Network Working Group P. Kim
Internet-Draft Korea Polytechnic University
Expires: April 25, 2009 S. Shin
NIA
October 26, 2008
Measuring IP Performance Metrics on Mobile Network
draft-pskim-ippm-nemo-measurement-00
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Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2008).
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Internet-Draft Measuring IP Performance Metrics Oct 2008
Abstract
In this draft, the new measurement scheme of IP performance metrics
is proposed for the mobile network in heterogeneous wireless network
environment. In the proposed scheme, all mobile nodes (MNs) inside
the mobile network can get IP performance metrics irrespective of
the presence or absence of measurement functionality. That is, the
proposed scheme does not require the MN to be involved in measuring
IP performance metrics. The multihomed mobile router (MR) with
heterogeneous wireless interfaces measures IP performance metrics
on behalf of the MNs inside the mobile network. Then, when MNs want
to understand the condition of multiple communication paths, MNs can
get measured IP performance metrics from the MR using L3 messages.
The proposed scheme can reduce burden and power consumption of MNs
with limited resource and battery power since MNs don't measure
directly IP performance metrics. In addition, the proposed scheme
can reduce considerably traffic overhead over wireless links on
measurement paths since signaling messages and injected testing
traffic are reduced.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Characteristics of End-to-End Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. Proposed Measurement Scheme for IP Performance Metrics . . . . 5
3.1 Overview of Proposed Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2 Main Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3 Operation Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.4 Advantage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 8
1. Introduction
Understanding the dynamic properties of the end-to-end IP
performance metrics, such as delay, jitter, bandwidth, packet loss,
is beneficial for the proper resource management in existing wired
and emerging wireless Internet services. The increasing trend in
the wireless Internet services means that the requested performance
for a certain service might not be guaranteed, not only because of
the air interface bandwidth limitation, but also due to a limitation
in the transport network's available bandwidth. Measuring IP
performance metrics is a very challenging task due to the
heterogeneity of the current systems and the different traffic
characteristics of different data flows[1]. In the recent decade,
the IP Performance Metrics (IPPM) working group defined a set of
standard metrics and has developed schemes for accurately measuring
these performance metrics.
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In the near future, airplanes, automobiles, and even people will
carry entire networks of IP devices that connect to the Internet,
which is called the mobile network. To deal with the mobility
support of mobile networks, the Network Mobility (NEMO) protocols
was created[2]. Through NEMO protocols, mobile nodes (MNs) on the
mobile network are unaware of their network's mobility; however,
they are provided with uninterrupted Internet access even when the
network changes its attachment point to the Internet.
Meanwhile, to access the Internet, today's mobile hosts often have
more than one wireless interfaces such as WLAN(802.11a/b/g),
WMAN(802.16e, WiBro), WWAN(3G, HSDPA), WPAN(802.15), etc. These
mobile hosts are called "multi-homing capable" because they can
connect to heterogeneous multiple networks. In recent, the
multi-homing has been investigated from an end-node point of view
not from a site point of view [3]. Once multiple wireless interfaces
are offered, users may want to select the most appropriate set of
wireless interface(s) depending on the network environment,
particularly in wireless networks which are mutable and less
reliable than wired networks. Users may also want to select the most
appropriate wireless interface per communication type or to combine
a set of interfaces to get sufficient bandwidth or more bandwidth
using bandwidth aggregation mechanism.
In this draft, a measurement scheme of IP performance metrics is
considered for the mobile network in heterogeneous wireless network
environment. There can be often many mobile nodes (MNs) in the
mobile network. The mobile router (MR) in the mobile network is
capable of changing its point of attachment to the Internet without
disrupting higher layer connections of attached devices. To consider
the heterogeneous wireless network environment, the MR is assumed to
be multi-homing, that is, have heterogeneous multiple wireless
interfaces, which enables the multi-path communication outside the
mobile network. Thus, MNs inside the mobile network can select the
most appropriate communication path depending on the network
environment and then communicate with corresponding hosts, such as
the IPTV server, media streaming server, web server, FTP server,
etc, via the multihomed MR. If MNs want to understand the condition
of multiple communication paths, they measure directly IP
performance metrics for each path. Therefore, all MNs inside the
mobile network are required to be involved in measuring IP
performance metrics and thus have to implement measurement
functionality, which can be somewhat burdensome and power
consumptive for MNs with limited resource and battery power. In
addition, there can be the number of measurement signaling messages
and injected testing traffic as shown in the active measurement
techniques, which can cause considerable traffic overhead over
wireless links on measurement paths. Therefore, to resolve these
problems, an alternative measurement scheme of IP performance
metrics for the mobile network should be developed.
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Therefore, in this draft, the new measurement scheme of IP
performance metrics is proposed for the mobile network in
heterogeneous wireless network environment. In the proposed scheme,
all MNs inside the mobile network can get IP performance metrics
irrespective of the presence or absence of measurement
functionality. That is, the proposed scheme does not require the MN
to be involved in measuring IP performance metrics. The multihomed
MR measures IP performance metrics on behalf of the MNs inside the
mobile network. Then, when MNs want to understand the condition of
multiple communication paths, MNs can get measured IP performance
metrics from the MR using L3 messages. These L3 messages can be
defined newly or reused by existing ICMP messages in [4]. The
proposed scheme can reduce burden and power consumption of MNs with
limited resource and battery power since MNs don't measure directly
IP performance metrics. In addition, the proposed scheme can reduce
considerably traffic overhead over wireless links on measurement
paths since signaling messages and injected testing traffic are
reduced.
2. Characteristics of End-to-End Path
This draft considers the mobile network in heterogeneous wireless
network environment. The mobile router (MR) is capable of changing
its point of attachment to the mobile network, moving from one link
to another link. To consider the heterogeneous wireless network
environment, the MR is assumed to be multi-homing, that is, have
heterogeneous multiple network interfaces which are categorized by
internal and external wireless interfaces. Internal wireless
interfaces are connected to MNs inside the mobile network and would
be WLAN (802.11a/b/g). External wireless interfaces are connected to
external base stations for WMAN (802.16e, WiBro) and WWAN
(3G, HSDPA). Therefore, the MR enables the multi-path communication
outside the mobile network through these heterogeneous wireless
interfaces. Meanwhile, mobile nodes (MNs) inside the mobile network
are assumed to have single network interface or heterogeneous
multiple wireless interfaces. Corresponding hosts (CHs) can be the
IPTV server, media streaming server, web server, FTP server, etc.
MNs inside the mobile network can communicate with CHs on multiple
paths via the multihomed MR.
The end-to-end multi-path from MNs inside the mobile network to CHs
outside the mobile network via the multihomed MR consists of
following three links.
(1) Link between MN and MR
Inside the mobile network, the WLAN(802.11a/b/g) will be generally
adopted as an air technology due to high transmission speed and
moderate coverage. Thus, MNs with WLAN interface can communicate via
the MR with internal WLAN interface inside the mobile network.
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(2) Link between MR and External BSs
Outside the mobile network, WMAN(802.16e, WiBro) and WWAN(3G, HSDPA)
will be generally adopted as an air technology due to wide coverage.
Thus, the MR with external WMAN and WWAN interfaces can communicate
via corresponding base stations (BSs). However, in this wireless
link, it is difficult to expect higher transmission speed than that
of the wireless link between MNs and MR using WLAN.
(3) Link between External BSs and CHs
This link consists generally of routers with high processing speed
and wired networks with high transmission speed.
3. Proposed Measurement Scheme for IP Performance Metrics
3.1 Overview of Proposed Scheme
If MNs inside the mobile network measure directly IP performance
metrics, they are required to be involved in the measurement
procedure and thus have to implement measurement functionality,
which can be somewhat burdensome and power consumptive for MNs with
limited resource and battery power. In addition, there can be the
number of measurement signaling messages and injected testing
traffic, which can cause considerable traffic overhead over the
wireless links, such as link between MN and MR, and link between MR
and external BS, on measurement paths. In addition, as mentioned
before, the wireless link between MR and external BS is likely to be
overloaded network link, that is, "bottleneck link". Moreover, if
there are many mobile networks connected to external BS, this
link is likely to be "tight link". This means that IP performance
metrics of the end-to-end multi-path might be mostly influenced by
the wireless link between MR and external BS.
With the consideration of these problems, in this draft, the new
measurement scheme of IP performance metrics is proposed for the
mobile network in heterogeneous wireless network environment. In the
proposed scheme, all MNs inside the mobile network can get IP
performance metrics irrespective of the presence or absence of
measurement functionality. That is, the proposed scheme does not
require the MN to be involved in measuring IP performance metrics.
The multihomed MR with heterogeneous wireless interfaces measures IP
performance metrics on behalf of the MNs inside the mobile network.
3.2 Main Components
Main components on the end-to-end measurement path consist of MNs,
the multihomed MR, and the measurement server.
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MNs inside the mobile network are assumed to have a single network
interface or heterogeneous multiple network interfaces. When MNs want
to get IP performance metrics to understand the condition of multiple
communication paths, they can request to the MR using the L3 message.
Also, MNs can get IP performance metrics that the MR provides
periodically.
The multihomed MR measures IP performance metrics on behalf of the
MNs inside the mobile network. Since the MR have heterogeneous
external wireless interfaces such as WMAN (802.16e, WiBro) and WWAN
(3G, HSDPA), the MR enables the multi-path communication outside the
mobile network and thus can measure IP performance metrics for all
paths through these heterogeneous external wireless interfaces.
The measurement server is a host that receives testing traffic,
calculates performance statistics, and response results of IP
performance metrics to the MR.
3.3 Operation Procedure
(1) Operation between MR and Measurement Server
On the multi-path between the multihomed MR and the measurement
server, IP performance metrics can be measured using existing
measurement schemes. Existing measurement schemes can be classified
into two categories: passive measurement and active measurement [1].
Passive measurement schemes use the trace history of existing data
transmission. While potentially very efficient and accurate, their
scope is limited to network paths that have recently carried user
traffic. Active measurement schemes, on the other hand, require
injecting testing traffic into network in order to realize
measurements. The basic idea of active measurement is that the
multihomed MR injects test traffic into the network to the
measurement server. Then, the measurement server receives testing
traffic, calculates performance statistics, and response results of
IP performance metrics to the multihomed MR. The MR receives and
stores them to provide for MNs inside the mobile network.
(2) Operation between MR and MNs
When MNs want to get IP performance metrics from the MR to
understand the condition of multiple communication paths, following
two methods can be available:
- Unsolicited Reqeust and Response : Irrespective of the request of
MNs, the MR broadcasts periodically measured IP performances
metrics to MNs inside the mobile network.
- Solicited Request and Response : A specific MN requests and then
the MR unicasts measured IP performance metrics to the
corresponding MN.
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Request and Response messages can be defined by the Internet Control
Message Protocol (ICMP) message format in [4]. For example, for
unsolicited request and response, the unsolicited router
advertisement (RA) message format in [5] can be reused by the
modification of type field. For solicited request and response,
route solicitation (RS) and router advertisement (RA) message
formats in [5] can be reused by the modification of type field.
Using obtained IP performance metrics, MNs can understand the
condition of multiple communication paths for each heterogeneous
multiple wireless interfaces. Then, MNs may want to select the most
appropriate path per communication type. If the condition of all
communication paths is unfavorable, MNs with heterogeneous multiple
wireless interfaces can connect to the corresponding BS directly,
not via the MR.
3.4 Advantages
The proposed scheme can reduce burden and power consumption of MNs
with limited resource and battery power since MNs don't measure
directly IP performance metrics. In addition, the proposed scheme
can reduce considerably traffic overhead over wireless links on
measurement paths since signaling messages and injected testing
traffic are reduced.
4. References
4.1. Informative references
[1] Paxson, V., G. Alimes, J. Mahdavi and M. Mathis, "Framework for
IP Performance Metrics", IETF RFC 2330, May 1998.
[2] Thubert, P., A. Petrescu, R. Wakikawa and V. Devarapalli,
"Network Mobility (NEMO) Basic Support Protocol", RFC 3963,
Jan 2005.
[3] Ernst, T. et al, "Motivations and Scenarios for Using Multiple
Interfaces and Global Addresses", ietf-monami6-multihoming-
motivation-scenario-03 (work in progress), May 2008.
[4] Conta, A., S. Deering, M. Gupta, "Internet Control Message
Protocol (ICMPv6) for the Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)
Specification", IETF RFC 4443, March 2006.
[5] Narten, T., E. Nordmark, W. Simpson, "Neighbor Discovery for
IP Version 6 (IPv6)", IETF RFC 2461, December 1998.
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Authors' Addresses
Pyungsoo Kim
Department of Electronics Engineering,
Korea Polytechnic University,
2121 Jungwang-Dong, Shiheung City,
Gyeonggi-Do 429-793
KOREA
Phone: +82 31 8041 0489
EMail: pskim@kpu.ac.kr
Sun-Young Shin
National Information Society Agency
NIA Bldg. 77, Myuko-Dong, Jung-Gu
Seoul, 110-775
KOREA
Email: shinsy@nia.or.kr
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