Network Working Group                                        Fatai Zhang
Internet Draft                                                    Dan Li
Category: Standards Track                                         Huawei

Expires: January 2011                                       July 4, 2010


                   GMPLS-based Hierarchy LSP creation
                in Multi-Region and Multi-Layer Networks

                 draft-zhang-ccamp-gmpls-h-lsp-mln-00.txt


Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with
   the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
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   The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.

   This Internet-Draft will expire on January 4, 2011.



Abstract

   This specification describes the hierarchy LSP creation models in the
   Multi-Region and Multi-Layer Networks (MRN/MLN), and provides the
   extensions to the existing protocol mechanisms described in [RFC4206]
   and [RFC4206bis] to create the hierarchy LSP through multiple layer
   networks.







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Conventions used in this document

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

Table of Contents


   1. Introduction..................................................2
   2. Terminology...................................................3
   3. Provisioning of FA-LSP in Server Layer Network................3
      3.1. Selection of Switching Layers............................3
      3.2. Selection of Switching Granularity Levels................4
   4. Hierarchy LSP Creation Models.................................5
      4.1. Model 1: Pre-provisioning of FA-LSP......................6
      4.2. Model 2: Signaling trigger server layer path computation.6
      4.3. Model 3: Full path computation at source node............7
   5. Hierarchy ERO.................................................8
      5.1. Application of Hierarchy ERO.............................9
   6. Security Considerations......................................10
   7. IANA Considerations..........................................10
   8. Acknowledgments..............................................10
   9. References...................................................10
   10. Authors' Addresses..........................................12

1. Introduction

   Networks may comprise multiple layers which have different switching
   technologies or different switching granularity levels. The GMPLS
   technology is required to support control of such network.

   [RFC5212] defines the concept of MRN/MLN and describes the framework
   and requirements of GMPLS controlled MRN/MLN.

   [RFC4206] and [RFC4206bis] describe how to set up a hierarchy LSP
   passing through multi-layer network and how to advertise the
   forwarding adjacency LSP (FA-LSP) created in the server layer network
   as a TE link via GMPLS signaling and routing protocols.

   Based on these existing standards, this document further describes
   the provisioning of FA-LSP when the region nodes supporting multiple
   interface switching capabilities and the modes of hierarchy LSP
   provisioning, and then provides the extensions to the signaling
   protocol in order to set up hierarchy LSP according to the described
   modes, especially when the region edge nodes have multiple choices of



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   switching capabilities or multiple switching granularity levels for
   the FA-LSP.



2. Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

3. Provisioning of FA-LSP in Server Layer Network

3.1. Selection of Switching Layers

   As described in [RFC5212], the edge node of a region always has
   multiple Interface Switching Capabilities (ISCs), i.e., it contains
   multiple matrices which may be connected to each other by internal
   links. Nodes with multiple Interface Switching Capabilities are
   further classified as "simplex" or "hybrid" nodes by [RFC5212] and
   [RFC5339], where the simplex node advertises several TE links each
   with a single ISC value carried in its ISCD sub-TLV, while the hybrid
   node advertises a single TE link containing more than one ISCD each
   with a different ISC value. An example hybrid node with a link having
   multiple ISCs is shown in Figure 1, copied from [RFC5339].

                                  Network element
                           .............................
                           :            --------       :
                           :           |  PSC   |      :
                           :           |        |      :
                           :         --|#a      |      :
                           :        |  |   #b   |      :
                           :        |   --------       :
                           :        |       |          :
                           :        |  ----------      :
                           :    /|  | |    #c    |     :
                           :   | |--  |          |     :
                 Link1 ========| |    |    TDM   |     :
                           :   | |----|#d        |     :
                           :    \|     ----------      :
                           :............................

              Figure 1 - Hybrid node (Copied from [RFC5339])





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   It's possible that the edge node of a region is a hybrid node which
   has multiple ISCs in the server layer. In this case, the edge node is
   not aware of which server layer to create the requested FA-LSP.

   Figure 2 shows an example multi-layer network, where node B and C are
   region edge nodes having three switching matrices which support, for
   instance, PSC, TDM and WDM switching, respectively. The three
   switching matrices are connected to each other by the internal links.
   Both the link between B and E and the link between E and C support
   TDM and WDM switching capabilities.

   +-------+  +------------+                   +------------+  +-------+
   | +---+ |  |   +---+    |        FA         |    +---+   |  | +---+ |
   | |PSC+-+--+---+PSC|....|...................|....|PSC+---+--+-+PSC| |
   | +---+ |  | +-+-+-+    |                   |    +-+-+-+ |  | +---+ |
   +-------+  | |   |      |                   |      |   | |  +-------+
    Node A    | |   |      |  +-------------+  |      |   | |   Node D
              | | +-+-+    |  |    +---+    |  |    +-+-+ | |
              | | |TDM|+   |  |   +|TDM|+   |  |   +|TDM| | |
              | | +-+-+|   |  |   |+-+-+|   |  |   |+-+-+ | |
              | |   |  ||\ |  | /||  |  ||\ |  | /||  |   | |
              | |   |  +| ||  || |+  |  +| ||  || |+  |   | |
              | +-+-+-+ | |====| | +-+-+ | |====| | +-+-+-+ |
              |   |WDM|-| ||  || |-|WDM|-| ||  || |-|WDM|   |
              |   +---+ |/ |  | \| +---+ |/ |  | \| +---+   |
              +------------+  +-------------+  +------------+
                Node B            Node E            Node C

              Figure 2 - MLN with multiple ISCs at edge node

   As can be seen in Figure 2, there are two choices when providing FA
   in the PSC layer network between node B and C: one is creating FA-LSP
   with TDM switching matrix through node B, E and C, the other is
   creating FA-LSP with WDM switching matrix through node B, E and C.



3.2. Selection of Switching Granularity Levels

   Even in the case that the edge node only has one switching capability
   in the server layer, there may be still multiple choices for the
   server layer network to set up FA-LSP to provide new FA in the client
   layer network. This is because the server layer network may have the
   capability of providing different switching granularity levels for
   the FA-LSP.




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   +-------+   +---------+                       +---------+   +-------+
   | +---+ |   |  +---+  |           FA          |  +---+  |   | +---+ |
   | |PSC|-+---+--+PSC|..|.......................|..|PSC+--+---+-|PSC| |
   | +---+ |   |  +-+-+  |                       |  +-+-+  |   | +---+ |
   +-------+   |    |    | ODU1/           ODU1/ |    |    |   +-------+
    Node A     |    |    | ODU2/ +-------+ ODU2/ |    |    |    Node D
               |  +-+-+  | ODU3  | +---+ | ODU3  |  +-+-+  |
               |  |TDM+--+-------+-+TDM+-+-------+--+TDM|  |
               |  +---+  |       | +---+ |       |  +---+  |
               +---------+       +-------+       +---------+
                 Node B           Node E           Node C

     Figure 3 - MLN with multiple switching granularities at edge node

   Figure 3 shows another example multi-layer network, where the edge
   node B and C have PSC and TDM switching matrices, and where the TDM
   switching matrix supports ODU1, ODU2 and ODU3 switching levels.
   Therefore, when it needs to set up an FA between node B and C in the
   PSC layer network, either of ODU1, ODU2 or ODU3 connection (FA-LSP)
   can be created in the TDM layer network.

   The selection of server layer switching matrix and switching
   granularity is based on both policy and bandwidth resources. The
   selection can be performed by planning tool and/or NMS/PCE/VNTM
   (Virtual Network Topology Manager, see [RFC5623]) and/or the network
   node.



4. Hierarchy LSP Creation Models

   [RFC5623], the framework of PCE-based MLN, provides the models of
   cross-layer LSP path computation and creation, which are listed below:

   -  Inter-Layer Path Computation Models:

      o  Single PCE

      o  Multiple PCE with inter-PCE

      o  Multiple PCE without inter-PCE

   -  Inter-Layer Path Control:

      o  PCE-VNTM cooperation

      o  Higher-layer signaling trigger


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      o  NMS-VNTM cooperation (integrated flavor)

      o  NMS-VNTM cooperation (separate flavor)

   This session keeps align with [RFC5623] except that the restriction
   of using PCE for path computation is not necessary (i.e., other
   element, such as network node, may also have path computation
   capability).

   In this document, those models in [RFC4206] are reclassified into 3
   models on the viewpoint of signaling:

   -  Model 1: Pre-provisioning of FA-LSP

   -  Model 2: Signaling trigger server layer path computation

   -  Model 3: Full path computation at source node



4.1. Model 1: Pre-provisioning of FA-LSP

   In this model, the FA-LSP in the server layer is created before
   initiating the signaling of the client layer LSP. Two typical
   scenarios using this model are:

   -  Network planning and building at the stage of client network
      initialization.

   -  NMS/VNTM triggering the creation of FA-LSP when computing the path
      of client layer LSP. The path control models of PCE-VNTM
      cooperation and NMS-VNTM cooperation (both integrated and separate
      flavor) in [RFC5623] belong to this scenario.

   In such case, the server layer selection and server layer selection
   and path computation is performed by planning tool or NMS/PCE/VNTM or
   the edge node. The signaling of client layer LSP and server layer FA-
   LSP are separated. The normal LSP creation procedures ([RFC3471] and
   [RFC3473]) are performed for these two LSPs.



4.2. Model 2: Signaling trigger server layer path computation

   In this model, the source node of client layer LSP only computes the
   route in its layer network. When the signaling of the client layer
   LSP reaches at the region edge node, the edge node performs server


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   layer FA-LSP path computation and then creates the FA-LSP. When PCE
   is introduced to perform path computation in the multi-layer network,
   this model is the same as the model of "Higher-layer signaling
   trigger with Multiple PCE without inter-PCE" in [RFC5623].

   In such case, the edge node will receive a PATH message with a loose
   ERO indicating an FA is requested, and may perform the server layer
   selection (e.g., through the server layer PCE or the VNTM) and then
   compute and set up the path of the FA-LSP. The signaling procedure of
   client layer LSP and server layer FA-LSP is described detailedly in
   [RFC4206] and [RFC4206bis].

   It's possible that the source node of the client layer LSP selects
   the server layer when performing path computation in the client layer,
   and requests or suggests the edge node to use an appointed server
   layer to create the FA-LSP, the procedure of which is not supported
   by [RFC4206].



4.3. Model 3: Full path computation at source node

   In this model, the source node of the client layer LSP performs a
   full path computation including the client layer and the server layer
   routes. The server layer FA-LSP creation is triggered at the edge
   node by the client layer LSP signaling. When PCE is introduced to
   perform path computation in the multi-layer network, this model is
   the same as the model of "Higher-layer signaling trigger with Single
   PCE" or "Higher-layer signaling trigger with Multiple PCE with inter-
   PCE" in [RFC5623].

   In such case, the server layer selection and server layer path
   computation is performed at the source node of the client layer LSP
   (e.g., through VNTM or PCE), but not at the edge node.

   In [RFC4206], the ERO which contains the list of nodes and links
   (including the client layer and server layer) along the path is used
   in the PATH message of the client layer LSP. The edge node can find
   out the tail end of the FA-LSP based on the switching capability of
   the node using the IGP database (see session 6.2 of [RFC 4206]).

   The problem is the edge node is not aware of which switching layer or
   switching granularity to be selected for the FA-LSP because the ERO
   neither contains the selected ISC when the selected links has
   multiple ISCs, nor contains the switching granularity information.
   Therefore, the edge node may not be able to create the FA-LSP, or may
   select other switching layer or switching granularity by itself which


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   is different from the one selected previously at the source node,
   which makes the creation of hierarchy LSP out of control.



5. Hierarchy ERO

   When an ERO is used to indicate the path information of a hierarchy
   LSP, such ERO can be called Hierarchy ERO, or H-ERO.

   In order to solve the problems described in the previous sessions, a
   new sub-object named SERVER_LAYER_INFO sub-object is introduced in
   this document, which is carried in the H-ERO and is used to indicate
   which server layer to create the FA-LSP.

   The SERVER_LAYER_INFO sub-object is put immediately behind the node
   or link address sub-object, indicating the related node is a region
   edge node on the LSP in the H-ERO.



   The format of the SERVER_LAYER_INFO sub-object is shown below:

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |L|    Type     |     Length    |M|         Reserved            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   | LSP Enc. Type |Switching Type |           Reserved            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |               Traffic Parameters (Optional)                   |
   ~                                                               ~
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   -  L bit: MUST be zero and MUST be ignored when received.

   -  Type: The SERVER_LAYER_INFO sub-object has a type of xx (TBD).

   -  Length: The total length of the sub-object in bytes, including the
      Type and Length fields. The value of this field is always a
      multiple of 4.

   -  M (Mandatory) bit: When set, it means the edge node MUST set up
      the FA-LSP in the appointed server layer; otherwise, the appointed
      server layer is suggested and the edge node may select other
      server layer by local policy.



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   -  LSP Encoding Type and Switching Type: These two fields are used to
      point out which switching layer is requested to set up the FA-LSP.
      The values of these two fields are inherited from the Generalized
      Label Request in GMPLS signaling, referring to [RFC3471], [RFC3473]
      and other related standards and drafts. Note that the G-PID of the
      Server layer FA-LSP can be deduced from the type of client layer
      LSP by these two fields.

   -  Traffic Parameters: The traffic parameters field is used to
      indicate the switching granularity of the FA-LSP. The format of
      this field depends on the switching technology of the server layer
      (which can be deduced from the LSP Encoding Type and Switching
      Type fields in this sub-object) and is consistent with the
      existing standards and drafts. For example, the Traffic Parameters
      of Ethernet, SONET/SDH and OTN are defined by the [ETH-TP],
      [RFC4606] and [OTN-ctrl] respectively. Note that this field is
      optional and may not exist when there is no need to appoint the
      switching granularity, or when the switching granularity is
      determined by the edge node.





5.1. Application of Hierarchy ERO

   When a node receives a PATH message containing H-ERO and finds that
   there is a SERVER_LAYER_INFO sub-object immediately behind the node
   or link address sub-object related to itself, the node determines
   that it's a region edge node. Then, the edge node finds out the
   server layer selection information from the sub-object:

   -  Determine the switching layer by the LSP Encoding Type and
      Switching Type fields;

   -  Determine the switching granularity of the FA-LSP by the Traffic
      Parameters field, if present.

   The edge node MUST then determine the other edge of the region, i.e.,
   the tail end of the FA-LSP, with respect to the subsequence of hops
   of the H-ERO. The node that satisfies the following conditions will
   be treated as the tail end of the FA-LSP:

   -  There is a SERVER_LAYER_INFO sub-object that immediately behind
      the node or link address sub-object which is related to that node;




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   -  The LSP Encoding Type, Switching Type and the Traffic Parameters
      (if present) fields of this SERVER_LAYER_INFO sub-object is the
      same as the SERVER_LAYER_INFO sub-object corresponding to the head
      end;

   -  The node is the first one that satisfies the two conditions above
      in the subsequence of hops of the H-ERO.

   If a match of tail end is found, the head end now has the clear
   server layer information of the FA-LSP and then initiates an RSVP-TE
   session to create the FA-LSP in the appointed server layer between
   the head end and the tail end.





6. Security Considerations

   TBD.

7. IANA Considerations

   TBD.

8. Acknowledgments

   TBD.



9. References

   [RFC2119]   Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
               Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC3945]   Mannie, E., "Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching
               (GMPLS) Architecture", RFC 3945, October 2004.

   [RFC3209]   D. Awduche et al, "RSVP-TE: Extensions to RSVP for LSP
               Tunnels", RFC3209, December 2001.

   [RFC3471]   Berger, L., Ed., "Generalized Multi-Protocol Label
               Switching (GMPLS) Signaling Functional Description", RFC
               3471, January 2003.




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   [RFC3473]   L. Berger, Ed., "Generalized Multi-Protocol Label
               Switching (GMPLS) Signaling Resource ReserVation
               Protocol-Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) Extensions", RFC
               3473, January 2003.

   [RFC5212]   K. Shiomoto et al, "Requirements for GMPLS-Based Multi-
               Region and Multi-Layer Networks (MRN/MLN)", RFC5212, July
               2008.

   [RFC5339]   JL. Le Roux et al, "Evaluation of Existing GMPLS
               Protocols against Multi-Layer and Multi-Region Networks
               (MLN/MRN)", RFC5339, September 2008.

   [RFC4206]   K. Kompella et al, "Label Switched Paths (LSP) Hierarchy
               with Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS)
               Traffic Engineering (TE)", RFC4206, October 2005.

   [RFC4206bis] K. Shiomoto, A. Farrel, "Procedures for Dynamically
               Signaled Hierarchical Label Switched Paths", draft-ietf-
               ccamp-lsp-hierarchy-bis-08.txt, February 2010.

   [RFC5623]   E. Oki et al, "Framework for PCE-Based Inter-Layer MPLS
               and GMPLS Traffic Engineering", RFC 5623, September 2009.

   [RFC4606]   E. Mannie, D. Papadimitriou, "Generalized Multi-Protocol
               Label Switching (GMPLS) Extensions for Synchronous
               Optical Network (SONET) and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
               (SDH) Control", RFC 4606, August 2006.

   [OTN-ctrl]  Fatai Zhang et al, "Generalized Multi-Protocol Label
               witching (GMPLS) Signaling Extensions for the evolving
               G.709 Optical Transport Networks Control", draft-zhang-
               ccamp-gmpls-evolving-g709-04.txt, February 27, 2010.

   [ETH-TP]    D. Papadimitriou, "Ethernet Traffic Parameters", draft-
               ietf-ccamp-ethernet-traffic-parameters-10.txt, January 20,
               2010.

   [IEEE]      "IEEE Standard for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic",
               ANSI/IEEE Standard 754-1985, Institute of Electrical and
               Electronics Engineers, August 1985.








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10. Authors' Addresses

   Fatai Zhang
   Huawei Technologies
   F3-5-B R&D Center, Huawei Base
   Bantian, Longgang District
   Shenzhen 518129 P.R.China

   Phone: +86-755-28972912
   Email: zhangfatai@huawei.com


   Dan Li
   Huawei Technologies
   F3-5-B R&D Center, Huawei Base
   Bantian, Longgang District
   Shenzhen 518129 P.R.China

   Phone: +86-755-28970230
   Email: danli@huawei.com


   Yi Lin
   Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
   F3-5-B R&D Center, Huawei Base
   Bantian, Longgang District
   Shenzhen 518129 P.R.China

   Phone: +86-755-28972914
   Email: linyi_hw@huawei.com


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