NGTRANS Working Group                                       F. Templin
INTERNET-DRAFT                                       SRI International
                                                            T. Gleeson
                                                    Cisco Systems K.K.
                                                             M. Talwar
                                                             D. Thaler
                                                 Microsoft Corporation

Expires 30 July 2002                                   30 January 2002

        Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol (ISATAP)

                    draft-ietf-ngtrans-isatap-03.txt

Abstract

   This document specifies the Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing
   Protocol (ISATAP) that connects IPv6 hosts and routers (nodes) within
   IPv4 sites. ISATAP is a transition mechanism that enables incremental
   deployment of IPv6 by treating the site's IPv4 infrastructure as a
   Non-Broadcast Multiple Access (NBMA) link layer. ISATAP mechanisms
   use a new IPv6 interface identifier format that embeds an IPv4
   address - this enables automatic IPv6-in-IPv4 tunneling within a
   site, whether the site uses globally assigned or private IPv4
   addresses. The new interface identifier format can be used with both
   local and global unicast IPv6 prefixes - this enables IPv6 routing
   both locally and globally. ISATAP mechanisms introduce no impact on
   routing table size and require no special IPv4 services (e.g., IPv4
   multicast).

Status of this Memo

   This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with
   all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that
   other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-
   Drafts.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet- Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt




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   The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.



   Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2001).  All Rights Reserved.


1.  Introduction

   This document presents a simple, scalable approach that enables
   incremental deployment of IPv6 within IPv4-based sites in a manner
   that is compatible with inter-domain transition mechanisms, e.g.,
   [6TO4]. We refer to this approach as the Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel
   Addressing Protocol, or ISATAP (pronounced: "ice-a-tap"). ISATAP
   allows dual-stack nodes that do not share a common link with an IPv6
   router to automatically tunnel packets to the IPv6 next-hop address
   through IPv4, i.e., the site's IPv4 infrastructure is treated as an
   NBMA link layer.

   This document specifies details for the transmission of IPv6 packets
   over ISATAP links (i.e., automatic IPv6-in-IPv4 tunneling), including
   a new EUI-64 [EUI64] based interface identifier [ADDR][AGGR] format
   that embeds an IPv4 address. This format supports configuration of
   global, site-local and link-local addresses as specified in [AUTO] as
   well as simple link-layer address mapping. Simple validity checks for
   received packets are given. Also specified in this document is the
   operation of IPv6 Neighbor Discovery for ISATAP, as permitted for
   NBMA links by [DISC]. The document finally presents deployment and
   security considerations for ISATAP.


2.  Applicability Statement

   ISATAP provides the following features:

     - treats site's IPv4 infrastructure as an NBMA link layer using
       automatic IPv6-in-IPv4 tunneling (i.e., no configured tunnel state)

     - enables incremental deployment of IPv6 hosts within IPv4 sites with
       no aggregation scaling issues at border gateways

     - requires no special IPv4 services within the site (e.g., multicast)

     - supports both stateless address autoconfiguration and manual
       configuration



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     - supports networks that use non-globally unique IPv4 addresses (e.g.,
       when private address allocations [PRIVATE] are used), but does not
       allow the virtual ISATAP link to span a Network Address
       Translator [NAT]

     - compatible with other NGTRANS mechanisms (e.g., [6TO4])


3.  Terminology

   The terminology of [IPv6] applies to this document. The following
   additional terms are defined:

   link:
     same definition as [AUTO][DISC].

   underlying link:
     a link layer that supports IPv4 (for ISATAP), and MAY also support
     IPv6 natively.

   ISATAP link:
     one or more underlying links used for IPv4 tunneling. The IPv4
     network layer addresses of the underlying links are used as
     link-layer addresses on the ISATAP link.

   ISATAP interface:
     a node's attachment to an ISATAP link.

   ISATAP prefix:
     a prefix used to configure an address on the ISATAP interface. This
     prefix is administratively assigned to the ISATAP link and MUST NOT
     be duplicated on native IPv6 links.

   ISATAP address:
     an IPv6 address with an ISATAP prefix and an ISATAP format interface
     identifier constructed as specified in section 4.

   ISATAP router:
     an IPv6 node that has an ISATAP interface over which it forwards
     packets not explicitly addressed to itself.

   ISATAP host:
     any node that has an ISATAP interface and is not an ISATAP router.


4.  Transmission of IPv6 Packets on ISATAP Links

   ISATAP links transmit IPv6 packets via automatic tunneling using the



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   site's IPv4 infrastructure as an NBMA link layer. Automatic tunneling
   for ISATAP uses the same mechanisms specified in [MECH,3.1-3.6],
   i.e., IPv6 packets are automatically encapsulated in IPv4 using 'ip-
   protocol-41' as the payload type number. Specific considerations for
   ISATAP links are given below:


4.1.  ISATAP Interface Identifier Construction

   IPv6 unicast addresses [ADDR][AGGR] include a 64-bit interface iden-
   tifier field in "modified EUI-64 format", based on the IEEE EUI-64
   [EUI64] specification. (Modified EUI-64 format inverts the sense of
   the 'u/l' bit from its specification in [EUI64], i.e., 'u/l' = 0
   indicates local-use.) ISATAP specifies an [EUI64]-format address con-
   struction for the Organizationally-Unique Identifier (OUI) owned by
   the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority [IANA]. This format (given
   below) is used to construct both native [EUI64] addresses for general
   use and modified EUI-64 format interface identifiers for use in IPv6
   unicast addresses:

    |0                      2|2      3|3      3|4                      6|
    |0                      3|4      1|2      9|0                      3|
    +------------------------+--------+--------+------------------------+
    |  OUI ("00-00-5E"+u+g)  |  TYPE  |  TSE   |          TSD           |
    +------------------------+--------+--------+------------------------+

   Where the fields are:

      OUI     IANA's OUI: 00-00-5E with 'u' and 'g' bits (3 octets)

      TYPE    Type field; specifies interpretation of (TSE, TSD) (1 octet)

      TSE     Type-Specific Extension (1 octet)

      TSD     Type-Specific Data (3 octets)

   And the following interpretations are specified based on TYPE:

      TYPE         (TSE, TSD) Interpretation
      ----         -------------------------
      0x00-0xFD    RESERVED for future IANA use
      0xFE         (TSE, TSD) together contain an embedded IPv4 address
      0xFF         TSD is interpreted based on TSE as follows:

                   TSE          TSD Interpretation
                   ---          ------------------
                   0x00-0xFD    RESERVED for future IANA use
                   0xFE         TSD contains 24-bit EUI-48 intf id



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                   0xFF         RESERVED by IEEE/RAC

   Thus, if TYPE=0xFE, TSE is an extension of TSD. If TYPE=0xFF, TSE is
   an extension of TYPE. Other values for TYPE (hence, other interpreta-
   tions of TSE, TSD) are reserved for future IANA use.

   The above specification is compatible with all aspects of [EUI64],
   including support for encapsulating legacy EUI-48 interface identif-
   iers (e.g., an IANA EUI-48 format multicast address such as: '01-00-
   5E-01-02-03' is encapsulated as: '01-00-5E-FF-FE-01-02-03'). But, the
   specification also provides a special TYPE (0xFE) to indicate an IPv4
   address is embedded. Thus, when the first four octets of a [ADDR]-
   compatible IPv6 interface identifier are: '00-00-5E-FE' (note: the
   'u/l' bit MUST be 0) the interface identifier is said to be in "ISA-
   TAP format" and the next four octets embed an IPv4 address encoded in
   network byte order (least significant octet first).  Addresses con-
   figured on the ISATAP interface MUST use the ISATAP interface iden-
   tifier format.


4.2.  Stateless Autoconfiguration and Link-Local Addresses

   ISATAP addresses are unicast addresses [ADDR,2.5] that use ISATAP
   format interface identifiers as follows:

    |           64 bits            |     32 bits   |    32 bits     |
    +------------------------------+---------------+----------------+
    | link-local, site-local or    |   0000:5EFE   |  IPv4 Address  |
    |    global unicast prefix     |               | of ISATAP link |
    +------------------------------+---------------+----------------+

   Link-local, site-local, and global ISATAP addresses can be created
   exactly as specified in [ADDR], (e.g., by auto-configuration [AUTO]
   or manual configuration). For example, the IPv6 address:

     3FFE:1a05:510:1111:0:5EFE:8CAD:8108

   has a prefix of '3FFE:1a05:510:1111::/64' and an ISATAP format inter-
   face identifier with embedded IPv4 address: '140.173.129.8'.  The
   address is alternately written as:

     3FFE:1a05:510:1111:0:5EFE:140.173.129.8

   The link-local and site-local variants (respectively) are:

     FE80::0:5EFE:140.173.129.8
     FEC0::1111:0:5EFE:140.173.129.8




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4.3.  ISATAP Link/Interface Configuration

   A node configures an ISATAP link over one or more underlying IPv4
   links, i.e., the ISATAP link MAY be configured over one or more
   link-layer (IPv4) addresses. Each link-layer address 'V4ADDR_LINK' is
   used to configure a link-local address 'FE80::0:5EFE:V4ADDR_LINK' on
   an ISATAP interface. ISATAP interfaces MAY be assigned one per link-
   layer address, or as a single interface for multiple link-layer
   addresses.

   In the former case, the address of each ISATAP interface SHOULD be
   added to the Potential Routers List. In the latter case, the inter-
   face will accept ISATAP packets addressed to any of the IPv4 link-
   layer addresses, but will choose one as its primary address, used for
   sourcing packets. Only this address need be represented in the Poten-
   tial Routers List.


4.4.  Sending Rules and Address Mapping

   The IPv6 next-hop address for packets sent on an ISATAP link MUST be
   an ISATAP address. Packets that do not satisfy this constraint MUST
   be discarded and an ICMP destination unreachable indication with code
   3 (Address Unreachable) [ICMPv6] MUST be returned. No other sending
   rules are necessary.

   The procedure for mapping unicast addresses into link-layer addresses
   is to simply treat the last four octets of the ISATAP address as an
   IPv4 address (in network byte order). No multicast address mappings
   are specified.


4.5.  Validity Checks for Received Packets

   ISATAP interfaces MUST silently discard any received packets that do
   not satisfy ONE OF the following validity checks:

     - the network-layer (IPv6) source address has a prefix configured on
       the ISATAP interface and an ISATAP-format interface identifier that
       embeds the link-layer (IPv4) source address, i.e., source is on-link

     - the link-layer (IPv4) source address is in the Potential Routers List
       (see section 5.2), i.e., previous hop is an on-link ISATAP router


5.  Neighbor Discovery for ISATAP Links

   Section 3.2 of [DISC] ("Supported Link Types") provides the following



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   guidelines for non-broadcast multiple access (NBMA) link support:

     "Redirect, Neighbor Unreachability Detection and next-hop determi-
     nation should be implemented as described in this document. Address
     resolution and the mechanism for delivering Router Solicitations
     and Advertisements on NBMA links is not specified in this docu-
     ment."

   ISATAP links SHOULD implement Redirect, Neighbor Unreachability
   Detection, and next-hop determination exactly as specified in [DISC].
   Address resolution and the mechanisms for delivering Router Solicita-
   tions and Advertisements for ISATAP links are not specified by
   [DISC]; instead, they are specified in this document. (Note that
   these mechanisms MAY potentially apply to other types of NBMA links
   in the future.)


5.1.  Address Resolution

   Protocol addresses (IPv6) in ISATAP are resolved to link-layer
   addresses (IPv4) by a static computation, i.e., the last four octets
   are treated as an IPv4 address. Thus the functions and conceptual
   data structures used by [DISC] for the purpose of address resolution
   are not required. The conceptual "neighbor cache" described in [DISC]
   is still needed for other functions, such as neighbor unreachability
   detection, but it is not used for address resolution.

   The link-layer address option used in [DISC] is not needed. Implemen-
   tations SHOULD NOT send link-layer address options in any Neighbor
   Discovery packets, and MUST silently ignore any such options in
   Neighbor Discovery packets which are received.


5.2.  Router and Prefix Discovery

   Since the site's IPv4 infrastructure is treated as an NBMA link
   layer, unsolicited Router Advertisements do not provide sufficient
   means for router discovery on ISATAP links. Thus, alternate mechan-
   isms are required and specified below:


5.2.1.  Conceptual Data Structures

   ISATAP nodes use the Prefix List and Default Router List conceptual
   data structures exactly as specified in [DISC,5.1]. ISATAP links add
   a new conceptual data structure "Potential Router List" and the fol-
   lowing new configuration variable:




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     ResolveInterval    Time between name service resolutions.
                        Default and suggested minimum: 1hr

   A Potential Router List (PRL) is associated with every ISATAP link.
   The PRL provides context for router discovery and a trust basis for
   router validation (see security considerations). Each entry in the
   PRL has an IPv4 address and an associated timer used for polling. The
   IPv4 address represents a router's ISATAP interface (likely to be an
   "advertising interface"), and is used to construct the ISATAP link-
   local address for that interface.

   When the node enables an ISATAP link, it initializes the PRL with
   IPv4 addresses discovered through name service lookups for the Well-
   Known Service name "ISATAP" (see "IANA Considerations"). Nodes
   periodically repeat this process after ResolveInterval to detect
   additions/deletions for the PRL. Initialization of the PRL through
   static IPv4 address assignments and/or an alternate name for lookups
   is a supported configuration option, but the method described above
   is preferred.


5.2.2.  Validation of Router Advertisement Messages

   A node MUST silently discard any received Router Advertisement mes-
   sages that do not satisfy the validity checks in [DISC,6.1.2] as well
   as the following additional validity check for ISATAP:

        - the network-layer (IPv6) source address is from the PRL


5.2.3.  Router Specification

   Advertising ISATAP interfaces of routers behave the same as advertis-
   ing interfaces described in [DISC,6.2]. However, periodic unsolicited
   multicast Router Advertisements are not required, thus the "interval
   timer" associated with advertising interfaces is not used for that
   purpose.

   When an ISATAP router receives a valid Router Solicitation on an
   advertising ISATAP interface, it replies with a unicast Router Adver-
   tisement to the address of the node which sent the Router Solicita-
   tion. The source address of the Router Advertisement is a link-local
   unicast address associated with the interface. This MAY be the same
   as the destination address of the Router Solicitation.

   By default, ISATAP routers will not receive Router Advertisements
   from other ISATAP routers. Thus, Router Advertisement consistency
   verification [DISC,6.2.7] is not supported by default. Routers MAY



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   OPTIONALLY engage in the exchange of router advertisements with other
   members of the PRL to enable this function.


5.2.4.  Host Specification

   Hosts periodically poll each entry in the PRL ("PRL(i)") by sending
   unicast Router Solicitation messages using the IPv4 address
   ("V4ADDR_PRL(i)") and associated timer in the entry. Hosts add the
   following variable to support the polling process:

     MinRouterSolicitInterval
                   Minimum time between sending Router Solicitations
                   to any router. Default and suggested minimum: 15min

   When PRL(i) is first added to the list, the host sets its associated
   timer to MinRouterSolicitInterval.

   Entries are polled when they are created (following a short delay as
   for initial solicitations [ND,6.3.7]), and when the associated timer
   expires.

   Polling consists of sending Router Solicitations to the ISATAP link-
   local address constructed from the entry's IPv4 address, i.e., they
   are sent to 'FE80::0:5EFE:V4ADDR_PRL(i)' instead of 'All-Routers mul-
   ticast'. They are otherwise sent in the same manner described in
   [DISC,6.3.7].

   When the host receives a valid Router Advertisement (i.e., one that
   satisfies the validity checks in sections 4.5 and 5.2.2) it processes
   them in the same manner described in [DISC,6.3.4]. The host addition-
   ally resets the timer associated with the PRL entry that matches the
   network-layer source address in the Router Advertisement. The timer
   is reset to either 0.5 * (the minimum value in the router lifetime or
   valid lifetime of any on-link prefixes advertised) or MinRouterSoli-
   citInterval; whichever is longer.


6.  ISATAP Deployment Considerations


6.1.  Host And Router Deployment Considerations

   For hosts, if an underlying link supports both IPv4 (over which ISA-
   TAP is implemented) and also supports IPv6 natively, then ISATAP MAY
   be enabled if the native IPv6 layer does not receive Router Adver-
   tisements (i.e., does not have connection with an IPv6 router). After
   a non-link-local address has been configured and a default router



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   acquired on the native link, the host MAY discontinue the 'Router
   Polling Process' process specified in section 5.2.4 and allow exist-
   ing ISATAP address configurations to expire as specified in
   [DISC,5.3][AUTO,5.5.4]. In this way, ISATAP use will gradually dimin-
   ish as IPv6 routers are widely deployed throughout the site.

   Routers MAY configure a native link to simultaneously support both
   native IPv6, and also ISATAP (over IPv4). Routing will operate as
   usual between these two domains. Note that the prefixes used on the
   ISATAP and native IPv6 interfaces will be distinct.

   When an ISATAP router is configured, the IPv4 address used for its
   ISATAP interface SHOULD be added (either automatically or manually)
   to the site's name service records for the "ISATAP" Well-Known Ser-
   vice name (e.g., by adding an A record in DNS), so it will be added
   to the ISATAP Potential Router list of all nodes on the link.


6.2.  Site Administration Considerations

   The following considerations are noted for sites that deploy ISATAP:

     - ISATAP links are administratively defined by a set of router
       interfaces, and set of nodes which have those interface addresses
       in their potential router lists. Thus, ISATAP links are defined by
       administrative (not physical) boundaries.

     - ISATAP hosts and routers can be deployed in an ad-hoc and independent
       fashion. In particular, ISATAP hosts can be deployed with little/no
       advanced knowledge of existing ISATAP routers, and ISATAP routers
       can deployed with no reconfiguration requirements for hosts.

     - ISATAP nodes periodically send Router Solicitations to all entries
       in the Potential Router List. Worst-case control traffic is on the
       order of (M x N), where 'M' is the number of routers in the Potential
       Router List and 'N' is the total number of nodes on the ISATAP link.
       The MinRouterSolicitInterval of 15min bounds control traffic for
       large numbers of nodes even in worst-case scenarios.

     - Strategic site administration, along with robust host and router
       implementations, can provide significant reductions in control
       traffic. At a minimum, site administrators SHOULD ensure that name
       service records for the "ISATAP" Well-Known Service name are well
       maintained, and represent valid ISATAP routers.







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7.  IANA considerations

   We propose that IANA adopt the interface identifier construction
   specified in section 4.1 for the existing IANA IEEE OUI registration
   ('00-00-5E').  Additionally, we request that the name "ISATAP" be
   reserved in the IANA "Protocol and Service Names" assigned numbers
   document.


8.  Security considerations

   Site administrators are advised that, in addition to possible attacks
   against IPv6, security attacks against IPv4 MUST also be considered.
   Many security considerations in [6OVER4,9] apply also to ISATAP.

   Responsible IPv4 site security management is strongly encouraged. In
   particular, border gateways SHOULD implement filtering to detect
   spoofed IPv4 source addresses at a minimum; ip-protocol-41 filtering
   SHOULD also be implemented.

   If IPv4 source address filtering is not correctly implemented, the
   validity checks in section 4.7 will not be effective in preventing
   IPv6 source address spoofing.

   If filtering for ip-protocol-41 is not correctly implemented, IPv6
   source address spoofing is clearly possible, but this can be elim-
   inated if both IPv4 source address filtering, and the validity checks
   in section 4.7 are implemented.

   [DISC,6.1.2] implies that nodes trust Router Advertisements they
   receive from on-link routers, as indicated by a value of 255 in the
   IPv6 'hop-limit' field. Since this field is not decremented when ip-
   protocol-41 packets traverse multiple IPv4 hops [MECH,3.3], ISATAP
   links require a different trust model. In particular, ONLY those
   Router Advertisements received from a member of the Potential Routers
   List are trusted; all others are silently discarded (see section
   5.2.2). This trust model is predicated on IPv4 source address filter-
   ing, as described above.

   The ISATAP address format does not support privacy extensions for
   stateless address autoconfiguration [PRIVACY]. However, since the
   ISATAP interface identifier is derived from the node's IPv4 address,
   ISATAP addresses do not have the same level of privacy concerns as
   IPv6 addresses that use an interface identifier derived from the MAC
   address.

Acknowledgements




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   Some of the ideas presented in this draft were derived from work at
   SRI with internal funds and contractual support. Government sponsors
   who supported the work include Monica Farah-Stapleton and Russell
   Langan from U.S. Army CECOM ASEO, and Dr. Allen Moshfegh from U.S.
   Office of Naval Research. Within SRI, Dr. Mike Frankel, J. Peter Mar-
   cotullio, Lou Rodriguez, and Dr. Ambatipudi Sastry supported the work
   and helped foster early interest.

   The following peer reviewers are acknowledged for taking the time to
   review a pre-release of this document and provide input: Jim Bound,
   Rich Draves, Cyndi Jung, Ambatipudi Sastry, Aaron Schrader, Ole
   Troan, Vlad Yasevich.

   The authors acknowledge members of the NGTRANS community who have
   made significant contributions to this effort, including Rich Draves,
   Alain Durand, Nathan Lutchansky, Art Shelest, Margaret Wasserman, and
   Brian Zill.

   Finally, the authors recognize that ideas similar to those in this
   document may have already been presented by others and wish to ack-
   nowledge any other such contributions.

Normative References

   [ADDR]     Hinden, R., and S. Deering, "IP Version 6 Addressing
              Architecture", RFC 2373, July 1998. (Pending approval
              of "addr-arch-v3").

   [AGGR]     Hinden., R, O'Dell, M., and Deering, S., "An IPv6
              Aggregatable Global Unicast Address Format",
              RFC 2374, July 1998.

   [AUTO]     Thomson, S., and T. Narten, "IPv6 Stateless Address
              Autoconfiguration", RFC 2462, December 1998.

   [DISC]     Narten, T., Nordmark, E., and W. Simpson, "Neighbor
              Discovery for IP Version 6 (IPv6)", RFC 2461,
              December 1998.

   [EUI64]    IEEE, "Guidelines for 64-bit Global Identifier (EUI-64)
              Registration Authority",
              http://standards.ieee.org/regauth/oui/tutorials/EUI64.html,
              March 1997.

   [ICMPv6]   Conta, A. and S. Deering, "Internet Control Message
              Protocol (ICMPv6) for the Internet Protocol Version 6
              (IPv6) Specification", RFC 2463, December 1998.




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   [IPV4]     Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", RFC 791.

   [IPV6]     Deering, S., and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
              (IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460.

   [MECH]     Gilligan, R., and E. Nordmark, "Transition Mechanisms for
              IPv6 Hosts and Routers", RFC 2893, August 2000.

   [NAT]      Egevang, K., and P. Francis, "The IP Network Address
              Translator (NAT)", RFC 1631, May 1994.

   [PRIVATE]  Rekhter, Y., Moskowitz, B., Karrenberg, D., de Groot, G.,
              and E. Lear, "Address Allocation for Private Internets",
              RFC 1918, February 1996.


Informative References

   [6OVER4]   Carpenter, B. and C. Jung, "Transmission of IPv6 over IPv4
              Domains without Explicit Tunnels", RFC 2529.

   [6TO4]     Carpenter, B., and K. Moore, "Connection of IPv6 Domains
              via IPv4 Clouds", RFC 3056, February 2001.

   [IANA]     Reynolds, J., and J. Postel, "Assigned Numbers", STD 2,
              USC/Information Sciences Institute, October 1994.

   [PRIVACY]  Narten, T., R. Draves, "Privacy Extensions for Stateless
              Address Autoconfiguration in IPv6", RFC 3041,
              January 2001.

Authors Addresses

      Fred L. Templin
      SRI International
      333 Ravenswood Ave.
      Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
      Phone: (650)-859-3144
      Email: templin@erg.sri.com

      Tim Gleeson
      Cisco Systems K.K.
      Shinjuku Mitsu Building
      2-1-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku
      Tokyo 163-0409, JAPAN
      email: tgleeson@cisco.com

      Mohit Talwar



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      Microsoft Corporation
      One Microsoft Way
      Redmond, WA  98052-6399
      Phone: +1 425 705 3131
      EMail: mohitt@microsoft.com

      Dave Thaler
      Microsoft Corporation
      One Microsoft Way
      Redmond, WA  98052-6399
      Phone: +1 425 703 8835
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APPENDIX A: Major Changes

   changes from version 02 to version 03:

     - Added contributing co-authors

     - RSs are now sent to unicast addresses rather than all-routers-multicast

     - Brought draft into better alignment with other IPv6
       standards-track documents

     - Added applicability statement


   changes from version 01 to version 02:

     - Cleaned up text and tightened up terminology. Changed "IPv6 destination
       address" to "IPv6 next-hop address" under "sending rules". Changed
       definition of ISATAP prefix to include link and site-local. Changed
       language in sections 4 and 5



   changes from version 00 to version 01:

     - Revised draft to require different /64 prefixs for ISATAP
       addresses and native IPv6 addresses. Thus, a node's ISATAP
       interface is assigned a /64 prefix that is distinct from the
       prefixes assigned to any other interfaces attached to the
       node - be they physical or logical interfaces. This approach
       eliminates ISATAP-specific sending rules presented in earlier
       draft versions.

     - Changed sense of 'u/l' bit in the ISATAP address interface
       identifier to indicate "local scope", since ISATAP interface



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INTERNET-DRAFT                   ISATAP                  30 January 2002


       identifiers are unique only within the scope of the ISATAP
       prefix. (See section 4.)


   changes from personal draft to version 00:

     - Title change to provide higher-level description of field of
       use addressed by this draft. Removed other extraneous text.

     - Major new section on automatic discovery of off-link IPv6 routers
       when IPv6-IPv4 compatibility addresses are used.

Intellectual Property

   The IETF has been notified of intellectual property rights claimed in
   regard to some or all of the specification contained in this docu-
   ment.  For more information consult the online list of claimed
   rights.

































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