Networking Working Group JP. Vasseur
Internet-Draft Cisco Systems, Inc
Intended status: Informational March 14, 2011
Expires: September 15, 2011
Terminology in Low power And Lossy Networks
draft-ietf-roll-terminology-05.txt
Abstract
The documents defines a terminology for discussing routing
requirements and solutions for networks referred to as Low power and
Lossy Networks (LLN). A LLN is typically composed of many embedded
devices with limited power, memory, and processing resources
interconnected by a variety of links. There is a wide scope of
application areas for LLNs, including industrial monitoring, building
automation (e.g. Heating, Ventilating, Air Conditioning, lighting,
access control, fire), connected home, healthcare, environmental
monitoring, urban sensor networks, energy management, assets
tracking, refrigeration.
Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
Status of this Memo
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provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
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This Internet-Draft will expire on September 15, 2011.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2011 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
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document authors. All rights reserved.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
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1. Introduction
This document defines a terminology for discussing routing
requirements and solutions for networks referred to as Low power and
Lossy Networks (LLN).
Low power and Lossy networks (LLNs) are typically composed of many
embedded devices with limited power, memory, and processing resources
interconnected by a variety of links, such as IEEE 802.15.4, Low
Power WiFi. There is a wide scope of application areas for LLNs,
including industrial monitoring, building automation (HVAC, lighting,
access control, fire), connected home, healthcare, environmental
monitoring, urban sensor networks, energy management, assets tracking
and refrigeration.
Since these applications are usually highly specific (for example
Industrial Automation, Building Automation, ...), it is not uncommon
to see a number of disparate terms to describe the same device or
functionality. Thus in order to avoid confusion or discrepancies,
this document specifies the common terminology to be used in all ROLL
Working Group documents. The terms defined in this document are used
in [RFC5548],[I-D.ietf-roll-indus-routing-reqs],
[I-D.ietf-roll-home-routing-reqs] and
[I-D.ietf-roll-building-routing-reqs].
Terminology specific to a particular application are out of the scope
of this document.
It is expected that all routing requirements documents defining
requirements or specifying routing solutions for LLN will use the
common terminology specified in this document. This document should
be listed as an informative reference.
2. Terminology
Actuator: a field device that controls a set of equipment. For
example, an actuator might control and/or modulates the flow of a gas
or liquid, control electricity distribution, perform a mechanical
operation, ...
AMI: Advanced Metering Infrastructure that makes use of Smart Grid
technologies. A canonical Smart Grid application is smart-metering.
Channel: Radio frequency sub-band used to transmit a modulated signal
carrying packets.
Channel Hopping: A procedure by which field devices synchronously
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change channels during operation.
Commissioning Tool: Any physical or logical device temporarily added
to the network for the expressed purpose of setting up the network
and device operational parameters. The commisioning tool can also be
temporarily added to the LLN for scheduled or unscheduled
maintenance.
Closed Loop Control: A process whereby a device controller controls
an actuator based on information sensed by one or more field devices.
Controller: A field device that can receive sensor input and
automatically change the environment in the facility by manipulating
digital or analog actuators.
DA: Distribution Automation, part of Smart Grid. Encompasses
technologies for maintenance and management of electrical
distribution systems.
Data sink: A device that collects data from nodes in a LLN.
Downstream: Data direction traveling from outside of the LLN (e.g.
traffic coming from a LAN, WAN or the Internet) via a LBR.
Field Device: A field deviced is a physical device placed in the
network's operating environment (e.g. plant, urban or home). Field
devices include sensors, actuators as well as routers and Low power
and Lossy Network Border Router (including LBR). A field device is
usually (but not always) a device with constrained CPU, memory
footprint, storage capacity, bandwidth and sometimes power (battery
operated). At the time of writing, for the sake of illustration, a
typical sensor or actuator would have a few KBytes of RAM, a few
dozens of KBytes of ROM/Flash memory, a 8/16/32 bit microcontroller
and communication capabilities ranging from a few Kbits/s to a few
hundreds of KBits/s. Although it is expected to see continuous
improvements of hardware and software technologies, such devices will
likely continue to be seen as resource constrained devices compared
to computers and routers used in the Internet.
Flash memory: non-volatile memory that can be re-programmed.
FMS: Facility Management System. A global term applied across all
the vertical designations within a building including, Heating,
Ventilating, and Air Conditioning also referred to as HVAC, Fire,
Security, Lighting and Elevator control.
HART: "Highway Addressable Remote Transducer", a group of
specifications for industrial process and control devices
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administered by the HART Foundation (see [HART]). The latest version
for the specifications is HART7 which includes the additions for
WirelessHART.
HVAC: Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning. A term applied to
the comfort level of an internal space.
ISA: "International Society of Automation". ISA is an ANSI
accredited standards-making society. ISA100 is an ISA committee
whose charter includes defining a family of standards for industrial
automation. [ISA100.11a] is a working group within ISA100 that is
working on a standard for monitoring and non-critical process control
applications.
LAN: Local Area Network.
LBR: Low power and lossy network Border Router. The LBR is a device
that connects the Low power and Lossy Network to another routing
domain such as a Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN) or
the Internet where a possibly different routing protocol is in
operation. The LBR acts as a routing device and may possibly host
other functions such as data collector or aggregator.
LLN: Low power and Lossy networks (LLNs) are typically composed of
many embedded devices with limited power, memory, and processing
resources interconnected by a variety of links, such as IEEE 802.15.4
or Low Power WiFi. There is a wide scope of application areas for
LLNs, including industrial monitoring, building automation (HVAC,
lighting, access control, fire), connected home, healthcare,
environmental monitoring, urban sensor networks, energy management,
assets tracking and refrigeration..
MP2P: Multipoint-to-Point is used to describe a particular traffic
pattern (e.g. MP2P flows collecting information from many nodes
flowing inwards towards a collecting sink or an LBR).
MAC: Medium Access Control. Refers to algorithms and procedures used
by the data link layer to coordinate use of the physical layer.
Open Loop Control: A process whereby a plant operator manually
manipulates an actuator over the network where the decision is
influenced by information sensed by field devices.
PER: Packet Error Rate. A ratio of the number of unusable packets
(not received at all, or received in error- even after any applicable
error correction has been applied) to the total number of packets
that would have been been received in the absence of errors.
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P2P: Point To Point. This refers to traffic exchanged between two
nodes (regardless of the number of hops between the two nodes).
P2MP: Point-to-Multipoint traffic refers to traffic between one node
and a set of nodes. This is similar to the P2MP concept in Multicast
or MPLS Traffic Engineering ([RFC4461]and [RFC4875]). A common RPL
use case involves P2MP flows from or through a DAG root outward
towards other nodes contained in the DAG.
RAM: Random Access Memory. The RAM is a volatile memory.
RFID: Radio Frequency IDentification.
ROM: Read Only Memory.
ROLL: Routing Over Low power and Lossy networks.
Schedule: An agreed execution, wake-up, transmission, reception,
etc., time-table between two or more field devices.
Sensor: A sensor is a device that measures a physical quantity and
converts it to a analog or digital signal that can be read by a
program or a user. Sensed data can be of many types: electromagnetic
(e.g. current, voltage, power, resistance, ...) , mechanical (e.g.
pressure, flow, liquid density, humidity, ...), chemical (e.g.
oxygen, carbon monoxide, ...), acoustic (e.g. noise, ultrasound), ...
Smart Grid: A Smart Grid is a broad class of applications to network
and automate utility infrastructure.
Timeslot: A Timeslot is a fixed time interval that may be used for
the transmission or reception of a packet between two field devices.
A timeslot used for communications is associated with a slotted-link
Upstream: Data direction traveling from the LLN via the LBR to
outside of the LLN (LAN, WAN, Internet).
WAN: Wide Area Network.
3. IANA Considerations
This document includes no request for IANA action.
4. Security Considerations
Since this document specifies terminology and does not specify new
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procedure or protocols, it raises no new security issue.
5. Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Christian Jacquenet, Tim Winter,
Pieter De Mil and David Meyer for their valuable feed-back.
6. References
6.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
6.2. Informative References
[I-D.ietf-roll-building-routing-reqs]
Martocci, J., Riou, N., Mil, P., and W. Vermeylen,
"Building Automation Routing Requirements in Low Power and
Lossy Networks", draft-ietf-roll-building-routing-reqs-09
(work in progress), January 2010.
[I-D.ietf-roll-home-routing-reqs]
Brandt, A. and J. Buron, "Home Automation Routing
Requirements in Low Power and Lossy Networks",
draft-ietf-roll-home-routing-reqs-11 (work in progress),
January 2010.
[I-D.ietf-roll-indus-routing-reqs]
Networks, D., Thubert, P., Dwars, S., and T. Phinney,
"Industrial Routing Requirements in Low Power and Lossy
Networks", draft-ietf-roll-indus-routing-reqs-06 (work in
progress), June 2009.
[RFC4461] Yasukawa, S., "Signaling Requirements for Point-to-
Multipoint Traffic-Engineered MPLS Label Switched Paths
(LSPs)", RFC 4461, April 2006.
[RFC4875] Aggarwal, R., Papadimitriou, D., and S. Yasukawa,
"Extensions to Resource Reservation Protocol - Traffic
Engineering (RSVP-TE) for Point-to-Multipoint TE Label
Switched Paths (LSPs)", RFC 4875, May 2007.
[RFC5548] Dohler, M., Watteyne, T., Winter, T., and D. Barthel,
"Routing Requirements for Urban Low-Power and Lossy
Networks", RFC 5548, May 2009.
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Author's Address
JP Vasseur
Cisco Systems, Inc
1414 Massachusetts Avenue
Boxborough, MA 01719
USA
Email: jpv@cisco.com
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