MASQUE D. Schinazi
Internet-Draft Google LLC
Intended status: Standards Track 5 March 2022
Expires: 6 September 2022
UDP Proxying Support for HTTP
draft-ietf-masque-connect-udp-07
Abstract
This document describes how to proxy UDP over HTTP. Similar to how
the CONNECT method allows proxying TCP over HTTP, this document
defines a new mechanism to proxy UDP. It is built using HTTP
Extended CONNECT.
Discussion Venues
This note is to be removed before publishing as an RFC.
Discussion of this document takes place on the MASQUE WG mailing list
(masque@ietf.org), which is archived at
https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/browse/masque/.
Source for this draft and an issue tracker can be found at
https://github.com/ietf-wg-masque/draft-ietf-masque-connect-udp.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
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Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on 6 September 2022.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2022 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
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Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1. Conventions and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Configuration of Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. HTTP Exchanges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.1. Proxy Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2. HTTP Request over HTTP/1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3. HTTP Response over HTTP/1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.4. HTTP Request over HTTP/2 and HTTP/3 . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.5. HTTP Response over HTTP/2 and HTTP/3 . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.6. Note About Draft Versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4. Context Identifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5. HTTP Datagram Payload Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6. Performance Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6.1. MTU Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6.2. Tunneling of ECN Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
8. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
8.1. HTTP Upgrade Token . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
9.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
9.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Appendix A. Example Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
A.1. Registering Contexts with Headers . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
A.2. Registering Contexts with Capsules . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1. Introduction
This document describes how to proxy UDP over HTTP. Similar to how
the CONNECT method (see Section 9.3.6 of [HTTP]) allows proxying TCP
[TCP] over HTTP, this document defines a new mechanism to proxy UDP
[UDP].
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UDP Proxying supports all versions of HTTP and uses HTTP Datagrams
[HTTP-DGRAM]. When using HTTP/2 or HTTP/3, UDP proxying uses HTTP
Extended CONNECT as described in [EXT-CONNECT2] and [EXT-CONNECT3].
When using HTTP/1.x, UDP proxying uses HTTP Upgrade as defined in
Section 7.8 of [HTTP].
1.1. Conventions and Definitions
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here.
In this document, we use the term "proxy" to refer to the HTTP server
that opens the UDP socket and responds to the UDP proxying request.
If there are HTTP intermediaries (as defined in Section 3.7 of
[HTTP]) between the client and the proxy, those are referred to as
"intermediaries" in this document.
Note that, when the HTTP version in use does not support multiplexing
streams (such as HTTP/1.1), any reference to "stream" in this
document represents the entire connection.
2. Configuration of Clients
Clients are configured to use UDP Proxying over HTTP via an URI
Template [TEMPLATE]. The URI template MUST contain exactly two
variables: "target_host" and "target_port". Examples are shown
below:
https://masque.example.org/{target_host}/{target_port}/
https://proxy.example.org:4443/masque?h={target_host}&p={target_port}
https://proxy.example.org:4443/masque{?target_host,target_port}
Figure 1: URI Template Examples
Since the original HTTP CONNECT method allowed conveying the target
host and port but not the scheme, proxy authority, path, nor query,
there exist proxy configuration interfaces that only allow the user
to configure the proxy host and the proxy port. Client
implementations of this specification that are constrained by such
limitations MUST use the default template which is defined as:
"https://$PROXY_HOST:$PROXY_PORT/{target_host}/{target_port}/" where
$PROXY_HOST and $PROXY_PORT are the configured host and port of the
proxy respectively. Proxy deployments SHOULD use the default
template to facilitate interoperability with such clients.
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3. HTTP Exchanges
This document defines the "connect-udp" HTTP Upgrade Token. "connect-
udp" uses the Capsule Protocol as defined in [HTTP-DGRAM].
A "connect-udp" request requests that the recipient proxy establish a
tunnel over a single HTTP stream to the destination target identified
by the "target_host" and "target_port" variables of the URI template
(see Section 2). If the request is successful, the proxy commits to
converting received HTTP Datagrams into UDP packets and vice versa
until the tunnel is closed. Tunnels are commonly used to create an
end-to-end virtual connection, which can then be secured using QUIC
[QUIC] or another protocol running over UDP.
When sending its UDP proxying request, the client SHALL perform URI
template expansion to determine the path and query of its request.
target_host supports using DNS names, IPv6 literals and IPv4
literals. Note that this URI template expansion requires using pct-
encoding, so for example if the target_host is "2001:db8::42", it
will be encoded in the URI as "2001%3Adb8%3A%3A42".
A payload within a UDP proxying request message has no defined
semantics; a UDP proxying request with a non-empty payload is
malformed.
Responses to UDP proxying requests are not cacheable.
3.1. Proxy Handling
Upon receiving a UDP proxying request, the recipient proxy extracts
the "target_host" and "target_port" variables from the URI it has
reconstructed from the request headers, and establishes a tunnel by
directly opening a UDP socket to the requested target.
Unlike TCP, UDP is connection-less. The proxy that opens the UDP
socket has no way of knowing whether the destination is reachable.
Therefore it needs to respond to the request without waiting for a
packet from the target. However, if the target_host is a DNS name,
the proxy MUST perform DNS resolution before replying to the HTTP
request. If DNS resolution fails, the proxy MUST fail the request
and SHOULD send details using the Proxy-Status header [PROXY-STATUS].
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Proxies can use connected UDP sockets if their operating system
supports them, as that allows the proxy to rely on the kernel to only
send it UDP packets that match the correct 5-tuple. If the proxy
uses a non-connected socket, it MUST validate the IP source address
and UDP source port on received packets to ensure they match the
client's request. Packets that do not match MUST be discarded by the
proxy.
The lifetime of the socket is tied to the request stream. The proxy
MUST keep the socket open while the request stream is open. If a
proxy is notified by its operating system that its socket is no
longer usable (for example, this can happen when an ICMP "Destination
Unreachable" message is received, see Section 3.1 of [ICMP6]), it
MUST close the request stream. Proxies MAY choose to close sockets
due to a period of inactivity, but they MUST close the request stream
when closing the socket. Proxies that close sockets after a period
of inactivity SHOULD NOT use a period lower than two minutes, see
Section 4.3 of [BEHAVE].
A successful response (as defined in Section 3.3 and Section 3.5)
indicates that the proxy has opened a socket to the requested target
and is willing to proxy UDP payloads. Any response other than a
successful response indicates that the request has failed, and the
client MUST therefore abort the request.
Proxies MUST NOT introduce fragmentation at the IP layer when
forwarding HTTP Datagrams onto a UDP socket. In IPv4, the Don't
Fragment (DF) bit MUST be set if possible, to prevent fragmentation
on the path. Future extensions MAY remove these requirements.
3.2. HTTP Request over HTTP/1.1
When using HTTP/1.1, a UDP proxying request will meet the following
requirements:
* the method SHALL be "CONNECT".
* the request-target SHALL use absolute-form (see Section 3.2.2 of
[H1]).
* the request SHALL include a single Host header containing the
origin of the proxy.
* the request SHALL include a single "Connection" header with value
"Upgrade".
* the request SHALL include a single "Upgrade" header with value
"connect-udp".
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For example, if the client is configured with URI template
"https://proxy.example.org/{target_host}/{target_port}/" and wishes
to open a UDP proxying tunnel to target 192.0.2.42:443, it could send
the following request:
CONNECT https://proxy.example.org/192.0.2.42/443/ HTTP/1.1
Host: proxy.example.org
Connection: upgrade
Upgrade: connect-udp
Figure 2: Example HTTP Request over HTTP/1.1
3.3. HTTP Response over HTTP/1.1
The proxy SHALL indicate a successful response by replying with the
following requirements:
* the HTTP status code on the response SHALL be 101 (Switching
Protocols).
* the reponse SHALL include a single "Connection" header with value
"Upgrade".
* the response SHALL include a single "Upgrade" header with value
"connect-udp".
* the response SHALL NOT include any Transfer-Encoding or Content-
Length header fields.
If any of these requirements are not met, the client MUST treat this
proxying attempt as failed and abort the connection.
For example, the proxy could respond with:
HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols
Connection: upgrade
Upgrade: connect-udp
Figure 3: Example HTTP Response over HTTP/1.1
3.4. HTTP Request over HTTP/2 and HTTP/3
When using HTTP/2 [H2] or HTTP/3 [H3], UDP proxying requests use HTTP
pseudo-headers with the following requirements:
* The ":method" pseudo-header field SHALL be "CONNECT".
* The ":protocol" pseudo-header field SHALL be "connect-udp".
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* The ":authority" pseudo-header field SHALL contain the authority
of the proxy.
* The ":path" and ":scheme" pseudo-header fields SHALL NOT be empty.
Their values SHALL contain the scheme and path from the URI
template after the URI template expansion process has been
completed.
A UDP proxying request that does not conform to these restrictions is
malformed (see Section 8.1.1 of [H2]).
For example, if the client is configured with URI template
"https://proxy.example.org/{target_host}/{target_port}/" and wishes
to open a UDP proxying tunnel to target 192.0.2.42:443, it could send
the following request:
HEADERS
:method = CONNECT
:protocol = connect-udp
:scheme = https
:path = /192.0.2.42/443/
:authority = proxy.example.org
Figure 4: Example HTTP Request over HTTP/2
3.5. HTTP Response over HTTP/2 and HTTP/3
The proxy SHALL indicate a successful response by replying with any
2xx (Successful) HTTP status code, without any Transfer-Encoding or
Content-Length header fields.
If any of these requirements are not met, the client MUST treat this
proxying attempt as failed and abort the request.
For example, the proxy could respond with:
HEADERS
:status = 200
Figure 5: Example HTTP Response over HTTP/2
3.6. Note About Draft Versions
[[RFC editor: please remove this section before publication.]]
In order to allow implementations to support multiple draft versions
of this specification during its development, we introduce the
"connect-udp-version" header. When sent by the client, it contains a
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list of draft numbers supported by the client (e.g., "connect-udp-
version: 0, 2"). When sent by the proxy, it contains a single draft
number selected by the proxy from the list provided by the client
(e.g., "connect-udp-version: 2"). Sending this header is RECOMMENDED
but not required. Its ABNF is:
connect-udp-version = sf-list
4. Context Identifiers
This protocol allows future extensions to exchange HTTP Datagrams
which carry different semantics from UDP payloads. Some of these
extensions can augment UDP payloads with additional data, while
others can exchange data that is completely separate from UDP
payloads. In order to accomplish this, all HTTP Datagrams associated
with UDP Proxying request streams start with a context ID, see
Section 5.
Context IDs are 62-bit integers (0 to 2^62-1). Context IDs are
encoded as variable-length integers, see Section 16 of [QUIC]. The
context ID value of 0 is reserved for UDP payloads, while non-zero
values are dynamically allocated: non-zero even-numbered context IDs
are client-allocated, and odd-numbered context IDs are proxy-
allocated. The context ID namespace is tied to a given HTTP request:
it is possible for a context ID with the same numeric value to be
simultaneously assigned different semantics in distinct requests,
potentially with different semantics. Context IDs MUST NOT be re-
allocated within a given HTTP namespace but MAY be allocated in any
order. Once allocated, any context ID can be used by both client and
proxy - only allocation carries separate namespaces to avoid
requiring synchronization.
Registration is the action by which an endpoint informs its peer of
the semantics and format of a given context ID. This document does
not define how registration occurs, though some examples of how it
might occur are provided in Appendix A. Depending on the method
being used, it is possible for datagrams to be received with Context
IDs which have not yet been registered, for instance due to
reordering of the datagram and the registration packets during
transmission.
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5. HTTP Datagram Payload Format
When associated with UDP proxying request streams, the HTTP Datagram
Payload field of HTTP Datagrams (see [HTTP-DGRAM]) has the format
defined in Figure 6. Note that when HTTP Datagrams are encoded using
QUIC DATAGRAM frames, the Context ID field defined below directly
follows the Quarter Stream ID field which is at the start of the QUIC
DATAGRAM frame payload:
UDP Proxying HTTP Datagram Payload {
Context ID (i),
Payload (..),
}
Figure 6: UDP Proxying HTTP Datagram Format
Context ID: A variable-length integer that contains the value of the
Context ID. If an HTTP/3 datagram which carries an unknown
Context ID is received, the receiver SHALL either drop that
datagram silently or buffer it temporarily (on the order of a
round trip) while awaiting the registration of the corresponding
Context ID.
Payload: The payload of the datagram, whose semantics depend on
value of the previous field. Note that this field can be empty.
UDP packets are encoded using HTTP Datagrams with the Context ID set
to zero. When the Context ID is set to zero, the Payload field
contains the unmodified payload of a UDP packet (referred to as "data
octets" in [UDP]).
Clients MAY optimistically start sending proxied UDP packets before
receiving the response to its UDP proxying request, noting however
that those may not be processed by the proxy if it responds to the
request with a failure, or if the datagrams are received by the proxy
before the request.
Endpoints MUST NOT send HTTP Datagrams with payloads longer than
65527 using Context ID zero. An endpoint that receives a DATAGRAM
capsule using Context ID zero whose payload is longer than 65527 MUST
abort the stream. If a proxy knows it can only send out UDP packets
of a certain length due to its underlying link MTU, it SHOULD discard
incoming DATAGRAM capsules using Context ID zero whose payload is
longer than that limit without buffering the capsule contents.
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6. Performance Considerations
Proxies SHOULD strive to avoid increasing burstiness of UDP traffic:
they SHOULD NOT queue packets in order to increase batching.
When the protocol running over UDP that is being proxied uses
congestion control (e.g., [QUIC]), the proxied traffic will incur at
least two nested congestion controllers. This can reduce performance
but the underlying HTTP connection MUST NOT disable congestion
control unless it has an out-of-band way of knowing with absolute
certainty that the inner traffic is congestion-controlled.
If a client or proxy with a connection containing a UDP proxying
request stream disables congestion control, it MUST NOT signal ECN
support on that connection. That is, it MUST mark all IP headers
with the Not-ECT codepoint. It MAY continue to report ECN feedback
via ACK_ECN frames, as the peer may not have disabled congestion
control.
When the protocol running over UDP that is being proxied uses loss
recovery (e.g., [QUIC]), and the underlying HTTP connection runs over
TCP, the proxied traffic will incur at least two nested loss recovery
mechanisms. This can reduce performance as both can sometimes
independently retransmit the same data. To avoid this, UDP proxying
SHOULD be performed over HTTP/3 to allow leveraging the QUIC DATAGRAM
frame.
6.1. MTU Considerations
When using HTTP/3 with the QUIC Datagram extension [DGRAM], UDP
payloads are transmitted in QUIC DATAGRAM frames. Since those cannot
be fragmented, they can only carry payloads up to a given length
determined by the QUIC connection configuration and the path MTU. If
a proxy is using QUIC DATAGRAM frames and it receives a UDP payload
from the target that will not fit inside a QUIC DATAGRAM frame, the
proxy SHOULD NOT send the UDP payload in a DATAGRAM capsule, as that
defeats the end-to-end unreliability characteristic that methods such
as Datagram Packetization Layer Path MTU Discovery (DPLPMTUD) depend
on [DPLPMTUD]. In this scenario, the proxy SHOULD drop the UDP
payload and send an ICMP "Packet Too Big" message to the target, see
Section 3.2 of [ICMP6].
6.2. Tunneling of ECN Marks
UDP proxying does not create an IP-in-IP tunnel, so the guidance in
[ECN-TUNNEL] about transferring ECN marks between inner and outer IP
headers does not apply. There is no inner IP header in UDP proxying
tunnels.
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Note that UDP proxying clients do not have the ability in this
specification to control the ECN codepoints on UDP packets the proxy
sends to the target, nor can proxies communicate the markings of each
UDP packet from target to proxy.
A UDP proxy MUST ignore ECN bits in the IP header of UDP packets
received from the target, and MUST set the ECN bits to Not-ECT on UDP
packets it sends to the target. These do not relate to the ECN
markings of packets sent between client and proxy in any way.
7. Security Considerations
There are significant risks in allowing arbitrary clients to
establish a tunnel to arbitrary targets, as that could allow bad
actors to send traffic and have it attributed to the proxy. Proxies
that support UDP proxying SHOULD restrict its use to authenticated
users.
Because the CONNECT method creates a TCP connection to the target,
the target has to indicate its willingness to accept TCP connections
by responding with a TCP SYN-ACK before the proxy can send it
application data. UDP doesn't have this property, so a UDP proxy
could send more data to an unwilling target than a CONNECT proxy.
However, in practice denial of service attacks target open TCP ports
so the TCP SYN-ACK does not offer much protection in real scenarios.
8. IANA Considerations
8.1. HTTP Upgrade Token
This document will request IANA to register "connect-udp" in the HTTP
Upgrade Token Registry maintained at
<https://www.iana.org/assignments/http-upgrade-tokens>.
Value: connect-udp
Description: Proxying of UDP Payloads.
Expected Version Tokens: None.
Reference: This document.
9. References
9.1. Normative References
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[DGRAM] Pauly, T., Kinnear, E., and D. Schinazi, "An Unreliable
Datagram Extension to QUIC", Work in Progress, Internet-
Draft, draft-ietf-quic-datagram-10, 4 February 2022,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-quic-
datagram-10>.
[EXT-CONNECT2]
McManus, P., "Bootstrapping WebSockets with HTTP/2",
RFC 8441, DOI 10.17487/RFC8441, September 2018,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8441>.
[EXT-CONNECT3]
Hamilton, R., "Bootstrapping WebSockets with HTTP/3", Work
in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-httpbis-h3-
websockets-04, 8 February 2022,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-
h3-websockets-04>.
[H1] Fielding, R. T., Nottingham, M., and J. Reschke,
"HTTP/1.1", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-
httpbis-messaging-19, 12 September 2021,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-
messaging-19>.
[H2] Thomson, M. and C. Benfield, "HTTP/2", Work in Progress,
Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-httpbis-http2bis-07, 24 January
2022, <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-
httpbis-http2bis-07>.
[H3] Bishop, M., "Hypertext Transfer Protocol Version 3
(HTTP/3)", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-
quic-http-34, 2 February 2021,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-quic-
http-34>.
[HTTP] Fielding, R. T., Nottingham, M., and J. Reschke, "HTTP
Semantics", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-
httpbis-semantics-19, 12 September 2021,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-
semantics-19>.
[HTTP-DGRAM]
Schinazi, D. and L. Pardue, "Using Datagrams with HTTP",
Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-masque-h3-
datagram-06, 4 March 2022,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-masque-
h3-datagram-06>.
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[QUIC] Iyengar, J., Ed. and M. Thomson, Ed., "QUIC: A UDP-Based
Multiplexed and Secure Transport", RFC 9000,
DOI 10.17487/RFC9000, May 2021,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9000>.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8174>.
[TCP] Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol", STD 7,
RFC 793, DOI 10.17487/RFC0793, September 1981,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc793>.
[TEMPLATE] Gregorio, J., Fielding, R., Hadley, M., Nottingham, M.,
and D. Orchard, "URI Template", RFC 6570,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6570, March 2012,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6570>.
[UDP] Postel, J., "User Datagram Protocol", STD 6, RFC 768,
DOI 10.17487/RFC0768, August 1980,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc768>.
9.2. Informative References
[BEHAVE] Audet, F., Ed. and C. Jennings, "Network Address
Translation (NAT) Behavioral Requirements for Unicast
UDP", BCP 127, RFC 4787, DOI 10.17487/RFC4787, January
2007, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4787>.
[DPLPMTUD] Fairhurst, G., Jones, T., Tüxen, M., Rüngeler, I., and T.
Völker, "Packetization Layer Path MTU Discovery for
Datagram Transports", RFC 8899, DOI 10.17487/RFC8899,
September 2020, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8899>.
[ECN-TUNNEL]
Briscoe, B., "Tunnelling of Explicit Congestion
Notification", RFC 6040, DOI 10.17487/RFC6040, November
2010, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6040>.
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[ICMP6] Conta, A., Deering, S., and M. Gupta, Ed., "Internet
Control Message Protocol (ICMPv6) for the Internet
Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Specification", STD 89,
RFC 4443, DOI 10.17487/RFC4443, March 2006,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4443>.
[PROXY-STATUS]
Nottingham, M. and P. Sikora, "The Proxy-Status HTTP
Response Header Field", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft,
draft-ietf-httpbis-proxy-status-08, 13 October 2021,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-
proxy-status-08>.
Appendix A. Example Extensions
Extensions can define new semantics for the payload of HTTP
Datagrams. The extension can then have an endpoint pick an available
locally-allocated context ID (see Section 4) and register that
context ID with their peer.
Note that this appendix only exists to help illustrate MASQUE Working
Group discussions while designing extensions. This appendix will be
removed before MASQUE Working Group Last Call.
A.1. Registering Contexts with Headers
Extensions can define a new HTTP header to register a context ID with
the peer endpoint.
As an example, take an extension that conveys the time at which a UDP
packet was received. The extension would first define the format of
its HTTP Datagram Payload field:
UDP with Timestamp HTTP Datagrams {
Context ID (i),
Timestamp (64),
UDP Payload (..),
}
Figure 7: Example: Format of UDP Payload with Timestamp
The extension would also define a new HTTP header (Example-UDP-
Timestamps) that includes a context ID value. Proxies that
understand this new HTTP header would be able to consequently handle
and parse datagrams with the context ID, while all other proxies
would silently drop the datagrams.
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This specific extension would restrict registrations to the client,
and have them be bidirectional in the sense that the client
registering a context ID also indicates support for receiving on it.
Other extensions could allow proxy registrations, and/or
unidirectional registrations in the sense that registration would
only imply usage in one direction.
HEADERS
:method = CONNECT
:protocol = connect-udp
:scheme = https
:path = /192.0.2.42/443/
:authority = proxy.example.org
example-udp-timestamps = 42
Figure 8: Example: Registration via header
In this example request, HTTP Datagrams with context ID zero would
only contain the UDP payload, whereas HTTP Datagrams with context ID
42 would also contain a timestamp.
A.2. Registering Contexts with Capsules
Extensions can define a new Capsule type (see [HTTP-DGRAM]) to
register a context ID with the peer endpoint.
As an example, take an extension that compresses QUIC Connection IDs
when the client is running QUIC over a UDP proxying tunnel. The
extension would first define the transform applied to UDP payloads
when compressing and decompressing, such as removing the bytes of the
connection ID.
The extension would also define a new capsule type
(EXAMPLE_REGISTER_COMPRESSED_QUIC_CID) that includes a context ID
value and the connection ID to compress. Endpoints that understand
this new capsule type would be able to consequently handle and parse
datagrams on the context ID, while all other endpoints would ignore
the datagrams.
EXAMPLE_REGISTER_COMPRESSED_QUIC_CID Capsule {
Type (i) = EXAMPLE_REGISTER_COMPRESSED_QUIC_CID,
Length (i),
Context ID (i),
QUIC Connection ID (..),
}
Figure 9: Example: Registration via capsule
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This example extension would most likely also define a new HTTP
header to indicate support.
Acknowledgments
This document is a product of the MASQUE Working Group, and the
author thanks all MASQUE enthusiasts for their contibutions. This
proposal was inspired directly or indirectly by prior work from many
people. In particular, the author would like to thank Eric Rescorla
for suggesting to use an HTTP method to proxy UDP. Thanks to Lucas
Pardue for their inputs on this document. The extensibility design
in this document came out of the HTTP Datagrams Design Team, whose
members were Alan Frindell, Alex Chernyakhovsky, Ben Schwartz, Eric
Rescorla, Lucas Pardue, Marcus Ihlar, Martin Thomson, Mike Bishop,
Tommy Pauly, Victor Vasiliev, and the author of this document.
Author's Address
David Schinazi
Google LLC
1600 Amphitheatre Parkway
Mountain View, California 94043,
United States of America
Email: dschinazi.ietf@gmail.com
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