Declarative Public Extension Key for Internet Small Computer Systems Interface (iSCSI) Node Architecture
RFC 4850

Network Working Group                                     D. Wysochanski
Request for Comments: 4850                       Network Appliance, Inc.
Updates: 3720                                                 April 2007
Category: Standards Track

                 Declarative Public Extension Key for
  Internet Small Computer Systems Interface (iSCSI) Node Architecture

Status of This Memo

   This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
   Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
   improvements.  Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
   Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
   and status of this protocol.  Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007).

Abstract

   The Internet Small Computer Systems Interface (iSCSI) protocol,
   described in RFC 3720, allows for extension items to the protocol in
   the form of Private or Public Extension Keys.  This document
   describes a Public Extension Key for the purpose of enhancing iSCSI
   supportability.  The key accomplishes this objective by allowing
   iSCSI nodes to communicate architecture details during the iSCSI
   login sequence.  The receiving node can then use this information for
   enhanced logging and support.  This document updates RFC 3720 to
   allow iSCSI extension items to be defined by standards track RFCs and
   experimental RFCs in addition to informational RFCs.

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1.  Introduction

1.1.  Overview

   This document describes a declarative Public Extension Key, as
   defined by Section 12.22 of RFC 3720 [2], that may be used to
   communicate additional iSCSI node information to the peer node in a
   session.  The information carried in the described key has been found
   to be valuable in real iSCSI customer environments as initiator and
   target vendors collaborate to resolve technical issues and better
   understand the interaction of iSCSI implementations.

   The key has been modeled after the HTTP "Server" and "User-Agent"
   header fields as specified in Sections 14.38 and 14.43 of RFC 2616
   [3], with the text-value(s) of the key roughly equivalent to Product
   Tokens in Section 3.8 of RFC 2616 [3].  Note, however, that the text-
   value(s) in the key's list-of-values MUST conform to the Text Format
   as specified in Section 5.1 of RFC 3720 [2].

   The key is sent during operational parameter negotiation of an iSCSI
   session's login phase.  The intended use of this key is to provide
   enhanced logging and support capabilities, and to enable collection
   of iSCSI implementation and usage information.

1.2.  Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [1].

2.  Definition

   The definition of the key is as follows, conforming to Sections 11
   and 12 of RFC 3720 [2], with example list-of-values conforming to
   Section 5.1 of RFC 3720 [2].

   The key is defined with a use of "LO", making it a Leading Only key,
   and does not modify Sections 11 or 12 of RFC 3720 [2].  Thus, the key
   MUST only be sent on the leading connection, MUST NOT be changed
   after the leading connection login, and MUST only be sent after the
   security negotiation login stage has completed (during operational
   negotiation login stage).  The key may be sent during normal or
   discovery sessions.

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2.1.  X#NodeArchitecture

   Use: LO, Declarative
   Senders: Initiator and Target
   Scope: SW

   X#NodeArchitecture=<list-of-values>

   Examples:

      X#NodeArchitecture=ExampleOS/v1234,ExampleInc_SW_Initiator/1.05a
      X#NodeArchitecture=ExampleInc_HW_Initiator/4010,Firmware/2.0.0.5
      X#NodeArchitecture=ExampleInc_SW_Initiator/2.1,CPU_Arch/i686

   The initiator or target declares the details of its iSCSI node
   architecture to the remote endpoint.  These details may include, but
   are not limited to, iSCSI vendor software, firmware, or hardware
   versions, the OS version, or hardware architecture.

   The length of the key value (total length of the list-of-values) MUST
   NOT be greater than 255 bytes.

   X#NodeArchitecture MUST NOT be redeclared.

3.  Implementation

   Functional behavior of the iSCSI node (this includes the iSCSI
   protocol logic -- the SCSI, iSCSI, and TCP/IP protocols) MUST NOT
   depend on the presence, absence, or content of the key.  The key MUST
   NOT be used by iSCSI nodes for interoperability, or exclusion of
   other nodes.  To ensure proper use, key values SHOULD be set by the
   node itself, and there SHOULD NOT be provisions for the key values to
   contain user-defined text.

   Nodes implementing this key MUST choose one of the following
   implementation options:

      o  only transmit the key,
      o  only log the key values received from other nodes, or
      o  both transmit and log the key values.

   Each node choosing to implement transmission of the key values MUST
   be prepared to handle the response of RFC 3720 [2] compliant nodes
   that do not understand the key (RFC 3720 [2] states that compliant
   nodes MUST respond with X#NodeArchitecture=NotUnderstood).

   Nodes that implement transmission and/or logging of the key values
   may also implement administrative mechanisms that disable and/or

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   change the logging and key transmission detail (see Security
   Considerations).  Thus, a valid behavior for this key may be that a
   node is completely silent (the node does not transmit any key value,
   and simply discards any key values it receives without issuing a
   NotUnderstood response).

4.  Security Considerations

   This extension key transmits specific implementation details about
   the node that sends it; such details may be considered sensitive in
   some environments.  For example, if a certain software or firmware
   version is known to contain security weaknesses, announcing the
   presence of that version via this key may not be desirable.  The
   countermeasures for this security concern are:

   o  sending less detailed information in the key values,

   o  not sending the extension key, or

   o  using IPsec to provide confidentiality for the iSCSI connection on
      which the key is sent (see RFC 3720 [2] and RFC 3723 [4]).

   To support the first and second countermeasures, all implementations
   of this extension key MUST provide an administrative mechanism to
   disable sending the key.  In addition, all implementations SHOULD
   provide an administrative mechanism to configure a verbosity level of
   the key value, thereby controlling the amount of information sent.
   For example, a lower verbosity might enable transmission of node
   architecture component names only, but no version numbers.

   The choice of which countermeasure is most appropriate depends on the
   environment.  However, sending less detailed information in the key
   values may be an acceptable countermeasure in many environments,
   since it provides a compromise between sending too much information
   and the other more complete countermeasures of not sending the key at
   all or using IPsec.

   In addition to security considerations involving transmission of the
   key contents, any logging method(s) used for the key values MUST keep
   the information secure from intruders.  For all implementations, the
   requirements to address this security concern are:

   o  Display of the log MUST only be possible with administrative
      rights to the node.

   o  Options to disable logging to disk and to keep logs for a fixed
      duration SHOULD be provided.

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   Finally, it is important to note that different nodes may have
   different levels of risk, and these differences may affect the
   implementation.  The components of risk include assets, threats, and
   vulnerabilities.  Consider the following example iSCSI nodes, which
   demonstrate differences in assets and vulnerabilities of the nodes,
   and as a result, differences in implementation:

   o  One iSCSI target based on a special-purpose operating system.
      Since the iSCSI target controls access to the data storage
      containing company assets, the asset level is seen as very high.
      Also, because of the special-purpose operating system, in which
      vulnerabilities are less well-known, the vulnerability level is
      viewed as low.

   o  Multiple iSCSI initiators in a blade farm, each running a general-
      purpose operating system.  The asset level of each node is viewed
      as low, since blades are replaceable and low cost.  However, the
      vulnerability level is viewed as high, since there are many well-
      known vulnerabilities to the general-purpose operating system.

   For the above target, an appropriate implementation might be logging
   of received key values, but no transmission of the key.  For the
   initiators, an appropriate implementation might be transmission of
   the key, but no logging of received key values.

5.  IANA Considerations

   The standards action of this document updates RFC 3720 to allow any
   iSCSI extension item, specifically X# extension text keys, Y# digest
   algorithms, and Z# authentication methods, to be defined by a
   standards track, experimental, or informational RFC.  This document
   is a standards track RFC that defines an X# extension text key.

   IANA registered this key as follows:

   o  Key Name: X#NodeArchitecture

   o  Description: Node architecture details

   o  Reference: [RFC4850]

   The update to RFC 3720 to allow additional types of RFCs for iSCSI
   Extension items has the same effect as if the following changes were
   made to the text of RFC 3720 (RFC text cannot be changed after
   publication):

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   1) In Section 11.1, the requirement that Z# Authentication methods
      "MUST be described by an informational RFC." is changed to "MUST
      be described by a standards track RFC, an experimental RFC, or an
      informational RFC."

   2) In Section 12.1, the requirement that Y# Digest algorithms "MUST
      be described by an informational RFC." is changed to "MUST be
      described by a standards track RFC, an experimental RFC, or an
      informational RFC."

   3) In Section 12.22, the requirement that X# text keys "MUST be
      described by an informational RFC." is changed to "MUST be
      described by a standards track RFC, an experimental RFC, or an
      informational RFC."

   4) In Section 13.3, the description of allowed RFC types for
      extension items is changed from "The RFC may be informational
      rather than Standards-Track," to "The RFC MUST be standards track,
      experimental, or informational,"

   5) In Section 13.5.2, the phrase "standards track" is changed to
      "standards track or experimental" in the last sentence of the
      first paragraph, so that the sentence reads: "If the specification
      is a standards track or experimental document, the usual IETF
      procedures for such documents are followed."

   The registries for iSCSI extension items should be managed as if
   these changes had been made to the text of RFC 3720.

6.  References

6.1.  Normative References

   [1]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
        Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [2]  Satran, J., Meth, K., Sapuntzakis, C., Chadalapaka, M., and E.
        Zeidner, "Internet Small Computer Systems Interface (iSCSI)",
        RFC 3720, April 2004.

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6.2.  Informative References

   [3]  Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H., Masinter, L.,
        Leach, P., and T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext Transfer Protocol --
        HTTP/1.1", RFC 2616, June 1999.

   [4]  Aboba, B., Tseng, J., Walker, J., Rangan, V., and F. Travostino,
        "Securing Block Storage Protocols over IP", RFC 3723, April
        2004.

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Appendix A.  Acknowledgments

   The IP Storage (ips) Working Group in the Transport Area of IETF has
   been responsible for defining the iSCSI protocol (apart from a host
   of other relevant IP Storage protocols).  The author acknowledges the
   contributions of the entire working group.

   The following individuals directly contributed to identifying issues
   and/or suggesting resolutions to the issues found in this document:
   David Black, Mallikarjun Chadalapaka, Paul Koning, Julian Satran,
   John Hufferd, Claire Kraft, Ranga Sankar, Joseph Pittman, Greg Berg,
   John Forte, Jim Yuill, William Studenmund, and Ken Sandars.  This
   document benefited from all these contributions.

   Finally, the author recognizes Network Appliance, Inc. for
   sponsorship and support during the development of this work.

Author's Address

   Dave Wysochanski
   8311 Brier Creek Parkway
   Suite 105-296
   Raleigh, NC  27617
   US

   Phone: +1 919 696 8130
   EMail: wysochanski@pobox.com

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Acknowledgement

   Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
   Internet Society.

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