PPPEXT Working Group                                          Ryan Hurst
INTERNET-DRAFT                                            Ashwin Palekar
Category: Informational                            Microsoft Corporation
Expires: December 25, 2007                                  12 June 2007


                     Microsoft EAP CHAP Extensions
                draft-kamath-pppext-eap-mschapv2-02.txt

   By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any
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   This Internet-Draft will expire on December 25, 2007.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007).

Abstract

   This document defines the Microsoft EAP CHAP Extensions Protocol,
   Version 2, which encapsulates the MS-CHAPv2 protocol defined in RFC
   2759, within EAP as defined in RFC 3748.










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Table of Contents

1.     Introduction ..........................................    3
   1.1       Requirements language ...........................    3
   1.2       Terminology .....................................    3
2.     EAP MS-CHAP-v2 Packet Format ..........................    4
   2.1.      Challenge packet ................................    5
   2.2.      Response packet .................................    7
   2.3.      Success Request packet ..........................    9
   2.4.      Success Response packet .........................   11
   2.5.      Failure Request packet ..........................   12
   2.6.      Failure Response packet .........................   14
   2.7.      Change-Password packet ..........................   15
   2.8.      Alternative failure behavior ....................   17
   2.9.      Known bugs ......................................   18
3.  Security claims ..........................................   18
4.  References ...............................................   19
   4.1       Normative references ............................   19
   4.2       Informative references ..........................   20
Appendix A - Examples ........................................   22
Acknowledgments ..............................................   25
Author Addresses .............................................   25
Full Copyright Statement .....................................   25
Intellectual Property ........................................   26



























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1.  Introduction

   The Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP), described in [RFC3748],
   provides a standard mechanism for support of multiple authentication
   methods.  Through the use of EAP, support for a number of
   authentication schemes may be added, including smart cards, Kerberos,
   Public Key, One Time Passwords, and others.

   This document defines the Microsoft EAP CHAP Extensions Protocol,
   Version 2, which encapsulates the MS-CHAP-v2 protocol, defined in
   [RFC2759], within EAP.  As with MS-CHAP-v2,  EAP-MSCHAPv2 supports
   mutual authentication and key derivation.  The way EAP-MSCHAPv2
   derived keys are used with the Microsoft Point to Point Encryption
   (MPPE) cipher is described in [RFC3079].

   EAP MS-CHAP-V2 provides mutual authentication between peers by
   piggybacking a peer challenge on the Response packet and an
   authenticator response on the Success packet.

1.1.  Requirements language

   In this document, several words are used to signify the requirements
   of the specification.  The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED",
   "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED",  "MAY",
   and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
   "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels" [RFC2119].

1.2.  Terminology

   This document frequently uses the following terms:

Authenticator
     The end of the link requiring the authentication.

Peer The other end of the point-to-point link; the end which is being
     authenticated by the authenticator.

silently discard
     This means the implementation discards the packet without further
     processing.  The implementation SHOULD provide the capability of
     logging the error, including the contents of the silently discarded
     packet, and SHOULD record the event in a statistics counter.









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2.  EAP MS-CHAP-v2 Packet Format

   A summary of the EAP MS-CHAP-V2 packet format is shown below.  The
   fields are transmitted from left to right.

 0                   1                   2                   3
 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|     Code      |   Identifier  |            Length             |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|     Type      |   OpCode      |  MS-CHAPv2-ID |  MS-Length...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|   MS-Length   |     Data...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

Code

   1 - Request
   2 - Response

Identifier

   The Identifier field is one octet and aids in matching responses with
   requests.

Length

   The Length field is two octets and indicates the length of the EAP
   packet including the Code, Identifier, Length, Type, OpCode, MS-
   CHAPv2-ID, MS-Length and Data fields.  Octets outside the range of
   the Length field should be treated as Data Link Layer padding and
   should be ignored on reception.

Type

   26 - EAP MS-CHAP-V2

OpCode

   The OpCode field is one octet and identifies the type of EAP MS-CHAP-
   v2 packet.  OpCodes are assigned as follows:

   1       Challenge
   2       Response
   3       Success
   4       Failure
   7       Change-Password




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MS-CHAPv2-ID

   The MS-CHAPv2-ID field is one octet and aids in matching MSCHAP-v2
   responses with requests. Typically, the MS-CHAPv2-ID field is the
   same as the Identifier field.

MS-Length

   The MS-Length field is two octets and MUST be set to the value of the
   Length field minus 5.

Data

   The format of the Data field is determined by the OpCode field.

2.1.  Challenge packet

   The Challenge packet is used to begin the EAP MS-CHAP-V2 protocol.
   The authenticator MUST transmit an EAP Request packet with Type=26,
   and the OpCode field set to 1 (Challenge).  The format of the EAP MS-
   CHAP-v2 Challenge packet is shown below.  The fields are transmitted
   from left to right.

 0                   1                   2                   3
 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|     Code      |   Identifier  |            Length             |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|     Type      |   OpCode      |  MS-CHAPv2-ID |  MS-Length...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|   MS-Length   |  Value-Size   |  Challenge...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|                             Challenge...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|                             Name...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

Code

   1 - Request

Identifier

   The Identifier field is one octet.  The Identifier field MUST be the
   same if a Request packet is retransmitted due to a timeout while
   waiting for a Response.  Any new (non-retransmission) Requests MUST
   modify the Identifier field.  If a peer receives a duplicate Request
   for which it has already sent a Response, it MUST resend it's



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   Response.  If a peer receives a duplicate Request before it has sent
   a Response to the initial Request (i.e. it's waiting for user input),
   it MUST silently discard the duplicate Request.

Length

   The Length field is two octets and indicates the length of the EAP
   packet including the Code, Identifier, Length, Type, OpCode, MS-
   CHAPv2-ID, MS-Length, Value-Size, Challenge, and Name fields.  Octets
   outside the range of the Length field should be treated as Data Link
   Layer padding and should be ignored on reception.

Type

   26 - EAP MS-CHAP-V2

OpCode

   1 - Challenge

MS-CHAPv2-ID

   The MS-CHAPv2-ID field is one octet and aids in matching MSCHAP-v2
   responses with requests. Typically, the MS-CHAPv2-ID field is the
   same as the Identifier field.

MS-Length

   The MS-Length field is two octets and MUST be set to the value of the
   Length field minus 5.

Value-Size

   This field is one octet and indicates the length of the Challenge
   field.  Since EAP MS-CHAPv2 utilizes a 16 octet Challenge field, it
   is set to 0x10 (16 decimal).

Challenge

   The Challenge field is 16 octets.  The most significant octet is
   transmitted first.  The Challenge MUST be changed each time a
   Challenge is sent.

Name

   The Name field is one or more octets representing the identification
   of the system transmitting the packet.  There are no limitations on
   the content of this field.  The Name should not be NUL or CR/LF



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   terminated.  The size of the Name field is equal to Length - Value-
   Size - 10.

2.2.  Response packet

   The format of the EAP MS-CHAP-v2 Response packet is shown below.  The
   fields are transmitted from left to right.

 0                   1                   2                   3
 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|     Code      |   Identifier  |            Length             |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|     Type      |   OpCode      |  MS-CHAPv2-ID |  MS-Length...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|   MS-Length   |  Value-Size   |    Response...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|                             Response...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|                             Name...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

Code

   2 - Response

Identifier

   The Identifier field is one octet and contains the value included in
   the EAP Request to which it responds.

Length

   The Length field is two octets and indicates the length of the EAP
   packet including the Code, Identifier, Length, Type, OpCode, MS-
   CHAPv2-ID, MS-Length, Value-Size, Response, and Name fields.  Octets
   outside the range of the Length field should be treated as Data Link
   Layer padding and should be ignored on reception.

Type

   26 - EAP MS-CHAP-V2

OpCode

   2 - Response





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MS-CHAPv2-ID

   The MS-CHAPv2-ID field is one octet and aids in matching MSCHAP-v2
   responses with requests. Typically, the MS-CHAPv2-ID field is the
   same as the Identifier field.

MS-Length

   The MS-Length field is two octets and MUST be set to the value of the
   Length field minus 5.

Value-Size

   This field is one octet and indicates the length of the Response
   field.  It is set to 0x31 (Decimal 49).

Response

   The Response field is 49 octets.  The most significant octet is
   transmitted first.  It is sub-formatted as follows:

                  16 octets: Peer-Challenge
                  8 octets: Reserved, must be zero
                  24 octets: NT-Response
                  1 octet : Flags

   The Peer-Challenge field is a 16-octet random number.  As the name
   implies, it is generated by the peer and is used in the calculation
   of the NT-Response field, below.  Peers need not duplicate
   Microsoft's algorithm for selecting the 16-octet value, but the
   standard guidelines on randomness [RFC1750] SHOULD be observed.

   The NT-Response field is an encoded function of the password, the
   Name field of the Response packet, the contents of the Peer-Challenge
   field and the received Challenge as output by the routine
   GenerateNTResponse() defined in  [RFC2759], Section 8.1.

   The Windows NT password is a string of 0 to (theoretically) 256 case-
   sensitive Unicode [UNICODE] characters.  Current versions of Windows
   NT limit passwords to 14 characters, mainly for compatibility
   reasons; this may change in the future.  When computing the NT-
   Response field contents, only the user name is used, without any
   associated Windows NT domain name.  This is true regardless of
   whether a Windows NT domain name is present in the Name field (see
   below).

   The Flag field is reserved for future use and MUST be zero.




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   Whenever a Response packet is received, the authenticator compares
   the Response Value with its own calculation of the expected value. If
   the values match, then the authenticator MUST send a Success-Request
   packet, as described in Section 2.3.  If the values do not match, and
   if the error is retryable, then a Failure-Request packet MUST be sent
   as described in Section 2.5. If the values do not match, and the
   error is not retryable, then  a Failure-Request packet (described in
   Section 2.5) SHOULD be sent, or alternatively, the authentication MAY
   be  terminated (as described in Section 2.8) such as by sending an
   EAP Failure.

Name

   The Name field is a string of 0 to (theoretically) 256 case-sensitive
   ASCII characters which identifies the peer's user account name.  The
   Windows NT domain name may prefix the user's account name (e.g.
   BIGCO\johndoe where BIGCO is a Windows NT domain containing the user
   account johndoe).  If a domain is not provided, the backslash should
   also be omitted, (e.g. johndoe).  The Name SHOULD NOT be NUL or CR/LF
   terminated.  The size of the Name field is determined from the Length
   - Value-Size - 10.

2.3.  Success Request packet

   If the value received in the Response field of the EAP MS-CHAP-V2
   Response packet is equal to the expected value, then the
   implementation MUST transmit an EAP MS-CHAP-V2 Request packet with
   the OpCode field set to 3 (Success).

   The format of the EAP MS-CHAP-v2 Success Request packet is shown
   below. The fields are transmitted from left to right.

 0                   1                   2                   3
 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|     Code      |   Identifier  |            Length             |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|     Type      |   OpCode      |  MS-CHAPv2-ID |  MS-Length...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|   MS-Length   |                    Message...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

Code

   1 - Request






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Identifier

   The Identifier field is one octet.  The Identifier field MUST be the
   same if a Request packet is retransmitted due to a timeout while
   waiting for a Response.  Any new (non-retransmission) Requests MUST
   modify the Identifier field.  If a peer receives a duplicate Request
   for which it has already sent a Response, it MUST resend it's
   Response.  If a peer receives a duplicate Request before it has sent
   a Response to the initial Request (i.e. it's waiting for user input),
   it MUST silently discard the duplicate Request.

Length

   The Length field is two octets and indicates the length of the EAP
   packet including the Code, Identifier, Length, Type, OpCode, MS-
   CHAPv2-ID, MS-Length, and Message fields.  Octets outside the range
   of the Length field should be treated as Data Link Layer padding and
   should be ignored on reception.

Type

   26 - EAP MS-CHAP-V2

OpCode

   3 - Success

MS-CHAPv2-ID

   The MS-CHAPv2-ID field is one octet and aids in matching MSCHAP-v2
   responses with requests.  Typically, the MS-CHAPv2-ID field is the
   same as the Identifier field.

MS-Length

   The MS-Length field is two octets and MUST be set to the value of the
   Length field minus 5.

Message

   The Message field contains a 42-octet authenticator response string
   and a printable message.  The format of the message field is
   illustrated below.

      "S=<auth_string> M=<message>"

   The <auth_string> quantity is a 20 octet number encoded in ASCII as
   40 hexadecimal digits.  The hexadecimal digits A-F (if present) MUST



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   be uppercase.  This number is derived from the challenge from the
   Challenge packet, the Peer-Challenge and NT-Response fields from the
   Response packet, and the peer password as output by the routine
   GenerateAuthenticatorResponse() defined in [RFC2759], Section 8.7.
   The authenticating peer MUST verify the authenticator response when a
   Success packet is received.  The method for verifying the
   authenticator is described in [RFC2759], section 8.8.  If the
   authenticator response is either missing or incorrect, the peer MUST
   end the session without sending a response.

   The <message> quantity is human-readable text in the appropriate
   charset and language [RFC2484].

2.4.  Success Response packet

   In the peer successfully validates the EAP MS-CHAP-V2 Success Request
   packet sent by the authenticator, then it MUST respond with an EAP
   MS-CHAP-V2 Success Response packet with the OpCode field set to 3
   (Success).

   The format of the EAP MS-CHAP-v2 Success Response packet is shown
   below.  The fields are transmitted from left to right.

 0                   1                   2                   3
 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|     Code      |   Identifier  |            Length             |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|     Type      |   OpCode      |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

Code

   2 - Response

Identifier

   The Identifier field is one octet and contains the value included in
   the EAP Request to which it responds.

Length

   6








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Type

   26 - EAP MS-CHAP-V2

OpCode

   3 - Success

2.5.  Failure Request packet

   If the Value received in a Response is not equal to the expected
   value, and the error is retryable, then  the implementation MUST
   transmit an EAP MS-CHAP-v2 Request packet with the OpCode field set
   to 4 (Failure).  If the error is not retryable, then the
   implementation SHOULD transmit an EAP MS-CHAP-v2 Failure Request
   packet, or it MAY terminate the authentication (e.g. send an EAP
   Failure packet). The former approach is preferable, since this
   enables the cause of the error to be communicated.

   The format of the EAP MS-CHAP-v2 Failure Request packet is shown
   below.  The fields are transmitted from left to right.

 0                   1                   2                   3
 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|     Code      |   Identifier  |            Length             |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|     Type      |   OpCode      |  MS-CHAPv2-ID |  MS-Length...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|   MS-Length   |                    Message...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

Code

   1 - Request

Identifier

   The Identifier field is one octet.  The Identifier field MUST be the
   same if a Request packet is retransmitted due to a timeout while
   waiting for a Response.  Any new (non-retransmission) Requests MUST
   modify the Identifier field.  If a peer receives a duplicate Request
   for which it has already sent a Response, it MUST resend it's
   Response.  If a peer receives a duplicate Request before it has sent
   a Response to the initial Request (i.e. it's waiting for user input),
   it MUST silently discard the duplicate Request.





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Length

   The Length field is two octets and indicates the length of the EAP
   packet including the Code, Identifier, Length, Type, OpCode, MS-
   CHAPv2-ID, MS-Length, and Message fields.  Octets outside the range
   of the Length field should be treated as Data Link Layer padding and
   should be ignored on reception.

Type

   26 - EAP MS-CHAP-V2

OpCode

   4 - Failure

MS-CHAPv2-ID

   The MS-CHAPv2-ID field is one octet and aids in matching MSCHAP-v2
   responses with requests. Typically, the MS-CHAPv2-ID field is the
   same as the Identifier field.

MS-Length

   The MS-Length field is two octets and MUST be set to the value of the
   Length field minus 5.

Message

   The Message field format is:

     "E=eeeeeeeeee R=r C=cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc V=vvvvvvvvvv M=<msg>"

   where

   The "eeeeeeeeee" is the ASCII representation of a decimal error code
   corresponding to one of those listed below, though implementations
   should deal with codes not on this list gracefully. The error code
   need not be 10 digits long.

        646 ERROR_RESTRICTED_LOGON_HOURS
        647 ERROR_ACCT_DISABLED
        648 ERROR_PASSWD_EXPIRED
        649 ERROR_NO_DIALIN_PERMISSION
        691 ERROR_AUTHENTICATION_FAILURE
        709 ERROR_CHANGING_PASSWORD

   The "r" is a single character ASCII flag set to '1' if a retry is



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   allowed, and '0' if not.  Typically, errors 646, 647, and 649 are
   non-retryable (R=0). When the authenticator sets this flag to '1' it
   disables short timeouts, expecting the peer to prompt the user for
   new credentials and resubmit the response. The
   "cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc" is the ASCII representation of a
   hexadecimal challenge value.  This field MUST be exactly 32 octets
   long and MUST be present.

   The "vvvvvvvvvv" is the ASCII representation of a decimal version
   code (need not be 10 digits) indicating the password changing
   protocol version supported on the server.  For EAP MS-CHAP-V2, this
   value MUSTalways be 3.

   <msg> is human-readable text in the appropriate charset and language
   [RFC2484].

2.6.  Failure Response packet

   When the peer receives a Failure Request packet that is retryable
   (R=1),  the authentication MAY be retried. For example, a new
   Response packet, or Change Password packet MAY be sent. In these
   cases a Failure Response packet is not sent.

   However, if the EAP MS-CHAPv2 Failure Request is non-retryable (R=0),
   then the peer SHOULD transmit an EAP MS-CHAP-v2 Response packet with
   the OpCode field set to 4 (Failure). The format of the EAP MS-CHAP-v2
   Failure Response packet is shown below. The fields are transmitted
   from left to right.

 0                   1                   2                   3
 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|     Code      |   Identifier  |            Length             |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|     Type      |   OpCode      |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

Code

   2 - Response

Identifier

   The Identifier field is one octet and contains the value included in
   the EAP Request to which it responds.






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Length

   6

Type

   26 - EAP MS-CHAP-V2

OpCode

   4 - Failure

2.7.  Change-Password packet

   The Change-Password packet does not appear in either standard CHAP or
   MS-CHAP-V1.  It allows the peer to change the password on the account
   specified in the preceding Response packet.  The Change-Password
   packet should be sent only if the authenticator reports
   ERROR_PASSWD_EXPIRED (E=648) in the Message field of the Failure
   packet.

   The format of the EAP MS-CHAP-v2 Change Password packet is shown
   below.  The fields are transmitted from left to right.

 0                   1                   2                   3
 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|     Code      |   Identifier  |            Length             |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|     Type      |   OpCode      |  MS-CHAPv2-ID |  MS-Length...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|   MS-Length   |                    Data...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

Code

   2 - Response

Identifier

   The Identifier field is one octet and aids in matching responses with
   requests.  The value is the Identifier of the received Failure packet
   to which this packet responds.

Length

   The Length field is two octets and indicates the length of the EAP
   packet including the Code, Identifier, Length, Type, OpCode, MS-



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   CHAPv2-ID, MS-Length and Data  fields.  Octets outside the range of
   the Length field should be treated as Data Link Layer padding and
   should be ignored on reception. For the Change Password packet, the
   length = 591.

Type

   26 - EAP MS-CHAP-V2

OpCode

   7 - Change Password

MS-CHAPv2-ID

   The MS-CHAPv2-ID field is one octet and aids in matching MSCHAP-v2
   responses with requests.  Typically, the MS-CHAPv2-ID field is the
   same as the Identifier field.

MS-Length

   The MS-Length field is two octets and MUST be set to the value of the
   Length field minus 5.

Data

   The Data field is 582 octets in length, and is subdivided as follows:

        516 octets : Encrypted-Password
         16 octets : Encrypted-Hash
         16 octets : Peer-Challenge
          8 octets : Reserved
         24 octets : NT-Response
          2-octet  : Flags

Encrypted-Password

   The Encrypted-Password field is 516 octets in length, and contains
   the PWBLOCK form of the new Windows NT password encrypted with the
   old Windows NT password hash, as output by the
   NewPasswordEncryptedWithOldNtPasswordHash() routine defined in
   [RFC2759], Section 8.9.

Encrypted-Hash

   The Encrypted-Hash field is 16 octets in length and contains the old
   Windows NT password hash encrypted with the new Windows NT password
   hash, as output by the



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   OldNtPasswordHashEncryptedWithNewNtPasswordHash() routine, defined in
   [RFC2759], Section 8.12.

Peer-Challenge

   The Peer-Challenge field is 16 octets in length, and contains a
   16-octet random quantity, as described in the Response packet
   description.

Reserved

   8 octets, must be zero.

NT-Response

   The NT-Response field is 24 octets in length and is as described in
   the Response packet description. However it is calculated on the new
   password and the challenge received in the Failure packet.

Flags

   The Flags field is two octets in length.  It is a bit field of option
   flags where 0 is the least significant bit of the 16-bit quantity.
   The format of this field is illustrated in the following diagram:

                  1
        5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                               |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

       Bits 0-15
       Reserved, always clear (0).

2.8.  Alternative failure behavior

   Rather than sending a Failure Request as described in Section 2.5, if
   the error is non-retryable (e.g. R=0), or if the maximum number of
   retries has been exhausted, then the Authenticator MAY terminate the
   authentication conversation. Where EAP MS-CHAP-V2 is running
   standalone (e.g. without PEAP), this will result in transmission of
   an EAP Failure message to the authenticator. Since EAP Failure
   packets do not carry additional data, no error message may be
   transmitted to the peer.







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2.9.  Known bugs

   In Windows XP SP1, Failure Request packets are only sent where the
   error is retryable (R=1). Rather than sending a Failure Request with
   a non-retryable error (R=0), a Windows XP SP1 authenticator will
   terminate authentication.  This is undesirable, because it prevents
   non-retryable error messages from being received by the peer. A
   Windows XP SP1 host, on receiving a Failure Request packet with a
   non-retryable error (R=0), will silently discard the packet.

   Since a Windows XP SP1 peer will respond to a retryable (R=1) Failure
   Request by retrying authentication (such as by sending a Response or
   Change-Password packet), and non-retryable (R=0) Failure Requests are
   silently discarded, Windows XP SP1 peers do not send Failure Response
   packets. If a Windows XP SP1 authenticator receives a Failure
   Response packet, it will be silently discarded.

3.  Security Claims

   EAP security claims are defined in [RFC3748] Section 7.2.1.  Using
   the terms defined there, the security properties of the Microsoft EAP
   MS-CHAP-v2 protocol are as follows:

         Auth. mechanism:           Password
         Ciphersuite negotiation:   No
         Mutual authentication:     Yes
         Integrity protection:      Yes
         Replay protection:         Yes
         Confidentiality:           No
         Key derivation:            Yes
         Key strength:              Depends on password policy
         Dictionary attack prot.:   No
         Fast reconnect:            No
         Crypt. binding:            N/A
         Session independence:      Depends on password policy
         Fragmentation:             No
         Channel binding:           No

   The Microsoft EAP MS-CHAP-v2 protocol is based on MS-CHAP-v2 as
   defined in [RFC2759].  MS-CHAP-v2 is a password-based authentication
   method that supports mutual authentication.  While backward
   compatibility with MS-CHAP-v1 is supported, this does not really
   constitute a protected ciphersuite negotiation, since the
   cryptographic algorithms are largely fixed.

   Integrity and replay protection are supported.  As described in
   Section 2.2, the NT-Response field is an encoded function of the
   password, the Name field of the Response packet, the contents of the



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   Peer-Challenge field and the received Challenge.  The inclusion of
   both the Peer-Challenge and received challenge provides replay
   protection.  Fields within the EAP header (Code, Identifier, Length,
   Type) are not protected.

   Confidentiality is not supported; the Name field in both the
   Challenge and Response packets are sent in the clear.

   While Key Derivation is supported, the key strength is limited by the
   password policy.  As noted in Section 2.2, in practice the password
   may be limited to 14 octets.  If these octets are randomly chosen
   from the ASCII character set, then an effective key strength of 98
   bits can be obtained.  However, if the octets are only chosen from an
   English language dictionary, then an effective key strength of 2.2
   bits per octet or 31 bits will obtain.

   Session independence also depends on password policy.  Where the
   password is weak, it may be obtained via dictionary attack, in which
   case future and past keys can be calculated.  However, if the
   password is strong then the inclusion of nonces in both directions
   provides for session independence, absent invalidation of a
   cryptographic assumption.

   As noted in [PPTPv1] and [PPTPv2], the MS-CHAP-v2 protocol is subject
   to dictionary attack.  It is advised that this method only be used
   when protected from snooping by a tunnel method such as [PEAP];  this
   will also mask potential key strength issues.

   As the protocol exchanges fit within the minimum EAP MTU size defined
   in [RFC3748], there is no need for fragmentation support.  Fast
   reconnect and Channel binding are not supported.

4.  References

4.1.  Normative references

[RFC1320] Rivest, R., "MD4 Message Digest Algorithm", RFC 1320, April
          1992.

[RFC1994] Simpson, W., "PPP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
          (CHAP)", RFC 1994, August 1996.

[RFC1750] Eastlake, D., Crocker, S. and J. Schiller, "Randomness
          Recommendations for Security", RFC 1750, December 1994.

[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
          Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.




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INTERNET-DRAFT                EAP MS-CHAPv2                 12 June 2007


[RFC2433] Zorn, G. and Cobb, S., "Microsoft PPP CHAP Extensions", RFC
          2433, October 1998.

[RFC2484] Zorn, G., "PPP LCP Internationalization Configuration Option",
          RFC 2484, January 1999.

[RFC2759] Zorn, G., "Microsoft PPP CHAP Extensions, Version 2", RFC
          2759, January 2000.

[RFC3748] Blunk, L., "Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)", RFC
          3748, April 2004.

[RC4]     RC4 is a proprietary encryption algorithm available under
          license from RSA Data Security Inc.  For licensing
          information, contact:
                            RSA Data Security, Inc.
                            100 Marine Parkway
                            Redwood City, CA 94065-1031

[IEEE8021X]
          IEEE Standards for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Port
          Based Network Access Control, IEEE Std 802.1X-2001, June 2001.

[SHA1]    "Secure Hash Standard", Federal Information Processing
          Standards Publication 180-1, National Institute of Standards
          and Technology, April 1995.

[UNICODE] "The Unicode Standard, Version 2.0", The Unicode Consortium,
          Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-48345-9.

4.2.  Informative references

[RFC1570] Simpson, W., Editor, "PPP LCP Extensions", RFC 1570, January
          1994.

[RFC1661] Simpson, W., "The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)", STD 51, RFC
          1661, July 1994.

[DES]     "Data Encryption Standard (DES)", Federal Information
          Processing Standard Publication 46-2, National Institute of
          Standards and Technology, December 1993.

[DESMODES]
          "DES Modes of Operation", Federal Information Processing
          Standards Publication 81, National Institute of Standards and
          Technology, December 1980.





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[RFC3079] Zorn, G., "Deriving Keys for use with Microsoft Point-to-Point
          Encryption (MPPE)", RFC 3079, March 2001.

[PEAP]    Palekar, A., et al., "Protected EAP Protocol (PEAP) Version
          2", draft-josefsson-pppext-eap-tls-eap-08.txt, Internet draft
          (work in progress), April 2004.

[PPTPv1]  Schneier, B. and Mudge, "Cryptanalysis of Microsoft's Point-
          to- Point Tunneling Protocol", Proceedings of the 5th ACM
          Conference on Communications and Computer Security, ACM Press,
          November 1998.

[PPTPv2]  Schneier, B. and Mudge, "Cryptanalysis of Microsoft's PPTP
          Authentication Extensions (MS-CHAPv2)", CQRE '99, Springer-
          Verlag, 1999, pp. 192-203.




































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Appendix A - Examples

   In the case where the EAP-MS-CHAP-V2 authentication is successful,
   the conversation will appear as follows:

   Peer                   Authenticator
   ----                   -------------
                          <- EAP-Request/Identity
   EAP-Response/
   Identity (MyID) ->
                          <- EAP-Request/
                             EAP-Type=EAP MS-CHAP-V2
                             (Challenge)
   EAP-Response/
   EAP-Type=EAP-MS-CHAP-V2
   (Response)->
                          <- EAP-Request/
                             EAP-Type=EAP-MS-CHAP-V2
                             (Success)
   EAP-Response/
   EAP-Type=EAP-MS-CHAP-V2
   (Success) ->
                          <- EAP-Success

   In the case where the EAP MS-CHAP-V2 authentication is unsuccessful,
   due to a retryable error, the conversation will appear as follows
   (assuming a maximum of two retries):

   Peer                   Authenticator
   ----                   -------------
                          <- EAP-Request/Identity
   EAP-Response/
   Identity (MyID) ->
                          <- EAP-Request/
                             EAP-Type=EAP MS-CHAP-V2
                             (Challenge)
   EAP-Response/
   EAP-Type=EAP-MS-CHAP-V2
   (Response)->
                          <- EAP-Request/
                             EAP-Type=EAP-MS-CHAP-V2
                            (Failure, R=1)
   EAP-Response/
   EAP-Type=EAP-MS-CHAP-V2
   (Response) ->
                          <- EAP-Request/
                             EAP-Type=EAP-MS-CHAP-V2
                            (Failure, R=1)



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   EAP-Response/
   EAP-Type=EAP-MS-CHAP-V2
   (Response) ->

                          <- EAP-Failure

   In the case where the EAP MS-CHAP-V2 authentication is unsuccessful,
   due to a non-retryable error, the conversation will appear as follows
   (Windows XP SP1):

   Peer                   Authenticator
   ----                   -------------
                          <- EAP-Request/Identity
   EAP-Response/
   Identity (MyID) ->
                          <- EAP-Request/
                             EAP-Type=EAP MS-CHAP-V2
                             (Challenge)
   EAP-Response/
   EAP-Type=EAP-MS-CHAP-V2
   (Response)->
                          <- EAP-Failure

   In the case where the EAP MS-CHAP-V2 authentication is unsuccessful,
   due to a non-retryable error, and a Failure Request packet is sent,
   the conversation will appear as follows (behavior not exhibited by
   Windows XP SP1):

   Peer                   Authenticator
   ----                   -------------
                          <- EAP-Request/Identity
   EAP-Response/
   Identity (MyID) ->
                          <- EAP-Request/
                             EAP-Type=EAP MS-CHAP-V2
                             (Challenge)
   EAP-Response/
   EAP-Type=EAP-MS-CHAP-V2
   (Response)->
                          <- EAP-Request/
                             EAP-Type=EAP MS-CHAP-V2
                             (Failure, R=0)
   EAP-Response/
   EAP-Type=EAP-MS-CHAP-V2
   (Failure)->
                          <- EAP-Failure

   In the case where the EAP MS-CHAP-V2 authentication is initially



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   unsuccessful due to password expiration, but the subsequent Change
   Password operation succeeds, the conversation will appear as follows:

   Peer                   Authenticator
   ----                   -------------
                          <- EAP-Request/Identity
   EAP-Response/
   Identity (MyID) ->
                          <- EAP-Request/
                             EAP-Type=EAP MS-CHAP-V2
                             (Challenge)
   EAP-Response/
   EAP-Type=EAP-MS-CHAP-V2
   (Response)->
                          <- EAP-Request/
                             EAP-Type=MS-CHAP-V2
                             (Failure, R=1,
                              Message=ERROR_PASSWD_EXPIRED (E=648))
   EAP-Response/
   EAP-Type=EAP-MS-CHAP-V2
   (Change-Password) ->
                          <- EAP-Request/
                             EAP-Type=MS-CHAP-V2
                             (Success)
   EAP-Response/
   EAP-Type=EAP-MS-CHAP-V2
   (Success) ->
                           <- EAP-Success

   In the case where the EAP MS-CHAP-V2 authentication is unnsuccessful
   due to password failure and a successful retry occurs, the
   conversation appears as follows:

   Peer                   Authenticator
   ----                   -------------
                          <- EAP-Request/Identity
   EAP-Response/
   Identity (MyID) ->
                          <- EAP-Request/
                             EAP-Type=EAP MS-CHAP-V2
                             (Challenge)
   EAP-Response/
   EAP-Type=EAP-MS-CHAP-V2
   (Response)->
                          <- EAP-Request/
                             EAP-Type=MS-CHAP-V2
                            (Failure, R=1,
                             Message=ERROR_AUTHENTICATION_FAILURE (E=691)



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   EAP-Response/
   EAP-Type=EAP-MS-CHAP-V2
   (Response)->
                          <- EAP-Request/
                             EAP-Type=MS-CHAP-V2
                             (Success)
   EAP-Response/
   EAP-Type=EAP-MS-CHAP-V2
   (Success) ->
                          <- EAP-Success

Acknowledgments

   Thanks to Vivek Kamath, Mark Wodrich and Narendra Gidwani for
   discussions, comments and text relating to this document.

Authors' Addresses

   Vivek Kamath
   Ashwin Palekar
   Microsoft Corporation
   One Microsoft Way
   Redmond, WA 98052

   EMail: {vivek, ashwinp}@microsoft.com
   Phone: +1 425 882 8080
   Fax:   +1 425 936 7329

Full Copyright Statement

   Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007).

   This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions
   contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors
   retain all their rights.

   This document and the information contained herein are provided on an
   "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS
   OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY, THE IETF TRUST AND
   THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS
   OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF
   THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED
   WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.








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Intellectual Property

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Acknowledgment

   Funding for the RFC Editor function is provided by the IETF
   Administrative Support Activity (IASA).























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