MPLS Working Group R. Gandhi, Ed.
Internet-Draft Z. Ali
Intended status: Standards Track C. Filsfils
Expires: March 17, 2021 F. Brockners
Cisco Systems, Inc.
B. Wen
V. Kozak
Comcast
September 13, 2020
MPLS Data Plane Encapsulation for In-situ OAM Data
draft-gandhi-mpls-ioam-sr-03
Abstract
In-situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (IOAM) records
operational and telemetry information in the data packet while the
packet traverses a path between two nodes in the network. This
document defines how IOAM data fields are transported using the MPLS
data plane encapsulation, including Segment Routing (SR) with MPLS
data plane (SR-MPLS).
Status of This Memo
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1. Requirement Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2. Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. IOAM Data Field Encapsulation in MPLS Header . . . . . . . . 3
3.1. Indicator Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4. Procedure for Edge-to-Edge IOAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.1. Edge-to-Edge IOAM Indicator Label Allocation . . . . . . 7
5. Procedure for Hop-by-Hop IOAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.1. Hop-by-Hop IOAM Indicator Label Allocation . . . . . . . 8
6. Considerations for ECMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7. Node Capability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8. Data Packets with SR-MPLS Header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
9. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
10. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
11. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
11.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
11.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1. Introduction
In-situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (IOAM) records
operational and telemetry information within the packet while the
packet traverses a particular network domain. The term "in-situ"
refers to the fact that the IOAM data fields are added to the data
packets rather than being sent within the probe packets specifically
dedicated to OAM or Performance Measurement (PM). The IOAM data
fields are defined in [I-D.ietf-ippm-ioam-data], and can be used for
various use-cases for OAM and PM. The IOAM data fields are further
updated in [I-D.ietf-ippm-ioam-direct-export] for direct export use-
cases and in [I-D.ietf-ippm-ioam-flags] for Loopback and Active
flags.
This document defines how IOAM data fields are transported using the
MPLS data plane encapsulations, including Segment Routing (SR) with
MPLS data plane (SR-MPLS).
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2. Conventions
2.1. Requirement Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119] [RFC8174]
when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.
2.2. Abbreviations
Abbreviations used in this document:
ECMP Equal Cost Multi-Path
IOAM In-situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance
MPLS Multiprotocol Label Switching
OAM Operations, Administration, and Maintenance
PM Performance Measurement
POT Proof-of-Transit
PSID Path Segment Identifier
SR Segment Routing
SR-MPLS Segment Routing with MPLS Data plane
3. IOAM Data Field Encapsulation in MPLS Header
The IOAM data fields defined in [I-D.ietf-ippm-ioam-data] are used.
IOAM data fields are carried in the MPLS header as shown in Figure 1
and Figure 2. More than one trace options can be present in the IOAM
data fields. The Indicator Label is added at the bottom of the MPLS
label stack (S flag set to 1) to indicate the presence of the IOAM
data field(s) in the MPLS header.
The data packets with IOAM data fields carry only one Indicator Label
in the MPLS header. Any intermediate node that adds additional MPLS
encapsulation in the MPLS header may further update the IOAM data
fields in the header without inserting another Indicator Label.
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0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Extension Label (15) | TC |0| TTL |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| IOAM Indicator Label | TC |1| TTL |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+<-+
| IOAM-Type | IOAM HDR LEN | RESERVED | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ I
| | O
| | A
~ IOAM Option and Data Space ~ M
| | |
| | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+<-+
| |
| |
| Payload + Padding |
| |
| |
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 1: IOAM Encapsulation in MPLS Header
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0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Extension Label (15) | TC |0| TTL |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| IOAM and Flow Indicator Label | TC |1| TTL |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|0 0 1 0| Flow label | Block Number |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+<-+
| IOAM-Type | IOAM HDR LEN | RESERVED | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ I
| | O
| | A
~ IOAM Option and Data Space ~ M
| | |
| | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+<-+
| |
| |
| Payload + Padding |
| |
| |
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 2: IOAM Encapsulation with Flow Label in MPLS Header
IOAM Indicator Label (IIL) and IOAM and Flow Indicator Label (IFIL)
used are defined in this document.
The fields related to the encapsulation of IOAM data fields in the
MPLS header are defined as follows:
IOAM-Type: 8-bit field defining the IOAM Option type, as defined in
Section 7.2 of [I-D.ietf-ippm-ioam-data].
IOAM HDR LEN: 8-bit unsigned integer. Length of the IOAM HDR in
4-octet units.
RESERVED: 8-bit reserved field MUST be set to zero upon transmission
and ignored upon receipt.
IOAM Option and Data Space: IOAM option header and data is present
as defined by the IOAM-Type field, and is defined in Section 4 of
[I-D.ietf-ippm-ioam-data].
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3.1. Indicator Labels
IOAM Indicator Label (value TBA1 or TBA3) and IOAM and Flow Indicator
Label (value TBA2 or TBA4) are used to indicate the presence of the
IOAM data field in the MPLS header.
The IOAM and Flow Indicator Label (value TBA2 or TBA4) is used to
carry a second label underneath with protocol value 0010b, 20-bit
Flow Label and 8-bit Block Number.
o The protocol value 0010b allows to avoid incorrect IP header-based
hashing over ECMP paths that uses the value 0x4 (for IPv4) and
value 0x6 (for IPv6) [RFC4928].
o The Flow Label identifies the traffic flow that can be used for
IOAM purpose, e.g. monitoring a specific traffic flow for latency.
o The Block Number can be used to aggregate the IOAM data collected
in data plane, e.g. compute measurement metrics for each block of
a flow. It is also used to correlate the IOAM data on different
nodes.
Different Indicator Labels are used for E2E and HbH IOAM to optimize
processing on transit nodes and for checking if IOAM data fields need
to be processed. If only edge nodes need to process IOAM data then
E2E Indicator Label is used so that transit nodes can ignore it. If
both edge and transit nodes need to process IOAM data then HbH
Indicator Label is used.
The SR path computation needs to know the Maximum SID Depth (MSD)
that can be imposed at each node/link of a given SR path [RFC8664].
This ensures that the SID stack depth of a computed path does not
exceed the number of SIDs the node is capable of imposing. The MSD
used for path computation MUST include the Indicator Labels.
4. Procedure for Edge-to-Edge IOAM
The Edge-to-Edge (E2E) IOAM includes IOAM Option-Type as Edge-to-Edge
Option-Type [I-D.ietf-ippm-ioam-data]. This section summarizes the
procedure for data encapsulation and decapsulation for Edge-to-Edge
IOAM in MPLS header.
o The encapsulating node inserts the IOAM Indicator Label or IOAM
Flow Indicator Label with Flow Label and one or more IOAM data
field(s) in the MPLS header. The procedure to generate the Flow
Label is outside the scope of this document.
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o The decapsulating node "forwards and punts the timestamped copy"
of the data packet including IOAM data fields when the node
recognizes the IOAM Indicator Label and IOAM Flow Indicator Label.
The copy of the data packet is punted to the slow path for OAM
processing and is not necessarily punted to the control-plane.
The receive timestamp is required by various E2E OAM use-cases.
o The decapsulating node processes the IOAM data field(s) using the
procedures defined in [I-D.ietf-ippm-ioam-data]. An example of
IOAM processing may be to export the data fields, send data fields
via Telemetry, etc.
o The decapsulating node also pops the Indicator Label and the IOAM
data fields from the MPLS header.
4.1. Edge-to-Edge IOAM Indicator Label Allocation
IOAM Indicator Label (value TBA1) and IOAM and Flow Indicator Label
(value TBA2) are used to indicate the presence of the E2E IOAM data
field in the MPLS header. The E2E IOAM Indicator Label and IOAM and
Flow Indicator Label can be allocated using one of the following
methods:
o Labels assigned by IANA with value TBA1 and TBA2 from the Extended
Special-Purpose MPLS Values [I-D.ietf-mpls-spl-terminology].
o Labels allocated by a Controller from the global table of the
decapsulating node. The Controller provisions the label on both
encapsulating and decapsulating nodes.
o Labels allocated by the decapsulating node. The signaling
extension for this is outside the scope of this document.
5. Procedure for Hop-by-Hop IOAM
The Hop-by-Hop (HbH) IOAM includes IOAM Option-Types IOAM Pre-
allocated Trace Option-Type, IOAM Incremental Trace Option-Type and
IOAM Proof of Transit (POT) Option-Type [I-D.ietf-ippm-ioam-data].
This section summarizes the procedure for data encapsulation and
decapsulation for Hop-by-hop IOAM in MPLS header.
o The encapsulating node inserts the IOAM Indicator Label or IOAM
Flow Indicator Label with Flow Label and one or more IOAM data
field(s) in the MPLS header. The procedure to generate the Flow
Label is outside the scope of this document.
o The intermediate and decapsulating node enabled with IOAM
functions "forwards and punts the timestamped copy" of the data
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packet including IOAM data fields when the node recognizes the
IOAM Indicator Label and IOAM Flow Indicator Label. The copy of
the data packet is punted to the slow path for OAM processing and
is not necessarily punted to the control-plane. The receive
timestamp is required by various hop-by-hop OAM use-cases.
o The intermediate and decapsulating node processes the IOAM data
field(s) using the procedures defined in
[I-D.ietf-ippm-ioam-data]. An example of IOAM processing may be
to export the data fields, send data fields via Telemetry, etc.
o The decapsulating node pops the Indicator Label and the IOAM data
fields from the MPLS header.
5.1. Hop-by-Hop IOAM Indicator Label Allocation
IOAM Indicator Label (value TBA3) and IOAM and Flow Indicator Label
(value TBA4) are used to indicate the presence of the HbH IOAM data
field in the MPLS header. The HbH IOAM Indicator Label and IOAM and
Flow Indicator Label can be allocated using one of the following
methods:
o Labels assigned by IANA with value TBA3 and TBA4 from the Extended
Special-Purpose MPLS Values [I-D.ietf-mpls-spl-terminology].
o Labels allocated by a Controller from the network-wide global
table. The Controller provisions the labels on all nodes
participating in IOAM functions along the data traffic path.
6. Considerations for ECMP
The encapsulating node needs to make sure the IOAM data field does
not start with a well known IP protocol value (e.g. 0x4 for IPv4 and
0x6 for IPv6) as it can alter the hashing function for ECMP that uses
the IP header. This can be achieved by using the IOAM and Flow
Indicator Label (value TBA2 and TBA4) that follows by protocol value
0010b. This approach is consistent with utilizing 0000b or 0001b as
the first nibble after the MPLS label stack, as described in
[RFC4928] [RFC4385].
Note that the hashing function for ECMP that uses the labels from the
MPLS header may now include the Indicator Label.
When entropy label [RFC6790] is used for hashing function for ECMP,
the procedure defined in this document does not alter the hashing
function.
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7. Node Capability
The decapsulating node that has to pop the Indicator Label, data
fields, and perform the IOAM function may not be capable of
supporting it. The encapsulating node needs to know if the
decapsulating node can support the IOAM function. The signaling
extension for this capability exchange is outside the scope of this
document.
The intermediate node that is not capable of supporting the IOAM
functions defined in this document, can simply skip the IOAM
processing of the MPLS header.
8. Data Packets with SR-MPLS Header
Segment Routing (SR) technology leverages the source routing paradigm
[RFC8660]. A node steers a packet through a controlled set of
instructions, called segments, by pre-pending the packet with an SR
header. In the SR with MPLS data plane (SR-MPLS), the SR header is
instantiated through a label stack.
An example of data packet carrying the SR-MPLS header with Path
Segment Identifier (PSID) [I-D.ietf-spring-mpls-path-segment] with
IOAM encapsulation is shown in Figure 3. The Path Segment Identifier
allows to identify the path associated with the data traffic being
monitored for IOAM on the decapsulating node.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Label(1) | TC |S| TTL |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
. .
. .
. .
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Label(n) | TC |S| TTL |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| PSID | TC |S| TTL |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Packet as shown in Figure 1 or Figure 2 |
. .
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 3: Data Packet with SR-MPLS Header
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9. Security Considerations
The security considerations of SR-MPLS are discussed in [RFC8660],
and the security considerations of IOAM in general are discussed in
[I-D.ietf-ippm-ioam-data].
IOAM is considered a "per domain" feature, where one or several
operators decide on leveraging and configuring IOAM according to
their needs. Still, operators need to properly secure the IOAM
domain to avoid malicious configuration and use, which could include
injecting malicious IOAM packets into a domain.
10. IANA Considerations
IANA maintains the "Special-Purpose Multiprotocol Label Switching
(MPLS) Label Values" registry (see <https://www.iana.org/assignments/
mpls-label-values/mpls-label-values.xml>). IANA is requested to
allocate IOAM Indicator Label value and IOAM and Flow Indicator value
from the "Extended Special-Purpose MPLS Label Values" registry:
+--------+-----------------------------------+---------------+
| Value | Description | Reference |
+--------+-----------------------------------+---------------+
| TBA1 | E2E IOAM Indicator Label | This document |
+--------+-----------------------------------+---------------+
| TBA2 | E2E IOAM and Flow Indicator Label | This document |
+--------+-----------------------------------+---------------+
| TBA3 | HbH IOAM Indicator Label | This document |
+--------+-----------------------------------+---------------+
| TBA4 | HbH IOAM and Flow Indicator Label | This document |
+--------+-----------------------------------+---------------+
11. References
11.1. Normative References
[I-D.ietf-ippm-ioam-data]
Brockners, F., Bhandari, S., and T. Mizrahi, "Data Fields
for In-situ OAM", draft-ietf-ippm-ioam-data-10 (work in
progress), July 2020.
[I-D.ietf-ippm-ioam-direct-export]
Song, H., Gafni, B., Zhou, T., Li, Z., Brockners, F.,
Bhandari, S., Sivakolundu, R., and T. Mizrahi, "In-situ
OAM Direct Exporting", draft-ietf-ippm-ioam-direct-
export-01 (work in progress), August 2020.
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[I-D.ietf-ippm-ioam-flags]
Mizrahi, T., Brockners, F., Bhandari, S., Sivakolundu, R.,
Pignataro, C., Kfir, A., Gafni, B., Spiegel, M., and J.
Lemon, "In-situ OAM Flags", draft-ietf-ippm-ioam-flags-02
(work in progress), July 2020.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
[RFC8660] Bashandy, A., Ed., Filsfils, C., Ed., Previdi, S.,
Decraene, B., Litkowski, S., and R. Shakir, "Segment
Routing with the MPLS Data Plane", RFC 8660,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8660, December 2019,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8660>.
[RFC8664] Sivabalan, S., Filsfils, C., Tantsura, J., Henderickx, W.,
and J. Hardwick, "Path Computation Element Communication
Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for Segment Routing", RFC 8664,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8664, December 2019,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8664>.
11.2. Informative References
[I-D.ietf-mpls-spl-terminology]
Andersson, L., Kompella, K., and A. Farrel, "Special
Purpose Label terminology", draft-ietf-mpls-spl-
terminology-03 (work in progress), August 2020.
[I-D.ietf-spring-mpls-path-segment]
Cheng, W., Li, H., Chen, M., Gandhi, R., and R. Zigler,
"Path Segment in MPLS Based Segment Routing Network",
draft-ietf-spring-mpls-path-segment-02 (work in progress),
February 2020.
[RFC4385] Bryant, S., Swallow, G., Martini, L., and D. McPherson,
"Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) Control Word for
Use over an MPLS PSN", RFC 4385, DOI 10.17487/RFC4385,
February 2006, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4385>.
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[RFC4928] Swallow, G., Bryant, S., and L. Andersson, "Avoiding Equal
Cost Multipath Treatment in MPLS Networks", BCP 128,
RFC 4928, DOI 10.17487/RFC4928, June 2007,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4928>.
[RFC6790] Kompella, K., Drake, J., Amante, S., Henderickx, W., and
L. Yong, "The Use of Entropy Labels in MPLS Forwarding",
RFC 6790, DOI 10.17487/RFC6790, November 2012,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6790>.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Patrick Khordoc, Shwetha Bhandari and
Vengada Prasad Govindan for the discussions on IOAM. The authors
would also like to thank Tarek Saad, Loa Andersson, Greg Mirsky, and
Cheng Li for providing many useful comments.
Contributors
Sagar Soni
Cisco Systems, Inc.
Email: sagsoni@cisco.com
Authors' Addresses
Rakesh Gandhi (editor)
Cisco Systems, Inc.
Canada
Email: rgandhi@cisco.com
Zafar Ali
Cisco Systems, Inc.
Email: zali@cisco.com
Clarence Filsfils
Cisco Systems, Inc.
Belgium
Email: cf@cisco.com
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Frank Brockners
Cisco Systems, Inc.
Hansaallee 249, 3rd Floor
DUESSELDORF, NORDRHEIN-WESTFALEN 40549
Germany
Email: fbrockne@cisco.com
Bin Wen
Comcast
Email: Bin_Wen@cable.comcast.com
Voitek Kozak
Comcast
Email: Voitek_Kozak@comcast.com
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