ETT-R&D Publications E. Terrell
IT Professional, Author / Researcher March 2002
Internet Draft
Category: Proposed Standard
Document: draft-terrell-schem-desgn-ipt1-ipt2-cmput-tel-numb-01.txt
Expires September 22, 2002
The Reality of the Schematic Design of the IPt1 and IPt2 Protocol
Specifications: 'It is Just the Computer's Telephone Number'
Status of this Memo
This document is an Internet-Draft, and is in full conformance
with all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026. Internet-Drafts
are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other
groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six
months and may be updated, replaced, or obsolete by other
documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use
Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other
than as "work in progress". The list of current Internet-Drafts
can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt.
The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed
at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.
Conventions
Please note, the Mathematics used to Derive the IPt1 and IPt2
IP Protocol Specifications, is Based upon the conclusions from
the Logic of Quantification, which resulted in a New System of
Enumeration for the Binary System. However, Appendix II, Tables
A-I, A-II, and A-III, depicts the IPt1 and IPt2 Protocol
Specifications using the Modern Binary System, which is used in
'IPv4'. And still, there is a noticeable increase in efficiency,
which is indeed, the hallmark of the Schematic these IP Protocol
Specifications represent.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents
Introduction: Re-Viewing the Design Structure of the IPv4 Protocol
Chapter I: The Computer's First Telephone Number, the IPt1 Design
Using the New Method of Enumeration for the Binary System
Chapter II: Developing the Country Code, and the Sub-Country code
Designations: The Design of the IPt2 Protocol
Chapter III: Security Considerations
Appendix I : Graphical Depiction of the Headers for the IPt1 and IPt2
Protocol Specifications
Appendix II: Using the Modern Binary System to Depict the IPt1 and IPt2
IP Protocol Specifications
Appendix III: Implications of 'A IP PBX Telephone Number'
Note: The '^' sign is the Mathematical Symbol used to represent the
Exponential Operation. Where '2^2 = 4', is the same equation
represented by '2 * 2 = 4', which is the Multiplicative
equivalent.
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Abstract
This paper focuses upon the simplification of the presentation for
Defining the New Schematic of what was called the IPv7 and IPv8 IP
Protocol Specifications. Which is accomplished by first, Renaming
these Protocols to 'IPt1' and 'IPt2', where the "t" represents
'Tele-Communications-Specification'. And second, by eliminating
either all, or most of the extraneous information, which is not
essential (at least not anymore) for understanding the overall
Schematic Structure, nor the benefits, these Protocol Specifications
actually represent. Which is further emphasized with a comparison,
that uses The New and the Modern Binary Systems. Where is it shown
that an increase in efficiency still exist, while the Number of IP
Addresses remains Astronomically Large in both cases.
In other words, the 'IPt1' and 'IPt2' IP Specifications represents a
format, which is nothing more than a 'Telephone Number Implementation'
that can be used as the primary IP Addressing format in any
Telecommunications System, regardless of the choice for the Method in
Binary Enumeration. Which means, in essence, this a Telecommunications
Protocol that is essentially the 'Computer's Telephone Number'.
"This work is Dedicated to my first and only child, 'Yahnay', who is;
the Mover of Dreams, the Maker of Reality, and the 'Princess of the
New Universe'. (E.T.)"
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Introduction: Re-Viewing the Design Structure of the IPv4 Protocol
Either by accident, or actual intent, clearly the IPv4 IP Addressing
Specification is a marvel of ingenuity, because it represents a solid
foundation, which is built upon the spirit of simplicity, without
sacrificing any of the functionally prescribed for itÆs' use. In other
words, the IPv4 IP specification uses a Simple Natural Numbering System,
designed specifically as the standard IP Addressing specification. Whose
added purpose, was the elimination of having to remember some Naming
convention, or the Name representing the Host, for addressing, to
establish communication. (Compare the Telephone Number used today
with the Telephone Number used, say, 50 years ago!)
To be more specific, the IPv4 specification is a 12 numbered IP
Addressing System, which is divided into 4 sections separated by
periods, called Octets. Each section, or Octet, can contain up to
3 numbers, which have been specifically defined to provide the IP
Address Location of any Network, or the Host, located within the
Network itself. However, given the explosive growth of the Computer
Industry, which supply the ever growing demands of the 'Consumer User'
This demand, and a 6 Billion World population total, seem to dwarf the
Supply of the current number of available IP Addresses in the IPv4
Addressing Scheme. And while, I feel hard Pressed to accept the
belief, or the claim, for the existence of an IP Addressing shortage.
I do believe however, that the reality of the so called IP Address
shortage, is really a Statement, which Acknowledges IP Address waste
And this seems especially true, when observing Table 1-A, and knowing
that there are IP Addresses which are excluded from the IP Address
Allocation pool. (Noting specifically IP Address Classes 'D' and 'E'.)
Furthermore, while this makes no mention of Corporate Greed, or IP
Address Hoarding, as some of the additional ways to account for the
need, or loss, of IP Addresses. There is a way, that has been Proven
Mathematically, to construct a System for IP Addressing which is
logically derived from the IPv4 Addressing format. This system would
provide inherently, the necessary regulations, while eliminating any of
the other possible problems that have been associated with this dilemma.
Again, personal beliefs notwithstanding, while admitting to the possibility
for Production Miracles...Still, having 3 Billion functional Computers all
vying for a Global Network Connection, is indeed, a serious stretch in
the belief for the Technology of Today, not to mention the overall
intellectual development of Mankind in general.
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Table 1-A
Structure Decimal of the IPv4 Representation IP Class System
1. Class A: 1 - 126, Default Subnet Mask 255.x.x.x:
126 Networks and 16,387,064 Hosts: 0
2. Class B: 128- 191, Default Subnet Mask 255.255.x.x:
16,256 Networks and 64,516 Hosts: 10
3. Class C: 192 - 223, Default Subnet Mask 255.255.255.x:
2,064,512 Networks and 254 Hosts: 110
4. Class D: 224 - 239; Used for Multicasting, No Host: 1110
16 x 254^3 = 262,192,024 IP Addresses available
5. Class E: 240 - 254; Denoting Experimental, No Host: 11110
15 x 254^3 = 245,805,960 IP Addresses available
Chapter I: The Computer's First Telephone Number, the IPt1 Design
Using the New Method of Enumeration for the Binary System
The development of a new protocol specification whose foundation
is based upon the Mathematics of Quantification, which was logically
derived from the IPv4 specification, was not Mathematical Black Magic.
In other words, while providing an additional 133 Million IP Addresses,
the IPt1 IP Protocol reinforces the significance of the solid
foundation, which was the essence of the IPv4 protocol specification.
Now, just for a moment, take notice of Table 2-A, which is the IP
Addressing Schematic that represents the IPt1 IP Protocol
Specification.
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Table 2-A
"The Logically derived Structure of the 'Synthetic' Decimal
Representation of the IPt1 Class System"
CLASS A
1. Class A-1, 1 - 128, Subnet Identifier 256.Y.X.X:
Class A-2, 1 - 128, Subnet Identifier 256.256.Y.X:
Class A-3, 1 - 128, Subnet Identifier 256.256.256.Y:
Class A-4, 1 - 128, Subnet Identifier 256.256.256.256:
2^7 Networks and 256^3 Hosts: 0
Total Number of IP Addresses Available:
128 x 16,777,216 = 2,147,483,648
CLASS B
2. Class B-1, 129 - 192, Subnet Identifier 256.Y.X.X:
Class B-2, 129 - 192, Subnet Identifier 256.256.Y.X:
Class B-3, 129 - 192, Subnet Identifier 256.256.256.Y:
Class B-4, 129 - 192, Subnet Identifier 256.256.256.256:
2^6 Networks and 256^3 Hosts: 10
Total Number of IP Addresses Available:
64 x 16,777,216 = 1,073,741,824
CLASS C
3. Class C-1, 193 - 224, Subnet Identifier 256.Y.X.X:
Class C-2, 193 - 224, Subnet Identifier 256.256.Y.X:
Class C-3, 193 - 224, Subnet Identifier 256.256.256.Y:
Class C-4, 193 - 224, Subnet Identifier 256.256.256.256:
2^5 Networks and 256^3 Hosts: 110
Total Number of IP Addresses Available:
32 x 16,777,216 = 536,870,912
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CLASS D
4. Class D-1, 225 - 240, Subnet Identifier 256.Y.X.X:
Class D-2, 225 - 240, Subnet Identifier 256.256.Y.X:
Class D-3, 225 - 240, Subnet Identifier 256.256.256.Y:
Class D-4, 225 - 240, Subnet Identifier 256.256.256.256:
2^4 Networks and 256^3 Hosts: 1110
Total Number of IP Addresses Available:
16 x 16,777,216 = 268,435,456
CLASS E
5. Class E-1, 241 - 255, Subnet Identifier 256.Y.X.X:
Class E-2, 241 - 255, Subnet Identifier 256.256.Y.X:
Class E-3, 241 - 255, Subnet Identifier 256.256.256.Y:
Class E-4, 241 - 255, Subnet Identifier 256.256.256.256:
15 Networks and 256^3 Hosts: 1111
Total Number of IP Addresses Available:
15 x 16,777,216 = 251,658,240
First you should notice, that this is a Logically derived Structure
of the 'Synthetic' Decimal Representation for IPt1. Next, you will
probably observe that it retains the same Classification Structure,
with the added twist, in which each IP Addressing Class has been
further Sub-Divided into '4' additional Sub-Sections within each
of the IP Address Class. And upon the third inspection, you should
notice the 'Default Addressing Structure', which is also different
than that in the IPv4 Specification. However, the final inspection
reveals the difference in the respective numberings for the
'Default IP Subnet Mask', which is called the 'Default Subnet Mask'
for the IPv4 specification, and it is called the 'Subnet Identifier'
in the IPt1 specification.
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Nevertheless, these comparisons are not without an accompanying
logical justification. Where by, the 'Default IP Subnet Mask'
specification, specifies the Limit in Binary Notation, which deals
with size of the Set that represents the Total Number of IP
Addresses contained in the 'IP Address Class Range'. In which case,
in the IPv4 specification, the number '255', is an Integer that
represents the Modern Binary Number '11111111', and the Integer
'256', in the IPt1 specification, represents the new Binary
Representation for the Binary Number '11111111'. Moreover, since
both of these IP Addressing Specifications, has a Default IP
Addressing Structure that contains '4' Octets, then the respective
equation which represents the Total Number of Available IP Addresses
contained in each of the Sets representing these specification, is
given respectively as; 255^4, and 256^4.
Furthermore, the difference in the Naming Convention regarding
the 'Default IP Subnet Mask', was meant to emphasize the efficiency
of the mathematically derived technique, of Subnetting the IP
Address Pool for each of the '5' IP Addresses Classes, which
prevents the loss of IP Addresses for use in the assignment of
the Host IP Address. And this process was noticed, when viewing
the 'Default IP Address Structure', and is represented by the 'Y'
in the IPt1 specification, which also resulted in a further
Sub-Division of each of the '5' IP Address Classes. That is,
given by the 'Laws for The Octet', as depicted in Table 1-B,
we have: 'Where N = Number of Octet, and if 'Y' equals the
Address Range '129 - 256', and 1 - 128 is not included in the
Address Range, then 'Y' is Represented by the equation
'Y = 256 - 128'.'
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Table 1-B
{" The Laws of the Octet "}
'If the "Subnet Identifier specifies the value for the Variable Y",
then the "Subnet Identifier" is said to Define the value of
every Octet, for All Address Classes, in which the 'Y'
variable is assign': Hence;
1. By definition, there exist 4 distinct Sections or Divisions
for every IP Address Class. However, the number of Sections
or Divisions that any IP Address Class can maintain is
Mathematically derived, which is related to, and dependent
upon, the IP Bit Address Number and the Total Number of IP
Addresses defined for the IP Address Classes.
2. The Sections or Divisions of the IP Address Class are defined
as: Primary, Secondary, Ternary, etc...And are labeled
according to their respective Class Location (e.g.: Class A
would be Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3, and continued as
would be necessary to distinguish every Division(s) of the
Class, and the respective Divisions of the remaining IP
Address Classes; i.e. Address Classes B - E).
3. The Subnet Identifier assigns to the First Octet within each
Section or Division of every IP Address Class, when it is not
use as the Default Subnet Mask, only the value of the numbers
available in the IP Address Range assigned to the IP Address
Class.
4. Every OCTET, in every Address Class, which is not defined by
the Subnet Identifier, can be assigned any value defined
by the range given by; '1 - 256' (which excludes the use of All
Integer '0's'). That is, provided that there is no succeeding
Section or Division within the same Address Class, whose
reference would be the same OCTET Number, which is Defined by
the Subnet Identifier. (In other words, if there is such an
OCTET in the succeeding Section or Division, then neither, can
be defined by the Subnet Identifier and use All of the
Numbers in the Integer Range specified above.)
5. For every OCTET within each Section or Division of every IP
Address Class, that is defined by the Subnet Identifier, and
it is preceded by a Section or Division within the same
Address Class, whose reference is the preceding Octet Number.
Then, the Octet of the preceding Section or Division must be
defined by the Subnet Identifier. (Because with the exception
of the First Octet, the Octet of the preceding Section, or
Division, must be defined by 'Y', and can NOT be assigned the
value denoted by the Integer Range, which DEFINES the IP
Address Range assigned to that IP Address Class.)
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In addition, any further comparison between these Protocol
Specifications, which actually represents the Network and the Host
IP Address assignments for the '5' IP Address Classes contained
within these protocol specifications, as shown in Tables '3-A',
and '4-A', respectively. Which not only reveal the efficiency gains
of the IPt1 Protocol in the total number of available IP Addresses,
but the benefits from the provisions of the inherent regulation
that controls the issuances of the IP Addresses based upon the
number the Host IP Address assignment required.
Table 3-A
"The IPv4 IP Addressing Schematic, and the Total
Number of available IP Addresses, which equals;'4.145 x 10^9'"
Class A, 1 - 126, Default Subnet Mask 255.x.x.x:
126 Networks and 16,387,064 Hosts: 0
Total Number of IP Addresses Available:
126 x 16,387,064 = 2,064,770,064
Class B, 128- 191, Default Subnet Mask 255.x.x.x:
16,256 Networks and 64,516 Hosts: 10
Total Number of IP Addresses Available:
64 x 16,387,064 = 1,048,772,096
Class C, 192 - 223, Default Subnet Mask 255.x.x.x:
2,064,512 Networks and 254 Hosts: 110
Total Number of IP Addresses Available:
32 x 16,387,064 = 524,386,048
Class D, 224 - 239, Default Subnet Mask 255.x.x.x:
16 x 254^3 Networks and 'No' Hosts: 1110
Total Number of IP Addresses Available:
16 x 16,387,064 = 262,193,024
Class E, 240 - 254, Default Subnet Mask 255.x.x.x:
15 x 254^3 Networks and 'No' Hosts: 1111
Total Number of IP Addresses Available:
15 x 16,387,064 = 245,805,960
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Table 4-A
"Reality of the Mathematically Derived Addressing Schematic using the New
Binary System as the Representation for the 'IPt1' Class System." (Where
the Value for the variable 'Y' is given by the Laws of the Octet, which
yields 4.278 x 10^9 Addresses: And '128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 15 = 255,
which Yields 255 x 256^3 IP Addresses'.)
1. Total IP Addresses for Class A = 128 x 256^3 = 2,147,483,648
Total available IP Addresses for Class A = 128 x 256^3
Total available IP Host Addresses Equals 128 x 255^N
(Where N = Number of Octet, and 'Y' equals the Address
Range '129 - 256', 1 - 128 is not included in the
Address Range Represented by the equation
'Y = 256 - 128'.)
Class A-1, 1 - 128, Subnet Identifier 256.y.x.x:
1,073,741,824 Networks and 8,323,200 Hosts: 0
Class A-2, 1 - 128, Subnet Identifier 256.256.y.x:
536,870,912 Networks and 32,640 Hosts
Class A-3, 1 - 128, Subnet Identifier 256.256.256.y:
268,435,456 Networks and 128 Hosts
Class A-4, 1 - 128, Subnet Identifier 256.256.256.256:
268,435,456 Network / MultiCast IP Addresses / AnyCast
2. Total IP Addresses for Class B = 64 x 256^3 = 1,073,741,824
Total available IP Addresses for Class B = 64 x 256^3
Total available IP Host Addresses Equals 64 x 255^N
(Where N = Number of Octet, and 'Y' equals the Address
Range '256 - Q'; 129 - 192 is not included in the
Address Range Represented by the equation
'Y = 256 - 64'.)
Class B-1, 129 - 192, Subnet Identifier 256.y.x.x:
805,306,368 Networks and 4,161,600 Hosts: 10
Class B-2, 129 - 192, Subnet Identifier 256.256.y.x:
201,326,592 Networks and 16,320 Hosts
Class B-3, 129 - 192, Subnet Identifier 256.256.256.y:
50,331,648 Networks and 64 Hosts
Class B-4, 129 - 192, Subnet Identifier 256.256.256.256:
16,777,216 Network / MultiCast IP Addresses / AnyCast
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3. Total IP Addresses for Class C = 32 x 256^3 = 536,870,912
Total available IP Addresses for Class C = 32 x 256^3
Total available IP Host Addresses Equals 32 x 255^N
(Where N = Number of Octet, and 'Y' equals the Address
Range '256 - Q'; 193 - 224 is not included in the
Address Range Represented by the equation
'Y = 256 - 32.)
Class C-1, 193 - 224, Subnet Identifier 256.y.x.x:
469,762,048 Networks and 2,080,800 Hosts: 110
Class C-2, 193 - 224, Subnet Identifier 256.256.y.x:
58,720,256 Networks and 8,160 Hosts
Class C-3, 193 - 224, Subnet Identifier 256.256.256.y:
7,340,032 Networks and 32 Hosts
Class C-4, 193 - 224, Subnet Identifier 256.256.256.256:
1,048,576 Network / MultiCast IP Addresses / AnyCast
4. Total IP Addresses for Class D = 16 x 256^3 = 268,435,456
Total available IP Addresses for Class D = 16 x 256^3
Total available IP Host Addresses Equals 16 x 255^N
(Where N = Number of Octet, and 'Y' equals the Address
Range '256 - Q'; 225 - 240 is not included in the
Address Range Represented by the equation
'Y = 256 - 16'.)
Class D-1, 225 - 240, Subnet Identifier 256.y.x.x:
251,658,240 Networks and 1,040,400 Hosts: 1110
Class D-2, 225 - 240, Subnet Identifier 256.256.y.x:
15,728,640 Networks and 4,080 Hosts
Class D-3, 225 - 240, Subnet Identifier 256.256.256.y:
983,040 Networks and 16 Hosts
Class D-4, 225 - 240, Subnet Identifier 256.256.256.256:
65,536 Network / MultiCast IP Addresses / AnyCast
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5. Total IP Addresses for Class E = 15 x 256^3 = 251,658,240
Total available IP Addresses for Class E = 15 x 256^3
Total available IP Host Addresses Equals 15 x 255^N
(Where N = Number of Octet, and 'Y' equals the Address
Range '256 - Q'; 241 - 255 is not included in the
Address Range Represented by the equation
'Y = 256 - 15'.)
Class E-1, 241 - 255, Subnet Identifier 256.y.x.x:
236,912,640 Networks and 975,375 Hosts: 1111
Class E-2, 241 - 255, Subnet Identifier 256.256.y.x:
13,881,600 Networks and 3,825 Hosts
Class E-3, 241 - 255, Subnet Identifier 256.256.256.y:
813,375 Networks and 15 Hosts
Class E-4, 241 - 255, Subnet Identifier 256.256.256.256:
50,625 Network / MultiCast IP Addresses / AnyCast
The IP Addressing Scheme of IPt1 can serve the Global Internetworking
Community now. Its implementation offers the most significant improvements
ever conceived, well beyond any planed replacement system, or those
presently in use. However, while there is a learning curve, it would
actually impose no challenge for the seasoned professional. In fact, there
are 'SEVEN' reasons that support its implementation and the reality of it
being the logical replacement for IPv4.
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1. It maintains the Identical methods of enumeration for IP
Addressing, as in IPv4, with a guarded respect for error
correction(s).
2. Its Header does not change from that used in IPv4,
which means the version number can remain the same.
3. It is only a 'Transparent Overlay' of the present
Addressing System, which provides an increase of
more than 133 million additional IP Addresses.
4. It is a Logical Derivative of the IPv4 Addressing
System, which eliminates all of the 'PREDEPLOYMENT'
testing required of a New System, all while providing
a flawless transition for its expansion, IPt2. Which
makes the implementation of IPt1 and IPt2 cost effective.
5. It Increases the Efficiency in the use of IP Addresses,
because there are Absolutely No IP Addresses wasted on
Host assignments in any of the Divisions or Sections of
the respective IP Address Classes. But! Any Mathematical
Analysis however, would clearly show that the Difference
between the IP Address Loss of (16,777,216), and total
Number of Host IP Addresses (16,581,375), represents a
further reduction of the Total Number of reported IP
Address Losses in the IPt1 IP Specification, to
approximately 195,841 Addresses. In other words, the
number of available Hosts IP Addresses determined by
'Laws of the Octet', is always a 'Constant', which
provides an unquestionable Efficiency in the use of
the Total Number of Available IP Addresses for the IPt1
IP Specification*.
6. There is no Mandate Requiring Any Change to The Current
Structure of the Private Networking Domains, nor to their
Existing IP Addressing System or Format, which would extend
beyond providing the Users with an additional convenience.
In other words, asides from the Requirement for Changing
the numbering and Naming of 'Default IP Subnet Mask' used
in the DNS Server, and DHCP Servers, implementing these
changes, which results from the change in the Binary
System, would be all that is needed. Especially since,
other than the Operating System itself, these changes
would provide all the consideration as would be needed
by the Applications the individual systems might contain.
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7. The existence of the Use of the Integer '0', except for the
use in EMERGENECY BROADCAST COMMUNICATION. Which means, the
Integer '0' would be excluded from any use involving any
Normal IP Addressing Format. Thus, barring it from the use
in any Octet of the IP Address, except in an Emergency.
However, this is a special case, and an important function
of the Integer '0', which is beyond the limits imposed that
Bars its (ALL Integer 0's) use in the 'Zone IP', 'IP Area
Code', and the Octet(s) Defined by the 'Subnet Identifier'.
In other words, this requirement prohibits All Network
Administrators, Except those Responsible for Administrating
the EMERGENECY BROADCAST COMMUNICATION Network, from the use
or assignment of All Integer '0' to any Octet within an IP
Address. And this does not effect nor alter the number of
available of IP Addresses for use in the IPt1 and IPt2 IP
Addressing Specification, nor its use in defining the
'Default Subnet Mask'.
Furthermore, these protocols could represent the END of the DHCP Server,
because other than considerations for IP Address mapping to a 'Name', or
the facilitation it provides in making IP Address assignment an automatic
process, there would be No need for assigning a temporary IP Address.
Which does ultimately suggest, Re-Defining the functions for a DHCP
Server. Where by, the New specification would provide the complete
Specifications and Capabilities for Sub-Net Creation, that would allow
Variable Sizing. It must also be capable of Suggesting, or Specifying
the Number of IP Addresses Allocated for creating the Sub-Net, which
would use the 'Gateway Router's Permanente IP Address' as the 'Point of
Demarcation' to Assign an IP Address from the 'Sub-Net Pool' to every
Device which is attached to the Sub-Net. In addition to Sizing and
Maintaining the Reserve (Surplus) IP Address Pool, and also maintaining a
Permanente Server IP Address Assignment. The New definition for the 'DHCP
Server' would also incorporate all of the functions, which would be
necessary to allow any person to Design and implement a Network of any
Size. Moreover, this specification must also included 'IP PBX' suffixing
Capabilities. That is, the specification for Enabling the Trailing Numbers
('1 - 999') ':X.X.X', which are attached to the End of an IP Address, that
would provide the Services for 'VVoIP' (Video & Voice Over IP: See 'Ex.
1'), using only the Router to Direct the Communications to the Right
Sub-Components in a 'Session Initialization Protocol' Environment. And to
complete the set-up for Network Operations, the 'DHCP Server' must also
establish, and verify, the final LAN, WAN, or MAN (etc...) Connections.
Ex. 1
'Example of an IP PBX Telephone Number'
Zone IP: IP Area Code: IP Network Address :IP PBX Extension
\ \ | /
256: 256: 256.256.000.000 :X.X.X
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Chapter II: Developing the Country Code, and the Sub-Country code
Designations: The Design of the IPt2 Protocol
The advantages of IPt2 however, surmount far beyond any 32 Bit IP
Addressing System now employed, or any IP Addressing System ever
conceived, which was derived from a designed that mimics the format
of the Typical Telephone Number, having a 'Country Code' and a
'Area Code' Prefix (See Figure 2-B, and Figure 3-B). Nevertheless,
while retaining the ease of use and implementation of IPv4 / IPt1,
IPt2 provides an additional number of available IP Addresses that's
staggering, to say the very least. In other words, the comparable
analogy would be, IPt1 can provide an individual IP Address to
'nearly' every person in the world today. While IPt2 presently,
using only 48 Bits of this 64 Bit IP Addressing System, can sustain
the inhabitants of more than '46 Thousand Planets'. And if the total
Address Range of this 64 Bit System is used, then IPt2 can provide
an individual IP Address to the inhabitants of more than '3 Billion
Planets', with each planet having a population equal to the
population total of the world today. Which is to say, if IPt2 were
expanded to the same Address Space as IPv6, which is a 128 Bit IP
Address. Then the total number of available IP Addresses would be
greater than 3.402 x 10^38. Which is greater than the available IP
Address offering of IPv6. In other words, what this means in the
terms of the foregoing scenario, is that: 'The people of planet
Earth can, when using the 128 Bit IP Addressing format of IPt2,
colonize more than 5.36 x 10^28 Planets, with each Planet having
a population total equal to the existing count, and still have
reserve IP Addresses'.
Figure 2-B
Typical Structure of a Telephone
Number with COUNTRY CODE and AREA CODE
|COUNTRY CODE| AREA CODE|TELEPHONE NUMBER
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
| 88 | 510 | 645-4721
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Figure 3-B
Reality of the Structure of the
Addressing Schematic Design for the IPt2
Protocol Specification Using The New Binary System
Which yields a Combined Total
of 2.78 x 10^14 IP Addresses
'255' '255' One Copy Of
Total IP Area Code 'IPt1' Addressing
Zone IP Addresses Schematic
Addresses per per 'IP Area Code'
| | 'Zone IP' 255 x 256^3
v v Address IP Addresses
| Zone IP | IP Area Code | IP Address
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
... 256 : 256 : 256.000.000.000
| | |
V V V
<-Global-Net | InterNet | IntraNet
In other words, IPt2 represents 255^2 (65,025) copies of the IPt1
IP Addressing Schematic, in which there is only one copy assigned
per IP Area Code Address. And there is a total of 255 Zone IP Addresses
that uses only 48 Bits of this 64 Bit Addressing System, which has
'255 IP Area Codes' per 'Zone IP Address. It amounts to a total
availability of 255 x 256^3 IP Addresses, which forms the Base, or
IPt1 is the Base Addressing Schematic for the IPt2 IP Specification,
that yields a total availability of 2.78 x 10^14 IP Addresses, using
only the Prefix Designations, specified as the 'Zone IP', and the 'IP
Area Code'. And while, the reality of the IPt2 Addressing Schematic,
is somewhat miss leading, as depicted in Table 5-A , it still
represents an accurate total of the number of available IP Addresses
contained in this Protocol Specification. However, the reality of the
Schematic is still IPt1, which is Prefixed using the 'Zone IP' and
the 'IP Area Code', to generate this extremely large pool of
available IP Addresses.
E Terrell [Page 17]
The Computer's Telephone Number March 22, 2002
Table 5-A
"Reality of the Structure of the Decimal Representation for the IPt2
Class System using the New Binary System."(Where the Value for
the variable 'Y' is given by the Laws of the Octet, which
yields 2.78 x 10^14 IP Addresses.)*
1. Total IP Addresses for 'Class A' having '255' 'Zone IP' Addresses
= 255 x 255 x 128 x 256^3
= 255 x 255 x 2,147,483,648
= 1.39640 x 10^14
Total of 255 IP of 'IP Area Code' Addresses per 'Zone IP' Address
= 255 x 128 x 256^3
= 255 x 2,147,483,648
= 5.47608 x 10^11
Distribution per 'Zone IP' Address yielding the 'IP Area Code' Addresses
Class A-1, 1 - 128, Subnet Identifier 256:256:256.y.x.x:
2.73804 x 10^11 Networks and 8,257,536 Hosts: 0
Class A-2, 1 - 128, Subnet Identifier 256:256:256.256.y.x:
1.36902 x 10^11 Networks and 32,256 Hosts
Class A-3, 1 - 128, Subnet Identifier 256:256:256.256.256.y:
6.84510 x 10^10 Networks and 128 Hosts
Class A-4, 1 - 128, Subnet Identifier 256:256:256.256.256.256:
6.84510 x 10^10 Network / MultiCast IP Addresses / AnyCast
E Terrell [Page 18]
The Computer's Telephone Number March 22, 2002
2. Total IP Addresses for 'Class B' having '255' 'Zone IP' Addresses
= 255 x 255 x 64 x 256^3
= 255 x 255 x 1,073,741,824
= 6.98201 x 10^13
Total of 255 IP 'IP Area Code' Addresses per 'Zone IP' Address
= 255 x 64 x 256^3
= 255 x 1,073,741,824
= 2.73804 x 10^11
Distribution per 'Zone IP' Address yielding the 'IP Area Code' Addresses
Class B-1, 129 - 192, Subnet Identifier 256:256:256.y.x.x:
2.20046 x 10^11 Networks and 4,194,304 Hosts: 10
Class B-2, 129 - 192, Subnet Identifier 256:256:256.256.y.x:
5.13383 x 10^10 Networks and 16,384 Hosts
Class B-3, 129 - 192, Subnet Identifier 256:256:256.256.256.y:
1.28346 x 10^10 Networks and 64 Hosts
Class B-4, 129 - 192, Subnet Identifier 256:256:256.256.256.256:
4.27819 x 10^9 Network / MultiCast IP Addresses / AnyCast
E Terrell [Page 19]
The Computer's Telephone Number March 22, 2002
3. Total IP Addresses for 'Class C' having '255' 'Zone IP' Addresses
= 255 x 255 x 32 x 256^3
= 255 x 255 x 536,870,912
= 3.49100 x 10^13
Total of 255 IP 'IP Area Code' Addresses per 'Zone IP' Address
= 255 x 32 x 256^3
= 255 x 536,870,912
= 1.36902 x 10^11
Distribution per 'Zone IP' Address yielding the 'IP Area Code' Addresses
Class C-1, 193 - 224, Subnet Identifier 256:256:256.y.x.x:
1.19789 x 10^11 Networks and 2,097,152 Hosts: 110
Class C-2, 193 - 224, Subnet Identifier 256:256:256.256.y.x:
1.49737 x 10^10 Networks and 8,192 Hosts
Class C-3, 193 - 224, Subnet Identifier 256:256:256.256.256.y:
1.872 x 10^9 Networks and 32 Hosts
Class C-4, 193 - 224, Subnet Identifier 256:256:256.256.256.256:
2.6738 x 10^8 Network / MultiCast IP Addresses / AnyCast
E Terrell [Page 20]
The Computer's Telephone Number March 22, 2002
4. Total IP Addresses for 'Class D' having '255' 'Zone IP' Addresses
= 255 x 255 x 16 x 256^3
= 255 x 255 x 268,435,456
= 1.74550 x 10^13
Total of 255 IP 'IP Area Code' Addresses per 'Zone IP' Address
= 255 x 16 x 256^3
= 255 x 268,435,456
= 6.84510 x 10^10
Distribution per 'Zone IP' Address yielding the 'IP Area Code' Addresses
Class D-1, 225 - 240, Subnet Identifier 256:256:256.y.x.x:
6.41729 x 10^10 Networks and 1,048,576 Hosts: 1110
Class D-2, 225 - 240, Subnet Identifier 256:256:256.256.y.x:
4.01080 x 10^9 Networks and 4,096 Hosts
Class D-3, 225 - 240, Subnet Identifier 256:256:256.256.256.y:
2.50675 x 10^8 Networks and 16 Hosts
Class D-4, 225 - 240, Subnet Identifier 256:256:256.256.256.256:
1.6712 x 10^7 Network / MultiCast IP Addresses / AnyCast
E Terrell [Page 21]
The Computer's Telephone Number March 22, 2002
5. Total IP Addresses for 'Class E' having '255' 'Zone IP' Addresses
= 255 x 255 x 15 x 256^3
= 255 x 255 x 251,658,240
= 1.63641 x 10^13
Total of 255 IP 'IP Area Code' Addresses per 'Zone IP' Address
= 255 x 15 x 256^3
= 255 x 251,658,240
= 6.41729 x 10^10
Distribution per 'Zone IP' Address yielding the 'IP Area Code' Addresses
Class E-1, 241 - 255, Subnet Identifier 256:256:256.y.x.x:
6.04127 x 10^10 Networks and 967,740 Hosts: 1111
Class E-2, 241 - 255, Subnet Identifier 256:256:256.256.y.x:
3.5398 x 10^9 Networks and 3,810 Hosts
Class E-3, 241 - 255, Subnet Identifier 256:256:256.256.256.y:
2.0741 x 10^8 Networks and 15 Hosts
Class E-4, 241 - 255, Subnet Identifier 256:256:256.256.256.256:
1.2903 x 10^7 Network / MultiCast IP Addresses / AnyCast
And finally, the added feature of the IPt2 Protocol, is that, everyone,
everywhere, can be assigned their own personal, Home Use, IP Address. In
other words, the supply pool is so large, that the IP Addresses can be
free for everyone. Additionally, the regulation is built into the IPt2
IP Addressing Structure. In fact, it is made for Distribution by
Continents, using the 'Zone IP' prefix, and depending upon the Population
of the Countries contained within the each of these Continents, each
Country can be assigned '1' or 'More' 'IP Area Code' Addresses, because
there are '255' of these IP Area Code Addresses for every 'Zone IP'
Address. Which means, with each 'IP Area Code' Address issued, the
Recipient Country would get exactly '1' copy of the 'IPt1' IP Addressing
Schematic, that contains more than 4 Billion IP Addresses. Take for
example, the United States, Canada, and Mexico, which are all part of the
same Continent. They in turn, would share the same 'ZONE IP' Address, which
contains "255 IP AREA CODE" Addresses. In which case, the distribution
could be '1' IP Area Code' Address package assigned to every 'State' or
'Province', which is located within the Countries contained in the
Continent. But, if you will note, this would amount to the distribution
approximation represented by: ('50 IP Area Code' Addresses) = United
States, ('6 IP Area Code' Addresses) = Canada, and ('4 IP Area Code'
Addresses) = Mexico. And the sum of the Distribution equals '60' IP Area
Code Addresses, which leaves the Continent with a surplus of '195' IP
Area Code Addresses, containing more than 4 Billion IP Addresses each.
E Terrell [Page 22]
The Computer's Telephone Number March 22, 2002
However, this was only an example of one possible solution for assigning
the 'Zone IP' Addresses. Because just as easily, one can see that an entire
'Galaxy', or Star System, could be assigned to one 'GSSZone IP' Address,
in a '64' IP Addressing System using only a '56' Bit IP Addressing format.
And the 'Solar Systems' within this Galaxy could be assigned one 'Zone IP'
Address, in which the related 'Planets' would be assigned one 'IP Area
Code' from the 'Zone IP' Address of their respective 'Solar Systems'.
Still, even this, does not depict the actual Mathematical efficiency
defined in the IPt1 and IPt2 IP Specifications, because in reality, while
the '99.999...+ %' efficiency rating, in overall use, is true. However,
this 'Rating' says nothing about the overall number of viable 'Network
Addresses', which Increases by a factor greater than '17.3'. Nor does this
'Rating' reflect the increase in the number of 'Host Addresses'. That is,
when depicting a one-to-one comparison with IPv4, this represents an
increase which is greater than 50%, and a Network-to-Host distribution
percentage, that would surpass even this amount.
In other words, one copy of the 'IPt1' Schematic would suffice to meet the
needs of the entire 'Planet', today, and there would still be a Surplus of
IP Addresses. What this actually means Mathematically, is that, the 'IPt2
Header' could always be used, even in the choice for the actual 'Bit Range'
of the IP Address, because the IP Address Range in this IP Specification is
indeed a variable. And for now at least, this can be within the range of
'32 to 64' Bits, which is incremented in '8 Bit' Segments when the IP
Address is beyond the '32 Bit format specified in 'IPt1'. Furthermore, it
should clearly be understood, this is a Mathematical System that can quite
easily be expanded to an 'IPt8 Format' (And Beyond!), which is an IP
Addressing System that uses '256 Bit IP Addresses*'. Nevertheless, in all
cases, a Surplus of available IP Addresses would always exist, which means
that the allocation of these IP Addresses should be determined by actual
usage or needs, and not waste. Needless to say, whatever the final decision
may be, IP Address Availability, Clearly, is no longer an issue.
In a word, the future is Now! Because everything, which is, or can be
represented as an Electrical Signal for Telecommunications, can use the
Global Network (Global-Net) as the only Thoroughfare, which would Unite the
Lives and Livelihoods of Everyone, Everywhere, for the benefit of all
Mankind.
Chapter III: Security Considerations
This document, whose only objective was the simplification
of a very serious theoretical work, does not directly raise any
security issues. Hence, there are no issues raised that warrant
Security Considerations.
E Terrell [Page 23]
The Computer's Telephone Number March 22, 2002
Appendix I : Graphical Depiction of the Headers for the IPt1 and IPt2
Protocol Specifications
Figure 1-C
IP Header for IPv4 and IPt1
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
| VER | IHL | TYPE OF SERVICE | TOTAL LENGHT |
|+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +|
| IDENTIFICATION |FLA| FRAGMENT OFFSET |
|+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +|
| TIME TO LIVE | PROTOCOL | CHECK SUM HEADER |
|+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +|
| SOURCE ADDRESS |
|+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +|
| DESTINATION ADDRESS |
|+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +|
| OPTIONS |
|+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +|
| DATA |
|+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +|
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
E Terrell [Page 24]
The Computer's Telephone Number March 22, 2002
IP Header for IPt2
0 2 4 6
0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4 6 8 0 2
| VER | IHL | TOS & NEXT HEADER | TL & DIRECTION BIT |
|+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +|
| IDENTIFICATION & SECURITY BIT |FLA| FRAGMENT OFFSET |
|+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +|
| TTL & HOP LIMIT | PROTOCOL |:IP PBX Ext. | CHECK SUM HEADER |
|+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +|
| S1 RESERVED: | S2 RESERVED:| S ZONE IP: | S IP AREA CODE:|
|+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +|
| SOURCE ADDRESS |
|+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +|
| D1 RESERVED: | D2 RESERVED:| D ZONE IP: | D IP AREA CODE:|
|+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +|
| DESTINATION ADDRESS |
|+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +|
| OPTIONS |
|+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +|
| DATA |
|+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +|
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
This is a Proposal, an example notwithstanding, whose graphical depiction
is indeed functional. Where by, the TTL and Hop Limit are program functions
related to the Router's Table. And the Security Bit is a 2 Bit
representation of some combination of 01, and 00. Where a '01' in the first
bit tells the Router to route as a Direct Connection, and a '01' in the
second Bit tells the Router that the transmission is Encrypted. While Type
Of Service remains unchanged and Next Header is a '1' Bit indicator, being
either a '01' or a '00'. And the Total Length remain the same, but the
Direction Bit of either a '01' or '00' tells the Router if the Packet is an
InterCom or OuterCom communication, which would assist the FireWall in
Blocking Illegal Attempts to Access Private Domains. Which also could
include the ability to write a 'IP PBX Extension' for VVoIP Transmissions.
Nevertheless, figure 2-C outlines the Mathematically Derived 'Default IP
Address Structure' that is used in IPt2, which employs IPt1's Addressing
Schematic as its Default, or Base Addressing Format. Which is also Prefixed
by the Zone IP and the IP Area Code IP Addresses, and designated by the
Subnet Identifier, that follows the format presented in figure '3-B'.
E Terrell [Page 25]
The Computer's Telephone Number March 22, 2002
FIGURE 2-C
1. Source Addressing Structure: S1-Reserved = (X.X.X):
2. Source Addressing Structure: S2-Reserved = (X.X.X):
3. Source Addressing Structure: 256:256:256.256.256.000
4. Destination Addressing Structure: D1-Reserved = (X.X.X):
5. Destination Addressing Structure: D2-Reserved = (X.X.X):
6. Destination Addressing Structure: 256:256:256.256.000.000
FIGURE 3-C
æReality of the IP Addressing Format in the 64 Bit HeaderÆ
'Whose Reserved Addresses would not be apart of the Software
Program representing the Header'
1. Source Address Structure: (X.X.X):(X.X.X):256:256:256.256.000.000
2. Destination Address Structure: (X.X.X):(X.X.X):256:256:256.256.000.000
Note*: While the expansion of the IP Address within the Header, is
incremented in '8 Bit' Segments. The increase in the Total Size
of the IP Address beyond the Current Header Specifications,
is accomplished using '32 Bit' increments, which increases the
overall size of the Header itself. This is, as it should be,
because it reflects the size of the 'Base IP Addressing Schematic';
'IPt1'. Thus, preserving the Logic and Mathematical Continuity,
which is the actual integrity of the System's Foundation, that
was logically derived from the Mathematics of Quantification.
E Terrell [Page 26]
The Computer's Telephone Number March 22, 2002
Appendix II: Using the Modern Binary System to Depict the IPt1 and IPt2
IP Protocol Specifications
Before beginning a comparison, I would suggest that you review the 'Laws
of the Octet' to fully understand the Logic and the Mathematics, which
is the Hallmark denoting the difference between Tables '3-A' and '4-A'.
That is, while noting that Table '4-A' uses the New Method derived for
Binary Enumeration, it's expansion focuses upon the Schematic, the
foundation established by the 'Laws of the Octet', which was derived from
the Logic of the Mathematics of Quantification. These Laws provided the
foundation, the Schematic, which is what makes the IPt1 and IPt2 IP
Specifications so powerful. In other words, after a consideration of the
overall increase of the 133 Million IP Addresses provided by 'IPt1', and
the results from 'IPt2', which can be explained using the Planet scenario
demonstrated above (i.e. 44 or 46 Thousand Planets in a 48 Bit System,
and 2.87 or 3 Billion Planets in a 64 Bit System: this respectively
reflects the different Methods of Counting used in the Binary Systems). It
would then be realize, that the actual difference between the Numbers
presented in each of these Tables, reflects only one part of the Logical
Justification. Which represents the distinction in counting that differs
in each of these Binary Systems. However, the Schematic, which is the
second part of the Logical justification, maintains a significance that
can only be viewed when each of these Systems are represented in the
Tables using the same Methods for Binary Enumeration.
That is, when comparing the 'IPt1' and 'IPv4' specifications, which are
both using the Modern Methods for Enumerating in Binary Notation, as shown
in Tables '3-A' and 'A-I', where there is No actual increase in the Total
Number of available IP Address. Then the benefit however, is clearly
established by the Schematic, which shows the Efficiency and Superiority
that the IPt1 IP Addressing Specification maintains over IPv4, and which
certainly surpasses that of IPv6. Furthermore, when accepting both parts
of the Logical Justification, any further comparison between the Systems
represented by Tables 4-A, 5-A, A-I, and A-III, which signifies the
importance of the Logical Foundation provided by the Schematic. The
conclusions, as resulting from the Mathematics of Quantification, remains
valid for all Addressing Specifications represented in the Tables noted
above, regardless of the choice of the Method for Binary Enumeration.
E Terrell [Page 27]
The Computer's Telephone Number March 22, 2002
Nevertheless, while it was Mathematically proven, using the Mathematics
of Quantification, that the New Binary System represented the Logical,
and Mathematically correct System. It is doubtful nonetheless, especially
without the foundation offered by my next work, that an agreement could
ever be reached, regarding which System, being correct, is the system
that should be used. Even still, any comparison between the Tables which
represents each of these Binary Systems. Clearly shows, that the
Mathematics of Quantification established the Logic and Mathematical
foundation, rationalized the choice, whose conclusions Defined the Binary
System. Hence, the IPt1 and IPt2 IP Addressing Specifications results
from a Schematic whose Logical Derivation from the Mathematics of
Quantification remains unquestionably valid, regardless of the choice in
the Method for Binary Enumeration.
Table A-I
"Reality of the Mathematical Addressing Schematic for the
'IPt1' Addressing System Using the Modern Binary System."
(Where the Value for the variable 'Y' is given by the Laws
of the Octet, and the System contains 4.145 x 10^9 Addresses.)
1. Total IP Addresses for Class A = 126 x 254^3 = 2,064,770,064
Total available IP Addresses for Class A = 126 x 254^3
Total available IP Host Addresses Equals 126 x 254^N
(Where N = Number of Octet, and 'Y' equals the Address
Range '128 - 254', 1 - 126 is not included in the
Address Range Represented by the equation
'Y = 254 - 126'.)
Class A-1, 1 - 126, Default Subnet Mask 255.y.x.x:
1,040,514,048 Networks and 8,129,016 Hosts: 0
Class A-2, 1 - 126, Default Subnet Mask 255.255.y.x:
516,160,512 Networks and 32,004 Hosts
Class A-3, 1 - 126, Default Subnet Mask 255.255.255.y:
256,048,128 Networks and 126 Hosts
Class A-4, 1 - 126, Default Subnet Mask 255.255.255.255:
252,047,376 Network / MultiCast IP Addresses / AnyCast
E Terrell [Page 28]
The Computer's Telephone Number March 22, 2002
2. Total IP Addresses for Class B = 64 x 254^3 = 1,048,772,096
Total available IP Addresses for Class B = 64 x 254^3
Total available IP Host Addresses Equals 64 x 254^N
(Where N = Number of Octet, and 'Y' equals the Address
Range '254 - Q'; 128 - 191 is not included in the
Address Range Represented by the equation
'Y = 254 - 64'.)
Class B-1, 128 - 191, Default Subnet Mask 255.y.x.x:
784,514,560 Networks and 4,129,024 Hosts: 10
Class B-2, 128 - 191, Default Subnet Mask 255.255.y.x:
197,672,960 Networks and 16,256 Hosts
Class B-3, 128 - 191, Default Subnet Mask 255.255.255.y:
49,807,360 Networks and 64 Hosts
Class B-4, 128 - 191, Default Subnet Mask 255.255.255.255:
16,777,216 Network / MultiCast IP Addresses / AnyCast
3. Total IP Addresses for Class C = 32 x 254^3 = 524,386,048
Total available IP Addresses for Class C = 32 x 254^3
Total available IP Host Addresses Equals 32 x 254^N
(Where N = Number of Octet, and 'Y' equals the Address
Range '254 - Q'; 192 - 223 is not included in the
Address Range Represented by the equation
'Y = 254 - 32.)
Class C-1, 192 - 223, Default Subnet Mask 255.y.x.x:
458,321,664 Networks and 2,064,512 Hosts: 110
Class C-2, 192 - 223, Default Subnet Mask 255.255.y.x:
57,741,312 Networks and 8,128 Hosts
Class C-3, 192 - 223, Default Subnet Mask 255.255.255.y:
7,274,496 Networks and 32 Hosts
Class C-4, 192 - 223, Default Subnet Mask 255.255.255.255:
1,048,576 Network / MultiCast IP Addresses / AnyCast
E Terrell [Page 29]
The Computer's Telephone Number March 22, 2002
4. Total IP Addresses for Class D = 16 x 254^3 = 262,193,024
Total available IP Addresses for Class D = 16 x 254^3
Total available IP Host Addresses Equals 16 x 254^N
(Where N = Number of Octet, and 'Y' equals the Address
Range '254 - Q'; 224 - 239 is not included in the
Address Range Represented by the equation
'Y = 254 - 16'.)
Class D-1, 224 - 239, Default Subnet Mask 255.y.x.x:
245,676,928 Networks and 1,032,256 Hosts: 1110
Class D-2, 224 - 239, Default Subnet Mask 255.255.y.x:
15,475,712 Networks and 4,064 Hosts
Class D-3, 224 - 239, Default Subnet Mask 255.255.255.y:
974,848 Networks and 16 Hosts
Class D-4, 224 - 239, Default Subnet Mask 255.255.255.255:
65,536 Network / MultiCast IP Addresses / AnyCast
5. Total IP Addresses for Class E = 15 x 254^3 = 245,805,960
Total available IP Addresses for Class E = 15 x 254^3
Total available IP Host Addresses Equals 15 x 254^N
(Where N = Number of Octet, and 'Y' equals the Address
Range '254 - Q'; 240 - 254 is not included in the
Address Range Represented by the equation
'Y = 254 - 15'.)
Class E-1, 240 - 254, Default Subnet Mask 255.y.x.x:
231,289,860 Networks and 967,740 Hosts: 1111
Class E-2, 240 - 254, Default Subnet Mask 255.255.y.x:
13,658,850 Networks and 3,810 Hosts
Class E-3, 240 - 254, Default Subnet Mask 255.255.255.y:
806,625 Networks and 15 Hosts
Class E-4, 240 - 254, Default Subnet Mask 255.255.255.255:
50,625 Network / MultiCast IP Addresses / AnyCast
E Terrell [Page 30]
The Computer's Telephone Number March 22, 2002
Table A-II
Reality of the Structure of the
Addressing Schematic Design for the IPt2
Protocol Specification Using The Modern Binary System
Which yields a Combined Total
of 2.67 x 10^14 IP Addresses
'254' '254' One Copy Of
Total IP Area Code 'IPt1' Addressing
Zone IP Addresses Schematic
Addresses per per 'IP Area Code'
| | 'Zone IP' 253 x 254^3
v v Address IP Addresses
| Zone IP | IP Area Code | IP Address
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
... 255 : 255 : 255.000.000.000
| | |
V V V
<-Global-Net | InterNet | IntraNet
E Terrell [Page 31]
The Computer's Telephone Number March 22, 2002
Table A-III
"Reality of the Structure of the Schematic for the 'IPt2' IP Specification
Using the Modern Binary System."(Where the Value for the variable 'Y'
is given by the Laws of the Octet, and Total Number of Available
IP Addresses Equals 2.67 x 10^14.)
1. Total IP Addresses for 'Class A' having '254' 'Zone IP' Addresses
= 254 x 254 x 126 x 254^3
= 254 x 254 x 2,064,770,064
= 1.332107 x 10^14
Total of 254 IP 'IP Area Code' Addresses per 'Zone IP' Address
= 254 x 126 x 254^3
= 254 x 2,064,770,064
= 5.244516 x 10^11
Distribution per 'Zone IP' Address yielding the 'IP Area Code' Addresses
Class A-1, 1 - 126, Default Subnet Mask 255.y.x.x:
2.642906 x 10^11 Networks and 8,129,016 Hosts: 0
Class A-2, 1 - 126, Default Subnet Mask 255.255.y.x:
1.311048 x 10^11 Networks and 32,004 Hosts
Class A-3, 1 - 126, Default Subnet Mask 255.255.255.y:
6.503622 x 10^10 Networks and 126 Hosts
Class A-4, 1 - 126, Default Subnet Mask 255.255.255.255:
6.4020034 x 10^10 Network / MultiCast IP Addresses / AnyCast
E Terrell [Page 32]
The Computer's Telephone Number March 22, 2002
2. Total IP Addresses for 'Class B' having '254' 'Zone IP' Addresses
= 254 x 254 x 64 x 254^3
= 254 x 254 x 1,048,772,096
= 6.766258 x 10^13
Total of 254 IP 'IP Area Code' Addresses per 'Zone IP' Address
= 254 x 64 x 254^3
= 254 x 1,048,772,096
= 2.663881 x 10^11
Distribution per 'Zone IP' Address yielding the 'IP Area Code' Addresses
Class B-1, 128 - 191, Default Subnet Mask 255.y.x.x:
1.992667 x 10^11 Networks and 4,129,024 Hosts: 10
Class B-2, 128 - 191, Default Subnet Mask 255.255.y.x:
5.0208932 x 10^10 Networks and 16,256 Hosts
Class B-3, 128 - 191, Default Subnet Mask 255.255.255.y:
1.2651069 x 10^10 Networks and 64 Hosts
Class B-4, 128 - 191, Default Subnet Mask 255.255.255.255:
4.2614129 x 10^9 Network / MultiCast IP Addresses / AnyCast
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3. Total IP Addresses for 'Class C' having '254' 'Zone IP' Addresses
= 254 x 254 x 32 x 254^3
= 254 x 254 x 524,386,048
= 3.383129 x 10^13
Total of 254 IP 'IP Area Code' Addresses per 'Zone IP' Address
= 254 x 32 x 256^3
= 254 x 524,386,048
= 1.331941 x 10^11
Distribution per 'Zone IP' Address yielding the 'IP Area Code' Addresses
Class C-1, 192 - 223, Default Subnet Mask 255.y.x.x:
1.164137 x 10^11 Networks and 2,064,512 Hosts: 110
Class C-2, 192 - 223, Default Subnet Mask 255.255.y.x:
1.466629 x 10^10 Networks and 8,128 Hosts
Class C-3, 192 - 223, Default Subnet Mask 255.255.255.y:
1.8477220 x 10^9 Networks and 32 Hosts
Class C-4, 192 - 223, Default Subnet Mask 255.255.255.255:
2.663383 x 10^8 Network / MultiCast IP Addresses / AnyCast
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4. Total IP Addresses for 'Class D' having '254' 'Zone IP' Addresses
= 254 x 254 x 16 x 254^3
= 254 x 254 x 262,193,024
= 1.691558 x 10^13
Total of 254 IP 'IP Area Code' Addresses per 'Zone IP' Address
= 254 x 16 x 254^3
= 254 x 262,193,024
= 6.659677 x 10^10
Distribution per 'Zone IP' Address yielding the 'IP Area Code' Addresses
Class D-1, 224 - 239, Default Subnet Mask 255.y.x.x:
6.240194 x 10^10 Networks and 1,032,256 Hosts: 1110
Class D-2, 224 - 239, Default Subnet Mask 255.255.y.x:
3.930831 x 10^9 Networks and 4,064 Hosts
Class D-3, 224 - 239, Default Subnet Mask 255.255.255.y:
2.476114 x 10^8 Networks and 16 Hosts
Class D-4, 224 - 239, Default Subnet Mask 255.255.255.255:
1.6646144 x 10^7 Network / MultiCast IP Addresses / AnyCast
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5. Total IP Addresses for 'Class E' having '254' 'Zone IP' Addresses
= 254 x 254 x 15 x 254^3
= 254 x 254 x 245,805,960
= 1.585842 x 10^13
Total of 254 IP 'IP Area Code' Addresses per 'Zone IP' Address
= 254 x 15 x 254^3
= 254 x 245,805,960
= 6.243471 x 10^10
Distribution per 'Zone IP' Address yielding the 'IP Area Code' Addresses
Class E-1, 240 - 254, Default Subnet Mask 255.y.x.x:
5.874762 x 10^10 Networks and 967,740 Hosts: 1111
Class E-2, 240 - 254, Default Subnet Mask 255.255.y.x:
3.4693479 x 10^9 Networks and 3,810 Hosts
Class E-3, 240 - 254, Default Subnet Mask 255.255.255.y:
2.0488275 x 10^8 Networks and 15 Hosts
Class E-4, 240 - 254, Default Subnet Mask 255.255.255.255:
1.285875 x 10^7 Network / MultiCast IP Addresses / AnyCast
Appendix III: Implications of Using 'A IP PBX Telephone Number'
The implications of having the ability of assigning a Telephone Suffix
to an IP Address, provides Telephony capabilities, with Video, to every
Computer User. However, simply providing a IP PBX Extension would not be
sufficient. That is, while one would have the number, to receive a call
would still require a IP PBX server, or suffering prohibitive costs. And
while there exist an offering of several IP PBX Servers on the Consumer's
Market. They might not cover all of the issues, which would allow
Global-Net Telephony to become a practical reality. However, it's
construction or Program Implementation might be, as a Suggestion:
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1. The Design of a IP PBX Server having an integrated IP PBX DNS
Server Option:
2. The significance of a IP PBX DNS Server, is that, it would
provide a Straddle for normal IP traffic and IP telephone
traffic. This facility is a vital necessity for IP Telephony
to work, because it would establish Telephone Network
Connections or Services, allow communications with a Normal
DNS Server, and provide the DataBase for the Directory
Services, as would be needed to establish Party Connections,
Privacy and Searches. In other words, the incorporation of
the DNS Server functions into a IP PBX Server would allow
reverse Lookups, or the Translation of an IP Telephone Address
Number, which would have the effect of 'Prioritizing' the
Extension. Thus, providing the Extension with Direct Access,
and the ability to Control, or Direct (Session) Communication
(See Ex. A-V).
3. The ability to Assign, or Define the Extensions; e.g. having
the numbers 1 - 299 represent Residential Housing, 300 û 599
Businesses, 600 - 799 Governmental, 800 - 899 Informational,
and 900 û 999 Emergency / Fire / Police / Hospitals...etc.
Ex. A-IV
'Example of an IP PBX Telephone Number'
Zone IP: IP Area Code: IP Network Address :IP PBX Extension
\ \ | /
255: 255: 255.255.000.000 :A.B.C
Ex. A-V
Example of an IP PBX Telephone Number 'IP PBX in-add.arpa'
Zone IP: IP Area Code: IP PBX Extension :IP Network Address
\ \ | /
255: 255: A.B.C :000.000.255.255
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References
1. E. Terrell ( not published, notarized 1979 ) " The Proof of
Fermat's Last Theorem: The Revolution in Mathematical
Thought" Outlines the significance of the need for a
thorough understanding of the Concept of Quantification
and the Concept of the Common Coefficient. These
principles, as well many others, were found to maintain
an unyielding importance in the Logical Analysis of
Exponential Equations in Number Theory.
2. E. Terrell ( not published, notarized 1983 ) " The
Rudiments of Finite Algebra: The Results of Quantification
" Demonstrates the use of the Exponent in Logical
Analysis, not only of the Pure Arithmetic Functions
of Number Theory, but Pure Logic as well. Where the
Exponent was utilized in the Logical Expansion of the
underlying concepts of Set Theory and the Field
Postulates. The results yield; another Distributive
Property (i.e. Distributive Law for Exponential Functions)
and emphasized the possibility of an Alternate View of the
Entire Mathematical field.
'It is said; "The Unsung Hero has No song, because it is only the Craven
who writes the Lyrics, that Counterfeits the Reality of
the World, which is made only for those who can Pretend."
e.t.'
Author
Eugene Terrell
24409 Soto Road Apt. 7
Hayward, CA. 94544-1438
Voice: 510-537-2390
E-Mail: eterrell00@netzero.net
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