation rules outlined in the validation section
Section 4.1.2 need to be enforced.
Filters: the same as "flow-spec filter components" defined in
[RFC5575] and [I-D.ietf-idr-flow-spec-v6].
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Table 1: IS-IS Supported FlowSpec Filter Component Types
+------+------------------------+------------------------------+
| Type | Description | RFC/ WG draft |
+------+------------------------+------------------------------+
| 1 | Destination IPv4 Prefix| RFC5575 |
| | Destination IPv6 Prefix| I-D.ietf-idr-flow-spec-v6 |
+------+------------------------+------------------------------+
| 2 | Source IPv4 Prefix | RFC5575 |
| | Source IPv6 Prefix | I-D.ietf-idr-flow-spec-v6 |
+------+------------------------+------------------------------+
| 3 | IP Protocol | RFC5575 |
| | Next Header | I-D.ietf-idr-flow-spec-v6 |
+------+------------------------+------------------------------+
| 4 | Port | RFC5575 |
+------+------------------------+------------------------------+
| 5 | Destination port | RFC5575 |
+------+------------------------+------------------------------+
| 6 | Source port | RFC5575 |
+------+------------------------+------------------------------+
| 7 | ICMP type | RFC5575 |
+------+------------------------+------------------------------+
| 8 | ICMP code | RFC5575 |
+------+------------------------+------------------------------+
| 9 | TCP flags | RFC5575 |
+------+------------------------+------------------------------+
| 10 | Packet length | RFC5575 |
+------+------------------------+------------------------------+
| 11 | DSCP | RFC5575 |
+------+------------------------+------------------------------+
| 12 | Fragment | RFC5575 |
+------+------------------------+------------------------------+
| 13 | Flow Label | I-D.ietf-idr-flow-spec-v6 |
+------+------------------------+------------------------------+
4.1.1. Order of Traffic Filtering Rules
With traffic filtering rules, more than one rule may match a
particular traffic flow. The order of applying the traffic filter
rules is the same as described in Section 5.1 of [RFC5575] and in
Section 3.1 of [I-D.ietf-idr-flow-spec-v6].
4.1.2. Validation Procedure
[RFC5575] defines a validation procedure for BGP FlowSpec rules, and
[I-D.ietf-idr-bgp-flowspec-oid] describes a modification to the
validation procedure defined in [RFC5575] for the dissemination of
BGP flow specifications. The IS-IS FlowSpec should support similar
features to mitigate the unnecessary or invalid application of
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traffic filter rules. The IS-IS FlowSpec validation procedure is
described as follows.
When a router receives a FlowSpec rule including a destination prefix
filter from its neighbor router, it should consider the prefix filter
as a valid filter unless the S bit in the flags field of Filter TLV
is set. If the S bit is set, then the FlowSpec rule is considered
valid if and only if:
The originator of the FlowSpec rule matches the originator of the
best-match unicast route for the destination prefix embedded in
the FlowSpec.
The former rule allows any centralized controller to originate the
prefix filter and advertise it within a given IS-IS network. The
latter rule, also known as a Strict Validation rule, allows strict
checking and enforces that the originator of the FlowSpec filter is
also the originator of the destination prefix.
When multiple equal-cost paths exist in the routing table entry, each
path could end up having a separate set of FlowSpec rules.
When a router receives a FlowSpec rule not including a destination
prefix filter from its neighbor router, the validation procedure
described above is not applicable.
The FlowSpec filter validation state is used by an IS-IS speaker when
the filter is considered for an installation in its FIB. An IS-IS
speaker MUST flood IS-IS LSP containing a FlowSpec Reachability TLV
as per the entries defined in [ISO-10589] regardless of the
validation state of the prefix filters.
4.2. FlowSpec Action sub-TLV
There are one or more FlowSpec Action TLVs associated with a FlowSpec
Filters TLV. Different FlowSpec Filters TLV could have the same
FlowSpec Action TLVs. The following IS-IS FlowSpec action TLVs,
except Redirect, are same as defined in [RFC5575].
Redirect: IPv4 or IPv6 address. This target IP address MUST
correspond to a tunnel in the current IS-IS router, if not, the
"redirect to IP" action is invalid, and if the flowspec entry has no
other action, the flowspec entry is invalid and wouldn't be installed
. If the IS-IS router doesn't have a valid route for the target IP,
the "redirect to IP" action is also invalid.
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Table 2: BGP FlowSpec Actions
+-------+-----------------+---------------------------------------+
| type | FlowSpec Action | RFC/WG draft |
+-------+-----------------+---------------------------------------+
| 0x8006| traffic-rate | RFC5575 |
| | | |
| 0x8007| traffic-action | RFC5575 |
| | | |
| 0x8108| redirect-to-IPv4| I-D.ietf-idr-flowspec-redirect-rt-bis |
| | |
| 0x800b| redirect-to-IPv6| I-D.ietf-idr-flow-spec-v6 |
| | | |
| 0x8009| traffic-marking | RFC5575 |
+-------+-----------------+---------------------------------------+
4.2.1. Traffic-rate
Traffic-rate TLV is encoded as:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| TBD4 | 4 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Traffic-rate |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Traffic-rate: the same as defined in [RFC5575].
4.2.2. Traffic-action
Traffic-action TLV is encoded as:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| TBD5 | 2 | Reserved |S|T|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
S flag and T flag: the same as defined in [RFC5575].
4.2.3. Traffic-marking
Traffic-marking TLV is encoded as:
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0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| TBD6 | 2 | Reserved | DSCP Value|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
DSCP value: the same as defined in [RFC5575].
4.2.4. Redirect-to-IP
Redirect-to-IPv4 is encoded as:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| TBD7 | 6 | Reserved |C|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| IPv4 Address |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Redirect to IPv6 TLV is encoded as:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| TBD8 | 18 | Reserved |C|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
| IPv6 Address |
| |
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
IPv4/6 Address: the redirection target IP address.
'C' (or copy) bit: when the 'C' bit is set, the redirection applies
to copies of the matching packets and not to the original traffic
stream [I-D.ietf-idr-flowspec-redirect-ip].
5. Redistribution of FlowSpec Rules
An implementation MAY provide an option for an IS-IS speaker to
announce a redistributed FlowSpec route within an IS-IS domain
regardless of being installed in its local FIB. An implementation
MAY impose an upper bound on number of FlowSpec entries that an IS-IS
router MAY advertise.
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6. IANA Considerations
This document defines the following new IS-IS TLV types, which need
to be reflected in the IS-IS TLV codepoint registry.
6.1. FlowSpec Reachability TLV
+------+---------------------------------+-----+-----+-----+
| Type | Description | IIH | LSP | SNP |
+------+---------------------------------+-----+-----+-----+
| TBD1 | The FlowSpec Reachability TLV | n | y | n |
+------+---------------------------------+-----+-----+-----+
6.2. FlowSpec Filters sub-TLVs
+--------+--------------------------------------------+
| Type | Description |
+--------+--------------------------------------------+
| TBD2 |IPv4 FlowSpec filters sub-TLV |
+--------+--------------------------------------------+
| TBD3 |IPv6 FlowSpec filters sub-TLV |
+--------+--------------------------------------------+
6.3. FlowSpec Filter Component Types
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+------+------------------------+------------------------------+
| Type | Description | RFC/ WG draft |
+------+------------------------+------------------------------+
| 1 | Destination IPv4 Prefix| RFC5575 |
| | Destination IPv6 Prefix| I-D.ietf-idr-flow-spec-v6 |
+------+------------------------+------------------------------+
| 2 | Source IPv4 Prefix | RFC5575 |
| | Source IPv6 Prefix | I-D.ietf-idr-flow-spec-v6 |
+------+------------------------+------------------------------+
| 3 | IP Protocol | RFC5575 |
| | Next Header | I-D.ietf-idr-flow-spec-v6 |
+------+------------------------+------------------------------+
| 4 | Port | RFC5575 |
+------+------------------------+------------------------------+
| 5 | Destination port | RFC5575 |
+------+------------------------+------------------------------+
| 6 | Source port | RFC5575 |
+------+------------------------+------------------------------+
| 7 | ICMP type | RFC5575 |
+------+------------------------+------------------------------+
| 8 | ICMP code | RFC5575 |
+------+------------------------+------------------------------+
| 9 | TCP flags | RFC5575 |
+------+------------------------+------------------------------+
| 10 | Packet length | RFC5575 |
+------+------------------------+------------------------------+
| 11 | DSCP | RFC5575 |
+------+------------------------+------------------------------+
| 12 | Fragment | RFC5575 |
+------+------------------------+------------------------------+
| 13 | Flow Label | I-D.ietf-idr-flow-spec-v6 |
+------+------------------------+------------------------------+
6.4. FlowSpec Action sub-TLVs
This document defines a group of FlowSpec actions. The following TLV
types need to be assigned:
Type TBD4 - traffic-rate
Type TBD5 - traffic-action
Type TBD6 - traffic-marking
Type TBD7 - redirect to IPv4
Type TBD8 - redirect to IPv6
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7. Security Considerations
This extension to IS-IS does not change the underlying security
issues inherent in the existing IS-IS. Implementations must assure
that malformed TLV and Sub-TLV permutations do not result in errors
which cause hard IS-IS failures.
8. Acknowledgement
The authors would like to thank Jeff Haas for his useful comments.
9. References
9.1. Normative References
[ISO-10589]
ISO, "Intermediate System to Intermediate System intra-
domain routeing information exchange protocol for use in
conjunction with the protocol for providing the
connectionless-mode network service (ISO 8473)",
International Standard 10589: 2002, Second Edition, 2002.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC4360] Sangli, S., Tappan, D., and Y. Rekhter, "BGP Extended
Communities Attribute", RFC 4360, DOI 10.17487/RFC4360,
February 2006, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4360>.
[RFC5575] Marques, P., Sheth, N., Raszuk, R., Greene, B., Mauch, J.,
and D. McPherson, "Dissemination of Flow Specification
Rules", RFC 5575, DOI 10.17487/RFC5575, August 2009,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5575>.
9.2. Informative References
[I-D.ietf-idr-bgp-flowspec-oid]
Uttaro, J., Filsfils, C., Smith, D., Alcaide, J., and P.
Mohapatra, "Revised Validation Procedure for BGP Flow
Specifications", draft-ietf-idr-bgp-flowspec-oid-02 (work
in progress), January 2014.
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[I-D.ietf-idr-flow-spec-v6]
Raszuk, R., Pithawala, B., McPherson, D., and A. Andy,
"Dissemination of Flow Specification Rules for IPv6",
draft-ietf-idr-flow-spec-v6-06 (work in progress),
November 2014.
[I-D.ietf-idr-flowspec-redirect-ip]
Uttaro, J., Haas, J., Texier, M., Andy, A., Ray, S.,
Simpson, A., and W. Henderickx, "BGP Flow-Spec Redirect to
IP Action", draft-ietf-idr-flowspec-redirect-ip-02 (work
in progress), February 2015.
[I-D.ietf-idr-flowspec-redirect-rt-bis]
Haas, J., "Clarification of the Flowspec Redirect Extended
Community", draft-ietf-idr-flowspec-redirect-rt-bis-05
(work in progress), July 2015.
Authors' Addresses
Jianjie You
Huawei Technologies
101 Software Avenue, Yuhuatai District
Nanjing 210012
China
Email: youjianjie@huawei.com
Qiandeng Liang
Huawei Technologies
101 Software Avenue, Yuhuatai District
Nanjing 210012
China
Email: liangqiandeng@huawei.com
Keyur Patel
Cisco Systems
170 W. Tasman Drive
San Jose CA 95124 95134
US
Email: keyupate@cisco.com
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Peng Fan
Beijing
China
Email: peng.fan@139.com
Zhenqiang Li
China Mobile
Beijing
China
Email: li_zhenqiang@hotmail.com
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