Network Working Group R. Stewart
Internet-Draft Netflix, Inc.
Intended status: Standards Track M. Tuexen
Expires: September 10, 2015 Muenster Univ. of Appl. Sciences
S. Loreto
Ericsson
R. Seggelmann
T-Systems International GmbH
March 9, 2015
Stream Schedulers and User Message Interleaving for the Stream Control
Transmission Protocol
draft-ietf-tsvwg-sctp-ndata-03.txt
Abstract
The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a message oriented
transport protocol supporting arbitrary large user messages.
However, the sender can not interleave different user messages which
causes head of line blocking at the sender side. To overcome this
limitation, this document adds a new data chunk to SCTP.
Whenever an SCTP sender is allowed to send a user data, it can
possibly choose from multiple outgoing SCTP streams. Multiple ways
for this selection, called stream schedulers, are defined. Some of
them don't require the support of user message interleaving, some do.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on September 10, 2015.
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Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2015 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
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to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2. Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2. User Message Interleaving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1. The I-DATA Chunk supporting User Message Interleaving . . 4
2.2. Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2.1. Negotiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2.2. Sender Side Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2.3. Receiver Side Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3. Interaction with other SCTP Extensions . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3.1. SCTP Partial Reliability Extension . . . . . . . . . 7
2.3.2. SCTP Stream Reconfiguration Extension . . . . . . . . 7
3. Stream Schedulers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.1. Stream Scheduler without User Message Interleaving
Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.2. Stream Scheduler with User Message Interleaving Support . 7
4. Socket API Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.1. SCTP_ASSOC_CHANGE Notification . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.2. Socket Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.2.1. Enable or Disable the Support of User Message
Interleaving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.2.2. Get or Set the Stream Scheduler (SCTP_PLUGGABLE_SS) . 9
4.2.3. Get or Set the Stream Scheduler Parameter
(SCTP_SS_VALUE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
7. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
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1. Introduction
1.1. Overview
When SCTP [RFC4960] was initially designed it was mainly envisioned
for transport of small signaling messages. Late in the design stage
it was decided to add support for fragmentation and reassembly of
larger messages with the thought that someday Session Initiation
Protocol (SIP) [RFC3261] style signaling messages may also need to
use SCTP and a single MTU sized message would be too small.
Unfortunately this design decision, though valid at the time, did not
account for other applications which might send very large messages
over SCTP. When such large messages are now sent over SCTP a form of
sender side head of line blocking becomes created within the
protocol. This head of line blocking is caused by the use of the
Transmission Sequence Number (TSN) for two different purposes:
1. As an identifier for DATA chunks to provide a reliable transfer.
2. As an identifier for the sequence of fragments to allow
reassembly.
The protocol requires all fragments of a user message to have
consecutive TSNs. Therefore it is impossible for the sender to
interleave different user messages.
This document describes a new Data chunk called I-DATA. This chunk
incorporates all the flags and fields except the Stream Sequence
Number (SSN) and properties of the current SCTP Data chunk but also
adds two new fields in its chunk header, the Fragment Sequence Number
(FSN) and the Message Identifier (MID). Then the FSN is only used
for reassembling all fragments with the same MID and the TSN only for
the reliability. The MID is also used for ensuring ordered delivery,
therefore replacing the stream sequence number. Therefore, the head
of line blocking caused by the original design is avoided.
The support of the I-DATA chunk is negotiated during the association
setup using the Supported Extensions Parameter as defined in
[RFC5061]. If I-DATA support has been negotiated for an association
I-DATA chunks are used for all user-messages and no DATA chunks. It
should be noted, that an SCTP implementation needs to support the
coexistence of associations using DATA chunks and associations using
I-DATA chunks.
This document also defines several stream schedulers for general SCTP
associations. If I-DATA support has been negotiated, several more
schedulers are available.
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1.2. Conventions
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
2. User Message Interleaving
2.1. The I-DATA Chunk supporting User Message Interleaving
The following Figure 1 shows the new I-DATA chunk allowing user
messages interleaving.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type = 64 | Res |I|U|B|E| Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| TSN |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Stream Identifier | Reserved |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Message Identifier |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Payload Protocol Identifier / Fragment Sequence Number |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
\ \
/ User Data /
\ \
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 1: I-DATA chunk format
The only differences between the I-DATA chunk in Figure 1 and the
DATA chunk defined in [RFC4960] and [RFC7053] is the addition of the
new Message Identifier (MID) and Fragment Sequence Number (FSN) and
the removal of the Stream Sequence Number (SSN). However, the lower
16-bit of the MID can be used as the SSN if necessary. The length of
the I-DATA chunk header is 20 bytes, which is 4 bytes more than the
length of the DATA chunk header defined in [RFC4960].
Reserved: 16 bits (unsigned integer)
This field is reserved. It SHOULD be set to 0 by the sender and
ignored by the receiver.
Message Identifier (MID): 32 bits (unsigned integer)
The MID is the same for all fragments of a user message, it is
used to determine which fragments (enumerated by the FSN) belong
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to the same user message. For ordered user messages, the MID is
also used by the SCTP receiver to deliver the user messages in the
correct order to the upper layer (similar to the SSN of the DATA
chunk defined in [RFC4960]). The sender uses two counters, one
for ordered messages, one for unordered messages, for each
outgoing streams. All counters are independent and initially 0.
They are incremented by 1 for each user message. Please note that
the serial number arithmetic defined in [RFC1982] using
SERIAL_BITS = 32 applies. Therefore the sender MUST NOT have more
than 2**31 - 1 ordered messages for each outgoing stream in flight
and MUST NOT have more than 2**31 - 1 unordered messages for each
outgoing stream in flight. For ordered user messages, the lower
16 bit of the MID can be used as a SSN if required. Please note
that the MID is in "network byte order", a.k.a. Big Endian.
Payload Protocol Identifier (PPID) / Fragment Sequence Number (FSN):
32 bits (unsigned integer)
If the B bit is set, this field contains the PPID of the user
message. In this case the FSN is implicitly considered to be 0.
If the B bit is not set, this field contains the FSN. The FSN is
used to enumerate all fragments of a single user message, starting
from 0 and incremented by 1. The last fragment of a message MUST
have the 'E' bit set. Note that the FSN MAY wrap completely
multiple times allowing arbitrary large user messages. For the
FSN the serial number arithmetic defined in [RFC1982] applies with
SERIAL_BITS = 32. Therefore a sender MUST NOT have more than
2**31 - 1 fragments of a single user message in flight. Please
note that the FSN is in "network byte order", a.k.a. Big Endian.
2.2. Procedures
This subsection describes how the support of the I-DATA chunk is
negotiated and how the I-DATA chunk is used by the sender and
receiver.
2.2.1. Negotiation
A sender MUST NOT send a I-DATA chunk unless both peers have
indicated its support of the I-DATA chunk type within the Supported
Extensions Parameter as defined in [RFC5061]. If I-DATA support has
been negotiated on an association, I-DATA chunks MUST be used for all
user messages and DATA-chunk MUST NOT be used. If I-DATA support has
not been negotiated on an association, DATA chunks MUST be used for
all user messages and I-DATA chunks MUST NOT be used.
A sender MUST NOT use the I-DATA chunk unless the user has requested
that use (e.g. via the socket API, see Section 4). This constraint
is made since usage of this chunk requires that the application be
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willing to interleave messages upon reception within an association.
This is not the default choice within the socket API (see [RFC6458])
thus the user MUST indicate support to the protocol of the reception
of completely interleaved messages. Note that for stacks that do not
implement [RFC6458] they may use other methods to indicate
interleaved message support and thus enable the usage of the I-DATA
chunk, the key is that the the stack MUST know the application has
indicated its choice in wanting to use the extension.
2.2.2. Sender Side Considerations
Sender side usage of the I-DATA chunk is quite simple. Instead of
using the TSN for fragmentation purposes, the sender uses the new FSN
field to indicate which fragment number is being sent. The first
fragment MUST have the 'B' bit set. The last fragment MUST have the
'E' bit set. All other fragments MUST NOT have the 'B' or 'E' bit
set. All other properties of the existing SCTP DATA chunk also apply
to the I-DATA chunk, i.e. congestion control as well as receiver
window conditions MUST be observed as defined in [RFC4960].
Note that the usage of this chunk should also imply late binding of
the actual TSN to any chunk being sent. This way other messages from
other streams may be interleaved with the fragmented message.
The sender MUST NOT have more than one ordered fragmented message
being produced in any one stream. The sender MUST NOT have more than
one un-ordered fragmented message being produced in any one stream.
The sender MAY have one ordered and one unordered fragmented message
being produced within a single stream. At any time multiple streams
MAY be producing an ordered or unordered fragmented message.
2.2.3. Receiver Side Considerations
Upon reception of an SCTP packet containing a I-DATA chunk if the
message needs to be reassembled, then the receiver MUST use the FSN
for reassembly of the message and not the TSN. Note that a non-
fragmented messages is indicated by the fact that both the 'E' and
'B' bits are set. An ordered or unordered fragmented message is thus
identified with any message not having both bits set.
2.3. Interaction with other SCTP Extensions
The usage of the I-DATA chunk might interfere with other SCTP
extensions. Future SCTP extensions MUST describe if and how they
interfere with the usage of I-DATA chunks. For the SCTP extensions
already defined when this document was published, the details are
given in the following subsections.
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2.3.1. SCTP Partial Reliability Extension
When the SCTP extension defined in [RFC3758] is used, the lower 16
bits of the MID counters for ordered messages MUST be used when
filling the SSNs in the FORWARD-TSN chunk.
2.3.2. SCTP Stream Reconfiguration Extension
When an association resets the SSN using the SCTP extension defined
in [RFC6525], the two counters (one for the ordered messages, one for
the unordered messages) used for the MID MUST be reset to 0
correspondingly.
3. Stream Schedulers
3.1. Stream Scheduler without User Message Interleaving Support
TBD.
3.2. Stream Scheduler with User Message Interleaving Support
TBD.
4. Socket API Considerations
This section describes how the socket API defined in [RFC6458] is
extended to allow applications to use the extension described in this
document.
Please note that this section is informational only.
4.1. SCTP_ASSOC_CHANGE Notification
When an SCTP_ASSOC_CHANGE notification is delivered indicating a
sac_state of SCTP_COMM_UP or SCTP_RESTART for an SCTP association
where both peers support the I_DATA chunk,
SCTP_ASSOC_SUPPORTS_INTERLEAVING should be listen in the sac_info
field.
4.2. Socket Options
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+-----------------------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+
| option name | data type | get | set |
+-----------------------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+
| SCTP_INTERLEAVING_SUPPORTED | struct sctp_assoc_value | X | X |
| SCTP_PLUGGABLE_SS | struct sctp_assoc_value | X | X |
| SCTP_SS_VALUE | struct | X | X |
| | sctp_stream_value | | |
+-----------------------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+
4.2.1. Enable or Disable the Support of User Message Interleaving
This socket option allows the enabling or disabling of the
negotiation of user message interleaving support for future
associations. For existing associations it allows to query whether
user message interleaving support was negotiated or not on a
particular association.
User message interleaving is disabled per default.
This socket option uses IPPROTO_SCTP as its level and
SCTP_INTERLEAVING_SUPPORTED as its name. It can be used with
getsockopt() and setsockopt(). The socket option value uses the
following structure defined in [RFC6458]:
struct sctp_assoc_value {
sctp_assoc_t assoc_id;
uint32_t assoc_value;
};
assoc_id: This parameter is ignored for one-to-one style sockets.
For one-to-many style sockets, this parameter indicates upon which
association the user is performing an action. The special
sctp_assoc_t SCTP_FUTURE_ASSOC can also be used, it is an error to
use SCTP_{CURRENT|ALL}_ASSOC in assoc_id.
assoc_value: A non-zero value encodes the enabling of user message
interleaving whereas a value of 0 encodes the disabling of user
message interleaving.
sctp_opt_info() needs to be extended to support
SCTP_INTERLEAVING_SUPPORTED.
An application using user message interleaving should also set the
fragment interleave level to 2. This allows the reception from
multiple streams simultaneously. Failure to set this option can
possibly lead to application deadlock.
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4.2.2. Get or Set the Stream Scheduler (SCTP_PLUGGABLE_SS)
A stream scheduler can be selected with the SCTP_PLUGGABLE_SS option
for setsockopt(). The struct sctp_assoc_value is used to specify the
association for which the scheduler should be changed and the value
of the desired algorithm.
The definition of struct sctp_assoc_value is the same as in
[RFC6458]:
struct sctp_assoc_value {
sctp_assoc_t assoc_id;
uint32_t assoc_value;
};
assoc_id: Holds the identifier for the association of which the
scheduler should be changed. The special
SCTP_{FUTURE|CURRENT|ALL}_ASSOC can also be used. This parameter
is ignored for one-to-one style sockets.
assoc_value: This specifies which scheduler is used. The following
constants can be used:
SCTP_SS_DEFAULT: The default scheduler used by the SCTP
implementation. Typical values are SCTP_SS_ROUND_ROBIN or
SCTP_SS_FIRST_COME.
SCTP_SS_ROUND_ROBIN: This scheduler provides a fair scheduling
based on the number of user messages by cycling around non-
empty stream queues.
SCTP_SS_ROUND_ROBIN_PACKET: This is a round-robin scheduler but
only bundles user messages of the same stream in one packet.
This minimizes head-of-line blocking when a packet is lost
because only a single stream is affected.
SCTP_SS_PRIORITY: Scheduling with different priorities is used.
Streams having a higher priority will be scheduled first and
when multiple streams have the same priority, the default
scheduling should be used for them. The priority can be
assigned with the sctp_stream_value struct. The higher the
assigned value, the lower the priority, that is the default
value 0 is the highest priority and therefore the default
scheduling will be used if no priorities have been assigned.
SCTP_SS_FAIR_BANDWITH: A fair bandwidth distribution between the
streams can be activated using this value. This scheduler
considers the lengths of the messages of each stream and
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schedules them in a certain way to maintain an equal bandwidth
for all streams.
SCTP_SS_WEIGHTED_ROUND_ROBIN: A weighted round robin distribution
between the streams can be activated using this value. This
scheduler considers the lengths of the messages of each stream
and schedules them in a certain way to use the bandwidth
according to the given weights.
SCTP_SS_FIRST_COME: The simple first-come, first-serve algorithm
is selected by using this value. It just passes through the
messages in the order in which they have been delivered by the
application. No modification of the order is done at all.
4.2.3. Get or Set the Stream Scheduler Parameter (SCTP_SS_VALUE)
Some schedulers require additional information to be set for single
streams as shown in the following table:
+----------------------+-----------------+
| name | per stream info |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| SCTP_SS_DEFAULT | no |
| SCTP_SS_RR | no |
| SCTP_SS_RR_INTER | no |
| SCTP_SS_RR_PKT | no |
| SCTP_SS_RR_PKT_INTER | no |
| SCTP_SS_PRIO | yes |
| SCTP_SS_PRIO_INTER | yes |
| SCTP_SS_FB | no |
| SCTP_SS_FB_INTER | no |
| SCTP_SS_WRR | yes |
| SCTP_SS_WRR_INTER | yes |
| SCTP_SS_FCFS | no |
+----------------------+-----------------+
This is achieved with the SCTP_SS_VALUE option and the corresponding
struct sctp_stream_value. The definition of struct sctp_stream_value
is as follows:
struct sctp_stream_value {
sctp_assoc_t assoc_id;
uint16_t stream_id;
uint16_t stream_value;
};
assoc_id: Holds the identifier for the association of which the
scheduler should be changed. The special
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SCTP_{FUTURE|CURRENT|ALL}_ASSOC can also be used. This parameter
is ignored for one-to-one style sockets.
stream_id: Holds the stream id for the stream for which additional
information has to be provided.
stream_value: The meaning of this field depends on the scheduler
specified. It is ignored when the scheduler does not need
additional information.
5. IANA Considerations
[NOTE to RFC-Editor:
"RFCXXXX" is to be replaced by the RFC number you assign this
document.
]
[NOTE to RFC-Editor:
The suggested values for the chunk type and the chunk flags are
tentative and to be confirmed by IANA.
]
This document (RFCXXXX) is the reference for all registrations
described in this section.
A new chunk type has to be assigned by IANA. IANA should assign this
value from the pool of chunks with the upper two bits set to '01'.
This requires an additional line in the "Chunk Types" registry for
SCTP:
+----------+-------------------------+-----------+
| ID Value | Chunk Type | Reference |
+----------+-------------------------+-----------+
| 64 | New DATA chunk (I-DATA) | [RFCXXXX] |
+----------+-------------------------+-----------+
The registration table as defined in [RFC6096] for the chunk flags of
this chunk type is initially given by the following table:
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+------------------+-----------------+-----------+
| Chunk Flag Value | Chunk Flag Name | Reference |
+------------------+-----------------+-----------+
| 0x01 | E bit | [RFCXXXX] |
| 0x02 | B bit | [RFCXXXX] |
| 0x04 | U bit | [RFCXXXX] |
| 0x08 | I bit | [RFCXXXX] |
| 0x10 | Unassigned | |
| 0x20 | Unassigned | |
| 0x40 | Unassigned | |
| 0x80 | Unassigned | |
+------------------+-----------------+-----------+
6. Security Considerations
This document does not add any additional security considerations in
addition to the ones given in [RFC4960] and [RFC6458].
7. Acknowledgments
The authors wish to thank Christer Holmberg, Karen E. Egede Nielsen,
Irene Ruengeler, and Lixia Zhang for her invaluable comments.
8. References
8.1. Normative References
[RFC1982] Elz, R. and R. Bush, "Serial Number Arithmetic", RFC 1982,
August 1996.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC3758] Stewart, R., Ramalho, M., Xie, Q., Tuexen, M., and P.
Conrad, "Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)
Partial Reliability Extension", RFC 3758, May 2004.
[RFC4960] Stewart, R., "Stream Control Transmission Protocol", RFC
4960, September 2007.
[RFC5061] Stewart, R., Xie, Q., Tuexen, M., Maruyama, S., and M.
Kozuka, "Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)
Dynamic Address Reconfiguration", RFC 5061, September
2007.
[RFC6096] Tuexen, M. and R. Stewart, "Stream Control Transmission
Protocol (SCTP) Chunk Flags Registration", RFC 6096,
January 2011.
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[RFC6525] Stewart, R., Tuexen, M., and P. Lei, "Stream Control
Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Stream Reconfiguration", RFC
6525, February 2012.
[RFC7053] Tuexen, M., Ruengeler, I., and R. Stewart, "SACK-
IMMEDIATELY Extension for the Stream Control Transmission
Protocol", RFC 7053, November 2013.
8.2. Informative References
[RFC3261] Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G., Johnston,
A., Peterson, J., Sparks, R., Handley, M., and E.
Schooler, "SIP: Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 3261,
June 2002.
[RFC6458] Stewart, R., Tuexen, M., Poon, K., Lei, P., and V.
Yasevich, "Sockets API Extensions for the Stream Control
Transmission Protocol (SCTP)", RFC 6458, December 2011.
Authors' Addresses
Randall R. Stewart
Netflix, Inc.
Chapin, SC 29036
US
Email: randall@lakerest.net
Michael Tuexen
Muenster University of Applied Sciences
Stegerwaldstrasse 39
48565 Steinfurt
DE
Email: tuexen@fh-muenster.de
Salvatore Loreto
Ericsson
Hirsalantie 11
Jorvas 02420
FI
Email: Salvatore.Loreto@ericsson.com
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Robin Seggelmann
T-Systems International GmbH
Fasanenweg 5
70771 Leinfelden-Echterdingen
DE
Email: rfc@robin-seggelmann.com
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