Network Working Group                                          Z. Sarker
Internet-Draft                                               Ericsson AB
Intended status: Informational                                  V. Singh
Expires: October 30, 2017                                   callstats.io
                                                                  X. Zhu
                                                              M. Ramalho
                                                           Cisco Systems
                                                          April 28, 2017


               Test Cases for Evaluating RMCAT Proposals
                     draft-ietf-rmcat-eval-test-05

Abstract

   The Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) is used to transmit media in
   multimedia telephony applications, these applications are typically
   required to implement congestion control.  This document describes
   the test cases to be used in the performance evaluation of such
   congestion control algorithms.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on October 30, 2017.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2017 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect



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   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   2.  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   3.  Structure of Test cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   4.  Recommended Evaluation Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     4.1.  Evaluation metrics  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     4.2.  Path characteristics  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     4.3.  Media source  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   5.  Basic Test Cases  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     5.1.  Variable Available Capacity with a Single Flow  . . . . .  10
     5.2.  Variable Available Capacity with Multiple Flows . . . . .  13
     5.3.  Congested Feedback Link with Bi-directional Media Flows .  14
     5.4.  Competing Media Flows with same Congestion Control
           Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
     5.5.  Round Trip Time Fairness  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
     5.6.  Media Flow Competing with a Long TCP Flow . . . . . . . .  21
     5.7.  Media Flow Competing with Short TCP Flows . . . . . . . .  23
     5.8.  Media Pause and Resume  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  25
   6.  Other potential test cases  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  27
     6.1.  Media Flows with Priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  27
     6.2.  Explicit Congestion Notification Usage  . . . . . . . . .  27
     6.3.  Multiple Bottlenecks  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  27
   7.  Wireless Access Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  29
   8.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  29
   9.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  29
   10. Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  30
   11. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  30
     11.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  30
     11.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  31
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  31

1.  Introduction

   This memo describes a set of test cases for evaluating congestion
   control algorithm proposals for real-time interactive media.  It is
   based on the guidelines enumerated in [I-D.ietf-rmcat-eval-criteria]
   and the requirements discussed in [I-D.ietf-rmcat-cc-requirements].
   The test cases cover basic usage scenarios and are described using a
   common structure, which allows for additional test cases to be added
   to those described herein to accommodate other topologies and/or the
   modeling of different path characteristics.  The described test cases




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   in this memo SHOULD be used to evaluate any proposed congestion
   control algorithm for real-time interactive media.

2.  Terminology

   The terminology defined in RTP [RFC3550], RTP Profile for Audio and
   Video Conferences with Minimal Control [RFC3551], RTCP Extended
   Report (XR) [RFC3611], Extended RTP Profile for RTCP-based Feedback
   (RTP/AVPF) [RFC4585], and Support for Reduced-Size RTCP [RFC5506]
   apply.

3.  Structure of Test cases

   All the test cases in this document follow a basic structure allowing
   implementers to describe a new test scenario without repeatedly
   explaining common attributes.  The structure includes a general
   description section that describes the test case and its motivation.
   Additionally the test case defines a set of attributes that
   characterize the testbed, for example, the network path between
   communicating peers and the diverse traffic sources.

   o  Define the test case:

      *  General description: describes the motivation and the goals of
         the test case.

      *  Expected behavior: describes the desired rate adaptation
         behavior.

      *  Define a list of metrics to evaluate the desired behavior: this
         indicates the minimum set of metrics (e.g., link utilization,
         media sending rate) that a proposed algorithm needs to measure
         to validate the expected rate adaptation behavior.  It should
         also indicate the time granularity (e.g., averaged over 10ms,
         100ms, or 1s) for measuring certain metrics.  Typical
         measurement interval is 200ms.

   o  Define testbed topology: every test case needs to define an
      evaluation testbed topology.  Figure 1 shows such an evaluation
      topology.  In this evaluation topology, S1..Sn are traffic
      sources.  These sources generate media traffic and use either
      congestion control algorithm under investigation.  R1..Rn are the
      corresponding receivers.  A test case can have one or more such
      traffic sources (S) and their corresponding receivers (R).  The
      path from the source to destination is denoted as "forward" and
      the path from a destination to a source is denoted as "backward".
      The following basic structure of the test case has been described
      from the perspective of media generating endpoints attached on the



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      left-hand side of Figure 1.  In this setup, the media flows are
      transported in forward direction and corresponding feedback/
      control messages are transported in the backward direction.
      However, it is also possible to set up the test with media in both
      forward and backward directions.  In that case, unless otherwise
      specified by the test case, it is expected that the backward path
      does not introduce any congestion related impairments and has
      enough capacity to accommodate both media and feedback/control
      messages.  It should be noted that depending on the test cases it
      is possible to have different path characteristics in either of
      the directions.

   +---+                                                           +---+
   |S1 |====== \                 Forward -->              / =======|R1 |
   +---+       \\                                        //        +---+
                \\                                      //
   +---+       +-----+                               +-----+       +---+
   |S2 |=======|  A  |------------------------------>|  B  |=======|R2 |
   +---+       |     |<------------------------------|     |       +---+
               +-----+                               +-----+
   (...)         //                                     \\         (...)
                //          <-- Backward                 \\
   +---+       //                                         \\       +---+
   |Sn |====== /                                           \ ======|Rn |
   +---+                                                           +---+

                  Figure 1: Example of A Testbed Topology

      In a testbed environment where real equipments are used to create
      a laboratory, there may exist a significant amount of traffic on
      portions of the network path between the endpoints that is not
      desired for the purposes of the tests described in the document.
      Some of this traffic may be generated by other processes on the
      endpoints themselves (e.g., discovery protocols) or by other
      endpoints not presently under test.  It is recommended not to
      route traffic generated by endpoints that are not under test
      through the test bed and route those traffic generated by the
      endpoints under test around the bottleneck links specified herein.

   o  Define testbed attributes:

      *  Duration: defines the duration of the test in seconds.

      *  Path characteristics: defines the end-to-end transport level
         path characteristics of the testbed for a particular test case.
         Two sets of attributes describe the path characteristics, one
         for the forward path and the other for the backward path.  The
         path characteristics for a particular path direction is



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         applicable to all the Sources "S" sending traffic on that path.
         If only one attribute is specified, it is used for both path
         directions, however, unless specified the reverse path has no
         capacity restrictions and no path loss.

         +  Path direction: forward or backward.

         +  Bottleneck-link capacity: defines minimum capacity of the
            end-to-end path

         +  Reference bottleneck capacity: defines a reference value for
            the bottleneck capacity for test cases with time-varying
            bottleneck capacities.  All bottleneck capacities will be
            specified as a ratio with respect to the reference capacity
            value.

         +  One-way propagation delay: describes the end-to-end latency
            along the path when network queues are empty, i.e., the time
            it takes for a packet to go from the sender to the receiver
            without encountering any queuing delay.

         +  Maximum end-to-end jitter: defines the maximum jitter that
            can be observed along the path.

         +  Bottleneck queue type: for example, Droptail, FQ-CoDel, or
            PIE.

         +  Bottleneck queue size: defines the size of queue in terms of
            queuing time when the queue is full (in milliseconds).

         +  Path loss ratio: characterizes the non-congested, additive,
            losses to be generated on the end-to-end path.  MUST
            describe the loss pattern or loss model used to generate the
            losses.

      *  Application-related: defines the traffic source behavior for
         implementing the test case

         +  Media traffic Source: defines the characteristics of the
            media sources.  When using more than one media source, the
            different attributes are enumerated separately for each
            different media source.

            -  Media type: Video/Voice

            -  Media flow direction: forward, backward or both.





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            -  Number of media sources: defines the total number of
               media sources

            -  Media codec: Constant Bit Rate (CBR) or Variable Bit Rate
               (VBR)

            -  Media source behavior: describes the media encoder
               behavior.  It defines the main parameters that affect the
               adaptation behavior.  This may include but is not limited
               to:

               o  Adaptability: describes the adaptation options.  For
                  example, in the case of video it defines the following
                  ranges of adaptation: bit rate, frame rate, video
                  resolution.  Similarly, in the case of voice, it
                  defines the range of bit rate adaptation, the sampling
                  rate variation, and the variation in packetization
                  interval.

               o  Output variation : for a VBR encoder it defines the
                  encoder output variation from the average target rate
                  over a particular measurement interval.  For example,
                  on average the encoder output may vary between 5% to
                  15% above or below the average target bit rate when
                  measured over a 100 ms time window.  The time interval
                  over which the variation is specified must be
                  provided.

               o  Responsiveness to a new bit rate request: the lag in
                  time between a new bit rate request from the
                  congestion control algorithm and actual rate changes
                  in encoder output.  Depending on the encoder, this
                  value may be specified in absolute time (e.g. 10ms to
                  1000ms) or other appropriate metric (e.g. next frame
                  interval time).

               More detailed discussions on expected media source
               behavior, including those from synthetic video traffic
               sources, is at [I-D.ietf-rmcat-video-traffic-model].

            -  Media content: describes the chosen media sequences; For
               example, test sequences are available at: [xiph-seq] and
               [HEVC-seq].

            -  Media timeline: describes the point when the media source
               is introduced and removed from the testbed.  For example,
               the media source may start transmitting immediately when
               the test case begins, or after a few seconds.



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            -  Startup behavior: the media starts at a defined bit rate,
               which may be the minimum, maximum bit rate, or a value in
               between (in Kbps).

         +  Competing traffic source: describes the characteristics of
            the competing traffic source, the different types of
            competing flows are enumerated in
            [I-D.ietf-rmcat-eval-criteria].

            -  Traffic direction: forward, backward or both.

            -  Type of sources: defines the types of competing traffic
               sources.  Types of competing traffic flows are listed in
               [I-D.ietf-rmcat-eval-criteria].  For example, the number
               of TCP flows connected to a web browser, the mean size
               and distribution of the content downloaded.

            -  Number of sources: defines the total number of competing
               sources of each media type per traffic direction.

            -  Congestion control: enumerates the congestion control
               used by each type of competing traffic.

            -  Traffic timeline: describes when the competing traffic
               starts and ends in the test case.

      *  Additional attributes: describes attributes essential for
         implementing a test case which are not included in the above
         structure.  These attributes MUST be well defined, so that the
         other implementers of that particular test case are able to
         implement it easily.

   Any attribute can have a set of values (enclosed within "[]").  Each
   member value of such a set MUST be treated as different value for the
   same attribute.  It is desired to run separate tests for each such
   attribute value.

   The test cases described in this document follow the above structure.

4.  Recommended Evaluation Settings

   This section describes recommended test case settings and could be
   overwritten by the respective test cases.








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4.1.  Evaluation metrics

   To evaluate the performance of the candidate algorithms the
   implementers MUST log enough information to visualize the following
   metrics at a fine enough time granularity:

   1.  Flow level:

       A.  End-to-end delay for the congestion controlled media flow.

       B.  Variation in sending bit rate and goodput.  Mainly observing
           the frequency and magnitude of oscillations.

       C.  Packet losses observed at the receiving endpoint.

       D.  Feedback message overhead.

       E.  Convergence time - time to reach steady state for the
           congestion controlled media flow(s).

   2.  Transport level:

       A.  Bandwidth utilization.

       B.  Queue length (milliseconds at specified path capacity):

           +  average over the length of the session.

           +  5 and 95 percentile.

           +  median, maximum, minimum.

4.2.  Path characteristics

   Each path between a sender and receiver as described in Figure 1 have
   the following characteristics unless otherwise specified in the test
   case.

   o  Path direction: forward and backward.

   o  Reference bottleneck capacity: 1Mbps.

   o  One-Way propagation delay: 50ms.  Implementers are encouraged to
      run the experiment with additional propagation delays mentioned in
      [I-D.ietf-rmcat-eval-criteria]

   o  Maximum end-to-end jitter: 30ms.  Jitter models are described in
      [I-D.ietf-rmcat-eval-criteria]



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   o  Bottleneck queue type: Drop tail.  Implementers are encouraged to
      run the experiment with other AQM schemes, such as FQ-CoDel and
      PIE.

   o  Bottleneck queue size: 300ms.

   o  Path loss ratio: 0%.

   Examples of additional network parameters are discussed in
   [I-D.ietf-rmcat-eval-criteria].

   For test cases involving time-varying bottleneck capacity, all
   capacity values are specified as a ratio with respect to a reference
   capacity value, so as to allow flexible scaling of capacity values
   along with media source rate range.  There exist two different
   mechanisms for inducing path capacity variation: a) by explicitly
   modifying the value of physical link capacity; or b) by introducing
   background non-adaptive UDP traffic with time-varying traffic rate.
   Implementers are encouraged to run the experiments with both
   mechanisms for test cases specified in Section 5.1, Section 5.2, and
   Section 5.3.

4.3.  Media source

   Unless otherwise specified, each test case will include one or more
   media sources as described below.

   o  Media type: Video

      *  Media codec: VBR

      *  Media source behavior:

         +  Adaptability:

            -  Bit rate range: 150 Kbps - 1.5 Mbps.  In real-life
               applications the bit rate range can vary a lot depending
               on the provided service, for example, the maximum bit
               rate can be up to 4Mbps.  However, for running tests to
               evaluate the congestion control algorithms it is more
               important to have a look at how they are reacting to
               certain amount of bandwidth change.  Also it is possible
               that the media traffic generator used in a particular
               simulator or testbed is not capable of generating higher
               bit rate.  Hence we have selected a suitable bit rate
               range typical of consumer-grade video conferencing
               applications in designing the test case.  If a different
               bit rate range is used in the test cases, then the end-



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               to-end path capacity values will also need to be scaled
               accordingly.

            -  Frame resolution: 144p - 720p (or 1080p).  This
               resolution range is selected based on the bit rate range.
               If a different bit rate range is used in the test cases
               then the frame resolution range also need to be selected
               suitably.

            -  Frame rate: 10fps - 30fps.  This frame rate range is
               selected based on the bit rate range.  If a different bit
               rate range is used in the test cases then the frame rate
               range also need to be adjusted suitably.

         +  Variation from target bit rate: +/-5%. Unless otherwise
            specified in the test case(s), bit rate variation SHOULD be
            calculated over one (1) second period of time.

         +  Responsiveness to new bit rate request: 100ms

      *  Media content: The media content should represent a typical
         video conversational scenario with head and shoulder movement.
         We recommend to use Foreman video sequence.

      *  Media startup behavior: 150Kbps.  It should be noted that
         applications can use smart ways to select an optimal startup
         bit rate value for a certain network condition.  In such cases
         the candidate proposals MAY show the effectiveness of such
         smart approach as an additional information for the evaluation
         process.

   o  Media type: Audio

      *  Media codec: CBR

      *  Media bit rate: 20Kbps

5.  Basic Test Cases

5.1.  Variable Available Capacity with a Single Flow

   In this test case the bottleneck-link capacity between the two
   endpoints varies over time.  This test is designed to measure the
   responsiveness of the candidate algorithm.  This test tries to
   address the requirements in [I-D.ietf-rmcat-cc-requirements], which
   requires the algorithm to adapt the flow(s) and provide lower end-to-
   end latency when there exists:




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   o  an intermediate bottleneck

   o  change in available capacity (e.g., due to interface change,
      routing change, abrupt arrival/departure of background non-
      adaptive traffic).

   o  maximum media bit rate is greater than link capacity.  In this
      case, the application will attempt to ramp up to its maximum bit
      rate, since the link capacity is limited to a value lower, the
      congestion control scheme is expected to stabilize the sending bit
      rate close to the available bottleneck capacity.

   It should be noted that the exact variation in available capacity due
   to any of the above depends on the underlying technologies.  Hence,
   we describe a set of known factors, which may be extended to devise a
   more specific test case targeting certain behaviors in a certain
   network environment.

   Expected behavior: the candidate algorithm is expected to detect the
   path capacity constraint, converges to the bottleneck link's capacity
   and adapt the flow to avoid unwanted oscillation when the sending bit
   rate is approaching the bottleneck link's capacity.  The oscillations
   occur when the media flow(s) attempts to reach its maximum bit rate
   but overshoots the usage of the available bottleneck capacity then to
   rectify, it reduces the bit rate and starts to ramp up again.

   Evaluation metrics : as described in Section 4.1.

   Testbed topology: One media source S1 is connected to the
   corresponding R1.  The media traffic is transported over the forward
   path and corresponding feedback/control traffic is transported over
   the backward path.


                                Forward -->
   +---+       +-----+                               +-----+       +---+
   |S1 |=======|  A  |------------------------------>|  B  |=======|R1 |
   +---+       |     |<------------------------------|     |       +---+
               +-----+                               +-----+
                             <-- Backward

           Figure 2: Testbed Topology for Limited Link Capacity

   Testbed attributes:

   o  Test duration: 100s

   o  Path characteristics: as described in Section 4.2



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   o  Application-related:

      *  Media Traffic:

         +  Media type: Video

            -  Media direction: forward.

            -  Number of media sources: one (1)

            -  Media timeline:

               o  Start time: 0s.

               o  End time: 99s.

         +  Media type: Audio

            -  Media direction: forward.

            -  Number of media sources: one (1)

            -  Media timeline:

               o  Start time: 0s.

               o  End time: 99s.

      *  Competing traffic:

         +  Number of sources : zero (0)

   o  Test Specific Information:

      *  One-way propagation delay: [ 50 ms, 100 ms]. on the forward
         path direction

      *  This test uses bottleneck path capacity variation as listed in
         Table 1

      *  When using background non-adaptive UDP traffic to induce time-
         varying bottleneck , the physical path capacity remains at
         4Mbps and the UDP traffic source rate changes over time as
         (4-x)Mbps, where x is the bottleneck capacity specified in
         Table 1






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   +--------------------+--------------+-----------+-------------------+
   | Variation pattern  | Path         | Start     | Path capacity     |
   | index              | direction    | time      | ratio             |
   +--------------------+--------------+-----------+-------------------+
   | One                | Forward      | 0s        | 1.0               |
   | Two                | Forward      | 40s       | 2.5               |
   | Three              | Forward      | 60s       | 0.6               |
   | Four               | Forward      | 80s       | 1.0               |
   +--------------------+--------------+-----------+-------------------+

      Table 1: Path capacity variation pattern for forward direction

5.2.  Variable Available Capacity with Multiple Flows

   This test case is similar to Section 5.1.  However in addition this
   test will also consider persistent network load due to competing
   traffic.

   Expected behavior: the candidate algorithm is expected to detect the
   variation in available capacity and adapt the media stream(s)
   accordingly.  The flows stabilize around their maximum bit rate as
   the maximum link capacity is large enough to accommodate the flows.
   When the available capacity drops, the flows adapt by decreasing
   their sending bit rate, and when congestion disappears, the flows are
   again expected to ramp up.

   Evaluation metrics : as described in Section 4.1.

   Testbed Topology: Two (2) media sources S1 and S2 are connected to
   their corresponding destinations R1 and R2.  The media traffic is
   transported over the forward path and corresponding feedback/control
   traffic is transported over the backward path.

   +---+                                                         +---+
   |S1 |===== \                                         / =======|R1 |
   +---+      \\             Forward -->               //        +---+
               \\                                     //
               +-----+                               +-----+
               |  A  |------------------------------>|  B  |
               |     |<------------------------------|     |
               +-----+                               +-----+
                 //                                    \\
                //          <-- Backward                \\
   +---+       //                                        \\       +---+
   |S2 |====== /                                          \ ======|R2 |
   +---+                                                          +---+

        Figure 3: Testbed Topology for Variable Available Capacity



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   Testbed attributes:

   Testbed attributes are similar as described in Section 5.1 except the
   test specific capacity variation setup.

   Test Specific Information: This test uses path capacity variation as
   listed in Table 2 with a corresponding end time of 125 seconds.  The
   reference bottleneck capacity is 2Mbps.  When using background non-
   adaptive UDP traffic to induce time-varying bottleneck for congestion
   controlled media flows, the physical path capacity is 4Mbps and the
   UDP traffic source rate changes over time as (4-x)Mbps, where x is
   the bottleneck capacity specified in Table 2.

   +--------------------+--------------+-----------+-------------------+
   | Variation pattern  | Path         | Start     | Path capacity     |
   | index              | direction    | time      | ratio             |
   +--------------------+--------------+-----------+-------------------+
   | One                | Forward      | 0s        | 2.0               |
   | Two                | Forward      | 25s       | 1.0               |
   | Three              | Forward      | 50s       | 1.75              |
   | Four               | Forward      | 75s       | 0.5               |
   | Five               | Forward      | 100s      | 1.0               |
   +--------------------+--------------+-----------+-------------------+

      Table 2: Path capacity variation pattern for forward direction

5.3.  Congested Feedback Link with Bi-directional Media Flows

   Real-time interactive media uses RTP hence it is assumed that RTCP,
   RTP header extension or such would be used by the congestion control
   algorithm in the backchannel.  Due to asymmetric nature of the link
   between communicating peers it is possible for a participating peer
   to not receive such feedback information due to an impaired or
   congested backchannel (even when the forward channel might not be
   impaired).  This test case is designed to observe the candidate
   congestion control behavior in such an event.

   It is expected that the candidate algorithms are able to cope with
   the lack of feedback information and adapt to minimize the
   performance degradation of media flows in the forward channel.

   It should be noted that for this test case: logs are compared with
   the reference case, i.e, when the backward channel has no
   impairments.

   Evaluation metrics : as described in Section 4.1.





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   Testbed topology: One (1) media source S1 is connected to
   corresponding R1, but both endpoints are additionally receiving and
   sending data, respectively.  The media traffic (S1->R1) is
   transported over the forward path and corresponding feedback/control
   traffic is transported over the backward path.  Likewise media
   traffic (S2->R2) is transported over the backward path and
   corresponding feedback/control traffic is transported over the
   forward path.

         +---+                                                         +---+
         |S1 |===== \                Forward -->              / =======|R1 |
         +---+      \\                                       //        +---+
                     \\                                     //
                  +-----+                               +-----+
                  |  A  |------------------------------>|  B  |
                  |     |<------------------------------|     |
                  +-----+                               +-----+
                     //                                     \\
                    //            <-- Backward               \\
        +---+      //                                         \\       +---+
        |R2 |===== /                                           \ ======|S2 |
        +---+                                                          +---+

          Figure 4: Testbed Topology for Congested Feedback Link

   Testbed attributes:

   o  Test duration: 100s

   o  Path characteristics:

      *  Reference bottleneck capacity: 1Mbps.

   o  Application-related:

      *  Media Source:

         +  Media type: Video

            -  Media direction: forward and backward

            -  Number of media sources: two (2)

            -  Media timeline:

               o  Start time: 0s.

               o  End time: 99s.



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         +  Media type: Audio

            -  Media direction: forward and backward

            -  Number of media sources: two (2)

            -  Media timeline:

               o  Start time: 0s.

               o  End time: 99s.

      *  Competing traffic:

         +  Number of sources : zero (0)

   o  Test Specific Information: this test uses path capacity variations
      to create congested feedback link.  Table 3 lists the variation
      patterns applied to the forward path and Table 4 lists the
      variation patterns applied to the backward path.  When using
      background non-adaptive UDP traffic to induce time-varying
      bottleneck for congestion controlled media flows, the physical
      path capacity is 4Mbps for both directions and the UDP traffic
      source rate changes over time as (4-x)Mbps in each direction,
      where x is the bottleneck capacity specified in Table 4.

   +--------------------+--------------+-----------+-------------------+
   | Variation pattern  | Path         | Start     | Path capacity     |
   | index              | direction    | time      | ratio             |
   +--------------------+--------------+-----------+-------------------+
   | One                | Forward      | 0s        | 2.0               |
   | Two                | Forward      | 20s       | 1.0               |
   | Three              | Forward      | 40s       | 0.5               |
   | Four               | Forward      | 60s       | 2.0               |
   +--------------------+--------------+-----------+-------------------+

      Table 3: Path capacity variation pattern for forward direction

   +--------------------+--------------+-----------+-------------------+
   | Variation pattern  | Path         | Start     | Path capacity     |
   | index              | direction    | time      | ratio             |
   +--------------------+--------------+-----------+-------------------+
   | One                | Backward     | 0s        | 2.0               |
   | Two                | Backward     | 35s       | 0.8               |
   | Three              | Backward     | 70s       | 2.0               |
   +--------------------+--------------+-----------+-------------------+

      Table 4: Path capacity variation pattern for backward direction



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5.4.  Competing Media Flows with same Congestion Control Algorithm

   In this test case, more than one media flows share the bottleneck
   link and each of them uses the same congestion control algorithm.
   This is a typical scenario where a real-time interactive application
   sends more than one media flow to the same destination and these
   flows are multiplexed over the same port.  In such a scenario it is
   likely that the flows will be routed via the same path and need to
   share the available bandwidth amongst themselves.  For the sake of
   simplicity it is assumed that there are no other competing traffic
   sources in the bottleneck link and that there is sufficient capacity
   to accommodate all the flows individually.  While this appears to be
   a variant of the test case defined in Section 5.2, it focuses on the
   capacity sharing aspect of the candidate algorithm.  The previous
   test case, on the other hand, measures adaptability, stability, and
   responsiveness of the candidate algorithm.

   Expected behavior: It is expected that the competing flows will
   converge to an optimum bit rate to accommodate all the flows with
   minimum possible latency and loss.  Specifically, the test introduces
   three media flows at different time instances, when the second flow
   appears there should still be room to accommodate another flow on the
   bottleneck link.  Lastly, when the third flow appears the bottleneck
   link should be saturated.

   Evaluation metrics : as described in Section 4.1.

   Testbed topology: Three media sources S1, S2, S3 are connected to R1,
   R2, R3 respectively.  The media traffic is transported over the
   forward path and corresponding feedback/control traffic is
   transported over the backward path.

   +---+                                                         +---+
   |S1 |===== \                Forward -->              / =======|R1 |
   +---+      \\                                       //        +---+
               \\                                     //
   +---+       +-----+                               +-----+       +---+
   |S2 |=======|  A  |------------------------------>|  B  |=======|R2 |
   +---+       |     |<------------------------------|     |       +---+
               +-----+                               +-----+
                 //                                     \\
                //          <-- Backward                 \\
   +---+       //                                         \\       +---+
   |S3 |====== /                                           \ ======|R3 |
   +---+                                                           +---+

    Figure 5: Testbed Topology for Multiple congestion controlled media
                                   Flows



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   Testbed attributes:

   o  Test duration: 120s

   o  Path characteristics:

      *  Reference bottleneck capacity: 3.5Mbps

      *  Path capacity ratio: 1.0

   o  Application-related:

      *  Media Source:

         +  Media type: Video

            -  Media direction: forward.

            -  Number of media sources: three (3)

            -  Media timeline: new media flows are added sequentially,
               at short time intervals.  See test specific setup below.

         +  Media type: Audio

            -  Media direction: forward.

            -  Number of media sources: three (3)

            -  Media timeline: new media flows are added sequentially,
               at short time intervals.  See test specific setup below.

      *  Competing traffic:

         +  Number of sources : zero (0)

   o  Test Specific Information: Table 5 defines the media timeline for
      both media type.













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             +---------+------------+------------+----------+
             | Flow ID | Media type | Start time | End time |
             +---------+------------+------------+----------+
             | 1       | Video      | 0s         | 119s     |
             | 2       | Video      | 20s        | 119s     |
             | 3       | Video      | 40s        | 119s     |
             | 4       | Audio      | 0s         | 119s     |
             | 5       | Audio      | 20s        | 119s     |
             | 6       | Audio      | 40s        | 119s     |
             +---------+------------+------------+----------+

         Table 5: Media Timeline for Video and Audio media sources

5.5.  Round Trip Time Fairness

   In this test case, multiple media flows share the bottleneck link,
   but the end-to-end path latency for each flow is different.  For the
   sake of simplicity it is assumed that there are no other competing
   traffic sources in the bottleneck link and that there is sufficient
   capacity to accommodate all the flows.  While this appears to be a
   variant of test case 5.2, it focuses on the capacity sharing aspect
   of the candidate algorithm under different RTTs.

   It is expected that the competing flows will converge to bit rates to
   accommodate all the flows with minimum possible latency and loss.
   Specifically, the test introduces five media flows at the same time
   instance.

   Evaluation metrics : as described in Section 4.1.

   Testbed Topology: Five (5) media sources S1,S2,..,S5 are connected to
   their corresponding media sinks R1,R2,..,R5.  The media traffic is
   transported over the forward path and corresponding feedback/control
   traffic is transported over the backward path.  The topology is the
   same as in Section 5.4.  The end-to-end path delays are: 10ms for
   S1-R1, 25ms for S2-R2, 50ms for S3-R3, 100ms for S4-R4, and 150ms
   S5-R5, respectively.

   Testbed attributes:

   o  Test duration: 300s

   o  Path characteristics:

      *  One-Way propagation delay for each flow: 10ms, 25ms, 50ms,
         100ms, 150ms.

   o  Application-related:



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      *  Media Source:

         +  Media type: Video

            -  Media direction: forward

            -  Number of media sources: five (5)

            -  Media timeline: new media flows are added sequentially,
               at short time intervals.  See test specific setup below.

         +  Media type: Audio

            -  Media direction: forward.

            -  Number of media sources: five (5)

            -  Media timeline: new media flows are added sequentially,
               at short time intervals.  See test specific setup below.

      *  Competing traffic:

         +  Number of sources : zero (0)

   o  Test Specific Information: Table 6 defines the media timeline for
      both media type.

             +---------+------------+------------+----------+
             | Flow IF | Media type | Start time | End time |
             +---------+------------+------------+----------+
             | 1       | Video      | 0s         | 299s     |
             | 2       | Video      | 10s        | 299s     |
             | 3       | Video      | 20s        | 299s     |
             | 4       | Video      | 30s        | 299s     |
             | 5       | Video      | 40s        | 299s     |
             | 6       | Audio      | 0          | 299s     |
             | 7       | Audio      | 10s        | 299s     |
             | 8       | Audio      | 20s        | 299s     |
             | 9       | Audio      | 30s        | 299s     |
             | 10      | Audio      | 40s        | 299s     |
             +---------+------------+------------+----------+

         Table 6: Media Timeline for Video and Audio media sources








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5.6.  Media Flow Competing with a Long TCP Flow

   In this test case, one or more media flows share the bottleneck link
   with at least one long lived TCP flow.  Long lived TCP flows download
   data throughout the session and are expected to have infinite amount
   of data to send and receive.  This is a scenario where a multimedia
   application co-exists with a large file download.  The test case
   measures the adaptivity of the candidate algorithm to competing
   traffic.  It addresses the requirement 3 in
   [I-D.ietf-rmcat-cc-requirements].

   Expected behavior: depending on the convergence observed in test case
   5.1 and 5.2, the candidate algorithm may be able to avoid congestion
   collapse.  In the worst case, the media stream will fall to the
   minimum media bit rate.

   Evaluation metrics : following metrics in addition to as described in
   Section 4.1.

   1.  Flow level:

       A.  TCP throughput.

       B.  Loss for the TCP flow

   Testbed topology: One (1) media source S1 is connected to the
   corresponding media sink, R1.  In addition, there is a long-live TCP
   flow sharing the same bottleneck link.  The media traffic is
   transported over the forward path and corresponding feedback/control
   traffic is transported over the backward path.  The TCP traffic goes
   over the forward path from, S_tcp with acknowledgment packets go over
   the backward path from, R_tcp.



















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         +--+                                                       +--+
         |S1|===== \              Forward -->              / =======|R1|
         +--+      \\                                     //        +--+
                    \\                                   //
            +-----+                             +-----+
            |  A  |---------------------------->|  B  |
            |     |<----------------------------|     |
            +-----+                             +-----+
                     //                                   \\
                    //        <-- Backward                 \\
        +-----+    //                                       \\    +-----+
        |S_tcp|=== /                                         \ ===|R_tcp|
        +-----+                                                   +-----+

     Figure 6: Testbed Topology for TCP vs congestion controlled media
                                   Flows

   Testbed attributes:

   o  Test duration: 120s

   o  Path characteristics:

      *  Reference bottleneck capacity: 2Mbps

      *  Path capacity ratio: 1.0

      *  Bottleneck queue size: [300ms, 1000ms]

   o  Application-related:

      *  Media Source:

         +  Media type: Video

            -  Media direction: forward

            -  Number of media sources: one (1)

            -  Media timeline:

               o  Start time: 5s.

               o  End time: 119s.

         +  Media type: Audio

            -  Media direction: forward



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            -  Number of media sources: one (1)

            -  Media timeline:

               o  Start time: 5s.

               o  End time: 119s.

      *  Additionally, implementers are encouraged to run the experiment
         with multiple media sources.

      *  Competing traffic:

         +  Number and Types of sources : one (1) and long-lived TCP

         +  Traffic direction : forward

         +  Congestion control: default TCP congestion control[RFC5681].

         +  Traffic timeline:

            -  Start time: 0s.

            -  End time: 119s.

   o  Test Specific Information: none

5.7.  Media Flow Competing with Short TCP Flows

   In this test case, one or more congestion controlled media flow
   shares the bottleneck link with multiple short-lived TCP flows.
   Short-lived TCP flows resemble the on/off pattern observed in the web
   traffic, wherein clients (browsers) connect to a server and download
   a resource (typically a web page, few images, text files, etc.) using
   several TCP connections (up to 4).  This scenario shows the
   performance of a multimedia application when several browser windows
   are active.  The test case measures the adaptivity of the candidate
   algorithm to competing web traffic, it addresses the requirements 1.E
   in [I-D.ietf-rmcat-cc-requirements].

   Depending on the number of short TCP flows, the cross-traffic either
   appears as a short burst flow or resembles a long TCP flow.  The
   intention of this test is to observe the impact of short-term burst
   on the behavior of the candidate algorithm.

   Evaluation metrics : following metrics in addition to as described in
   Section 4.1.




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   1.  Flow level:

       A.  Variation in the sending rate of the TCP flow.

       B.  TCP throughput.

   Testbed topology: The topology described here is same as the one
   described in Figure 6.

   Testbed attributes:

   o  Test duration: 300s

   o  Path characteristics:

      *  Reference bottleneck capacity: 2.0Mbps

      *  Path capacity ratio: 1.0

   o  Application-related:

      *  Media source:

         +  Media type: Video

            -  Media direction: forward

            -  Number of media sources: two (2)

            -  Media timeline:

               o  Start time: 5s.

               o  End time: 299s.

         +  Media type: Audio

            -  Media direction: forward

            -  Number of media sources: two (2)

            -  Media timeline:

               o  Start time: 5s.

               o  End time: 299s.

      *  Competing traffic:



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         +  Number and Types of sources : ten (10), short-lived TCP
            flows.

         +  Traffic direction : forward

         +  Congestion algorithm: default TCP Congestion control
            [RFC5681].

         +  Traffic timeline: each short TCP flow is modeled as a
            sequence of file downloads interleaved with idle periods.
            Not all short TCP flows start at the same time, 2 of them
            start in the ON state while rest of the 8 flows start in an
            OFF stats.  For description of short TCP flow model see test
            specific information below.

   o  Test Specific Information:

      *  Short-TCP traffic model: The short TCP model to be used in this
         test is described in [I-D.ietf-rmcat-eval-criteria].

5.8.  Media Pause and Resume

   In this test case, more than one real-time interactive media flows
   share the link bandwidth and all flows reach to a steady state by
   utilizing the link capacity in an optimum way.  At this stage one of
   the media flows is paused for a moment.  This event will result in
   more available bandwidth for the rest of the flows as they are on a
   shared link.  When the paused media flow resumes it would no longer
   have the same bandwidth share on the link.  It has to make it's way
   through the other existing flows in the link to achieve a fair share
   of the link capacity.  This test case is important specially for
   real-time interactive media which consists of more than one media
   flows and can pause/resume media flows at any point of time during
   the session.  This test case directly addresses the requirement
   number 5 in [I-D.ietf-rmcat-cc-requirements].  One can think it as a
   variation of test case defined in Section 5.4.  However, it is
   different as the candidate algorithms can use different strategies to
   increase its efficiency, for example in terms of fairness,
   convergence time, reduce oscillation etc, by capitalizing the fact
   that they have previous information of the link.

   Evaluation metrics : following metrics in addition to as described in
   Section 4.1.

   1.  Flow level:

       A.  Variation in sending bit rate and goodput.  Mainly observing
           the frequency and magnitude of oscillations.



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   Testbed Topology: Same as test case defined in Section 5.4

   Testbed attributes: The general description of the testbed parameters
   are same as Section 5.4 with changes in the test specific setup as
   below-

   o  Other test specific setup:

      *  Media flow timeline:

         +  Flow ID: one (1)

         +  Start time: 0s

         +  Flow duration: 119s

         +  Pause time: not required

         +  Resume time: not required

      *  Media flow timeline:

         +  Flow ID: two (2)

         +  Start time: 0s

         +  Flow duration: 119s

         +  Pause time: at 40s

         +  Resume time: at 60s

      *  Media flow timeline:

         +  Flow ID: three (3)

         +  Start time: 0s

         +  Flow duration:119s

         +  Pause time: not required

         +  Resume time: not required








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6.  Other potential test cases

   It has been noticed that there are other interesting test cases
   besides the basic test cases listed above.  In many aspects, these
   additional test cases can help further evaluation of the candidate
   algorithm.  They are listed as below.

6.1.  Media Flows with Priority

   In this test case media flows will have different priority levels.
   This will be an extension of Section 5.4 where the same test will be
   run with different priority levels imposed on each of the media
   flows.  For example, the first flow (S1) is assigned a priority of 2
   whereas the remaining two flows (S2 and S3) are assigned a priority
   of 1.  The candidate algorithm MUST reflect the relative priorities
   assigned to each media flow.  In the previous example, the first flow
   (S1) MUST arrive at a steady-state rate approximately twice of that
   of the other two flows (S2 and S3).

   The candidate algorithm can use a coupled congestion control
   mechanism for the bandwidth distribution according to the respective
   media flow priority.

6.2.  Explicit Congestion Notification Usage

   This test case requires to run all the basic test cases with the
   availability of Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) [RFC6679]
   feature enabled.  The goal of this test is to exhibit that the
   candidate algorithms do not fail when ECN signals are available.
   With ECN signals enabled the algorithms are expected to perform
   better than their delay based variants.

6.3.  Multiple Bottlenecks

   In this test case one congestion controlled media flow, S1->R2,
   traverses a path with multiple bottlenecks.  As illustrated in
   Figure 7, the first flow (S1->R1) competes with the second congestion
   controlled media flow (S2->R2) over the link between A and B which is
   close to the sender side; again, that flow (S1->R1) competes with the
   third congestion controlled media flow (S3->R3) over the link between
   C and D which is close to the receiver side.  The goal of this test
   is to ensure that the candidate algorithms work properly in the
   presence of multiple bottleneck links on the end to end path.

   Expected behavior: the candidate algorithm is expected to achieve
   full utilization at both bottleneck links without starving any of the
   three congestion controlled media flows.




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                               Forward ---->


               +---+          +---+        +---+      +---+
               |S2 |          |R2 |        |S3 |      |R3 |
               +---+          +---+        +---+      +---+
                 |              |            |          |
                 |              |            |          |
  +---+       +-----+       +-----+      +-----+     +-----+       +---+
  |S1 |=======|  A  |------>|  B  |----->|  C  |---->|  D  |=======|R1 |
  +---+       |     |<------|     |<-----|     |<----|     |       +---+
              +-----+       +-----+      +-----+     +-----+

                       1st                       2nd
                Bottleneck (A->B)          Bottleneck (C->D)

                             <------ Backward




            Figure 7: Testbed Topology for Multiple Bottlenecks

   Testbed topology: Three media sources S1, S2, and S3 are connected to
   respective destinations R1, R2, and R3.  For all three flows the
   media traffic is transported over the forward path and corresponding
   feedback/control traffic is transported over the backward path.

   Testbed attributes:

   o  Test duration: 300s

   o  Path characteristics:

      *  Reference bottleneck capacity: 2Mbps.

      *  Path capacity ratio between A and B: 1.0

      *  Path capacity ratio between B and C: 4.0.

      *  Path capacity ratio between C and D: 0.75.

      *  One-Way propagation delay:

         1.  Between S1 and R1: 100ms

         2.  Between S2 and R2: 40ms




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         3.  Between S3 and R3: 40ms

   o  Application-related:

      *  Media Source:

         +  Media type: Video

            -  Media direction: Forward

            -  Number of media sources: Three (3)

            -  Media timeline:

               o  Start time: 0s.

               o  End time: 299s.

         +  Media type: Audio

            -  Media direction: Forward

            -  Number of media sources: Three (3)

            -  Media timeline:

               o  Start time: 0s.

               o  End time: 299s.

      *  Competing traffic:

         +  Number of sources : Zero (0)

7.  Wireless Access Links

   Additional wireless network (both cellular network and WiFi network)
   specific test cases are defined in [I-D.ietf-rmcat-wireless-tests].

8.  Security Considerations

   Security issues have not been discussed in this memo.

9.  IANA Considerations

   There are no IANA impacts in this memo.





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10.  Acknowledgements

   Much of this document is derived from previous work on congestion
   control at the IETF.

   The content and concepts within this document are a product of the
   discussion carried out in the Design Team.

11.  References

11.1.  Normative References

   [RFC6679]  Westerlund, M., Johansson, I., Perkins, C., O'Hanlon, P.,
              and K. Carlberg, "Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN)
              for RTP over UDP", RFC 6679, DOI 10.17487/RFC6679, August
              2012, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6679>.

   [RFC3550]  Schulzrinne, H., Casner, S., Frederick, R., and V.
              Jacobson, "RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time
              Applications", STD 64, RFC 3550, DOI 10.17487/RFC3550,
              July 2003, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3550>.

   [RFC3551]  Schulzrinne, H. and S. Casner, "RTP Profile for Audio and
              Video Conferences with Minimal Control", STD 65, RFC 3551,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC3551, July 2003,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3551>.

   [RFC3611]  Friedman, T., Ed., Caceres, R., Ed., and A. Clark, Ed.,
              "RTP Control Protocol Extended Reports (RTCP XR)",
              RFC 3611, DOI 10.17487/RFC3611, November 2003,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3611>.

   [RFC4585]  Ott, J., Wenger, S., Sato, N., Burmeister, C., and J. Rey,
              "Extended RTP Profile for Real-time Transport Control
              Protocol (RTCP)-Based Feedback (RTP/AVPF)", RFC 4585,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC4585, July 2006,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4585>.

   [RFC5506]  Johansson, I. and M. Westerlund, "Support for Reduced-Size
              Real-Time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP): Opportunities
              and Consequences", RFC 5506, DOI 10.17487/RFC5506, April
              2009, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5506>.

   [I-D.ietf-rmcat-eval-criteria]
              Singh, V., Ott, J., and S. Holmer, "Evaluating Congestion
              Control for Interactive Real-time Media", draft-ietf-
              rmcat-eval-criteria-06 (work in progress), September 2016.




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   [I-D.ietf-rmcat-wireless-tests]
              Sarker, Z., Johansson, I., Zhu, X., Fu, J., Tan, W., and
              M. Ramalho, "Evaluation Test Cases for Interactive Real-
              Time Media over Wireless Networks", draft-ietf-rmcat-
              wireless-tests-03 (work in progress), November 2016.

   [I-D.ietf-rmcat-video-traffic-model]
              Zhu, X., Cruz, S., and Z. Sarker, "Modeling Video Traffic
              Sources for RMCAT Evaluations", draft-ietf-rmcat-video-
              traffic-model-02 (work in progress), January 2017.

11.2.  Informative References

   [RFC5681]  Allman, M., Paxson, V., and E. Blanton, "TCP Congestion
              Control", RFC 5681, DOI 10.17487/RFC5681, September 2009,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5681>.

   [I-D.ietf-rmcat-cc-requirements]
              Jesup, R. and Z. Sarker, "Congestion Control Requirements
              for Interactive Real-Time Media", draft-ietf-rmcat-cc-
              requirements-09 (work in progress), December 2014.

   [xiph-seq]
              Xiph.org, , "Video Test Media",
              http://media.xiph.org/video/derf/ .

   [HEVC-seq]
              HEVC, , "Test Sequences",
              http://www.netlab.tkk.fi/~varun/test_sequences/ .

Authors' Addresses

   Zaheduzzaman Sarker
   Ericsson AB
   Luleae, SE  977 53
   Sweden

   Phone: +46 10 717 37 43
   Email: zaheduzzaman.sarker@ericsson.com












Sarker, et al.          Expires October 30, 2017               [Page 31]


Internet-Draft          Test Scenarios for RMCAT              April 2017


   Varun Singh
   Nemu Dialogue Systems Oy
   Runeberginkatu 4c A 4
   Helsinki  00100
   Finland

   Email: varun.singh@iki.fi
   URI:   http://www.callstats.io/


   Xiaoqing Zhu
   Cisco Systems
   12515 Research Blvd
   Austing, TX  78759
   USA

   Email: xiaoqzhu@cisco.com


   Michael A. Ramalho
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   6310 Watercrest Way Unit 203
   Lakewood Ranch, FL  34202-5211
   USA

   Phone: +1 919 476 2038
   Email: mramalho@cisco.com
























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