Network Working Group                                            Y. Liu
Internet-Draft                                             China Mobile
Intended status: Informational                                  T. Graf
Expires: 25 March 2026                                         Swisscom
                                                              Z. Miklos
                                                                    MTN
                                                           L. Contreras
                                                             Telefonica
                                                             N. Leymann
                                                       Deutsche Telekom
                                                      25 September 2025

               SRv6 Deployment and Operation Problem Summary
                   draft-liu-srv6ops-problem-summary-06


Abstract

   This document aims to provide a concise overview of the common
   problems encountered during SRv6 deployment and operation, which
   provides foundations for further work, including for example of
   potential solutions and best practices to navigate deployment.

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that
   other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-
   Drafts.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six
   months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents
   at any time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as
   reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt

   The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html

   This Internet-Draft will expire on March 25, 2026.







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Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2025 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors. All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document. Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with
   respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this
   document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in
   Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without
   warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents


   1. Introduction.....................................................3
      1.1. Requirements Language.......................................3
   2. SRv6 Network Migration...........................................3
      2.1. SRv6 Migration from MPLS Networks...........................3
      2.2. SRv6 Inter-Domain Connectivity..............................5
   3. SRv6 Network Visualization.......................................6
      3.1. SRv6 Path Performance Visibility............................6
      3.2. Multi-source Data Troubleshooting...........................7
   4. SRv6 Address Planning............................................8
   5. Traffic steering to SRv6.........................................9
   6. Deployment Practice for SRv6 Protection.........................10
   7. Challenges of Different Network Types...........................11
      7.1. Data Center Networks.......................................11
      7.2. Campus Networks............................................12
   8. Security Considerations.........................................13
   9. References......................................................13
      9.1. Normative References.......................................13
      9.2. Informative References.....................................14
   10. Appendix: Possible Missing DOPs for Future Consideration.......14
   Contributors.......................................................16
   Authors' Addresses.................................................17










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1. Introduction

   Segment Routing over IPv6 (SRv6) is a new technology that builds
   upon the existing IPv6 infrastructure to offer programmable data
   plane capabilities.  This allows for more granular control over
   traffic forwarding, enabling flexible and scalable network designs.
   While SRv6 presents numerous potential benefits, such as improved
   traffic engineering, optimized resource utilization, its deployment
   and operation come with certain challenges.

   This document aims to provide a concise overview of the common
   problems encountered during SRv6 deployments and operations, which
   provides foundations for further work, including for example
   potential solutions and best practices to navigate deployment . By
   understanding these challenges and exploring mitigation strategies,
   network administrators can make informed decisions when implementing
   and managing SRv6 networks.

   This document identifies a number of Deployment and Operation
   Problems (DOPs) that require additional work within IETF.

1.1. Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
   BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

2. SRv6 Network Migration

2.1. SRv6 Migration from MPLS Networks

   In the evolution from non-SRv6 networks to SRv6 networks, the
   migration from MPLS to SRv6 represents the most typical and common
   scenario. This process requires addressing the following key
   challenges:

    Ensuring interoperability between MPLS and SRv6 during the
     transition.
    Avoiding service interruptions to existing VPN services.
    Supporting smooth migration paths with minimal deployment and
     operational complexity.



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                            +------P1----PE2
                            | ...........>|
                            | :   MPLS    |
                            PE1           |
                            | :   SRv6    |
                            | ...........>|
                            +-----P2----PE3

               Figure 1: Intra-domain SRv6&MPLS Coexistence

   SRv6 and MPLS Coexistence means a network that supports both SRv6
   and MPLS in a given domain.  This may be a transient state when
   brownfield MPLS network upgrades to SRv6 or permanent state when
   some devices are not capable of SRv6 but supports native IPv6 and
   MPLS. A smooth transition from an MPLS network to an SRv6 network is
   required. For instance, deploy dual-stack tunnels for VPN over MPLS
   and VPN over SRv6, with MPLS and SRv6 sharing VPN instances. When
   the next hop of the route is an IPv4 address, iterate through the
   MPLS tunnel; when the next hop is an IPv6 address, iterate through
   the SRv6 tunnel. Prefer VPN routes based on SRv6. Once the
   transition is complete, the MPLS tunnel can be removed. When
   operating both MPLS and SRv6 concurrently, key considerations arise
   regarding how to ensure effective protection during failures, as
   well as how to manage the increased complexity of performance
   monitoring and optimization deployment. So it becomes critical to
   address methods for reducing the complexities associated with
   deployment and operational maintenance.

     +-----P1------+-----P3------+-----P5------+-----P7------+
       |             |             |             |             |
       |             |             |             |             |
      PE1           ABR           ABR           ABR           PE2
       |             |             |             |             |
       |             |             |             |             |
       +-----P2------+-----P4------+-----P6------+-----P8------+

     <....SRv6....><.....MPLS....><....SRv6....><.....MPLS....>
     <.....................EVPN/L2VPN/L3VPN...................>


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               Figure 2: Inter-domain SRv6&MPLS Coexistence

   Ensuring seamless interworking between legacy MPLS networks and
   newly deployed SRv6 networks in long-term coexistence scenarios
   presents significant challenges, particularly in multi-domain
   architectures where each domain operates independent IGP instances
   and employs a single data plane type for both overlay and underlay.
   The potential cascading of MPLS and SRv6 domains introduces
   complexities in guaranteeing end-to-end path quality requirements
   such as latency, bandwidth, and reliability when traffic traverses
   these heterogeneous data planes. Additionally, achieving rapid end-
   to-end path convergence during failures requires robust mechanisms,
   especially when edge nodes must perform route regeneration and re-
   advertisement functions between different address families like EVPN
   and VPNv4 or VPNv6, while minimizing operational complexity and
   maintaining consistent service levels across such hybrid
   infrastructures remains a critical operational concern.

   DOP-1: How to smoothly migrate from existing MPLS networks to SRv6
   while ensuring service continuity, interoperability and minimizing
   deployment complexity.

2.2. SRv6 Inter-Domain Connectivity

   In some cases, SRv6 networks need to extend across multiple domains,
   including third-party or legacy networks that may not natively
   support SRv6 or even IPv6. This inter-domain scenario introduces new
   requirements and challenges:

    Ensuring SRv6-based services can traverse domains where native
     SRv6 or IPv6 is not supported.
    Reducing complexity compared to traditional MPLS-based inter-
     domain solutions.
    Improving scalability and operational simplicity for service
     providers.

     +-----P1------+-----P3------+-----P5------+-----P7------+
       |             |             |             |             |
       |             |             |             |             |
      PE1           ABR           ABR           ABR           PE2


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       |             |             |             |             |
       |             |             |             |             |
       +-----P2------+-----P4------+-----P6------+-----P8------+

     <...........................SRv6........................>

                 Figure 3: Inter-domain SRv6 End to End


   When migrating from BGP/MPLS VPN [RFC4364] inter-domain solutions
   (Option A/B/C) to SRv6-based architectures, several operational and
   technical challenges emerge. For Option A, back-to-back VRFs require
   complex interface-level configurations that conflict with end-to-end
   service paradigm of SRv6. For Option B, the stateful inter-AS label
   mapping mechanisms become redundant when transitioning to the source
   routing model of SRv6, creating protocol coexistence issues during
   migration. For Option C, recursive label stacking proves
   incompatible with SRv6 end to end service, necessitating Autonomous
   System Border Router(ASBR) functionality redesign. Additional
   challenges include maintaining service continuity during phased
   migration, retraining operational staff for SRv6 troubleshooting,
   and achieving consistent traffic engineering across hybrid MPLS-SRv6
   domains. The IPv6 infrastructure readiness gap-particularly
   regarding MTU management and ICMPv6 processing-further complicates
   deployment, while the OAM mechanisms for inter-domain SRv6
   operations in fault detection and performance monitoring are also
   facing challenges.

   DOP-2: How to achieve scalable and simplified end-to-end inter-
   domain communication using SRv6, overcoming the limitations of
   traditional MPLS-based solutions.

3. SRv6 Network Visualization

3.1. SRv6 Path Performance Visibility

   The existing IETF data collection frameworks can be applied to SRv6
   for both data plane and control plane monitoring, but currently lack
   critical capabilities for measuring SRv6-specific path performance
   metrics and granular traffic statistics. This significant visibility
   gap fundamentally limits the ability to conduct meaningful SRv6
   network analysis, either making it completely impossible or severely
   compromising its effectiveness-particularly for use cases such as:


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    Network delay and packet loss measurement: In scenarios where an
     SRv6 path traverses multiple network segments (e.g., edge,
     aggregation, core network), current monitoring tools are unable to
     provide accurate per network segment and end-to-end delay or
     packet loss data.
    End-to-end path reconstruction: Traditional network monitoring
     only provides hop-by-hop metrics visualization, which offers
     limited capabilities for end-to-end SRv6 path optimization and
     adjustment. Simply combining per-hop metrics does not accurately
     reflect the actual performance of the overall path, and thus fails
     to provide effective support for SRv6 path re-optimization.

   These issues make service path validation, traffic forecasting, and
   microsecond-level troubleshooting challenging in SRv6 networks.

   DOP-3: The collection of SRv6-specific path performance data is
   incomplete and inefficient, limiting end-to-end visibility of SRv6
   service paths and making it difficult to validate and optimize
   performance.

3.2. Multi-source Data Troubleshooting

   In network fault management, a key challenge lies in the inability
   to automatically correlate information from multiple monitoring
   sources such as BGP Monitoring Protocol(BMP), Internet Protocol Flow
   Information Export(IPFIX), and YANG-push. Currently, when a failure
   occurs, operators only can manually collect and interpret data from
   these isolated systems to identify the root cause. For example, in
   the case of an SRv6 service interruption:

    BMP can report report routing instability or BGP session changes;
    IPFIX could indicate abnormal traffic drops for specific SRv6
     paths or segments;
    YANG-push can show abnormal resource utilization or interface
     errors from device telemetry statistics.

   Although each traffic provides valuable insights, the absence of a
   unified correlation mechanism or common data model requires manual
   cross-referencing and time-consuming analysis. This lack of

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   automated correlation significantly delays fault detection,
   diagnosis, and service recovery. Furthermore, the diversity of data
   models and semantic differences in SRv6-related telemetry create
   additional integration barriers.

   Most current tools are unable to effectively aggregate, interpret,
   and present multi-source SRv6 data in a consistent and actionable
   manner, which further impacts operational efficiency and network
   reliability.

   DOP-4 Multi-source network data (BMP, IPFIX, YANG, etc.) lacks
   automatic correlation and integration, complicating SRv6 network
   operation and fault analysis, and leading to delays in
   troubleshooting and recovery.

4. SRv6 Address Planning

   Existing IPv6 address planning are primarily based on network types
   and hierarchical administrative divisions. While effective for
   traditional IPv6 deployment, such approaches are insufficient to
   meet the requirements of SRv6 Segment Identifier(SID) allocation,
   especially in the context of advanced capabilities such as SRv6
   compression. If SRv6 SID planning simply inherits the conventional
   IPv6 structure, it may lead to a fragmented SID space, complicating
   end-to-end segment routing. On the other hand, deviating entirely
   from the existing addressing scheme introduces significant
   complexities in address management and operational consistency.

   In multi-domain networks, high levels of route aggregation are
   desirable for efficient SRv6 compression. However, this objective
   often conflicts with existing IPv6 address planning that are
   organized along administrative boundaries. Consequently, a
   rethinking of SRv6 address planning is necessary to align
   compression benefits with scalable network design. Strategic
   allocation of SRv6 SID blocks must holistically consider both
   administrative division management and route aggregation
   requirements. Similarly, the distribution of NodeIDs and functions
   should balance administrative practicality with optimal address
   space utilization within the SRv6 architecture.

   Some initial approaches and considerations for structured SRv6 SID
   assignment can be found in [I-D.liu-srv6ops-sid-address-assignment],
   which provides a foundation for further standardization and
   operational practices.

   DOP-4: Exisiting IPv6 address planning methods are insufficient to
   accommodate the structural requirements of SRv6 SIDs. The inherent
   complexity introduced by the SID architecture extends beyond

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   conventional IPv6 addressing, complicating overall network planning
   and integration.

   DOP-5: In inter-domain deployment environments, SRv6 SID allocation
   poses challenges such as inefficient utilization of address space,
   impediments to route aggregation, and inconsistent compression
   performance, which may undermine the efficiency gains promised by
   SRv6.



5. Traffic steering to SRv6

   The general purpose of traffic steering is to optimize the
   allocation and transmission of network resources, ensure a balanced
   distribution of network traffic, improve network performance, reduce
   congestion, and increase available bandwidth to provide users with a
   better network experience.

   In SRv6-enabled networks, traffic steering plays a critical role,
   especially in realizing advanced use cases such as service function
   chaining, traffic engineering, and end-to-end SLA assurance.
   However, steering traffic to SRv6 paths introduces unique
   challenges, as SRv6 supports a wide range of encapsulation and
   policy mechanisms, and these choices greatly affect deployment
   flexibility, operational complexity, and optimization capabilities.

   There are various SRv6 traffic steering methods, each with its own
   unique advantages and limitations. For example:

    Using BGP color community-based policy may fail to provide
     sufficient granularity or flexibility for dynamic adjustment in
     some enterprise scenarios.
    Using flow-based steering such as flowspec may become infeasible
     when facing a large number of flows, as maintaining per-flow
     granularity overwhelms the control plane and devices.

   Therefore, it is essential to select the appropriate SRv6 traffic
   steering mechanism based on the specific application scenario. Some
   initial technical considerations can refer to [I-D.geng-srv6ops-
   traffic-steering-to-srv6].

   When selecting network traffic steering methods, factors such as
   network architecture, service requirements, resource constraints,

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   and operational costs must be comprehensively considered, and the
   selection logic varies significantly across different hierarchy
   nodes. For example, delay-sensitive and bandwidth-intensive
   scenarios have different requirements for traffic steering methods.
   Moreover, strategies for selecting traffic steering methods differ
   depending on network scale. Finally, operational complexity varies
   with different steering methods, influencing operational
   requirements.

   DOP-6 There are various methods for SRv6 traffic steering, making it
   difficult to select the appropriate method for different scenarios.
   This leads to deployment complexity, especially when the chosen
   method does not meet the requirements of granularity, scalability,
   or operational ease. For example, using a simple color-based policy
   may not support fine-grained tuning, and flowspec-based approaches
   may not scale in high-flow-volume environments.

6. Deployment Practice for SRv6 Protection

   Implementing reliability practices can significantly enhance the
   stability and performance of networks based on SRv6. Network
   failures are inevitable in the real world. Reliability practices can
   help network engineers quickly identify, isolate, and fix faults,
   thus minimizing impact on services.

   In summary, the necessity of SRv6 reliability practices is evident
   in several aspects, including improving network stability and
   performance, enhancing fault handling capabilities, ensuring
   security, improving compatibility and interoperability, optimizing
   management and monitoring, and enhancing deployment experience.

   SRv6 offers multiple protection mechanisms, with different
   applications requiring different protection requirements. It is
   challenging to select the most suitable protection mechanism, or a
   combination of mechanisms. When multiple protection mechanisms
   coexist, achieving the desired protection outcome becomes difficult,
   and there is a lack of effective coordination methods. Some initial
   work could refer to [I-D.liu-srv6ops-sr-protection].










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                2      1      2      1                3
            P------P------P------P------P------P------PE
          / | \  / |      | \  / |      | \  / | \  / | \
         /  |  \/  |      |  \/  |      |  \/  |  \/  |  \
   CE1--PE  |  /\  |      |  /\  |      |  /\  |  /\  |   CE2
         \  | /  \ |      | /  \ |      | /  \ | /  \ |  /
          \ |/    \|      |/    \|      |/    \|/    \| /
            P------P------P------P------P------P------PE
               AS1           AS2              AS3


            Figure 4: SRv6 Protection Deployment and Networking

   Protection includes path protection, intermediate node protection,
   and service protection, which require different deployment
   strategies based on their locations. Protection strategies vary for
   nodes at different locations: for instance, location 1 involves
   inter-domain link protection, location 2 intra-domain link
   protection, and location 3 tail node protection.

   The selection of path protection strategies also requires
   consideration of factors such as network architecture, service
   requirements, resource constraints, and operation expenditure.

   DOP-7 SRv6 provides diverse protection mechanisms, but selecting
   optimal solutions for specific applications remains challenging,
   especially when coordinating multiple coexisting mechanisms
   effectively.

7. Challenges of Different Network Types

   SRv6 deployment faces various challenges across different network
   environments, including not only carrier networks but also data
   centers and campus networks. Due to the diversity of network
   architectures, traffic patterns, and legacy protocol dependencies,
   it is difficult to apply a single deployment guideline that meets
   the unique requirements of each environment.

7.1. Data Center Networks

   In large-scale data centers, which commonly adopt Clos (Spine-Leaf)
   architectures, SRv6 introduces specific challenges:

    The architecture relies heavily on Equal-Cost Multi-Path (ECMP)
     forwarding for traffic balance. SRv6 traffic steering mechanisms,



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     such as explicit path control or policy-based routing, must be
     compatible with ECMP to avoid uneven traffic distribution.
    Data centers typically have strict latency and throughput
     requirements. The SRv6 header overhead may impact overall
     performance and reduce effective MTU, especially in scenarios with
     high-throughput workloads.
    Given the massive scale of data centers, there is a strong
     requirement for automatic SRv6 deployment, streamlined service
     provisioning, and simplified OAM, to reduce configuration errors
     and operational burdens.

7.2. Campus Networks

   Campus networks present another set of SRv6 deployment challenges,
   largely driven by the coexistence with traditional technologies and
   operational constraints:

    Existing campus networks often rely on legacy protocols such as
     OSPF, VLAN, or other Layer 2 technologies. Integrating SRv6
     requires careful consideration of protocol migration strategies or
     long-term coexistence mechanisms.
    Many campus edge devices and terminals are still IPv4-only,
     leading to issues during the IPv4-to-IPv6 transition. SRv6
     deployment must accommodate dual-stack operation or translation
     mechanisms.
    SRv6 introduces source routing capabilities, which, if improperly
     secured, can become new attack surfaces. Enhanced security
     mechanisms, such as policy validation and access control, are
     essential.
    Similar to data centers, automated deployment and monitoring tools
     are needed to reduce manual intervention, simplify SRv6
     operations, and improve service assurance in campus environments.

   For instance, in the power grid, SRv6 is expected to provide Quality
   of Service (QoS) guarantees, performance optimization, and other

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   specialized features to meet stringent reliability and determinism
   requirements based on the characteristics of power applications.

   DOP-8 It is difficult to apply a single deployment guideline to meet
   the diverse SRv6 requirements of different network types.

   Data centers and campus networks each introduce unique constraints,
   such as ECMP compatibility, performance sensitivity, legacy protocol
   coordination, IPv4/IPv6 transition, and operational security, all of
   which must be carefully addressed to enable successful SRv6
   adoption.

8. Security Considerations

   This document does not introduce additional security concerns.  It
   does not change the security properties of SRv6.  For general SRv6
   security considerations, see [I-D.ietf-spring-srv6-security].

9. References

9.1. Normative References

   [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
             Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
             2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, May 2017

   [RFC4364] E. Rosen and Y. Rekhter, "BGP/MPLS IP Virtual Private
             Networks (VPNs)", RFC 4364, February 2006

   [I-D.liu-srv6ops-sid-address-assignment] Y. Liu and Y. Zhu, "IPv6
             Address Assignment for SRv6", Expired, Internet-Draft,
             draft-liu-srv6ops-sid-address-assignment-01, 25 February
             2025,  <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-liu-
             srv6ops-sid-address-assignment-01>.

   [I-D.geng-srv6ops-traffic-steering-to-srv6] G. Geng, Y. Liu, C. Xie
             and C. Lin, "Best practices for traffic steering to SRv6",
             Expired, Internet-Draft, draft-geng-srv6ops-traffic-
             steering-to-srv6-00, 4 March 2024,
             <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-geng-srv6ops-
             traffic-steering-to-srv6-00>.






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   [I-D.liu-srv6ops-sr-protection] Y. Liu, W. Jiang, C. Lin, X. Geng
             and Y. Liu, "Operational Guidance for Protection
             mechanisms in SRv6 Networks", Work in Progress, Internet-
             Draft, draft-liu-srv6ops-sr-protection-03, 20 March 2025,
             <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-liu-srv6ops-
             sr-protection-03>.

   [I-D.ietf-spring-srv6-security] N. Buraglio, T. Mizrahi, T. Tong, L.
             M. Contreras and F. Gont,  "Segment Routing IPv6 Security
             Considerations", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-
             ietf-spring-srv6-security-07, 18 September 2025,
             <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-spring-
             srv6-security-07>.



9.2. Informative References

   [I-D.ietf-spring-srv6-mpls-interworking] S. Agrawal, C. Filsfils, D.
             Voyer, G. Dawra, Z. Li and S. Hegde, "SRv6 and MPLS
             interworking", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-
             ietf-spring-srv6-mpls-interworking-01, 7 July 2025,
             <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-spring-
             srv6-mpls-interworking-01>.

10. Appendix: Possible Missing DOPs for Future Consideration

   The following are potential SRv6-specific operational challenges
   (DOPs) that are currently not covered in the main sections, but may
   be important for future study and discussion:

    DOP-X1: Compression-related operational issues: Header compression
     (e.g., NEXT-CSID/REPLACE-CSID) introduces challenges in parsing,
     interoperability, and troubleshooting.
    DOP-X2: Operational issues related to network programmability:
     Programmable SRv6 behaviors increase complexity in validation,
     consistency, and rollback.
    DOP-X3: SID structure and management issues: Ambiguities in
     locator/function/arguments structure affect policy enforcement,
     summarization, and domain boundary handling.




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    DOP-X4: SRv6-specific control plane issues: Includes SRv6 SID
     advertisement errors, SR Policy lifecycle handling, and multi-
     vendor feature inconsistencies.
    DOP-X5: IPv6 fragmentation handling: SRv6 header size may cause
     MTU issues, requiring additional operational methods for
     fragmentation detection and mitigation.
    DOP-X6: Route summarization trade-offs: Locator-based
     summarization may impact visibility, path granularity, and fault
     localization.
    DOP-X7: Common DOPs shared with SR-MPLS (out of scope): Includes
     controller interaction issues, multiple SBI management, and
     general SR deployment policies.






























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Contributors

   Daniel Voyer
   Bell Canada
   Email: Danvoyer@gmail.com


   Linjian Song
   Alibaba, Inc
   Email: linjian.slj@alibaba-inc.com


   Satoru Matsushima
   SoftBank
   Email: satoru.matsushima@g.softbank.co.jp


   Chongfeng Xie
   China Telecom
   Email: xiechf@chinatelecom.cn


   Xinxin Yi
   China Unicom
   Email: yixx3@chinaunicom.cn























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Authors' Addresses

   Yisong Liu
   China Mobile
   Email: liuyisong@chinamobile.com


   Thomas Graf
   Swisscom
   Email: Thomas.Graf@swisscom.com


   Zoltan Miklos
   MTN
   Email: Zoltan.Miklos@mtn.com


   Luis Contreras
   Telefonica
   Email: luismiguel.contrerasmurillo@telefonica.com


   Nicolai Leymann
   Deutsche Telekom
   Email: N.Leymann@telekom.de























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