INTERNET-DRAFT D. Eastlake
Intended Status: Proposed Standard Futurewei Technologies
W. Hao
S. Zhuang
Z. Li
Huawei Technologies
R. Gu
China Mobil
Expires: May 3, 2020 November 4, 2019
BGP Dissemination of
Flow Specification Rules for Tunneled Traffic
draft-ietf-idr-flowspec-nvo3-07
Abstract
This draft specifies a Border Gateway Protocol Network Layer
Reachability Information (BGP NLRI) encoding format for flow
specifications (RFC 5575bis) that can match on a variety of tunneled
traffic. In addition, flow specification components are specified for
certain tunneling header fields.
Status of This Document
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Distribution of this document is unlimited. Comments should be sent
to the authors or the IDR Working Group mailing list <idr@ietf.org>.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that
other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-
Drafts.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
http://www.ietf.org/1id-abstracts.html. The list of Internet-Draft
Shadow Directories can be accessed at
http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.
D. Eastlake, et al [Page 1]
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction............................................3
1.1 Terminology............................................3
2. Tunneled Traffic Flow Specification NLRI................5
2.1 SAFI Code Point........................................6
2.2 Component Code Points..................................6
2.3 Specific Tunnel Types..................................8
2.3.1 VXLAN................................................8
2.3.2 VXLAN-GPE............................................8
2.3.3 NVGRE................................................9
2.3.4 L2TPv3...............................................9
2.3.5 GRE.................................................10
2.3.6 IP-in-IP............................................10
2.4 Tunneled Traffic Actions..............................11
3. Order of Traffic Filtering Rules.......................12
4. Flow Spec Validation...................................13
5. Security Considerations................................13
6. IANA Considerations....................................13
Normative References......................................14
Informative References....................................15
Acknowledgments...........................................16
Authors' Addresses........................................16
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1. Introduction
BGP Flow-spec [RFC5575bis] is an extension to BGP that supports the
dissemination of traffic flow specification rules. It uses the BGP
control plane to simplify the distribution of Access Control Lists
(ACLs) and allows new filter rules to be injected to all BGP peers
simultaneously without changing router configuration. A typical
application of BGP Flow-spec is to automate the distribution of
traffic filter lists to routers for Distributed Denial of Service
(DDOS) mitigation.
BGP Flow-spec defines a BGP Network Layer Reachability Information
(NLRI) format used to distribute traffic flow specification rules.
AFI=1/SAFI=133 is for IPv4 unicast filtering. AFI=1/SAFI=134 is for
IPv4 BGP/MPLS VPN filtering. [FlowSpecV6] and [Layer2- FlowSpec]
extend the flow-spec rules for IPv6 and layer 2 Ethernet packets
respectively. All these previous flow specifications match only a
single level of IP/Ethernet information fields such as
source/destination IP prefix, protocol type, source/destination MAC,
ports, EtherType and the like.
In the cloud computing era, multi-tenancy has become a core
requirement for data centers. It is increasingly common to see
tunneled traffic with a field to distinguish tenants. An example is
the Network Virtualization Over Layer 3 (NVO3 [RFC8014]) overlay
technology that can satisfy multi-tenancy key requirements. VXLAN
[RFC7348] and NVGRE [RFC7637] are two typical NVO3 encapsulations.
Other encapsulations such as IP-in-IP or GRE may be encountered.
Because these tunnel / overlay technologies involving an additional
level of encapsulation, flow specification that can match on the
inner header as well as the outer header are needed.
In summary, the Flow specifications should be able to include inner
nested header information as well as fields specific to the type of
tunneling in use such as virtual network / tenant ID. This draft
specifies methods for accomplishing this using SAFI=TBD1 and a new
NLRI encoding.
1.1 Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here.
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The reader is assumed to be familiar with BGP terminology. The
following terms and acronyms are used in this document with the
meaning indicated:
ACL - Access Control List
DDOS - Distributed Denial of Service (Attack)
DSCP - Differentiated Services Code Point
GRE - Generic Router Encapsulation [RFC2890]
L2TPv3 - Layer Two Tunneling Protocol - Version 3 [RFC3931]
NLRI - Network Layer Reachability Information
NVGRE - Network Virtualization Using Generic Routing Encapsulation
[RFC7637]
NVO3 - Network Virtual Overlay Layer 3 [RFC8014]
VN - virtual network
VXLAN - Virtual eXtensible Local Area Network [RFC7348]
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2. Tunneled Traffic Flow Specification NLRI
The Flow-spec rules in [RFC5575bis], [FlowSpecV6], and [FlowSpecL2]
can only recognize flows based on one level of header in a data
packet. To enable flow specification of tunneled traffic, a new SAFI
(TBD1) and NLRI encoding are introduced. This encoding, shown in
Figure 1, enables flow specification of more than one layer of header
when needed.
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
| Length 2 bytes |
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
| Tunnel Type 2 bytes |
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
Flags:
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
| D| I| Reserved | 1 byte
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
Optional Routing Discriminator:
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
| |
+ +
| |
+ Routing Discriminator 8 bytes +
| |
+ +
| |
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
Outer Flow-spec:
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
| Outer Flowspec Length : 1 or 2 bytes
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
| Outer Flowspec variable :
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
Optional Inner Flow-spec:
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
| Inner AFI 2 bytes |
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
| Inner Flowspec Length : 1 or 2 bytes
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
| Inner Flowspec variable :
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
Figure 1. Tunneled Traffic Flow-spec NLRI
Length - The NLRI Length encoded as an unsigned integer including the
Tunnel Type.
Tunnel Type - The type of tunnel using a value from the IANA BGP
Tunnel Encapsulation Attribute Tunnel Types registry.
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Flags: D bit - Indicates the presence of the Routing Discriminator
(see below).
Flags: I bit - Indicates the presence of an inner AFI and Flow-spec.
Flags: Reserved - Six bits that MUST be sent as zero and ignored on
receipt.
Routing Discriminator - If the outer layer 3 address belongs to a
BGP/MPLS VPN, the routing discriminator can be included to
support traffic filtering within that VPN. Because NVO3 outer
layer addresses normally belong to a public network, a Route
Distinguisher field is normally not needed for NVO3.
Outer Flowspec / Length - The flow specification for the outer
header. The length is encoded as provided in Section 4.1 of
[RFC5575bis]. The AFI for the outer flowspec is that AFI at the
beginning of the BGP multiprotocol MP_REACH_NLRI or
MP_UNREACH_NLRI containing the tunneled traffic flow
specification NLRI.
Inner AFI - Depending on the Tunnel Type, there may be an inner AFI
that indicates the address family for the inner flow
specification. There is no need for a SAFI as it is
automatically TBD1, the SAFI for a tunneled traffic flow
specification.
Inner Flowspec / Length - Depending on the Tunnel Type, there may be
an inner flow specification for the header level encapsulated
within the outer header. The length is encoded as provided in
Section 4.1 of [RFC5575bis].
2.1 SAFI Code Point
Use of the tunneled traffic flow specification NLRI format is
indicated by SAFI=TBD1. This is used in conjunction with the AFI for
the outer layer 3 header, that is AFI=1 for IPv4 and AFI=2 for IPv6.
2.2 Component Code Points
For flow specification based on certain tunnel header fields, the
component types below are added. These are associated with the Tunnel
Type and MAY appear in the outer flow specification or, if it is
present, in the inner flow specification.
D. Eastlake, et al [Page 6]
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Type TBD2 - VN ID
Encoding: <type (1 octet), length (1 octet), [op, value]+>.
Defines a list of {operation, value} pairs used to match the
24-bit VN ID that is used as the tenant identification in some
tunneling headers. For VXLAN encapsulation, the VN ID is the
VNI. For NVGRE encapsulation, the VN ID is the VSID. op is
encoded as specified in Section 4.2.3 of [RFC5575bis]. Values
are encoded as 1- to 3-byte quantities.
Type TBD3 - Flow ID
Encoding: <type (1 octet), length (1 octet), [op, value]+>
Defines a list of {operation, value} pairs used to match 8-bit
Flow ID fields which are currently only useful for NVGRE
encapsulation. op is encoded as specified in Section 4.2.3 of
[RFC5575bis]. Values are encoded as 1-byte quantity.
Type TBD4 - Session
Encoding: <type (1 octet), length (1 octet), [op, value]+>
Defines a list of {operation, value} pairs used to match a
32-bit Session field. This field is called Key in GRE [RFC2890]
encapsulation and Session ID in L2TPv3 encapsulation. op is
encoded as specified in Section 4.2.3 of [RFC5575bis]. Values
are encoded as a 1, 2, or 4 byte quantity.
Type TBD5 - Cookie
Encoding: <type (1 octet), length (1 octet), [op, value]+>
Defines a list of {operation, value} pairs used to match a
variable length Cookie field. This is only useful in L2TPv3
encapsulation. op is encoded as specified in Section 4.2.3 of
[RFC5575bis]. Values are encoded as a 1, 2, 4, or 8 byte
quantity. If the Cookie does not fit exactly into the value
length, it is left justified, that is, padded with following
bytes the MUST be sent as zero and ignored on receipt.
Type TBD6 - VXLAN-GPE Flags
Encoding: <type (1 octet), length (1 octet), [op, bitmask]+>
Defines a list of {operation, value} pairs used to match
against the VSLAN-GPE flags field. op is encoded as in Section
4.2.9 of [RFC5575bis]. bitmask is encoded as 1 byte.
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2.3 Specific Tunnel Types
The following subsections describe how to handle flow specification
for several specific tunnel types.
2.3.1 VXLAN
The headers on a VXLAN [RFC7348] data packet are an outer Ethernet
header, an outer IP header, a UDP header, the VXLAN header, and an
inner Ethernet header. This inner Ethernet header is frequently, but
not always, followed by an inner IP header. If the tunnel type is
VXLAN, the I flag MUST be set.
The version (IPv4 or IPv6) of the outer IP header is indicated by the
AFI at the beginning of the multiprotocol MP_REACH_NLRI or
MP_UNREACH_NLRI containing the tunneled traffic flow specification
NLRI. The outer flowspec is used to filter the outer headers and the
UDP header.
The inner flowspec is used on the Inner Ethernet header [FlowSpecL2].
If the inner AFI is 25, then whether or not an IP header follows the
inner Ethernet header is ignored and the inner flowspec SHOULD NOT
contain and IPv4 or IPv6 flowspec components. If the inner AFI is 1
or 2, to match the flowspec the Inner Ethernet header must be
followed by an IPv4 or IPv6 header, respectively, and the inner
flowspec is also used to filter that inner IP header.
A component filtering on the VXLAN header VN ID (VNI) can appear in
either the outer or inner flowspec. The inner MAC/IP address is
associated with a VN ID. In the NVO3 terminating into a VPN scenario,
if multiple access VN IDs map to one VPN instance, one shared VN ID
can be carried in the Flow-Spec rule to enforce the rule on the
entire VPN instance and the shared VN ID and VPN correspondence
should be configured on each VPN PE beforehand. In this case, the
function of the layer 3 VN ID is the same as a Route Discriminator:
it acts as the identification of the VPN instance.
2.3.2 VXLAN-GPE
VXLAN-GPE [GPE] is similar to VXLAN and the VXLAN-GPE header is the
same size as the VXLAN header but has been extended from the VXLAN
header by specifying a number of bits that are reserved in the VXLAN
header. In particular, a number of additional flag bits are specified
and a Next Protocol field is added that is valid if the P flag bit is
set. These flags bits can be tested using the VXLAN-GPE Flags
component defined above. VXLAN and VXLAN-GPE are distinguished by the
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port number in the UDP header the precedes the VXLAN or VXLAN-GPE
headers.
If the VXLAN-GPE header P flag is zero, then the header is followed
by the same sequence as for VXLAN and the same flow-spec choices
apply (see Section 2.3.1).
If the VXLAN-GPE header P flag is one and that header's next protocol
field is 1, then the VXLAN-GPE header is followed by an IPv4 header.
The inner AFI/flowspec match only if the inner AFI is 1 and the inner
flowspec matches.
If the VXLAN-GPE header P flag is one and that header's next protocol
field is 2, then the VXLAN-GPE header is followed by an IPv6 header.
The inner AFI/flowspec match only if the inner AFI is 2 and the inner
flowspec matches.
2.3.3 NVGRE
NVGRE [RFC7637] is very similar to VXLAN except that the UDP header
and VXLAN header immediately after the outer IP header are replaced
by a GRE (Generic Router Encapsulation) header. The GRE header as
used in NVGRE has no Checksum or Reserved1 field as shown in
[RFC2890] but there are Virtual Subnet ID and FlowID fields in place
of what is labeled in [RFC2890] as the Key field. Processing and
restrictions for NVGRE are as in Section 2.3.1 eliminating references
to a UDP header and replacing references to the VXLAN header and its
VN ID with references to the GRE header and its VN ID (VSID) and Flow
ID.
2.3.4 L2TPv3
The headers on an L2TPv3 [RFC3931] packets are an outer Ethernet
header, an outer IP header, the L2TPv3 header, an inner Ethernet
header, and possibly an inner IP header if indicated by the inner
Ethernet header EtherType. The outer flowspec operates on the outer
headers that precede the GRE header. The version of IP is specified
by the outer AFI at the beginning of the MP_REACH_NLRI or
MP_UNREACH_NLRI.
The L2TPv3 header consists of a 32-bit Session ID followed by a
variable length Cookie (maximum length 8 bytes). The Session ID and
Cookie can be filtered for by using the Session and Cookie flowspec
components. To filter on Cookie or even be able to bypass Cookie and
parse the remainder of the L2TPv3 packet, the node implementing
flowspec needs to know the length and/or value of the Cookie fields
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of interest. This is negotiated at L2TPv3 session establishment and
it is out of scope for this document how the node would learn this
information. Of course, if flowspec is being used for DDOS mitigation
and the Cookie has a fixed length and/or value in the DDOS traffic,
this could be learned by inspecting that traffic.
If the I flag bit is zero, then no filtering is done on data beyond
the L2TPv3 header. If the I flag is one, indicating the presence of
an inner flowspec, and the node implementing flowspec does not know
the length of the L2TPv3 header Cookie, the match fails. If that node
does know the length of that Cookie, the inner flowspec if matched
against the headers at the beginning of that data using the inner
AFI. If the inner AFI is 1 or 2, then an inner IP header is required
and filtering can be done on the Ethernet header immediately after
the L2TPv3 header and the following IPv4 or IPv6 headers
respectively. If the inner AFI is 25, filtering SHOULD only be done
on the inner Ethernet header [FlowSpecL2].
2.3.5 GRE
Generic Router Encapsulation (GRE [RFC2890]) is a common type of
encapsulation. The outer flowspec operates on the outer headers that
precede the GRE header. The version of IP is specified by the outer
AFI at the beginning of the MP_REACH_NLRI or MP_UNREACH_NLRI.
If the I flag bit is zero, no filtering is done on data after the GRE
header. If the I flag bit is one, then there is an inner AFI and
flowspec and the Protocol Type field of the GRE header must match the
inner AFI as follows for the flowspec to match:
GRE Protocol Type Inner AFI
------------------- -----------
0x0800 (IPv4) 1
0x86DD (IPv6) 2
0x6558 25
With the I flag a one and the inner AFI and GRE Protocol Type fields
match, the inner flowspec is used to filter the inner Ethernet header
(AFI=25) or the inner IP and Ethernet headers (AFI=1 or 2).
2.3.6 IP-in-IP
IP-in-IP encapsulation is shown when the outer IP header indicates an
inner IP IPv4 or IPv6 header by the value of the outer IP header's
Protocol (IPv4) or Next Protocol (IPv6) field. If the Tunnel Type is
IP-in-IP, the I flag MUST be set.
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The version of the outer IP header (IPv4 or IPv6) matched is
indicated by the AFI at the beginning of the MP_REACH_NLRI or
MP_UNREACH_NLRI. The version of the inner IP header is indicated by
the inner AFI. The outer flowspec applies to the outer IP header and
the inner flowspec applies to the inner IP header.
2.4 Tunneled Traffic Actions
The previously specified traffic filtering actions are used for
tunneled traffic [RFC5575bis] [FlowSpecL2]. For Traffic Marking in
NVO3, only the DSCP in the outer header can be modified.
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3. Order of Traffic Filtering Rules
In comparing an applicable tunneled traffic flow specification with a
non-tunneled flow specification, the tunneled specification has
precedence.
If comparing two tunneled traffic flow specifications, if both are
applicable, the tunnel types will be the same. If only one has a
Routing Discriminator, it has precedence. If both have a Routing
Discriminator, those discriminators are compared as unsigned integers
and the one with the smaller magnitude Routing Discriminator has
precedence.
If neither has a Routing Discriminator or they have equal Routing
Discriminators, the order of precedence is determined by comparing
the outer flowspec.
If the outer flowspecs are equal and the tunnel type calls for an
inner flowspec, then the precedence is determined by comparing inner
AFI as an unsigned integer with the inner AFI having the smaller
magnitude having precedence.
If the inner AFIs are equal, precedence is determined by comparing
the inner flow specifications.
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4. Flow Spec Validation
Flow-specs received over AFI=1/SAFI=TBD1 or AFI=2/SFAI=TBD1 are
validated, using only the outer Flow-spec, against routing
reachability received over AFI=1/SAFI=133 and AFI=2/SAFI=133
respectively, as modified by [FlowSpecOID].
5. Security Considerations
No new security issues are introduced to the BGP protocol by this
specification.
6. IANA Considerations
IANA is requested to assign a new SAFI as follows:
Value Description Reference
----- ------------------------------------------ ---------------
TBD1 Tunneled traffic flow specification rules [This document]
IANA is requested to assign two new values in the "Flow Spec
Component Types" registry as follows:
Type Name Reference
---- -------------- ---------
TBD2 VN ID [this document]
TBD3 Flow ID [this document]
TBD4 Session [this document]
TBD5 Cookie [this document]
TBD6 VXLAN-GPE Flags [this document]
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Normative References
[RFC2119] - Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119,
March 1997, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC2890] - Dommety, G., "Key and Sequence Number Extensions to GRE",
RFC 2890, DOI 10.17487/RFC2890, September 2000,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2890>.
[RFC3931] - Lau, J., Ed., Townsley, M., Ed., and I. Goyret, Ed.,
"Layer Two Tunneling Protocol - Version 3 (L2TPv3)", RFC 3931,
DOI 10.17487/RFC3931, March 2005, <https://www.rfc-
editor.org/info/rfc3931>.
[RFC7348] - Mahalingam, M., Dutt, D., Duda, K., Agarwal, P., Kreeger,
L., Sridhar, T., Bursell, M., and C. Wright, "Virtual
eXtensible Local Area Network (VXLAN): A Framework for
Overlaying Virtualized Layer 2 Networks over Layer 3 Networks",
RFC 7348, DOI 10.17487/RFC7348, August 2014, <https://www.rfc-
editor.org/info/rfc7348>.
[RFC7637] - Garg, P., Ed., and Y. Wang, Ed., "NVGRE: Network
Virtualization Using Generic Routing Encapsulation", RFC 7637,
DOI 10.17487/RFC7637, September 2015, <https://www.rfc-
editor.org/info/rfc7637>.
[RFC8174] - Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, May
2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
[FlowSpecL2] - W. Hao, etc, "Dissemination of Flow Specification
Rules for L2 VPN", draft-ietf-idr-flowspec-l2vpn, work in
progress.
[FlowSpecOID] - J. Uttaro, J. Alcaide, C. Filsfils, D. Smith, P.
Mohapatra, "Revised Validation Procedure for BGP Flow
Specifications", draft-ietf-idr-bgp-flowspec-oid, work in
progress.
[FlowSpecV6] - R. Raszuk, etc, "Dissemination of Flow Specification
Rules for IPv6", draft-ietf-idr-flow-spec-v6, work in progress.
[RFC5575bis] - Hares, S., Loibl, C., Raszuk, R., McPherson, D.,
Bacher, M., "Dissemination of Flow Specification Rules", draft-
ietf-idr-rfc5575bis-17, Work in progress, January 2019.
D. Eastlake, et al [Page 14]
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Informative References
[RFC8014] - Black, D., Hudson, J., Kreeger, L., Lasserre, M., and T.
Narten, "An Architecture for Data-Center Network Virtualization
over Layer 3 (NVO3)", RFC 8014, DOI 10.17487/RFC8014, December
2016, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8014>.
[GPE] - P. Quinn, etc, "Generic Protocol Extension for VXLAN", draft-
ietf-nvo3-vxlan-gpe, work in progress.
D. Eastlake, et al [Page 15]
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Acknowledgments
The authors wish to acknowledge the important contributions of Jeff
Haas, Susan Hares, Qiandeng Liang, Nan Wu, Yizhou Li, Robert Raszuk,
and Lucy Yong.
Authors' Addresses
Donald Eastlake
Futurewei Technologies
2386 Panoramic Circle
Apopka, FL 32703 USA
Tel: +1-508-333-2270
Email: d3e3e3@gmail.com
Weiguo Hao
Huawei Technologies
101 Software Avenue,
Nanjing 210012 China
Email: haoweiguo@huawei.com
Shunwan Zhuang
Huawei Technologies
Huawei Bld., No.156 Beiqing Rd.
Beijing 100095 China
Email: zhuangshunwan@huawei.com
Zhenbin Li
Huawei Technologies
Huawei Bld., No.156 Beiqing Rd.
Beijing 100095 China
Email: lizhenbin@huawei.com
Rong Gu
China Mobile
Email: gurong_cmcc@outlook.com
D. Eastlake, et al [Page 16]
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Copyright, Disclaimer, and Additional IPR Provisions
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document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
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described in the Simplified BSD License.
D. Eastlake, et al [Page 17]
