OAuth Working Group                                            J. Richer
Internet-Draft                                     The MITRE Corporation
Intended status: Experimental                                   M. Jones
Expires: February 6, 2015                                      Microsoft
                                                              J. Bradley
                                                           Ping Identity
                                                             M. Machulak
                                                    Newcastle University
                                                                 P. Hunt
                                                      Oracle Corporation
                                                          August 5, 2014


       OAuth 2.0 Dynamic Client Registration Management Protocol
                 draft-ietf-oauth-dyn-reg-management-03

Abstract

   This specification defines methods for management of dynamic OAuth
   2.0 client registrations for use cases in which the properties of a
   registered client may need to be changed during the lifetime of the
   client.  Only some authorization servers supporting dynamic client
   registration will support these management methods.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on February 6, 2015.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2014 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents



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   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
     1.1.  Notational Conventions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     1.2.  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     1.3.  Protocol Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     1.4.  Registration Tokens and Client Credentials  . . . . . . .   5
       1.4.1.  Credential Rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   2.  Client Configuration Endpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     2.1.  Forming the Client Configuration Endpoint URL . . . . . .   7
     2.2.  Client Read Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     2.3.  Client Update Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     2.4.  Client Delete Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   3.  Responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
     3.1.  Client Information Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   4.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   5.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   6.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   Appendix A.  Acknowledgments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   Appendix B.  Document History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15

1.  Introduction

   In order for an OAuth 2.0 client to utilize an OAuth 2.0
   authorization server, the client needs specific information to
   interact with the server, including an OAuth 2.0 client identifier to
   use at that server.  The OAuth 2.0 Dynamic Client Registration
   Protocol [OAuth.Registration] specification describes how an OAuth
   2.0 client can be dynamically registered with an authorization server
   to obtain this information and how metadata about the client can be
   registered with the server.

   This specification extends the core registration specification by
   defining a set of methods for management of dynamic OAuth 2.0 client
   registrations beyond those defined in the core registration
   specification.






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1.1.  Notational Conventions

   The key words 'MUST', 'MUST NOT', 'REQUIRED', 'SHALL', 'SHALL NOT',
   'SHOULD', 'SHOULD NOT', 'RECOMMENDED', 'MAY', and 'OPTIONAL' in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

   Unless otherwise noted, all the protocol parameter names and values
   are case sensitive.

1.2.  Terminology

   This specification uses the terms "access token", "authorization
   code", "authorization endpoint", "authorization grant",
   "authorization server", "client", "client identifier", "client
   secret", "grant type", "protected resource", "redirection URI",
   "refresh token", "resource owner", "resource server", "response
   type", and "token endpoint" defined by OAuth 2.0 [RFC6749] and the
   terms defined by the OAuth 2.0 Client Dynamic Registration Protocol
   [OAuth.Registration].

   This specification defines the following terms:

   Client Configuration Endpoint
      OAuth 2.0 endpoint through which registration information for a
      registered client can be managed.  This URL for this endpoint is
      returned by the authorization server in the client information
      response.

   Registration Access Token
      OAuth 2.0 bearer token issued by the authorization server through
      the client registration endpoint that is used to authenticate the
      caller when accessing the client's registration information at the
      client configuration endpoint.  This access token is associated
      with a particular registered client.

1.3.  Protocol Flow















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   This extends the flow in the OAuth 2.0 Dynamic Client Registration
   Protocol [OAuth.Registration] specification as follows:

        +--------(A)- Initial Access Token (OPTIONAL)
        |
        |   +----(B)- Software Statement (OPTIONAL)
        |   |
        v   v
    +-----------+                                      +---------------+
    |           |--(C)- Client Registration Request -->|    Client     |
    |           |                                      | Registration  |
    |           |<-(D)- Client Information Response ---|   Endpoint    |
    |           |                                      +---------------+
    |           |
    |           |                                      +---------------+
    | Client or |--(E)- Read or Update Request ------->|               |
    | Developer |                                      |               |
    |           |<-(F)- Client Information Response ---|    Client     |
    |           |                                      | Configuration |
    |           |                                      |   Endpoint    |
    |           |                                      |               |
    |           |--(G)- Delete Request --------------->|               |
    |           |                                      |               |
    |           |<-(H)- Delete Confirmation -----------|               |
    +-----------+                                      +---------------+

   Figure 1: Abstract Extended Dynamic Client Registration Flow

   The abstract OAuth 2.0 client dynamic registration flow illustrated
   in Figure 1 describes the interaction between the client or developer
   and the endpoints defined in this specification and its parent.  This
   figure does not demonstrate error conditions.  This flow includes the
   following steps:

   (A)  Optionally, the client or developer is issued an initial access
      token for use with the client registration endpoint.  The method
      by which the initial access token is issued to the client or
      developer is out of scope for this specification.

   (B)  Optionally, the client or developer is issued a software
      statement for use with the client registration endpoint.  The
      method by which the software statement is issued to the client or
      developer is out of scope for this specification.

   (C)  The client or developer calls the client registration endpoint
      with its desired registration metadata, optionally including the
      initial access token from (A) if one is required by the
      authorization server.



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   (D)  The authorization server registers the client and returns the
      client's registered metadata, a client identifier that is unique
      at the server, a set of client credentials such as a client secret
      if applicable for this client, a URI pointing to the client
      configuration endpoint, and a registration access token to be used
      when calling the client configuration endpoint.

   (E)  The client or developer optionally calls the client
      configuration endpoint with a read or update request using the
      registration access token issued in (D).  An update request
      contains all of the client's registered metadata.

   (F)  The authorization server responds with the client's current
      configuration, potentially including a new registration access
      token and a new set of client credentials such as a client secret
      if applicable for this client.  If a new registration access token
      is issued, it replaces the token issued in (D) for all subsequent
      calls to the client configuration endpoint.

   (G)  The client or developer optionally calls the client
      configuration endpoint with a delete request using the
      registration access token issued in (D).

   (H)  The authorization server deprovisions the client and responds
      with a confirmation that the deletion has taken place.

1.4.  Registration Tokens and Client Credentials

   Throughout the course of the dynamic registration protocol, there are
   three different classes of credentials in play, each with different
   properties and targets.

   o  The initial access token is optionally used by the client or
      developer at the registration endpoint.  This is an OAuth 2.0
      token that is used to authorize the initial client registration
      request.  The content, structure, generation, and validation of
      this token are out of scope for this specification.  The
      authorization server can use this token to verify that the
      presenter is allowed to dynamically register new clients.  This
      token may be shared among multiple instances of a client to allow
      them to each register separately, thereby letting the
      authorization server use this token to tie multiple instances of
      registered clients (each with their own distinct client
      identifier) back to the party to whom the initial access token was
      issued, usually an application developer.  This token should be
      used only at the client registration endpoint.





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   o  The registration access token is used by the client or developer
      at the client configuration endpoint and represents the holder's
      authorization to manage the registration of a client.  This is an
      OAuth 2.0 bearer token that is issued from the client registration
      endpoint in response to a client registration request and is
      returned in a client information response.  The registration
      access token is uniquely bound to the client identifier and is
      required to be presented with all calls to the client
      configuration endpoint.  The registration access token should be
      protected and should not be shared between instances of a client
      (otherwise, one instance could change or delete registration
      values for all instances of the client).  The registration access
      token can be rotated through the use of the client update method
      on the client configuration endpoint.  The registration access
      token should be used only at the client configuration endpoint.

   o  The client credentials (such as "client_secret") are optional
      depending on the type of client and are used to retrieve OAuth
      tokens.  Client credentials are most often bound to particular
      instances of a client and should not be shared between instances.
      Note that since not all types of clients have client credentials,
      they cannot be used to manage client registrations at the client
      configuration endpoint.  The client credentials can be rotated
      through the use of the client update method on the client
      configuration endpoint.  The client credentials cannot be used for
      authentication at the client registration endpoint or at the
      client configuration endpoint.

1.4.1.  Credential Rotation

   The Authorization Server MAY rotate the client's registration access
   token and/or client credentials (such as a "client_secret")
   throughout the lifetime of the client.  The client can discovery that
   these values have changed by reading the client information response
   returned from either a read or update request to the client
   configuration endpoint.  The client's current registration access
   token and client credentials (if applicable) MUST be included in this
   response.

   The registration access token SHOULD be rotated only in response to
   an update request to the client configuration endpoint, at which
   point the new registration access token is returned to the client and
   the old registration access token SHOULD be discarded by both
   parties.  If the registration access token were to expire or be
   rotated outside of such requests, the client or developer might be
   locked out of managing the client's configuration.





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2.  Client Configuration Endpoint

   The client configuration endpoint is an OAuth 2.0 protected resource
   that is provisioned by the server to facilitate viewing, updating,
   and deleting a client's registered information.  The location of this
   endpoint is communicated to the client through the
   "registration_client_uri" member of the Client Information Response,
   as specified in Section 3.1.  The client MUST use its registration
   access token in all calls to this endpoint as an OAuth 2.0 Bearer
   Token [RFC6750].

   Operations on this endpoint are switched through the use of different
   HTTP methods [RFC2616].  If an authorization server does not support
   a particular method on the client configuration endpoint, it MUST
   respond with the appropriate error code.

2.1.  Forming the Client Configuration Endpoint URL

   The authorization server MUST provide the client with the fully
   qualified URL in the "registration_client_uri" element of the Client
   Information Response, as specified in Section 3.1.  The authorization
   server MUST NOT expect the client to construct or discover this URL
   on its own.  The client MUST use the URL as given by the server and
   MUST NOT construct this URL from component pieces.

   Depending on deployment characteristics, the client configuration
   endpoint URL may take any number of forms.  It is RECOMMENDED that
   this endpoint URL be formed through the use of a server-constructed
   URL string which combines the client registration endpoint's URL and
   the issued "client_id" for this client, with the latter as either a
   path parameter or a query parameter.  For example, a client with the
   client identifier "s6BhdRkqt3" could be given a client configuration
   endpoint URL of "https://server.example.com/register/s6BhdRkqt3"
   (path parameter) or of "https://server.example.com/
   register?client_id=s6BhdRkqt3" (query parameter).  In both of these
   cases, the client simply uses the URL as given by the authorization
   server.

   These common patterns can help the server to more easily determine
   the client to which the request pertains, which MUST be matched
   against the client to which the registration access token was issued.
   If desired, the server MAY simply return the client registration
   endpoint URL as the client configuration endpoint URL and change
   behavior based on the authentication context provided by the
   registration access token.






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2.2.  Client Read Request

   To read the current configuration of the client on the authorization
   server, the client makes an HTTP GET request to the client
   configuration endpoint, authenticating with its registration access
   token.  This operation SHOULD be idempotent -- not causing changes to
   the client configuration.

   Following is a non-normative example request (with line wraps for
   display purposes only):

     GET /register/s6BhdRkqt3 HTTP/1.1
     Accept: application/json
     Host: server.example.com
     Authorization: Bearer reg-23410913-abewfq.123483

   Upon successful read of the information for a currently active
   client, the authorization server responds with an HTTP 200 OK with
   content type of "application/json" and a payload, as described in
   Section 3.1.  Some values in the response, including the
   "client_secret" and "registration_access_token", MAY be different
   from those in the initial registration response.  However, since read
   operations are intended to be idempotent, the read request itself
   SHOULD NOT cause changes to the client's registered metadata values.
   If the authorization server includes a new client secret and/or
   registration access token in its response, the client MUST
   immediately discard its previous client secret and/or registration
   access token.  The value of the "client_id" MUST NOT change from the
   initial registration response.

   If the registration access token used to make this request is not
   valid, the server MUST respond with an error as described in OAuth
   Bearer Token Usage [RFC6750].

   If the client does not exist on this server, the server MUST respond
   with HTTP 401 Unauthorized and the registration access token used to
   make this request SHOULD be immediately revoked.

   If the client does not have permission to read its record, the server
   MUST return an HTTP 403 Forbidden.

2.3.  Client Update Request

   This operation updates a previously-registered client with new
   metadata at the authorization server.  This request is authenticated
   by the registration access token issued to the client.





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   The client sends an HTTP PUT to the client configuration endpoint
   with a content type of "application/json".  The HTTP entity payload
   is a JSON [RFC7159] document consisting of a JSON object and all
   parameters as top- level members of that JSON object.

   This request MUST include all client metadata fields as returned to
   the client from a previous registration, read, or update operation.
   The client MUST NOT include the "registration_access_token",
   "registration_client_uri", "client_secret_expires_at", or
   "client_id_issued_at" fields described in Section 3.1.

   Valid values of client metadata fields in this request MUST replace,
   not augment, the values previously associated with this client.
   Omitted fields MUST be treated as null or empty values by the server.

   The client MUST include its "client_id" field in the request, and it
   MUST be the same as its currently-issued client identifier.  If the
   client includes the "client_secret" field in the request, the value
   of this field MUST match the currently-issued client secret for that
   client.  The client MUST NOT be allowed to overwrite its existing
   client secret with its own chosen value.

   For all metadata fields, the authorization server MAY replace any
   invalid values with suitable default values, and it MUST return any
   such fields to the client in the response.

   For example, a client could send the following request to the client
   registration endpoint to update the client registration in the above
   example with new information:






















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   Following is a non-normative example request (with line wraps for
   display purposes only):

     PUT /register/s6BhdRkqt3 HTTP/1.1
     Accept: application/json
     Host: server.example.com
     Authorization: Bearer reg-23410913-abewfq.123483

     {
      "client_id":"s6BhdRkqt3",
      "client_secret": "cf136dc3c1fc93f31185e5885805d",
      "redirect_uris":[
        "https://client.example.org/callback",
        "https://client.example.org/alt"],
      "grant_types": ["authorization_code", "refresh_token"],
      "token_endpoint_auth_method": "client_secret_basic",
      "jwks_uri": "https://client.example.org/my_public_keys.jwks",
      "client_name":"My New Example",
      "client_name#fr":"Mon Nouvel Exemple",
      "logo_uri":"https://client.example.org/newlogo.png",
      "logo_uri#fr":"https://client.example.org/fr/newlogo.png"
     }

   This example uses client metadata values defined in
   [OAuth.Registration].

   Upon successful update, the authorization server responds with an
   HTTP 200 OK Message with content type "application/json" and a
   payload, as described in Section 3.1.  Some values in the response,
   including the "client_secret" and r"egistration_access_token", MAY be
   different from those in the initial registration response.  If the
   authorization server includes a new client secret and/or registration
   access token in its response, the client MUST immediately discard its
   previous client secret and/or registration access token.  The value
   of the "client_id" MUST NOT change from the initial registration
   response.

   If the registration access token used to make this request is not
   valid, the server MUST respond with an error as described in OAuth
   Bearer Token Usage [RFC6750].

   If the client does not exist on this server, the server MUST respond
   with HTTP 401 Unauthorized, and the registration access token used to
   make this request SHOULD be immediately revoked.

   If the client is not allowed to update its records, the server MUST
   respond with HTTP 403 Forbidden.




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   If the client attempts to set an invalid metadata field and the
   authorization server does not set a default value, the authorization
   server responds with an error as described in [OAuth.Registration].

2.4.  Client Delete Request

   To deprovision itself on the authorization server, the client makes
   an HTTP DELETE request to the client configuration endpoint.  This
   request is authenticated by the registration access token issued to
   the client.

   Following is a non-normative example request (with line wraps for
   display purposes only):

     DELETE /register/s6BhdRkqt3 HTTP/1.1
     Host: server.example.com
     Authorization: Bearer reg-23410913-abewfq.123483

   A successful delete action will invalidate the "client_id",
   "client_secret", and "registration_access_token" for this client,
   thereby preventing the "client_id" from being used at either the
   authorization endpoint or token endpoint of the authorization server.
   The authorization server SHOULD immediately invalidate all existing
   authorization grants and currently-active tokens associated with this
   client.

   If a client has been successfully deprovisioned, the authorization
   server responds with an HTTP 204 No Content message.

   If the server does not support the delete method, the server MUST
   respond with an HTTP 405 Not Supported.

   If the registration access token used to make this request is not
   valid, the server MUST respond with an error as described in OAuth
   Bearer Token Usage [RFC6750].

   If the client does not exist on this server, the server MUST respond
   with HTTP 401 Unauthorized and the registration access token used to
   make this request SHOULD be immediately revoked.

   If the client is not allowed to delete itself, the server MUST
   respond with HTTP 403 Forbidden.

   Following is a non-normative example response:

     HTTP/1.1 204 No Content
     Cache-Control: no-store
     Pragma: no-cache



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3.  Responses

   In response to certain requests from the client to either the client
   registration endpoint or the client configuration endpoint as
   described in this specification, the authorization server sends the
   following response bodies.

3.1.  Client Information Response

   This specification extends the client information response defined in
   OAuth 2.0 Core Client Dynamic Registration.  The response contains
   the client identifier as well as the client secret, if the client is
   a confidential client.  The response also contains the fully
   qualified URL of the client configuration endpoint for this specific
   client that the client may use to obtain and update information about
   itself.  The response also contains a registration access token that
   is to be used by the client to perform subsequent operations at the
   client configuration endpoint.

   client_id
      REQUIRED.  OAuth 2.0 client identifier.

   client_secret
      OPTIONAL.  OAuth 2.0 client secret.

   client_id_issued_at
      OPTIONAL.  Time at which the client identifier was issued, as
      defined by [OAuth.Registration].

   client_secret_expires_at
      REQUIRED if "client_secret" is issued.  Time at which the
      "client_secret" will expire, as defined by [OAuth.Registration].

   registration_access_token
      REQUIRED.  Access token used at the client configuration endpoint
      to perform subsequent operations upon the client registration.

   registration_client_uri
      REQUIRED.  Fully qualified URL of the client configuration
      endpoint for this client.

   Additionally, the Authorization Server MUST return all registered
   metadata about this client, including any fields provisioned by the
   authorization server itself.  The authorization server MAY reject or
   replace any of the client's requested metadata values submitted
   during the registration or update requests and substitute them with
   suitable values.




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   The response is an "application/json" document with all parameters as
   top-level members of a JSON object [RFC7159].

   Following is a non-normative example response:

     HTTP/1.1 200 OK
     Content-Type: application/json
     Cache-Control: no-store
     Pragma: no-cache

     {
      "registration_access_token": "reg-23410913-abewfq.123483",
      "registration_client_uri":
         "https://server.example.com/register/s6BhdRkqt3",
      "client_id":"s6BhdRkqt3",
      "client_secret": "cf136dc3c1fc93f31185e5885805d",
      "client_id_issued_at":2893256800,
      "client_secret_expires_at":2893276800,
      "client_name":"My Example Client",
      "client_name#ja-Jpan-JP":
         "\u30AF\u30E9\u30A4\u30A2\u30F3\u30C8\u540D",
      "redirect_uris":[
        "https://client.example.org/callback",
        "https://client.example.org/callback2"],
      "grant_types": ["authorization_code", "refresh_token"],
      "token_endpoint_auth_method": "client_secret_basic",
      "logo_uri": "https://client.example.org/logo.png",
      "jwks_uri": "https://client.example.org/my_public_keys.jwks"
     }

4.  IANA Considerations

   This specification makes no requests of IANA.

5.  Security Considerations

   While the client secret can expire, the registration access token
   should not expire while a client is still actively registered.  If
   this token were to expire, a developer or client could be left in a
   situation where they have no means of retrieving or updating the
   client's registration information.  Were that the case, a new
   registration would be required, thereby generating a new client
   identifier.  However, to limit the exposure surface of the
   registration access token, the registration access token MAY be
   rotated when the developer or client does an update operation on the
   client's client configuration endpoint.  As the registration access
   tokens are relatively long-term credentials, and since the
   registration access token is a Bearer token and acts as the sole



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   authentication for use at the client configuration endpoint, it MUST
   be protected by the developer or client as described in OAuth 2.0
   Bearer Token Usage [RFC6750].

   Since the client configuration endpoint is an OAuth 2.0 protected
   resource, it SHOULD have some rate limiting on failures to prevent
   the registration access token from being disclosed though repeated
   access attempts.

   If a client is deprovisioned from a server, any outstanding
   registration access token for that client MUST be invalidated at the
   same time.  Otherwise, this can lead to an inconsistent state wherein
   a client could make requests to the client configuration endpoint
   where the authentication would succeed but the action would fail
   because the client is no longer valid.  To prevent accidental
   disclosure from such an erroneous situation, the authorization server
   MUST treat all such requests as if the registration access token was
   invalid (by returning an HTTP 401 Unauthorized error, as described).

6.  Normative References

   [OAuth.Registration]
              Richer, J., Jones, M., Bradley, J., Machulak, M., and P.
              Hunt, "OAuth 2.0 Dynamic Client Registration Protocol",
              draft-ietf-oauth-dyn-reg (work in progress), August 2014.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC2616]  Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H.,
              Masinter, L., Leach, P., and T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext
              Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1", RFC 2616, June 1999.

   [RFC6749]  Hardt, D., "The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework", RFC
              6749, October 2012.

   [RFC6750]  Jones, M. and D. Hardt, "The OAuth 2.0 Authorization
              Framework: Bearer Token Usage", RFC 6750, October 2012.

   [RFC7159]  Bray, T., "The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data
              Interchange Format", RFC 7159, March 2014.

Appendix A.  Acknowledgments

   The authors thank the OAuth Working Group, the User-Managed Access
   Working Group, and the OpenID Connect Working Group participants for
   their input to this document.  In particular, the following
   individuals have been instrumental in their review and contribution



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   to various versions of this document: Amanda Anganes, Derek Atkins,
   Tim Bray, Domenico Catalano, Donald Coffin, Vladimir Dzhuvinov,
   George Fletcher, Thomas Hardjono, Phil Hunt, William Kim, Torsten
   Lodderstedt, Eve Maler, Josh Mandel, Nov Matake, Tony Nadalin, Nat
   Sakimura, Christian Scholz, and Hannes Tschofenig.

Appendix B.  Document History

   [[ to be removed by the RFC editor before publication as an RFC ]]

   -03

   o  Changed draft to be Experimental instead of Standards Track.

   -02

   o  Added more context information to the abstract.

   -01

   o  Addressed issues that arose from last call comments on draft-ietf-
      oauth-dyn-reg and draft-ietf-oauth-dyn-reg-metadata.

   -00

   o  Created from draft-jones-oauth-dyn-reg-management-00.

Authors' Addresses

   Justin Richer
   The MITRE Corporation

   Email: jricher@mitre.org


   Michael B. Jones
   Microsoft

   Email: mbj@microsoft.com
   URI:   http://self-issued.info/


   John Bradley
   Ping Identity

   Email: ve7jtb@ve7jtb.com





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   Maciej Machulak
   Newcastle University

   Email: m.p.machulak@ncl.ac.uk
   URI:   http://ncl.ac.uk/


   Phil Hunt
   Oracle Corporation

   Email: phil.hunt@yahoo.com








































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