Skip to main content

Compression Extensions for WebSocket
draft-ietf-hybi-permessage-compression-20

The information below is for an old version of the document.
Document Type
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 7692.
Author Takeshi Yoshino
Last updated 2015-03-24
RFC stream Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
Formats
Reviews
Additional resources Mailing list discussion
Stream WG state Submitted to IESG for Publication
Document shepherd (None)
Shepherd write-up Show Last changed 2013-02-20
IESG IESG state Became RFC 7692 (Proposed Standard)
Consensus boilerplate Unknown
Telechat date (None)
Responsible AD Barry Leiba
IESG note
Send notices to hybi-chairs@ietf.org, draft-ietf-hybi-permessage-compression@ietf.org
draft-ietf-hybi-permessage-compression-20
HyBi Working Group                                            T. Yoshino
Internet-Draft                                              Google, Inc.
Intended status: Standards Track                          March 24, 2015
Expires: September 25, 2015

                  Compression Extensions for WebSocket
               draft-ietf-hybi-permessage-compression-20

Abstract

   This document defines a framework for creating WebSocket extensions
   that add compression functionality to the WebSocket Protocol.  An
   extension based on this framework compresses the payload data portion
   of WebSocket data messages on a per-message basis using parameters
   negotiated during the opening handshake.  This framework provides a
   general method for applying a compression algorithm to the contents
   of WebSocket messages.  Each compression algorithm has to be defined
   in a document defining the extension by specifying parameter
   negotiation and payload transformation algorithm in detail.  This
   document also specifies one specific compression extension using the
   DEFLATE algorithm.

   Please send feedback to the hybi@ietf.org mailing list.

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on September 25, 2015.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2015 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal

Yoshino                Expires September 25, 2015               [Page 1]
Internet-Draft    Compression Extensions for WebSocket        March 2015

   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   2.  Conformance Requirements and Terminology . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   3.  Complementary Terminology  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
   4.  WebSocket Per-message Compression Extension  . . . . . . . . .  6
   5.  Extension Negotiation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
     5.1.  General Negotiation Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
     5.2.  Negotiation Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
   6.  Framing  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
     6.1.  Compression  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
     6.2.  Decompression  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
   7.  Intermediaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
   8.  permessage-deflate extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
     8.1.  Method Parameters  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
       8.1.1.  Context Takeover Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
       8.1.2.  Limiting the LZ77 sliding window size  . . . . . . . . 19
       8.1.3.  Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
     8.2.  Message Payload Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
       8.2.1.  Compression  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
       8.2.2.  Decompression  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
       8.2.3.  Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
     8.3.  Implementation Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
     8.4.  Intermediaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
   9.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
   10. IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
     10.1. Registration of the "permessage-deflate" WebSocket
           Extension Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
     10.2. Registration of the "Per-message Compressed" WebSocket
           Framing Header Bit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
   11. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
   12. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
     12.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
     12.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
   Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Yoshino                Expires September 25, 2015               [Page 2]
Internet-Draft    Compression Extensions for WebSocket        March 2015

1.  Introduction

   This document specifies a framework for adding compression
   functionality to the WebSocket Protocol [RFC6455].  The framework
   specifies how to define WebSocket Per-message Compression Extensions
   (PMCEs) for a compression algorithm based on the extension concept of
   the WebSocket Protocol specified in Section 9 of [RFC6455].  A
   WebSocket client and a peer WebSocket server negotiate the use of a
   PMCE and determine the parameters required to configure the
   compression algorithm during the WebSocket opening handshake.  The
   client and server can then exchange data messages whose frames
   contain compressed data in the payload data portion.

   This framework only specifies a general method for applying a
   compression algorithm to the contents of WebSocket messages.  Each
   individual PMCE has to be specified in a document describing in
   detail how to negotiate the configuration parameters for the specific
   compression algorithm used by that PMCE and how to transform
   (compress and decompress) data in the payload data portion.

   A WebSocket client may offer multiple PMCEs during the WebSocket
   opening handshake.  A peer WebSocket server receiving the offer may
   choose to accept the preferred PMCE or decline all of them.  PMCEs
   use the RSV1 bit of the WebSocket frame header to indicate whether a
   message is compressed or not, so that an endpoint can choose not to
   compress messages with incompressible contents.

   This document also specifies one specific PMCE based on the DEFLATE
   [RFC1951] algorithm.  The DEFLATE algorithm is widely available on
   various platforms and its overhead is small.  The extension name of
   this PMCE is "permessage-deflate".  To align the end of compressed
   data to an octet boundary, this extension uses the algorithm
   described in Section 2.1 of [RFC1979].  Endpoints can take over the
   LZ77 sliding window [LZ77] used to build frames for previous messages
   to achieve a better compression ratio.  For resource-limited devices,
   this extension provides parameters to limit memory usage for
   compression context.

Yoshino                Expires September 25, 2015               [Page 3]
Internet-Draft    Compression Extensions for WebSocket        March 2015

2.  Conformance Requirements and Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

   Requirements phrased in the imperative as part of algorithms (such as
   "strip any leading space characters" or "return false and abort these
   steps") are to be interpreted with the meaning of the key word
   ("MUST", "SHOULD", "MAY", etc.) used in introducing the algorithm.

   Conformance requirements phrased as algorithms or specific steps can
   be implemented in any manner, so long as the end result is
   equivalent.  In particular, the algorithms defined in this
   specification are intended to be easy to understand and are not
   intended to be performant.

   This document references the procedure to _Fail the WebSocket
   Connection_.  This procedure is defined in Section 7.1.7 of
   [RFC6455].

   This document references the event that _The WebSocket Connection is
   Established_ and the event that _A WebSocket Message Has Been
   Received_.  These events are defined in Section 4.1 and Section 6.2,
   respectively, of [RFC6455].

   This document uses the Augmented Backus-Naur Form (ABNF) notation of
   [RFC5234].  The DIGIT (decimal 0-9) rule is included by reference, as
   defined in the Appendix B.1 of [RFC5234].

Yoshino                Expires September 25, 2015               [Page 4]
Internet-Draft    Compression Extensions for WebSocket        March 2015

3.  Complementary Terminology

   This document defines some terms about WebSocket and WebSocket
   Extension mechanisms that are underspecified or not defined at all in
   [RFC6455].  This terminology is effective only in this document and
   any other documents explicitly referring to this section.

   "A data message" means a message consisting of Data Frames as defined
   in Section 5.6 of [RFC6455].

   "A message payload (or payload of a message)" means the concatenation
   of the payload data portion of all Data Frames (see Section 6.2 of
   [RFC6455]) representing a single message.

   "An extension in use next to extension X" means the extension listed
   next to X in the "Sec-WebSocket-Extensions" header in the server's
   opening handshake as defined in Section 9.1 of [RFC6455].  Such an
   extension is applied to outgoing data from the application right
   after X on the sender side, but applied right before X to incoming
   data from the underlying transport.

   "An extension in use preceding extension X" means the extension
   listed right before X in the "Sec-WebSocket-Extensions" header in the
   server's opening handshake.  Such an extension is applied to outgoing
   data from the application right before X on the sender side, but
   applied right after X to incoming data from the underlying transport.

   "An extension negotiation offer" means each element in the
   "Sec-WebSocket-Extensions" header in the client's opening handshake.

   "An extension negotiation response" means each element in the
   "Sec-WebSocket-Extensions" header in the server's opening handshake.

   "A corresponding extension negotiation response for an extension
   negotiation offer" means an extension negotiation response that a
   server sends back to the peer client containing the same extension
   name as the offer and meeting the requirements represented by the
   offer.

   "Accepting an extension negotiation offer" means including a
   corresponding extension negotiation response for the offer in the
   "Sec-WebSocket-Extensions" header in the server's opening handshake.

   "Declining an extension negotiation offer" means not including a
   corresponding extension negotiation response for the offer in the
   "Sec-WebSocket-Extensions" header in the server's opening handshake.

Yoshino                Expires September 25, 2015               [Page 5]
Internet-Draft    Compression Extensions for WebSocket        March 2015

4.  WebSocket Per-message Compression Extension

   WebSocket Per-message Compression Extensions (PMCEs) are extensions
   to the WebSocket Protocol enabling compression functionality.  PMCEs
   are built based on the extension concept of the WebSocket Protocol
   specified in Section 9 of [RFC6455].  PMCEs are individually defined
   for each compression algorithm to be implemented, and are registered
   in the WebSocket Extension Name Registry created in Section 11.4 of
   [RFC6455].  Each PMCE referring to this framework MUST define the
   following:

   o  The extension name of the PMCE and any applicable extension
      parameters that MUST be included in the "Sec-WebSocket-Extensions"
      header during the extension negotiation offer/response.

   o  How to interpret the extension parameters exchanged during the
      opening handshake.

   o  How to transform the payload of a message.

   One PMCE extension is defined in Section 8 of this document and is
   registered in Section 10.  Other PMCEs may be defined in the future
   in other documents.

   Section 5 describes the basic extension negotiation process.
   Section 6 describes how to apply the compression algorithm with
   negotiated parameters to the contents of WebSocket messages.

Yoshino                Expires September 25, 2015               [Page 6]
Internet-Draft    Compression Extensions for WebSocket        March 2015

5.  Extension Negotiation

   To offer use of a PMCE, a client MUST include the extension name of
   the PMCE in the "Sec-WebSocket-Extensions" header field of its
   opening handshake of the WebSocket connection.  Extension parameters
   are used to specify the PMCE offer in detail.  For example, a client
   lists its preferred configuration parameter values for the
   compression algorithm of the PMCE.  A client may also offer multiple
   PMCE choices to the server by including multiple elements in the
   "Sec-WebSocket-Extensions" header, one for each PMCE offered.  This
   set of elements MAY include multiple PMCEs with the same extension
   name to offer the possibility to use the same algorithm with
   different configuration parameters.  The order of elements is
   important as it specifies the client's preference.  An element
   preceding another element has higher preference.  It is recommended
   that a server accepts PMCEs with higher preference if the server
   supports them.

   A PMCE negotiation offer provides requests and/or hints to the
   server.

   A request in a PMCE negotiation offer indicates constraints on the
   server's behavior that must be satisfied if the server accepts the
   offer.  For example, suppose that a server sends data compressed with
   the DEFLATE algorithm to a client.  The server must keep the original
   bytes of data that it recently compressed and sent to the client.
   The client must keep the result of decompressing the bytes of data
   that it recently received from the server.  The amount of bytes of
   data kept is called the LZ77 window size.  The LZ77 window size of
   the client must not be less than the LZ77 window size of the server.
   In a PMCE negotiation offer, the client must inform the server of its
   LZ77 window size so that the server uses an LZ77 window size that is
   not greater than the LZ77 window size of the client.  This
   restriction on the LZ77 window size is an example of a request in a
   PMCE negotiation offer.

   A hint in a PMCE negotiation offer provides information about the
   client's behavior that the server may either safely ignore or refer
   to when the server decides its behavior.  For example, suppose that a
   client sends data compressed with the DEFLATE algorithm to a server.
   The client must keep the original bytes of data that it recently
   compressed and sent to the server.  The server must keep the result
   of decompressing the bytes of data that it recently received from the
   client.  The LZ77 window size of the server must not be less than the
   LZ77 window size of the client.  In a PMCE negotiation offer, the
   client may inform the maximum LZ77 window size the client can afford
   so that the server can choose to use an LZ77 window size that is
   greater than the maximum size of the client.  This information is an

Yoshino                Expires September 25, 2015               [Page 7]
Internet-Draft    Compression Extensions for WebSocket        March 2015

   example of a hint in a PMCE negotiation offer.  It's waste of memory
   to use an LZ77 window size greater than the LZ77 window size the
   client actually uses.  Using the hint, the server can avoid the waste
   of memory.  Since the hint itself doesn't specify the constraints on
   the endpoints, the server must use the "agreed parameters" (defined
   below) to explicitly ask the client not to use an LZ77 window size
   greater than the LZ77 window size of the server.

   To accept the use of an offered PMCE, a server MUST include the
   extension name of the PMCE in the "Sec-WebSocket-Extensions" header
   field of its opening handshake of the WebSocket connection.
   Extension parameters represent the detailed configuration parameters
   of the PMCE to use.  These extension parameters and their values are
   called "agreed parameters".  The element MUST represent a PMCE that
   is fully supported by the server.  The contents of the element don't
   need to be exactly the same as those of the received extension
   negotiation offers.  For example, suppose that a server received a
   PMCE extension negotiation offer with an extension parameter "X"
   indicating that the client can enable an optional feature named X.
   The server may accept the PMCE offer with an element without the
   extension parameter "X" meaning that the server chose not to enable
   the feature X. In this case, the offer contains the extension
   parameter "X" but the "agreed parameters" don't contain the extension
   parameter "X".

   "Agreed parameters" MUST represent how the requests and hints in the
   client's extension negotiation offer have been handled in addition to
   the server's requests and hints on the client's behavior, so that the
   client can configure its behavior without identifying exactly which
   PMCE extension negotiation offer has been accepted.

   For example, if a client sends an extension negotiation offer that
   includes a parameter "enable_compression" and another without this
   parameter, the server accepts the former and informs the client by
   sending back an element that includes parameter(s) acknowledging
   "enable_compression".  The name of the acknowledging parameter
   doesn't need to be exactly the same as the offer.  For example, two
   parameters "enable_strong_compression" and "enable_weak_compression"
   may be defined as acknowledging parameters for "enable_compression".

   Compression features can be applied differently for each direction.
   For such features, the acknowledging parameter and the parameter in
   the reverse direction must be chosen to distinguish them.  For
   example, in order to make parameters distinguishable, a "server_"
   prefix can be added to parameters affecting data sent from a server
   and a "client_" prefix can be added to parameters affecting data sent
   from a client.

Yoshino                Expires September 25, 2015               [Page 8]
Internet-Draft    Compression Extensions for WebSocket        March 2015

   A server MUST NOT accept a PMCE extension negotiation offer together
   with another extension if the PMCE will conflict with the extension
   on their use of the RSV1 bit.  A client that received a response
   accepting a PMCE extension negotiation offer together with such an
   extension MUST _Fail the WebSocket Connection_.

   A server MUST NOT accept a PMCE extension negotiation offer together
   with another extension if the PMCE will be applied to the output of
   the extension and any of the following conditions applies to the
   extension:

   o  The extension requires the boundary of frames to be preserved
      between the output from the extension at the sender and the input
      to the extension at the receiver.

   o  The extension uses the "Extension data" field or any of the
      reserved bits on the WebSocket header as a per-frame attribute.

   A client that receives a response accepting a PMCE extension
   negotiation offer together with such an extension MUST _Fail the
   WebSocket Connection_.

   A server declining all offered PMCEs MUST not include any element
   with PMCE names.  If a server responds with no PMCE element in the
   "Sec-WebSocket-Extensions" header, both endpoints proceed without
   Per-message Compression once _the WebSocket Connection is
   established_.

   If a server gives an invalid response, such as accepting a PMCE that
   the client did not offer, the client MUST _Fail the WebSocket
   Connection_.

   If a server responds with a valid PMCE element in the
   "Sec-WebSocket-Extensions" header and _the WebSocket Connection is
   established_, both endpoints MUST use the algorithm described in
   Section 6 and the message payload transformation (compressing and
   decompressing) procedure of the PMCE configured with the "agreed
   parameters" returned by the server to exchange messages.

5.1.  General Negotiation Flow

   This section describes a general negotiation flow.  How to handle
   parameters in detail must be specified in the document specifying the
   PMCE.

   A client makes an offer including parameters identifying the
   following:

Yoshino                Expires September 25, 2015               [Page 9]
Internet-Draft    Compression Extensions for WebSocket        March 2015

   o  Hints about how the client is planning to compress data

   o  Requests about how the server compresses data

   o  Limitations concerning the client's compression functionality

   The peer server makes a determination of its behavior based on these
   parameters.  If the server can and wants to proceed with this PMCE
   enabled, the server responds to the client with parameters
   identifying the following:

   o  Requests about how the client compresses data

   o  How the server will compress data

   Based on these parameters received from the server, the client
   determines its behavior and if it can and wants to proceed with this
   PMCE enabled.  Otherwise, the client starts closing handshake with
   close code 1010.

5.2.  Negotiation Examples

   The following are example values for the "Sec-WebSocket-Extensions"
   header offering PMCEs. permessage-foo and permessage-bar in the
   examples are hypothetical extension names of PMCEs for compression
   algorithm foo and bar.

   o  Offer the permessage-foo.

          permessage-foo

   o  Offer the permessage-foo with a parameter x with a value of 10.

          permessage-foo; x=10

      The value MAY be quoted.

          permessage-foo; x="10"

   o  Offer the permessage-foo as first choice and the permessage-bar as
      a fallback plan.

          permessage-foo, permessage-bar

   o  Offer the permessage-foo with a parameter use_y which enables a
      feature y as first choice, and the permessage-foo without the
      use_y parameter as a fallback plan.

Yoshino                Expires September 25, 2015              [Page 10]
Internet-Draft    Compression Extensions for WebSocket        March 2015

          permessage-foo; use_y, permessage-foo

Yoshino                Expires September 25, 2015              [Page 11]
Internet-Draft    Compression Extensions for WebSocket        March 2015

6.  Framing

   PMCEs operate only on data messages.

   This document allocates the RSV1 bit of the WebSocket header for
   PMCEs, and calls the bit the "Per-message Compressed" bit.  On a
   WebSocket connection where a PMCE is in use, this bit indicates
   whether a message is compressed or not.

   A message with the "Per-message Compressed" bit set on the first
   fragment of the message is called a "compressed message".  Frames of
   a compressed message have compressed data in the payload data
   portion.  An endpoint receiving a compressed message decompresses the
   concatenation of the compressed data of the frames of the message by
   following the decompression procedure specified by the PMCE in use.
   The endpoint uses the bytes corresponding to the application data
   portion in this decompressed data for the _A WebSocket Message Has
   Been Received_ event instead of the received data as-is.

   A message with the "Per-message Compressed" bit unset on the first
   fragment of the message is called an "uncompressed message".  Frames
   of an uncompressed message have uncompressed original data as-is in
   the payload data portion.  An endpoint receiving an uncompressed
   message uses the concatenation of the application data portion of the
   frames of the message as-is for the _A WebSocket Message Has Been
   Received_ event.

6.1.  Compression

   An endpoint MUST use the following algorithm to send a message in the
   form of a compressed message.

   1.  Compress the message payload of the original message by following
       the compression procedure of the PMCE.  The original message may
       be input from the application layer or output of another
       WebSocket extension depending on which extensions were
       negotiated.

   2.  If this PMCE is the last extension to process of outgoing
       messages, build frame(s) by using the compressed data instead of
       the original data for the message payload, and set the
       "Per-message Compressed" bit of the first frame, then send the
       frame(s) as described in Section 6.1 of RFC6455.  Otherwise, pass
       the transformed message payload and modified header values
       including the "Per-message Compressed" bit value set to 1 to the
       extension next to the PMCE.  If the extension expects frames for
       input, build a frame for the message and pass it.

Yoshino                Expires September 25, 2015              [Page 12]
Internet-Draft    Compression Extensions for WebSocket        March 2015

   An endpoint MUST use the following algorithm to send a message in the
   form of an uncompressed message.  If this PMCE is the last extension
   to process of outgoing messages, build frame(s) by using the original
   data for the payload data portion as-is and unset the "Per-message
   Compressed" bit of the first frame, then send the frame(s) as
   described in Section 6.1 of RFC6455.  Otherwise, pass the message
   payload and header values to the extension next to the PMCE as-is.
   If the extension expects frames for input, build a frame for the
   message and pass it.

   An endpoint MUST NOT set the "Per-message Compressed" bit of control
   frames and non-first fragments of a data message.  An endpoint
   receiving such a frame MUST _Fail the WebSocket Connection_.

   PMCEs do not change the opcode field.  The opcode of the first frame
   of a compressed message indicates the opcode of the original message.

   The payload data portion in frames generated by a PMCE is not subject
   to the constraints for the original data type.  For example, the
   concatenation of the output data corresponding to the application
   data portion of frames of a compressed text message is not required
   to be valid UTF-8.  At the receiver, the payload data portion after
   decompression is subject to the constraints for the original data
   type again.

6.2.  Decompression

   An endpoint MUST use the following algorithm to receive a message in
   the form of a compressed message.

   1.  Concatenate the payload data portion of the received frames of
       the compressed message.  The received frames may be direct input
       from the underlying transport or output of another WebSocket
       extension depending on which extensions were negotiated.

   2.  Decompress the concatenation by following the decompression
       procedure of the PMCE.

   3.  If this is the last extension to process incoming messages,
       deliver the _A WebSocket Message Has Been Received_ event to the
       application layer with the decompressed message payload and
       header values including the "Per-message Compressed" bit unset to
       0.  Otherwise, pass the decompressed message payload and header
       values including the "Per-message Compressed" bit unset to 0 to
       the extension preceding the PMCE.  If the extension expects
       frames for input, build a frame for the message and pass it.

   An endpoint MUST use the following algorithm to receive a message in

Yoshino                Expires September 25, 2015              [Page 13]
Internet-Draft    Compression Extensions for WebSocket        March 2015

   the form of an uncompressed message.  If this PMCE is the last
   extension to process incoming messages, deliver the _A WebSocket
   Message Has Been Received_ event to the application layer with the
   received message payload and header values as-is.  Otherwise, pass
   the message payload and header values to the extension preceding the
   PMCE as-is.  If the extension expects frames for input, build a frame
   for the message and pass it.

Yoshino                Expires September 25, 2015              [Page 14]
Internet-Draft    Compression Extensions for WebSocket        March 2015

7.  Intermediaries

   When an intermediary proxies a WebSocket connection, the intermediary
   MAY add, change or remove Per-message Compression of proxied messages
   if the intermediary meets all of the following requirements:

   o  The intermediary understands the PMCE.

   o  The intermediary can read all data of the proxied WebSocket
      connection including the opening handshake request, opening
      handshake response, and messages.

   o  The intermediary can alter the proxied data before forwarding them
      in accordance with to the constraints of the new combination of
      extensions.  For example, if Per-message Compression is removed
      from messages, the corresponding element in the
      "Sec-WebSocket-Extensions" header in the opening handshake
      response which enabled the Per-message Compression must also be
      removed.

   Otherwise, the intermediary MUST NOT add, change or remove Per-
   message Compression of proxied messages.

Yoshino                Expires September 25, 2015              [Page 15]
Internet-Draft    Compression Extensions for WebSocket        March 2015

8.  permessage-deflate extension

   This section defines a specific PMCE called "permessage-deflate".  It
   compresses the payload of a message using the DEFLATE algorithm
   [RFC1951] and uses the byte boundary alignment method introduced in
   [RFC1979].

   This section uses the term "byte" with the same meaning as RFC1951,
   i.e. 8 bits stored or transmitted as a unit (same as an octet).

   The registered extension name for this extension is
   "permessage-deflate".

   Four extension parameters are defined for "permessage-deflate" to
   help endpoints manage per-connection resource usage.

   o  "server_no_context_takeover"

   o  "client_no_context_takeover"

   o  "server_max_window_bits"

   o  "client_max_window_bits"

   These parameters enable two methods (no_context_takeover and
   max_window_bits) of constraining memory usage that may be applied
   independently to either direction of WebSocket traffic.  The
   extension parameters with the "client_" prefix are used by the client
   to configure its compressor and by the server to configure its
   decompressor.  The extension parameters with the "server_" prefix are
   used by the server to configure its compressor and by the client to
   configure its decompressor.  All four parameters are defined for both
   a client's extension negotiation offer and a server's extension
   negotiation response.

   A server MUST decline an extension negotiation offer for this
   extension if any of the following conditions are met:

   o  The negotiation offer contains an extension parameter not defined
      for use in an offer.

   o  The negotiation offer contains an extension parameter with an
      invalid value.

   o  The negotiation offer contains multiple extension parameters with
      the same name.

Yoshino                Expires September 25, 2015              [Page 16]
Internet-Draft    Compression Extensions for WebSocket        March 2015

   o  The server doesn't support the offered configuration.

   A client MUST _Fail the WebSocket Connection_ if the peer server
   accepted an extension negotiation offer for this extension with an
   extension negotiation response meeting any of the following
   conditions:

   o  The negotiation response contains an extension parameter not
      defined for use in a response.

   o  The negotiation response contains an extension parameter with an
      invalid value.

   o  The negotiation response contains multiple extension parameters
      with the same name.

   o  The client does not support the configuration that the response
      represents.

   The term "LZ77 sliding window" used in this section means the buffer
   used by the DEFLATE algorithm to store recently processed input.  The
   DEFLATE compression algorithm searches the buffer for a match with
   the following input.

   The term "use context take over" used in this section means that the
   same LZ77 sliding window used by the endpoint to build frames of the
   previous sent message is reused to build frames of the next message
   to be sent.

8.1.  Method Parameters

8.1.1.  Context Takeover Control

8.1.1.1.  server_no_context_takeover

   A client MAY include the "server_no_context_takeover" extension
   parameter in an extension negotiation offer.  This extension
   parameter has no value.  By including this extension parameter in an
   extension negotiation offer, a client prevents the peer server from
   using context take over.  If the peer server doesn't use context take
   over, the client doesn't need to reserve memory to retain the LZ77
   sliding window between messages.

   Absence of this extension parameter in an extension negotiation offer
   indicates that the client can decompress a message which the server
   built using context take over.

   A server accepts an extension negotiation offer that includes the

Yoshino                Expires September 25, 2015              [Page 17]
Internet-Draft    Compression Extensions for WebSocket        March 2015

   "server_no_context_takeover" extension parameter by including the
   "server_no_context_takeover" extension parameter in the corresponding
   extension negotiation response to send back to the client.  The
   "server_no_context_takeover" extension parameter in an extension
   negotiation response has no value.

   It is RECOMMENDED that a server supports the
   "server_no_context_takeover" extension parameter in an extension
   negotiation offer.

   A server MAY include the "server_no_context_takeover" extension
   parameter in an extension negotiation response even if the extension
   negotiation offer being accepted by the extension negotiation
   response didn't include the "server_no_context_takeover" extension
   parameter.

8.1.1.2.  client_no_context_takeover

   A client MAY include the "client_no_context_takeover" extension
   parameter in an extension negotiation offer.  This extension
   parameter has no value.  By including this extension parameter in an
   extension negotiation offer, a client informs the peer server of a
   hint that even if the server doesn't include the
   "client_no_context_takeover" extension parameter in the corresponding
   extension negotiation response to the offer, the client is not going
   to use context take over.

   A server MAY include the "client_no_context_takeover" extension
   parameter in an extension negotiation response.  If the received
   extension negotiation offer includes the "client_no_context_takeover"
   extension parameter, the server may either ignore the parameter or
   use the parameter to avoid taking over the LZ77 sliding window
   unnecessarily by including the "client_no_context_takeover" extension
   parameter in the corresponding extension negotiation response to the
   offer.  The "client_no_context_takeover" extension parameter in an
   extension negotiation response has no value.  By including the
   "client_no_context_takeover" extension parameter in an extension
   negotiation response, a server prevents the peer client from using
   context take over.  This reduces the amount of memory that the server
   has to reserve for the connection.

   Absence of this extension parameter in an extension negotiation
   response indicates that the server can decompress messages built by
   the client using context take over.

   A client MUST support the "client_no_context_takeover" extension
   parameter in an extension negotiation response.

Yoshino                Expires September 25, 2015              [Page 18]
Internet-Draft    Compression Extensions for WebSocket        March 2015

8.1.2.  Limiting the LZ77 sliding window size

8.1.2.1.  server_max_window_bits

   A client MAY include the "server_max_window_bits" extension parameter
   in an extension negotiation offer.  This parameter has a decimal
   integer value without leading zeroes between 8 to 15 inclusive
   indicating the base-2 logarithm of the LZ77 sliding window size and
   MUST conform to the ABNF below.

       server_max_window_bits = 1*DIGIT

   By including this parameter in an extension negotiation offer, a
   client limits the LZ77 sliding window size that the server will use
   to compress messages.  If the peer server uses a small LZ77 sliding
   window to compress messages, the client can reduce the memory needed
   for the LZ77 sliding window.

   A server declines an extension negotiation offer with this parameter
   if the server doesn't support it.

   Absence of this parameter in an extension negotiation offer indicates
   that the client can receive messages compressed using an LZ77 sliding
   window of up to 32,768 bytes.

   A server accepts an extension negotiation offer with this parameter
   by including the "server_max_window_bits" extension parameter in the
   extension negotiation response to send back to the client with the
   same or smaller value as the offer.  The "server_max_window_bits"
   extension parameter in an extension negotiation response has a
   decimal integer value without leading zeroes between 8 to 15
   inclusive indicating the base-2 logarithm of the LZ77 sliding window
   size and MUST conform to the ABNF below.

       server_max_window_bits = 1*DIGIT

   A server MAY include the "server_max_window_bits" extension parameter
   in an extension negotiation response even if the extension
   negotiation offer being accepted by the response didn't include the
   "server_max_window_bits" extension parameter.

8.1.2.2.  client_max_window_bits

   A client MAY include the "client_max_window_bits" extension parameter
   in an extension negotiation offer.  This parameter has no value or a
   decimal integer value without leading zeroes between 8 to 15
   inclusive indicating the base-2 logarithm of the LZ77 sliding window
   size.  If a value is specified for this parameter, the value MUST

Yoshino                Expires September 25, 2015              [Page 19]
Internet-Draft    Compression Extensions for WebSocket        March 2015

   conform to the ABNF below.

       client_max_window_bits = 1*DIGIT

   By including this parameter in an offer, a client informs the peer
   server that the client supports the "client_max_window_bits"
   extension parameter in an extension negotiation response, and
   optionally a hint by attaching a value to the parameter.  If the
   "client_max_window_bits" extension parameter in an extension
   negotiation offer has a value, the parameter also informs the peer
   server of a hint that even if the server doesn't include the
   "client_max_window_bits" extension parameter in the corresponding
   extension negotiation response with a value greater than the one in
   the extension negotiation offer or the server doesn't include the
   extension parameter at all, the client is not going to use an LZ77
   sliding window size greater than the size specified by the value in
   the extension negotiation offer to compress messages.

   If a received extension negotiation offer has the
   "client_max_window_bits" extension parameter, the server MAY include
   the "client_max_window_bits" extension parameter in the corresponding
   extension negotiation response to the offer.  If the
   "client_max_window_bits" extension parameter in a received extension
   negotiation offer has a value, the server may either ignore this
   value or use this value to avoid allocating an unnecessarily big LZ77
   sliding window by including the "client_max_window_bits" extension
   parameter in the corresponding extension negotiation response to the
   offer with a value equal to or smaller than the received value.  The
   "client_max_window_bits" extension parameter in an extension
   negotiation response has a decimal integer value without leading
   zeroes between 8 to 15 inclusive indicating the base-2 logarithm of
   the LZ77 sliding window size and MUST conform to the ABNF below.

       client_max_window_bits = 1*DIGIT

   By including this extension parameter in an extension negotiation
   response, a server limits the LZ77 sliding window size that the
   client uses to compress messages.  This reduces the amount of memory
   for the decompression context that the server has to reserve for the
   connection.

   If a received extension negotiation offer doesn't have the
   "client_max_window_bits" extension parameter, the corresponding
   extension negotiation response to the offer MUST NOT include the
   "client_max_window_bits" extension parameter.

   Absence of this extension parameter in an extension negotiation
   response indicates that the server can receive messages compressed

Yoshino                Expires September 25, 2015              [Page 20]
Internet-Draft    Compression Extensions for WebSocket        March 2015

   using an LZ77 sliding window of up to 32,768 bytes.

8.1.3.  Examples

   The simplest "Sec-WebSocket-Extensions" header in a client's opening
   handshake to offer use of the permessage-deflate extension looks like
   this:

       Sec-WebSocket-Extensions: permessage-deflate

   Since the "client_max_window_bits" extension parameter is not
   included in this extension negotiation offer, the server must not
   accept the offer with an extension negotiation response that includes
   the "client_max_window_bits" extension parameter.  The simplest
   "Sec-WebSocket-Extensions" header in a server's opening handshake to
   accept use of the permessage-deflate extension is the same:

       Sec-WebSocket-Extensions: permessage-deflate

   The following extension negotiation offer sent by a client is asking
   the server to use an LZ77 sliding window with a size of 1,024 bytes
   or less and declaring that the client supports the
   "client_max_window_bits" extension parameter in an extension
   negotiation response.

       Sec-WebSocket-Extensions:
           permessage-deflate;
           client_max_window_bits; server_max_window_bits=10

   This extension negotiation offer might be rejected by the server
   because the server doesn't support the "server_max_window_bits"
   extension parameter in an extension negotiation offer.  This is fine
   if the client cannot receive messages compressed using a larger
   sliding window size, but if the client just prefers using a small
   window but wants to fall back to the "permessage-deflate" without the
   "server_max_window_bits" extension parameter, the client can make an
   offer with the fallback option like this:

       Sec-WebSocket-Extensions:
           permessage-deflate;
           client_max_window_bits; server_max_window_bits=10,
           permessage-deflate;
           client_max_window_bits

   The server can accept permessage-deflate by picking any supported one
   from the listed offers.  To accept the first option, for example, the
   server may send back a response as follows:

Yoshino                Expires September 25, 2015              [Page 21]
Internet-Draft    Compression Extensions for WebSocket        March 2015

       Sec-WebSocket-Extensions:
           permessage-deflate; server_max_window_bits=10

   To accept the second option, for example, the server may send back a
   response as follows:

       Sec-WebSocket-Extensions: permessage-deflate

8.2.  Message Payload Transformation

8.2.1.  Compression

   An endpoint uses the following algorithm to compress a message.

   1.  Compress all the octets of the payload of the message using
       DEFLATE.

   2.  If the resulting data does not end with an empty DEFLATE block
       with no compression (the "BTYPE" bits are set to 00), append an
       empty DEFLATE block with no compression to the tail end.

   3.  Remove 4 octets (that are 0x00 0x00 0xff 0xff) from the tail end.
       After this step, the last octet of the compressed data contains
       (possibly part of) the DEFLATE header bits with the "BTYPE" bits
       set to 00.

   When using DEFLATE in the first step above:

   o  An endpoint MAY use multiple DEFLATE blocks to compress one
      message.

   o  An endpoint MAY use DEFLATE blocks of any type.

   o  An endpoint MAY use both DEFLATE blocks with the "BFINAL" bit set
      to 0 and DEFLATE blocks with the "BFINAL" bit set to 1.

   o  When any DEFLATE block with the "BFINAL" bit set to 1 doesn't end
      at a byte boundary, an endpoint MUST add minimal padding bits of 0
      to make it end at a byte boundary.  The next DEFLATE block follows
      the padded data if any.

   An endpoint fragments a compressed message by splitting the result of
   running this algorithm.  Even when only part of the payload is
   available, a fragment can be built by compressing the available data
   and choosing the block type appropriately so that the end of the
   resulting compressed data is aligned at a byte boundary.  Note that
   for non-final fragments, the removal of 0x00 0x00 0xff 0xff must not
   be done.

Yoshino                Expires September 25, 2015              [Page 22]
Internet-Draft    Compression Extensions for WebSocket        March 2015

   An endpoint MUST NOT use an LZ77 sliding window longer than 32,768
   bytes to compress messages to send.

   If the "agreed parameters" contain the "client_no_context_takeover"
   extension parameter, the client MUST start compressing each new
   message with an empty LZ77 sliding window.  Otherwise, the client MAY
   take over the LZ77 sliding window used to build the last compressed
   message.  Note that even if the client has included the
   "client_no_context_takeover" extension parameter in its offer, the
   client MAY take over the LZ77 sliding window used to build the last
   compressed message if the "agreed parameters" don't contain the
   "client_no_context_takeover" extension parameter.  The client-to-
   server "client_no_context_takeover" extension parameter is just a
   hint for the server to build an extension negotiation response.

   If the "agreed parameters" contain the "server_no_context_takeover"
   extension parameter, the server MUST start compressing each new
   message with an empty LZ77 sliding window.  Otherwise, the server MAY
   take over the LZ77 sliding window used to build the last compressed
   message.

   If the "agreed parameters" contain the "client_max_window_bits"
   extension parameter with a value of w, the client MUST NOT use an
   LZ77 sliding window longer than the w-th power of 2 bytes to compress
   messages to send.  Note that even if the client has included in its
   offer the "client_max_window_bits" extension parameter with a value
   smaller than one in the "agreed parameters", the client MAY use an
   LZ77 sliding window with any size to compress messages to send as
   long as the size conforms to the "agreed parameters".  The client-to-
   server "client_max_window_bits" extension parameter is just a hint
   for the server to build an extension negotiation response.

   If the "agreed parameters" contain the "server_max_window_bits"
   extension parameter with a value of w, the server MUST NOT use an
   LZ77 sliding window longer than the w-th power of 2 bytes to compress
   messages to send.

8.2.2.  Decompression

   An endpoint uses the following algorithm to decompress a message.

   1.  Append 4 octets of 0x00 0x00 0xff 0xff to the tail end of the
       payload of the message.

   2.  Decompress the resulting data using DEFLATE.

   If the "agreed parameters" contain the "server_no_context_takeover"
   extension parameter, the client MAY decompress each new message with

Yoshino                Expires September 25, 2015              [Page 23]
Internet-Draft    Compression Extensions for WebSocket        March 2015

   an empty LZ77 sliding window.  Otherwise, the client MUST decompress
   each new message using the LZ77 sliding window used to process the
   last compressed message.

   If the "agreed parameters" contain the "client_no_context_takeover"
   extension parameter, the server MAY decompress each new message with
   an empty LZ77 sliding window.  Otherwise, the server MUST decompress
   each new message using the LZ77 sliding window used to process the
   last compressed message.  Note that even if the client has included
   the "client_no_context_takeover" extension parameter in its offer,
   the server MUST decompress each new message using the LZ77 sliding
   window used to process the last compressed message if the "agreed
   parameters" don't contain the "client_no_context_takeover" extension
   parameter.  The client-to-server "client_no_context_takeover"
   extension parameter is just a hint for the server to build an
   extension negotiation response.

   If the "agreed parameters" contain the "server_max_window_bits"
   extension parameter with a value of w, the client MAY reduce the size
   of its LZ77 sliding window to decompress received messages down to
   the w-th power of 2 bytes.  Otherwise, the client MUST use a 32,768
   byte LZ77 sliding window to decompress received messages.

   If the "agreed parameters" contain the "client_max_window_bits"
   extension parameter with a value of w, the server MAY reduce the size
   of its LZ77 sliding window to decompress received messages down to
   the w-th power of 2 bytes.  Otherwise, the server MUST use a 32,768
   byte LZ77 sliding window to decompress received messages.  Note that
   even if the client has included in its offer the
   "client_max_window_bits" extension parameter with a value smaller
   than one in the "agreed parameters", the client MUST use an LZ77
   sliding window of a size that conforms the "agreed parameters" to
   compress messages to send.  The client-to-server
   "client_max_window_bits" extension parameter is just a hint for the
   server to build an extension negotiation response.

8.2.3.  Examples

   This section introduces examples of how the permessage-deflate
   extension transforms messages.

8.2.3.1.  A message compressed using 1 compressed DEFLATE block

   Suppose that an endpoint sends a text message "Hello".  If the
   endpoint uses 1 compressed DEFLATE block (compressed with fixed
   Huffman code and the "BFINAL" bit not set) to compress the message,
   the endpoint obtains the compressed data to use for the message
   payload as follows.

Yoshino                Expires September 25, 2015              [Page 24]
Internet-Draft    Compression Extensions for WebSocket        March 2015

   The endpoint compresses "Hello" into 1 compressed DEFLATE block and
   flushes the resulting data into a byte array using an empty DEFLATE
   block with no compression:

       0xf2 0x48 0xcd 0xc9 0xc9 0x07 0x00 0x00 0x00 0xff 0xff

   By stripping 0x00 0x00 0xff 0xff from the tail end, the endpoint gets
   the data to use for the message payload:

       0xf2 0x48 0xcd 0xc9 0xc9 0x07 0x00

   Suppose that the endpoint sends this compressed message without
   fragmentation.  The endpoint builds one frame by putting the whole
   compressed data in the payload data portion of the frame:

       0xc1 0x07 0xf2 0x48 0xcd 0xc9 0xc9 0x07 0x00

   The first 2 octets (0xc1 0x07) are the WebSocket frame header (FIN=1,
   RSV1=1, RSV2=0, RSV3=0, opcode=text, MASK=0, Payload length=7).  The
   following figure shows what value is set in each field of the
   WebSocket frame header.

        0                   1
        0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
       +-+-+-+-+-------+-+-------------+
       |F|R|R|R| opcode|M| Payload len |
       |I|S|S|S|       |A|             |
       |N|V|V|V|       |S|             |
       | |1|2|3|       |K|             |
       +-+-+-+-+-------+-+-------------+
       |1|1|0|0|   1   |0|      7      |
       +-+-+-+-+-------+-+-------------+

   Suppose that the endpoint sends the compressed message with
   fragmentation.  The endpoint splits the compressed data into
   fragments and builds frames for each fragment.  For example, if the
   fragments are 3 and 4 octet, the first frame is:

       0x41 0x03 0xf2 0x48 0xcd

   and the second frame is:

       0x80 0x04 0xc9 0xc9 0x07 0x00

   Note that the RSV1 bit is set only on the first frame.

Yoshino                Expires September 25, 2015              [Page 25]
Internet-Draft    Compression Extensions for WebSocket        March 2015

8.2.3.2.  Sharing LZ77 Sliding Window

   Suppose that a client has sent a message "Hello" as a compressed
   message and will send the same message "Hello" again as a compressed
   message.

       0xf2 0x48 0xcd 0xc9 0xc9 0x07 0x00

   The above is the payload of the first message that the client has
   sent.  If the "agreed parameters" contain the
   "client_no_context_takeover" extension parameter, the client
   compresses the payload of the next message into the same bytes (if
   the client uses the same "BTYPE" value and "BFINAL" value).  So, the
   payload of the second message will be:

       0xf2 0x48 0xcd 0xc9 0xc9 0x07 0x00

   If the "agreed parameters" did not contain the
   "client_no_context_takeover" extension parameter, the client can
   compress the payload of the next message into less bytes by
   referencing the history in the LZ77 sliding window.  So, the payload
   of the second message will be:

       0xf2 0x00 0x11 0x00 0x00

   So, 2 bytes are saved in total.

   Note that even if some uncompressed messages (with the RSV1 bit
   unset) are inserted between the two "Hello" messages, they don't
   affect the LZ77 sliding window.

8.2.3.3.  Using a DEFLATE Block with No Compression

       0xc1 0x0b 0x00 0x05 0x00 0xfa 0xff 0x48 0x65 0x6c 0x6c 0x6f 0x00

   This is a frame constituting a text message "Hello" built using a
   DEFLATE block with no compression.  The first 2 octets (0xc1 0x0b)
   are the WebSocket frame header (FIN=1, RSV1=1, RSV2=0, RSV3=0,
   opcode=text, MASK=0, Payload length=7).  Note that the RSV1 bit is
   set for this message (only on the first fragment if the message is
   fragmented) because the RSV1 bit is set when DEFLATE is applied to
   the message, including the case when only DEFLATE blocks with no
   compression are used.  The 3rd to 13th octets consist the payload
   data containing "Hello" compressed using a DEFLATE block with no
   compression.

Yoshino                Expires September 25, 2015              [Page 26]
Internet-Draft    Compression Extensions for WebSocket        March 2015

8.2.3.4.  Using a DEFLATE Block with BFINAL Set to 1

   On platforms on which the flush method using an empty DEFLATE block
   with no compression is not available, implementors can choose to
   flush data using DEFLATE blocks with "BFINAL" set to 1.

       0xf3 0x48 0xcd 0xc9 0xc9 0x07 0x00 0x00

   This is the payload of a message containing "Hello" compressed using
   a DEFLATE block with "BFINAL" set to 1.  The first 7 octets
   constitute a DEFLATE block with "BFINAL" set to 1 and "BTYPE" set to
   01 containing "Hello".  The last 1 octet (0x00) contains the header
   bits with "BFINAL" set to 0 and "BTYPE" set to 00, and 5 padding bits
   of 0.  This octet is necessary to allow the payload to be
   decompressed in the same manner as messages flushed using DEFLATE
   blocks with BFINAL unset.

8.2.3.5.  Two DEFLATE Blocks in 1 Message

   Two or more DEFLATE blocks may be used in 1 message.

       0xf2 0x48 0x05 0x00 0x00 0x00 0xff 0xff 0xca 0xc9 0xc9 0x07 0x00

   The first 3 octets (0xf2 0x48 0x05) and the least significant two
   bits of the 4th octet (0x00) constitute one DEFLATE block with
   "BFINAL" set to 0 and "BTYPE" set to 01 containing "He".  The rest of
   the 4th octet contains the header bits with "BFINAL" set to 0 and
   "BTYPE" set to 00, and the 3 padding bits of 0.  Together with the
   following 4 octets (0x00 0x00 0xff 0xff), the header bits constitute
   an empty DEFLATE block with no compression.  A DEFLATE block
   containing "llo" follows the empty DEFLATE block.

8.2.3.6.  Generating an Empty Fragment Manually

   Suppose that an endpoint is sending data of unknown size.  The
   endpoint may encounter the end of data signal from the data source
   when its buffer for uncompressed data is empty.  In such a case, the
   endpoint just needs to send the last fragment with FIN bit set to 1
   and payload set to DEFLATE block(s) which contains 0 bytes of data.
   If the compression library being used doesn't generate any data when
   its buffer is empty, an empty uncompressed DEFLATE block can be built
   manually and used for this purpose as follows:

       0x00

   The only octet 0x00 contains the header bits with "BFINAL" set to 0
   and "BTYPE" set to 00, and 5 padding bits of 0.

Yoshino                Expires September 25, 2015              [Page 27]
Internet-Draft    Compression Extensions for WebSocket        March 2015

8.3.  Implementation Notes

   On most common software development platforms, the DEFLATE
   compression library provides a method for aligning compressed data to
   byte boundaries using an empty DEFLATE block with no compression.
   For example, Zlib [Zlib] does this when "Z_SYNC_FLUSH" is passed to
   the deflate function.

   Some platforms may provide only methods to output and process
   compressed data with a ZLIB header and an Adler-32 checksum.  On such
   platforms, developers need to write stub code to remove and
   complement them manually.

   To obtain a useful compression ratio, an LZ77 sliding window size of
   1,024 or more is RECOMMENDED.

   If a side disallows context takeover, its endpoint can easily figure
   out whether a certain message will be shorter if compressed or not.
   Otherwise, it's not easy to know whether future messages will benefit
   from having a certain message compressed.  Implementors may employ
   some heuristics to determine this.

8.4.  Intermediaries

   When an intermediary forwards a message, the intermediary MAY change
   the compression of messages provided that the resulting sequence of
   messages conforms to the constraints based on the "agreed
   parameters".  For example, an intermediary may decompress a received
   message, unset the "Per-message Compressed" bit and forward it to the
   other peer.  Since such a compression change may affect the LZ77
   sliding window, the intermediary may need to parse and transform the
   following messages, too.

Yoshino                Expires September 25, 2015              [Page 28]
Internet-Draft    Compression Extensions for WebSocket        March 2015

9.  Security Considerations

   There is a known exploit when history-based compression is combined
   with a secure transport [CRIME].  Implementors should pay attention
   to this point when integrating this extension with other extensions
   or protocols.

Yoshino                Expires September 25, 2015              [Page 29]
Internet-Draft    Compression Extensions for WebSocket        March 2015

10.  IANA Considerations

10.1.  Registration of the "permessage-deflate" WebSocket Extension Name

   This section describes a WebSocket extension name registration in the
   WebSocket Extension Name Registry [RFC6455].

   Extension Identifier
      permessage-deflate

   Extension Common Name
      WebSocket Per-message Deflate

   Extension Definition
      This document.

   Known Incompatible Extensions
      None

   The "permessage-deflate" extension name is used in the
   "Sec-WebSocket-Extensions" header in the WebSocket opening handshake
   to negotiate use of the permessage-deflate extension.

10.2.  Registration of the "Per-message Compressed" WebSocket Framing
       Header Bit

   This section describes a WebSocket framing header bit registration in
   the WebSocket Framing Header Bits Registry [RFC6455].

   Header Bit
      RSV1

   Common Name
      Per-message Compressed

   Meaning
      The message is compressed or not.

   Reference
      Section 6 of this document.

   The "Per-message Compressed" framing header bit is used on the first
   fragment of data messages to indicate whether the payload of the
   message is compressed by the PMCE or not.

Yoshino                Expires September 25, 2015              [Page 30]
Internet-Draft    Compression Extensions for WebSocket        March 2015

11.  Acknowledgements

   Special thanks to Patrick McManus who wrote up the initial
   specification of a DEFLATE-based compression extension for the
   WebSocket Protocol to which I referred to write this specification.

   Thank you to the following people who participated in discussions on
   the HyBi WG and contributed ideas and/or provided detailed reviews
   (the list is likely to be incomplete): Adam Rice, Alexander
   Philippou, Alexey Melnikov, Arman Djusupov, Bjoern Hoehrmann, Brian
   McKelvey, Dario Crivelli, Greg Wilkins, Inaki Baz Castillo, Jamie
   Lokier, Joakim Erdfelt, John A. Tamplin, Julian Reschke, Kenichi
   Ishibashi, Mark Nottingham, Peter Thorson, Roberto Peon, Salvatore
   Loreto, Simone Bordet, Tobias Oberstein and Yutaka Hirano.  Note that
   people listed above didn't necessarily endorse the end result of this
   work.

Yoshino                Expires September 25, 2015              [Page 31]
Internet-Draft    Compression Extensions for WebSocket        March 2015

12.  References

12.1.  Normative References

   [RFC1951]  Deutsch, P., "DEFLATE Compressed Data Format Specification
              version 1.3", RFC 1951, May 1996.

   [RFC5234]  Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
              Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234, January 2008.

   [RFC6455]  Fette, I. and A. Melnikov, "The WebSocket Protocol",
              RFC 6455, December 2011.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [LZ77]     Ziv, J. and A. Lempel, "A Universal Algorithm for
              Sequential Data Compression", IEEE Transactions on
              Information Theory, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 337-343.

12.2.  Informative References

   [RFC1979]  Woods, J., "PPP Deflate Protocol", RFC 1979, August 1996.

   [Zlib]     Gailly, J. and M. Adler, "Zlib", <http://zlib.net/>.

   [CRIME]    Rizzo, J. and T. Duong, "The CRIME attack", Ekoparty 2012,
              September 2012.

Yoshino                Expires September 25, 2015              [Page 32]
Internet-Draft    Compression Extensions for WebSocket        March 2015

Author's Address

   Takeshi Yoshino
   Google, Inc.

   Email: tyoshino@google.com

Yoshino                Expires September 25, 2015              [Page 33]