Internet Engineering Task Force D. Linsenbardt SPYRUS
Internet-Draft S. Pontius SPYRUS
October 2003 A. Sturgeon SPYRUS
Expires in April 2004
Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure
Warranty Certificate Extension
<draft-ietf-pkix-warranty-extn-04.txt>
Status of this Memo
This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with all
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Abstract
This document describes a certificate extension to explicitly state
the warranty offered by a Certificate Authority (CA) for the
certificate containing the extension.
Conventions Used In This Document
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
Copyright (c) The Internet Society (2003). All rights reserved.
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1. Introduction
The warranty certificate extension identifies the warranty policy
associated with a X.509 public key certificate [X.509-97, PROFILE].
Often the Certificate Authority (CA) will obtain an insurance policy
to ensure coverage of the warranty.
The certificate warranty provides an extended monetary coverage for
the end entities. The certificate warranty primarily concerns the use,
storage, and reliance on a certificate by a subscriber, a relying
party, and the CA. It is common for a CA to establish reliance limits
on the use of a certificate. It is not uncommon for a CA to attempt
through contractual means to exclude its liability entirely. However,
this has the effect of undermining the confidence that commerce
requires to gainfully use certificates.
Alternatively a CA may provide extended coverage for the use of the
certificate. Usually, the subscriber pays for the extended warranty
coverage. In turn, subscribers are covered by an appropriately drafted
insurance policy. The certificate warranty is backed by an insurance
policy issued by a licensed insurance company, which results in a
financial backing that is far greater than that of the CA. This extra
financial backing provides a further element of confidence necessary to
encourage the use of certificates in commerce.
A relying party that has a warranty from a CA may obtain compensation
from a CA depending on the conditions for such compensation expressed
in either the CA's Certificate Policy or the CA's insurance policy, or
both. Evidence of an extended warranty, provided through the
certificate extension, will give the relying party additional
confidence that compensation is possible, and will therefore further
enhance trust in the process. Risk for a non-subscriber relying party
may be reduced by the presence of a warranty extension with an explicit
warranty stated. The warranty extension allows this aspect of risk
management to be automated.
When a certificate contains a warranty certificate extension, the
extension MUST be non-critical, and it MUST contain either a NULL to
indicate that no warranty is provided or base warranty data to
indicate that a warranty is provided. The extension MAY contain
optional qualifiers.
2. Warranty Extension Format
Like all X.509 certificate extensions, the warranty certificate
extension is defined using ASN.1 [X.208-88, X.209-88].
The non-critical warranty extension is identified by
id-pe-warranty.
PKIX Object Identifier Registry
id-pkix OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1) identified-organization(3)
dod(6) internet(1) security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7) }
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PKIX Arcs
id-mod OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-pkix 0 } -- modules
id-pe OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-pkix 1 } -- private
certificate extensions
PKIX modules
id-mod-warranty-extn OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-mod 27 }
id-pe-warranty OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-pe 16 }
A non-null warranty always includes a base warranty. The warranty
information includes the period during which the warranty applies, a
warranty value, and a warranty type. The warranty type tells the
warranty limit against claims. The extension definition
supports two alternatives: aggregated and per-transaction. With
aggregation, claims are fulfilled until a ceiling value is reached.
After that, no further claims are fulfilled. With per-transaction, a
ceiling value is imposed on each claim, but each transaction is
considered independently.
The warranty extension permits inclusion of two optional warranty
qualifiers. The first qualifier provides extended warranty information.
The second qualifier provides a pointer to the warranty terms and
conditions.
When present, the extended warranty information provides information
about coverage beyond the scope of the base warranty. Like the base
warranty information, the extended warranty information includes the
period during which the warranty applies, a warranty value, and a
warranty type.
When present, the terms and conditions pointer provides a reference to
a document containing the terms and conditions associated with the
warranty. The document may be a Certificate Policy that contains this
information, or it may be a document specifically about the warranty.
It may also be a Relying Party Agreement. The pointer is always a
uniform resource locator (URL). The URL MUST be a non-relative URL
using the http scheme. The URL MUST follow the URL syntax and encoding
rules specified in RFC 2396 [URI].
2.1. Warranty Extension Syntax
The syntax for the warranty extension is:
Warranty ::= CHOICE {
none NULL, -- No warranty provided
wData WarrantyData } -- Explicit warranty
WarrantyData ::= SEQUENCE {
base WarrantyInfo,
extended WarrantyInfo OPTIONAL,
tcURL TermsAndConditionsURL OPTIONAL }
WarrantyInfo ::= SEQUENCE {
validity WarrantyValidityPeriod,
amount CurrencyAmount,
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wType WarrantyType }
WarrantyValidityPeriod ::= CHOICE {
sameAsCertificate NULL,
explicitPeriod ValidityPeriod }
ValidityPeriod ::= SEQUENCE {
notBefore GeneralizedTime,
notAfter GeneralizedTime }
-- CurrencyAmount specifies the currency and a monetary value.
-- Currency codes are defined in ISO 4217. The monetary value
-- is: amount / (10 ** amtExp10), and the exponent MUST be the
-- minor unit of currency specified in ISO 4217.
CurrencyAmount ::= SEQUENCE {
currency INTEGER (1..999),
amount INTEGER (0..MAX),
amtExp10 INTEGER (0..MAX) }
WarrantyType ::= INTEGER {
aggregated (0),
perTransaction (1) }
TermsAndConditionsURL ::= IA5String -- MUST use http scheme
2.2. Warranty Extension Semantics
Warranty is a CHOICE; it is represented either by NULL or
WarrantyData. If the CA selects NULL, then the CA is explicitly
stating that no warranty is provided. If the CA selects WarrantyData,
then the CA is explicitly stating that a warranty is provided, and the
fields within the WarrantyData type MUST provide details about the
warranty that is provided.
WarrantyData MUST contain information about the base warranty.
WarrantyData MAY contain information about an extended warranty. Both
base warranty and extended warranty information is provided using the
WarrantyInfo type. WarrantyData MAY contain a URL that points to the
terms and conditions of the warranty. The URL is provided using the
TermsAndConditionsURL type, which is an IA5 string. The IA5String MUST
contain a URI [RFC2396] using the http scheme, such as
"http://www.example.com/warranty/t_and_c.html".
WarrantyInfo MUST contain the warranty validity period, the currency
amount of the warranty, and the type of warranty. The warranty
validity period is provided using the WarrantyValidityPeriod type.
The currency amount of the warranty is provided using the
CurrencyAmount type. The type of warranty is provided using the
WarrantyType type.
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WarrantyValidityPeriod is a CHOICE; it is represented either by NULL
or ValidityPeriod. If the CA selects NULL, then the validity period
of the warranty MUST be exactly the same as the validity period of the
certificate. If the CA selects ValidityPeriod, then the CA is
explicitly stating a warranty validity period that is different than
the validity period of the certificate. If the warranty validity
period and the certificate validity period are the same, then the CA
MUST select the NULL choice. The validity periods are expected to be
the same in the vast majority of the cases. ValidityPeriod is a
SEQUENCE of two GeneralizedTime values. The first (notBefore)
GeneralizedTime value MUST indicate the date and time that the warranty
become valid, and the second (notAfter) GeneralizedTime value MUST
indicate the date and time that the warranty expires.
CurrencyAmount is a SEQUENCE if three integers. Together the integers
specify the currency and a monetary value. The first integer
(currency) MUST indicate the currency using one of the currency codes
defined in ISO 4217. The second integer (amount) MUST indicate the
value of the warranty. The third integer (amtExp10) MUST indicate the
correct placement of the decimal point in the monetary value, and it
MUST be the minor unit of currency specified in ISO 4217. For example
$48,525.50 (in US dollars) is represented as:
currency = 840
amount = 4852550
amtExp10 = 2
WarrantyType is an integer. A value of zero indicates that claims
against the warranty will be aggregated, and once the value of
fulfilled claims reaches the warranty currency amount, then no further
claim will be fulfilled. A value of one indicates that each claim is
handled independently, but no individual claim can exceed the warranty
currency amount. The CA MUST select either zero or one for this
integer value.
3. Security Considerations
The procedures and practices employed by the CA MUST ensure that the
correct values for the warranty are inserted in each certificate that is
issued. Relying parties and users may accept or reject a particular
certificate for an intended use based on the information provided in
warranty extension. Incorrect representation of the actual warranty
may result in otherwise avoidable warranty claims for the CA.
4. IANA Considerations
Certificate extensions and extended key usage values are identified
by object identifiers (OIDs). The OIDs used in this document are
derived from X.509 [X.509]. No further action by the IANA is
necessary for this document or any anticipated updates.
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5. Normative References
ISO 4217 ISO. "Codes for the Representation of Currencies and
Funds", ISO 4217. 1995.
PROFILE Housley, R., Ford, W., Polk, W. and D. Solo, "Internet
X.509 Public Key Infrastructure: Certificate and CRL
Profile", RFC 3280, May 2002.
URI Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., Irving, U.C., and L.
Masinter. "Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic
Syntax", RFC 2396, August 1998.
X.208-88 CCITT. Recommendation X.208: Specification of Abstract
Syntax Notation One (ASN.1). 1988.
X.209-88 CCITT. Recommendation X.209: Specification of Basic
Encoding Rules for Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1).
1988.
6. Informative References
X.509-97 ITU-T. Recommendation X.509: The Directory -
Authentication Framework. 1997.
7. ASN.1 Module
WarrantyExtn
{ iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1)
security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7) id-mod(0)
id-mod-warranty-extn(27) }
DEFINITIONS IMPLICIT TAGS ::=
BEGIN
-- OID Arcs
id-pe OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=
{ iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1)
security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7) 1 }
-- Warranty Extension
id-pe-warranty-extn OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-pe 16 }
Warranty ::= CHOICE {
none NULL, -- No warranty provided
wData WarrantyData } -- Explicit warranty
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WarrantyData ::= SEQUENCE {
base WarrantyInfo,
extended WarrantyInfo OPTIONAL,
tcURL TermsAndConditionsURL OPTIONAL }
WarrantyInfo ::= SEQUENCE {
validity WarrantyValidityPeriod,
amount CurrencyAmount,
wType WarrantyType }
WarrantyValidityPeriod ::= CHOICE {
sameAsCertificate NULL,
explicitPeriod ValidityPeriod }
ValidityPeriod ::= SEQUENCE {
notBefore GeneralizedTime,
notAfter GeneralizedTime }
-- CurrencyAmount specifies the currency and a monetary value.
-- Currency codes are defined in ISO 4217. The monetary value
-- is: amount / (10 ** amtExp10), and the exponent MUST be the
-- minor unit of currency specified in ISO 4217.
CurrencyAmount ::= SEQUENCE {
currency INTEGER (1..999),
amount INTEGER (0..MAX),
amtExp10 INTEGER (0..MAX) }
WarrantyType ::= INTEGER {
aggregated (0),
perTransaction (1) }
TermsAndConditionsURL ::= IA5String
END
Acknowledgements
This Internet-Draft was developed with the expertise and support of Russ
Housley, Vigil Security LLC, and Dr. Adrian McCullagh, Freehills Australia.
Author's Address
Duane Linsenbardt
SPYRUS
2355 Oakland Road
Suite 1
San Jose CA 95131
USA
dlinsenbardt@spyrus.com
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Sue Pontius
SPYRUS
2355 Oakland Road
Suite 1
San Jose CA 95131
USA
spontius@spyrus.com
Alice Sturgeon
SPYRUS
Suite 1502, 222 Queen St.,
Ottawa ON K0A 2T0
Canada
asturgeon@spyrus.com
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Alice Sturgeon <asturgeon@spyrus.com>
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Expires in April 2004
