Network File System Version 4 C. Lever
Internet-Draft Oracle
Intended status: Informational June 13, 2019
Expires: December 15, 2019
RDMA Connection Manager Private Data For RPC-Over-RDMA Version 1
draft-ietf-nfsv4-rpcrdma-cm-pvt-data-04
Abstract
This document specifies the format of RDMA-CM Private Data exchanged
between RPC-over-RDMA version 1 peers as part of establishing a
connection. Such private data is used to indicate peer support for
remote invalidation and larger-than-default inline thresholds. The
addition of the private data payload specified in this document is an
OPTIONAL extension. The RPC-over-RDMA version 1 protocol does not
require the payload to be present.
Status of This Memo
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provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Advertised Transport Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.1. Inline Threshold Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.2. Remote Invalidation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4. Private Data Message Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.1. Interoperability Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5. Updating the Message Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.1. Feature Support Flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.2. Inline Threshold Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1. Introduction
The RPC-over-RDMA version 1 transport protocol [RFC8166] enables
payload data transfer using Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) for
upper layer protocols based on Remote Procedure Calls (RPC)
[RFC5531]. The terms "Remote Direct Memory Access" (RDMA) and
"Direct Data Placement" (DDP) are introduced in [RFC5040].
The two most immediate shortcomings of RPC-over-RDMA version 1 are:
o Setting up an RDMA data transfer (via RDMA Read or Write) can be
costly. The small default size of messages transmitted using RDMA
Send forces the use of RDMA Read or Write operations even for
relatively small messages and data payloads.
The original specification of RPC-over-RDMA version 1 provided an
out-of-band protocol for passing inline threshold values between
connected peers [RFC5666]. However, [RFC8166] eliminated support
for this protocol making it unavailable for this purpose.
o Unlike most other contemporary RDMA-enabled storage protocols,
there is no facility in RPC-over-RDMA version 1 that enables the
use of remote invalidation [RFC5042].
RPC-over-RDMA version 1 has no means of extending its XDR definition
in such a way that interoperability with existing implementations is
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preserved. As a result, an out-of-band mechanism is needed to help
relieve these constraints for existing RPC-over-RDMA version 1
implementations.
This document specifies a simple, non-XDR-based message format
designed to be passed between RPC-over-RDMA version 1 peers at the
time each RDMA transport connection is first established. The
purpose of such a message exchange is to enable the connecting peers
to indicate support for transport properties that are not defined in
the base RPC-over-RDMA version 1 protocol defined in [RFC8166].
The message format is intended to be further extensible within the
normal scope of such IETF work (see Section 5 for further details).
Section 6 of the current document defines an IANA registry for this
purpose. In addition, interoperation between implementations of RPC-
over-RDMA version 1 that present this message format to peers and
those that do not recognize this message format is guaranteed.
2. Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here.
3. Advertised Transport Properties
3.1. Inline Threshold Size
Section 3.3.2 of [RFC8166] defines the term "inline threshold." An
inline threshold is the maximum number of bytes that can be
transmitted using one RDMA Send and one RDMA Receive. There are a
pair of inline thresholds for a connection: a client-to-server
threshold and a server-to-client threshold.
If an incoming message exceeds the size of a receiver's inline
threshold, the receive operation fails and the connection is
typically terminated. To convey a message larger than a receiver's
inline threshold, an NFS client uses explicit RDMA data transfer
operations, which are more expensive to use than RDMA Send.
The default value of inline thresholds for RPC-over-RDMA version 1
connections is 1024 bytes (see Section 3.3.3 of [RFC8166]). This
value is adequate for nearly all NFS version 3 procedures.
NFS version 4 COMPOUND operations [RFC7530] are larger on average
than NFS version 3 procedures [RFC1813], forcing clients to use
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explicit RDMA operations for frequently-issued requests such as
LOOKUP and GETATTR. The use of RPCSEC_GSS security also increases
the average size of RPC messages, due to the larger size of
RPCSEC_GSS credential material included in RPC headers [RFC7861].
If a sender and receiver could somehow agree on larger inline
thresholds, frequently-used RPC transactions avoid the cost of
explicit RDMA operations.
3.2. Remote Invalidation
After an RDMA data transfer operation completes, an RDMA consumer can
use remote invalidation to request that the remote peer RNIC
invalidate an STag associated with the data transfer [RFC5042].
An RDMA consumer requests remote invalidation by posting an RDMA Send
With Invalidate Work Request in place of an RDMA Send Work Request.
Each RDMA Send With Invalidate carries one STag to invalidate. The
receiver of an RDMA Send With Invalidate performs the requested
invalidation and then reports that invalidation as part of the
completion of a waiting Receive Work Request.
If both peers support remote invalidation, an RPC-over-RDMA responder
might use remote invalidation when replying to an RPC request that
provided chunks. Because one of the chunks has already been
invalidated, finalizing the results of the RPC is made simpler and
faster.
However, there are some important caveats which contraindicate the
blanket use of remote invalidation:
o Remote invalidation is not supported by all RNICs.
o Not all RPC-over-RDMA responder implementations can generate RDMA
Send With Invalidate Work Requests.
o Not all RPC-over-RDMA requester implementations can recognize when
remote invalidation has occurred.
o On one connection in different RPC-over-RDMA transactions, or in a
single RPC-over-RDMA transaction, an RPC-over-RDMA requester can
expose a mixture of STags that may be invalidated remotely and
some that must not be. No indication is provided at the RDMA
layer as to which is which.
A responder therefore must not employ remote invalidation unless it
is aware of support for it in its own RDMA stack, and on the
requester. And, without altering the XDR structure of RPC-over-RDMA
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version 1 messages, it is not possible to support remote invalidation
with requesters that mix STags that may and must not be invalidated
remotely in a single RPC or on the same connection.
There are some NFS/RDMA client implementations whose STags are always
safe to invalidate remotely. For such clients, indicating to the
responder that remote invalidation is always safe can allow such
invalidation without the need for additional protocol to be defined.
4. Private Data Message Format
With an InfiniBand lower layer, for example, RDMA connection setup
uses a Connection Manager when establishing a Reliable Connection
[IBARCH]. When an RPC-over-RDMA version 1 transport connection is
established, the client (which actively establishes connections) and
the server (which passively accepts connections) populate the CM
Private Data field exchanged as part of CM connection establishment.
The transport properties exchanged via this mechanism are fixed for
the life of the connection. Each new connection presents an
opportunity for a fresh exchange. An implementation of the extension
described in this document MUST be prepared for the settings to
change upon a reconnection.
For RPC-over-RDMA version 1, the CM Private Data field is formatted
as described in the following subsection. RPC clients and servers
use the same format. If the capacity of the Private Data field is
too small to contain this message format, the underlying RDMA
transport is not managed by a Connection Manager, or the underlying
RDMA transport uses Private Data for its own purposes, the CM Private
Data field cannot be used on behalf of RPC-over-RDMA version 1.
The first 8 octets of the CM Private Data field is to be formatted as
follows:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Format Identifier |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Version | Flags | Send Size | Receive Size |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Format Identifier: This field contains a fixed 32-bit value that
identifies the content of the Private Data field as an RPC-over-
RDMA version 1 CM Private Data message. The value of this field
is always 0xf6ab0e18, in network byte order. The use of this
field is further expanded upon in Section 4.1.
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Version: This 8-bit field contains a message format version number.
The value "1" in this field indicates that exactly eight octets
are present, that they appear in the order described in this
section, and that each has the meaning defined in this section.
Further considerations about the use of this field are discussed
in Section 5.
Flags: This 8-bit field contains bit flags that indicate the support
status of optional features, such as remote invalidation. The
meaning of these flags is defined in Section 5.1.
Send Size: This 8-bit field contains an encoded value corresponding
to the maximum number of bytes this peer is prepared to transmit
in a single RDMA Send on this connection. The value is encoded as
described in Section 5.2.
Receive Size: This 8-bit field contains an encoded value
corresponding to the maximum number of bytes this peer is prepared
to receive with a single RDMA Receive on this connection. The
value is encoded as described in Section 5.2.
4.1. Interoperability Considerations
The extension described in this document is designed to allow RPC-
over-RDMA version implementations that use this extension to
interoperate fully with RPC-over-RDMA version 1 implementations that
do not exchange this information. Realizing this goal requires that
implementations of this extension follow the practices described in
the rest of this section.
RPC-over-RDMA version 1 implementations that support the extension
described in this document are intended to interoperate fully with
RPC-over-RDMA version 1 implementations that do not recognize the
exchange of CM Private Data. When a peer does not receive a CM
Private Data message which conforms to Section 4, it needs to act as
if the remote peer supports only the default RPC-over-RDMA version 1
settings, as defined in [RFC8166]. In other words, the peer is to
behave as if a Private Data message was received in which bit 8 of
the Flags field is zero, and both Size fields contain the value zero.
The Format Identifier field is provided in order to distinguish RPC-
over-RDMA version 1 Private Data from private data inserted by layers
below or above RPC-over RDMA version 1. During connection
establishment, RPC-over-RDMA version 1 implementations check for this
protocol number before decoding subsequent fields. If this protocol
number is not present as the first 4 octets, an RPC-over-RDMA
receiver needs to ignore the CM-Private Data (ie., behave as if no
RPC-over-RDMA version 1 Private Data has been provided).
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5. Updating the Message Format
Although the message format described in this document provides the
ability for the client and server to exchange particular information
about the local RPC-over-RDMA implementation, it is possible that
there will be a future need to exchange additional properties. This
would make it necessary to extend or otherwise modify the format
described in this document.
Any modification faces the problem of interoperating properly with
implementations of RPC-over-RDMA version 1 that are unaware of this
existence of the new format. These include implementations that that
do not recognize the exchange of CM Private Data as well as those
that recognize only the format described in this document.
Given the message format described in this document, these
interoperability constraints could be met by the following sorts of
new message formats:
o A format which uses a different value for the first four bytes of
the format, as provided for in the registry described in
Section 6.
o A format which uses the same value for the Format Identifier field
and a value other than one (1) in the Version field.
Although it is possible to reorganize the last three of the eight
bytes in the existing format, extended formats are unlikely to do so.
New formats would take the form of extensions of the format described
in this document with added fields starting at byte eight of the
format and changes to the definition of previously reserved flags.
5.1. Feature Support Flags
The bits in the Flags field are labeled from bit 8 to bit 15, as
shown in the diagram above. When the Version field contains the
value "1", the bits in the Flags field are to be set as follows:
Bit 15: When both connection peers have set this flag in their CM
Private Data, the responder MAY use RDMA Send With Invalidate when
transmitting RPC Replies. Each RDMA Send With Invalidate MUST
invalidate an STag associated only with the XID in the rdma_xid
field of the RPC-over-RDMA Transport Header it carries.
When either peer on a connection clears this flag, the responder
MUST use only RDMA Send when transmitting RPC Replies.
Bits 14 - 8: These bits are reserved and are always zero.
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5.2. Inline Threshold Values
Inline threshold sizes from 1KB to 256KB can be represented in the
Send Size and Receive Size fields. A sender computes the encoded
value by dividing the actual value by 1024 and subtracting one from
the result. A receiver decodes this value by performing a
complementary set of operations.
The client uses the smaller of its own send size and the server's
reported receive size as the client-to-server inline threshold. The
server uses the smaller of its own send size and the clients's
reported receive size as the server-to-client inline threshold.
6. IANA Considerations
In accordance with [RFC8126], the author requests that IANA create a
new registry in the "Remote Direct Data Placement" Protocol Category
Group. The new registry is to be called the "RDMA-CM Private Data
Identifier Registry". This is a registry of 32-bit numbers that
identify the Upper Layer protocol associated with data that appears
in the RDMA-CM Private Data area.
The information that must be provided to add an entry to this
registry will be an IESG-approved Standards Track specification
defining the semantics and interoperability requirements of the
proposed new value and the fields to be recorded in the registry.
The fields in this registry include: Field Identifier, Format
Description, and Reference.
The initial contents of this registry are a single entry:
+-----------------+-------------------------------------+-----------+
| Field | Format Description | Reference |
| Identifier | | |
+-----------------+-------------------------------------+-----------+
| 0xf6ab0e18 | RPC-over-RDMA version 1 CM Private | [RFC-TBD] |
| | Data | |
+-----------------+-------------------------------------+-----------+
Table 1: RDMA-CM Private Data Identifier Registry
The Expert Review policy, as defined in Section 4.5 of [RFC8126] is
to be used to handle requests to add new entries to the "File
Provenance Information Registry". New protocol numbers can be
assigned at random as long as they do not conflict with existing
entries in this registry.
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7. Security Considerations
The private data extension specified in this document inherits the
security considerations of the protocols it extends; e.g., the MPA
protocol, as specified in [RFC5044] and extended in [RFC6581].
Additional relevant analysis of RDMA security appears in the Security
Considerations section of [RFC5042].
8. References
8.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC5040] Recio, R., Metzler, B., Culley, P., Hilland, J., and D.
Garcia, "A Remote Direct Memory Access Protocol
Specification", RFC 5040, DOI 10.17487/RFC5040, October
2007, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5040>.
[RFC5042] Pinkerton, J. and E. Deleganes, "Direct Data Placement
Protocol (DDP) / Remote Direct Memory Access Protocol
(RDMAP) Security", RFC 5042, DOI 10.17487/RFC5042, October
2007, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5042>.
[RFC8126] Cotton, M., Leiba, B., and T. Narten, "Guidelines for
Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26,
RFC 8126, DOI 10.17487/RFC8126, June 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8126>.
[RFC8166] Lever, C., Ed., Simpson, W., and T. Talpey, "Remote Direct
Memory Access Transport for Remote Procedure Call Version
1", RFC 8166, DOI 10.17487/RFC8166, June 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8166>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
8.2. Informative References
[IBARCH] InfiniBand Trade Association, "InfiniBand Architecture
Specification Volume 1", Release 1.3, March 2015,
<http://www.infinibandta.org/content/
pages.php?pg=technology_download>.
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[RFC1813] Callaghan, B., Pawlowski, B., and P. Staubach, "NFS
Version 3 Protocol Specification", RFC 1813,
DOI 10.17487/RFC1813, June 1995,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc1813>.
[RFC5044] Culley, P., Elzur, U., Recio, R., Bailey, S., and J.
Carrier, "Marker PDU Aligned Framing for TCP
Specification", RFC 5044, DOI 10.17487/RFC5044, October
2007, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5044>.
[RFC5531] Thurlow, R., "RPC: Remote Procedure Call Protocol
Specification Version 2", RFC 5531, DOI 10.17487/RFC5531,
May 2009, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5531>.
[RFC5666] Talpey, T. and B. Callaghan, "Remote Direct Memory Access
Transport for Remote Procedure Call", RFC 5666,
DOI 10.17487/RFC5666, January 2010,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5666>.
[RFC6581] Kanevsky, A., Ed., Bestler, C., Ed., Sharp, R., and S.
Wise, "Enhanced Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA)
Connection Establishment", RFC 6581, DOI 10.17487/RFC6581,
April 2012, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6581>.
[RFC7530] Haynes, T., Ed. and D. Noveck, Ed., "Network File System
(NFS) Version 4 Protocol", RFC 7530, DOI 10.17487/RFC7530,
March 2015, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7530>.
[RFC7861] Adamson, A. and N. Williams, "Remote Procedure Call (RPC)
Security Version 3", RFC 7861, DOI 10.17487/RFC7861,
November 2016, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7861>.
Acknowledgments
Thanks to Christoph Hellwig and Devesh Sharma for suggesting this
approach, and to Tom Talpey and Dave Noveck for their expert comments
and review. The author also wishes to thank Bill Baker and Greg
Marsden for their support of this work.
Special thanks go to Transport Area Director Magnus Westerlund, NFSV4
Working Group Chairs Spencer Shepler and Brian Pawlowski, and NFSV4
Working Group Secretary Thomas Haynes.
Author's Address
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Charles Lever
Oracle Corporation
United States of America
Email: chuck.lever@oracle.com
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