Internet Engineering Task Force R. Mekuria
Internet-Draft Unified Streaming B.V.
Expires: November 7th, 2018
Intended status: Best Current Practice May 7, 2018
Live Media and Metadata Ingest Protocol
draft-mekuria-mmediaingest-00.txt
Abstract
This Internet draft presents a protocol specification for
ingesting live media and metadata content from a
live media source such as a live encoder towards a media
processing entity or content delivery network.
It defines the media format usage, the preferred transmission
methods and the handling of failovers and redundancy.
The live media considered includes high quality encoded
audio visual content. The timed metadata supported
includes timed graphics, captions, subtitles and
metadata markers and information. This protocol can
for example be used advanced live streaming workflows
that combine high quality live encoders and advanced
media processing entities. The specification follows
best current industry practice.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six
months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents
at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as
reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
<Mekuria> Expires November 7 2018 [Page1]
Copyright Notice
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document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
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the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Conventions and Terminology
3. Media Ingest Protocol Behavior
4. Formatting Requirements for Timed Text, Captions and Subtitles
5. Formatting Requirements for Timed Metadata Markers
6. Guidelines for Handling of Media Processing Entity Failover
7. Guidelines for Handling of Live Media Source Failover
8. Security Considerations
9. IANA Considerations
10. Contributors
11. References
11.1. Normative References
11.2. Informative References
11.3. URL References
Author's Address
1. Introduction
This specification describes a protocol for media ingest from
a live source (e.g. live encoder) towards media processing
entities. Examples of media processing entities
include media packagers, publishing points, streaming origins,
content delivery networks and others. In particular, we
distinguish active media processing entities and passive media
processing entities. Active media processing entities perform
media processing such as encryption, packaging, changing (parts of)
the media content and deriving additional information. Passive
media processing entities provide pass through functionality
and/or delivery and caching functions that do not alter the media
content itself. An example of a passive media processing entity
could be a content delivery network (CDN) that provides
functionalities for the delivery of the content.
An example of an active media processing entity could
be a just-in-time packager or a just in time transcoder.
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Diagram 1: Example workflow with media ingest
Live Media Source -> Media processing entity -> CDN -> End User
Diagram 1 shows the workflow with a live media ingest from a
live media source towards a media processing entity. The media
processing entity provides additional processing such as
content stitching, encryption, packaging, manifest generation,
transcoding etc. Such setups are beneficial for advanced
media delivery. The ingest described in this draft includes
the latest technologies and standards used in the industry
such as timed metadata, captions, timed text and encoding
standards such as HEVC [HEVC]. The media ingest protocol
specification and associated requirements were discussed
with stakeholders, including broadcasters, live encoder vendors,
content delivery networks, telecommunications companies
and cloud service providers. While this draft specification
has also been extensively discussed and reviewed by these
stakeholders representing current best practices.
Nevertheless, this current draft solely reflects the
point of view of the authors of this draft taking received
feedback from these stakeholders into account. Some
insights on the discussions leading to this draft
can be found on [fmp4git].
2. Conventions and Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119
[RFC2119].
This specification uses the following additional terminology.
ISOBMFF: the ISO Base Media File Format specified in [ISOBMFF].
ftyp: the filetype and compatibility "ftyp" box as described
in the ISOBMFF [ISOBMFF] that describes the "brand"
moov: the container box for all metadata "moov" described in the
ISOBMFF base media file format [ISOBMFF]
moof: the movie fragment "moof" box as described in the
ISOBMFF base media file format [ISOBMFF] that describes
the metadata of a fragment of media.
mdat: the media data container "mdat" box contained in
an ISOBMFF [ISOBMFF], this box contains the
compressed media samples
kind: the track kind box defined in the ISOBMFF [ISOBMFF]
to label a track with its usage
mfra: the movie fragment random access "mfra" box defined in
the ISOBMFF [ISOBMFF] to signal random access samples
(these are samples that require no prior
or other samples for decoding) [ISOBMFF].
tfdt: the TrackFragmentDecodeTimeBox box "tfdt"
in the base media file format [ISOBMFF] used
to signal the decode time of the media
fragment signalled in the moof box.
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mdhd: The media header box "mdhd" as defined in [ISOBMFF],
this box contains information about the media such
as timescale, duration, language using ISO 639-2/T codes
[ISO639-2]
pssh: The protection specific system header "pssh" box defined
in [CENC] that can be used to signal the content protection
information according to the MPEG Common Encryption (CENC)
sinf: Protection scheme information box "sinf" defined in [ISOBMFF]
that provides information on the encryption
scheme used in the file
elng: extended language box "elng" defined in [ISOBMFF] that
can override the language information
nmhd: The null media header Box "nmhd" as defined in [ISOBMFF]
to signal a track for which no specific
media header is defined, often used for metadata tracks
HTTP: Hyper Text Transfer Protocol,
version 1.1 as specified by [RFC2626]
HTTP POST: Command used in the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol for
sending data from a source to a destination [RFC2626]
fragmentedMP4stream: stream of [ISOBMFF] fragments
(moof and mdat) see page 5 for definition
POST_URL: Target URL of a POST command in the HTTP protocol
for pushing data from a source to a destination.
TCP: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) as defined in [RFC793]
URI_SAFE_IDENTIFIER: identifier/string
formatted according to [RFC3986]
Connection: connection setup between a host and a source.
Live stream event: the total media broadcast stream of the ingest.
(Live) encoder: entity performing live encoding and producing
a high quality encoded stream, can serve as Media ingest source
(Media) Ingest source: a media source ingesting media content
, typically a live encoder but not restricted to this,
the media ingest source could by any type of media ingest
source such as a stored file that is send in partial chunks
Publishing point: entity used to publish the media content,
consumes/receives the incoming media ingest stream
Media processing entity: entity used to process media content,
receives/consumes a media ingest stream.
Media processing function: Media processing entity
3. Media Ingest Protocol Behavior
The specification uses multiple HTTP POST and/or PUT requests
to transmit an optional manifest followed by encoded media data
packaged in fragmented [ISOBMFF]. The subsequent posted segments
correspond to those decribed in the manifest. Each HTTP POST sends
a complete manifest or media segment towards the processing entity.
The sequence of POST commands starts with the manifest and init
segments that includes header boxes (ftyp and moov boxes).
It continues with the sequence of segments
(combinations of moof and mdat boxes).
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An example of a POST URL
targeting the publishing point is:
http://HostName/presentationPath/manifestpath
/rsegmentpath/Identifier
The PostURL the syntax is defined as follows using the
IETF RFC 5234 ANB [RFC5234] to specify the structure.
PostURL = Protocol ://BroadcastURL Identifier
Protocol = "http" / "https"
BroadcastURL = HostName "/" PresentationPath
HostName = URI_SAFE_IDENTIFIER
PresentationPath = URI_SAFE_IDENTIFIER
ManifestPath = URI_SAFE_IDENTIFIER
Rsegmentpath = URI_SAFE_IDENTIFIER
Identifier = segment_file_name
In this PostURL the HostName is typically the hostname of the
media processing entity or publishing point. The presentation path
is the path to the specific presentation at the publishing point.
The manifest path can be used to signal the specific manifest of
the presentation. The rsegmentpath can be a different optional
extended path based on the relative paths in the manifest file.
The identifier describes the filename of the segment as described
in the manifest. The live source sender first sends the manifest
to the path http://hostname/presentationpath/ allowing
the receiving entity to setup reception paths for the following
segments and manifests. In case no manifest is used any POST_URL
setup for media ingest such as http://hostname/presentationpath/
can be used. The fragmentedMP4stream can be defined
using the IETF RFC 5234 ANB [RFC5234] as follows.
fragmentedMP4stream = headerboxes fragments
headerboxes = ftyp moov
fragments = X fragment
fragment = Moof Mdat
The communication between the live encoder/media ingest source
and the receiving media procesing entity follows the following
requirements.
1. The live encoder or ingest source communicates to
the publishing point/processing entity using the HTTP
POST method as defined in the HTTP protocol [RFC2626],
or in the case for manifest updates the HTTP PUT Method.
2. The live encoder or ingest source SHOULD start
by sending an HTTP POST request with an empty "body"
(zero content length) by using the same POSTURL.
This can help the live encoder or media
ingest source to quickly detect whether the
live ingest publishing point is valid,
and if there are any authentication or other conditions required.
<Mekuria> Expires November 7 2018 [Page5]
3. The live encoder/media source SHOULD use secured
transmission using HTTPS protocol
as specified in [RFC2818] for connecting
to the receiving media processing entity
or publishing point.
4. In case HTTPS protocol is used,
basic authentication HTTP AUTH [RFC7617]
or better methods like
TLS client certificates SHOULD be used to
secure the connection.
5. As compatibility profile for the TLS encryption
we recommend the mozzilla
intermediate compatibility profile which is supported
in many available implementations [MozillaTLS].
6. Before sending the segments
based on fragmentedMP4Stream the live encoder/source
MAY send a manifest
with the following the limitations/constraints.
6a. Only relative URL paths to be used for each segment
6b. Only unique paths are used for each new presentation
6c. In case the manifest contains these relative paths,
these paths MAY be used in combination with the
POST_URL + relative URLs
to POST each of the different segments from
the live encoder or ingest source
to the processing entity.
6d. In case the manifest contains no relative paths,
or no manifest is used the
segments SHOULD be posted to the original
POST_URL specified by the service.
6e. In this case the tdft and trackids MAY
be used by the processing entity
to distinguish incoming segments
instead of the target POST_URL.
7. The live encoder MAY send an updated version of the manifest,
this manifest cannot override current settings and relative
paths or break currently running and incoming POST requests.
The updated manifest can only be slightly different from
the one that was send previously, e.g. introduce new segments
available or event messages. The updated manifest SHOULD be
send using a PUT request instead of a POST request.
Note: this manifest will be useful for passive media processing
entities mostly, for ingest towards active media processing
entities this manifest could be avoided and information
is signalled through the boxes available in the ISOBMFF.
8. The encoder or ingest source MUST handle any error or failed
authentication responses received from the media processing
entity such as 403 (forbidden), 400 bad request, 415
unsupported media type, 412 not fulfilling conditions
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9. In case of a 412 not fullfilling conditions or 415
unsupported media type,
the live source/encoder MUST resend the init segment
consisting of a "moov" and "ftyp" box.
10. The live encoder or ingest source SHOULD start
a new HTTP POST segment request sequence with the
init segment including header boxes "ftyp" and "moov"
11. Following media segment requests SHOULD be corresponding
to the segments listed in the manifest if a manifest was sent.
12. The payload of each request MAY start with the header boxes
"ftyp" and "moov", followed by segments which consist of
a combination of "moof" and "mdat" boxes.
Note that the "ftyp", and "moov" boxes (in this order) MAY be
transmitted with each request, especially if the encoder must
reconnect because the previous POST request was terminated
prior to the end of the stream with a 412 or
415 message. Resending the "moov" and "ftyp" boxes
allows the receiving entitity to recover the init segment
and the track information needed for interpreting the content.
13. The encoder or ingest source MAY use chunked transfer
encoding option of the HTTP POST command [RFC2626] for uploading
as it might be difficult to predict the entire content length
of the segment. This can be used for example to support use
cases that require low latency.
14. The encoder or ingest source SHOULD use individual HTTP POST
commands [RFC2626] for uploading media segments when ready.
15. If the HTTP POST request terminates or times out with a TCP
error prior to the end of the stream, the encoder MUST issue
a new POST request by using a new connection, and follow the
preceding requirements. Additionally, the encoder MAY resend
the previous two segments that were already sent again.
16. In case fixed length POST Commands are used, the live source
entity MUST resend the segment
to be posted decribed in the manifest entirely
in case of responses HTTP 400, 412 or 415 together
with the init segment consisting of "moov" and "ftyp" boxes.
17. In case the live stream event is over the live media
source/encoder should signal
the stop by transmitting an empty "mfra" box
towards the publishing point/processing entity
18. The trackFragmentDecodeTime box "tfdt" box
MUST be present for each segment posted.
19. The ISOBMFF media fragment duration SHOULD be constant,
to reduce the size of the client manifests.
A constant MPEG-4 fragment duration also improves client
download heuristics through the use of repeat tags.
The duration MAY fluctuate to compensate
for non-integer frame rates. By choosing an appropriate
timescale (a multiple of the frame rate is recommended)
this issue can be avoided.
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20. The MPEG-4 fragment duration SHOULD be between
approximately 2 and 6 seconds.
21. The fragment decode timestamps "tfdt" of fragments in the
fragmentedMP4stream and the indexes base_media_decode_ time
SHOULD arrive in increasing order for each of the different
tracks/streams that are ingested.
22. The segments formatted as fragmented MP4 stream SHOULD use
a timescale for video streams based on the framerate
and 44.1 KHz or 48 KHz for audio streams
or any another timescale that enables integer
increments of the decode times of
fragments signalled in the "tfdt" box based on this scale.
23. The manifest MAY be used to signal the language of the stream,
which SHOULD also be signalled in the "mdhd" box or "elng" boxes
in the init segment and/or moof headers ("mdhd")
24. The manifest SHOULD be used to signal encryption specific
information, which SHOULD also be signalled in the "pssh",
"schm" and "sinf" boxes in the segments of
the init segment and media segments
25. The manifest SHOULD be used to signal information
about the different
tracks such as the durations, media encoding types,
content types, which SHOULD also be signalled in the
"moov" box in the init segment or the "moof" box
in the media segments
26. The manifest SHOULD be used to signal information
about the timed text, images and sub-titles in adaptation
sets and this information SHOULD also be signalled
in the "moov" box in the init segment,
for more information see the next section.
27. Segments posted towards the media procesing entity MUST contain
the bitrate "btrt" box specifying the target bitrate of
the segments and the "tfdt" box specifying the fragments
decode time and the "tfhd" box specifying the track id.
28. The live encoder/media source SHOULD repeatedly resolve
the Hostname to adapt to changes in the IP to Hostname mapping
such as for example by using the dynamic naming system
DNS [RFC1035] or any other system that is in place.
29. The Live encoder media source MUST update the IP to hostname
resolution respecting the TTL (time to live) from DNS
query responses, this will enable better resillience
to changes of the IP address in large scale deployments
where the IP adress of the publishing point media
processing nodes may change frequenty.
30. To support the ingest of live events with low latency,
shorter segment and fragment durations MAY be used
such as segments with a duration of 1 second.
31. The live encoder/media source SHOULD use a separate TCP
connection for ingest of each different bit-rate
tracks ingested
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4. Formatting Requirements for Timed Text, Captions and Subtitles
The specification supports ingest of timed text,
images, captions and subtitles. we follow the normative
reference [MPEG-4-30] in this section.
1. The tracks containing timed text, images, captions
or subtitles MAY be signalled in the manifest by
an adaptationset with the different segments
containing the data of the track.
2. The segment data MAY be posted to the URL
corresponding to the path in the manifest for the segment,
else they MUST be posted towards the original POST_URL
3. The track will be a sparse track signalled by a null media header
"nmhd" containing the timed text, images, captions corresponding
to the recommendation of storing tracks in fragmented MPEG-4 [CMAF]
4. Based on this recommendation the trackhandler "hdlr" shall
be set to "text" for WebVTT and "subt" for TTML
5. In case TTML is used the track must use the XMLSampleEntry
to signal sample description of the sub-title stream
6. In case WebVTT is used the track must use the WVTTSampleEntry
to signal sample description of the text stream
7. These boxes SHOULD signal the mime type and specifics as
described in [CMAF] sections 11.3 ,11.4 and 11.5
8. The boxes described in 3-7 must be present in the init
segment ("ftyp" + "moov") for the given track
9. subtitles in CTA-608 and CTA-708 can be transmitted
following the recommendation section 11.5 in [CMAF] via
SEI messages in the video track
10. The "ftyp" box in the init segment for the track
containing timed text, images, captions and sub-titles
can use signalling using CMAF profiles based on [CMAF]
10a. WebVTT Specified in 11.2 ISO/IEC 14496-30
[MPEG-4-30] 'cwvt'
10b.TTML IMSC1 Text Specified in 11.3.3 [MPEG-4-30]
IMSC1 Text Profile 'im1t'
10c.TTML IMSC1 Image Specified in 11.3.4 [MPEG-4-30]
IMSC1 Image Profile 'im1i'
10d. CEA CTA-608 and CTA-708 Specified in 11.4 [MPEG-4-30]
Caption data is embedded in SEI messages in video track;
'ccea'
11. The segments of the tracks containing Timed Text, Images,
Captions and Sub-titles SHOULD use the bit-rate box "btrt" to
signal bit-rate of the track in each segment.
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5. Formatting Requirements for Timed Metadata
This section discusses the specific formatting requirements
for ingest of timed metadata related to events and markers for
ad- insertion or other timed metadata relating to the media
content such as information about the content.
When delivering a live streaming presentation with a rich
client experience, often it is necessary to transmit time-synced
events, metadata or other signals in-band with the main
media data. An example of these are opportunities for dynamic
live ad insertion signalled by SCTE-35 markers. This type of
event signalling is different from regular audio/video streaming
because of its sparse nature. In other words, the signalling data
usually does not happen continuously, and the interval can
be hard to predict. Examples of timed metadata are ID3 tags
[ID3v2], SCTE-35 markers [SCTE-35] and DASH emsg
messages defined in section 5.10.3.3 of [DASH]. For example,
DASH Event messages contain a schemeIdUri that defines
the payload of the message. Table 1 provides some
example schemes in DASH event messages and Table 2
illustrates an example of a SCTE-35 marker stored
in a dash emsg. The presented approach allows ingest of
timed metadata from different sources,
possibly on different locations by embedding them in
sparse metadata tracks.
Table 1 Example of DASH emsg schemes URI
Scheme URI | Reference
-------------------------|------------------
urn:mpeg:dash:event:2012 | [DASH], 5.10.4
urn:dvb:iptv:cpm:2014 | [DVB-DASH], 9.1.2.1
urn:scte:scte35:2013:bin | [SCTE-35] 14-3 (2015), 7.3.2
www.nielsen.com:id3:v1 | Nielsen ID3 in MPEG-DASH
Table 2 example of a SCTE-35 marker embedded in a DASH emsg
Tag | Value
------------------------|-----------------------------
scheme_uri_id | "urn:scte:scte35:2013:bin"
Value | the value of the SCTE 35 PID
Timescale | positive number
presentation_time_delta | non-negative number expressing splice time
| relative to tfdt
event_duration | duration of event
| "0xFFFFFFFF" indicates unknown duration
Id | unique identifier for message
message_data | splice info section including CRC
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The following steps are recommended for timed metadata
ingest related to events, tags, ad markers and
program information:
1. Create a fragmentedMP4stream that contains only a sparse
metadata track which are tracks without audio/video.
2. Metadata tracks MAY be signalled in a manifest using an
adaptationset with a sparse track, the actual data
is in the sparse media track in the segments.
3. For a metadata track the media handler type is "meta"
and the tracks handler box is a null media header box "nmhd".
4. The URIMetaSampleEntry entry contains, in a URIbox,
the URI following the URI syntax in [RFC3986] defining the form
of the metadata
(see the ISO Base media file format specification [ISOBMFF]).
For example, the URIBox could contain for ID3 tags [ID3v2]
the URL http://www.id3.org
5. For the case of ID3, a sample contains a single ID3 tag.
The ID3 tag may contain one or more ID3 frames.
6. For the case of DASH e-msg, a sample may contain
one or more event message ("emsg") boxes.
Version 0 Event Message SHOULD be used.
The presentation_time_delta field is relative to the absolute
timestamp specified in the TrackFragmentBaseMediaDecode-TimeBox
("tfdt"). The timescale field should match the value specified
in the media header box "mdhd".
7. For the case of a DASH e-msg, the kind box
(contained in the udta) MUST be used to signal
the scheme URI of the type of metadata
8. A BitRateBox ("btrt") SHOULD be present at the end of
MetaDataSampleEntry to signal the bit rate information
of the stream.
9. If the specific format uses internal timing values,
then the timescale must match the timescale field set
in the media header box "mdhd".
10. All Timed Metadata samples are sync samples [ISOBMFF],
defining the entire set of metadata for the time interval
they cover. Hence, the sync sample table box is not present.
11. When Timed Metadata is stored in a TrackRunBox ("trun"),
a single sample is present with the duration set to the
duration for that run.
Given the sparse nature of the signalling event, the following
is recommended:
12. At the beginning of the live event, the encoder or
media ingest source sends the initial header boxes to
the processing entity/publishing point,
which allows the service to register the sparse track.
13. When sending segments, the encoder SHOULD start sending
from the header boxes, followed by the new fragments.
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14. The sparse track segment becomes available to the
publishing point/processing entity when the corresponding
parent track fragment that has an equal or larger timestamp
value is made available. For example, if the sparse fragment
has a timestamp of t=1000, it is expected that after the
publishing point/processing entity sees "video"
(assuming the parent track name is "video")
fragment timestamp 1000 or beyond, it can retrieve the
sparse fragment t=1000. Note that the actual
signal could be used for a different position
in the presentation timeline for its designated purpose.
In this example, it is possible that the sparse fragment
of t=1000 has an XML payload, which is for inserting
an ad in a position that is a few seconds later.
15. The payload of sparse track fragments can be in
different formats (such as XML, text, or binary),
depending on the scenario
6. Guidelines for Handling of Media Processing Entity Failover
Given the nature of live streaming, good failover support is
critical for ensuring the availability of the service.
Typically, media services are designed to handle various types
of failures, including network errors, server errors, and storage
issues. When used in conjunction with proper failover
logic from the live encoder side, customers can achieve
a highly reliable live streaming service from the cloud.
In this section, we discuss service failover scenarios.
In this case, the failure happens somewhere within the service,
and it manifests itself as a network error. Here are some
recommendations for the encoder implementation for handling
service failover:
1. Use a 10-second timeout for establishing the
TCP connection.
If an attempt to establish the connection takes longer
than 10 seconds, abort the operation and try again.
2. Use a short timeout for sending the HTTP requests.
If the target segment duration is N seconds, use a send
timeout between N and 2 N seconds; for example, if
the segment duration is 6 seconds,
use a timeout of 6 to 12 seconds.
If a timeout occurs, reset the connection,
open a new connection,
and resume stream ingest on the new connection.
This is needed to avoid latency introduced
by failing connectivity in the workflow.
3. completely resend segments from the ingest source
for which a connection was terminated early
4. We recommend that the encoder or ingest source
does NOT limit the number of retries to establish a
connection or resume streaming after a TCP error occurs.
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5. After a TCP error:
a. The current connection MUST be closed,
and a new connection MUST be created
for a new HTTP POST request.
b. The new HTTP POST URL MUST be the same
as the initial POST URL for the
segment to be ingested.
c. The new HTTP POST MUST include stream
headers ("ftyp", and "moov" boxes) that are
identical to the stream headers in the
initial POST request for fragmented media ingest.
d. The last two fragments sent for each segment
MAY be retransmitted. Other ISOBMFF fragment
timestamps MUST increase continuously,
even across HTTP POST requests.
6. The encoder or ingest source SHOULD terminate
the HTTP POST request if data is not being sent
at a rate commensurate with the MP4 segment duration.
An HTTP POST request that does not send data can
prevent publishing points or media processing entities
from quickly disconnecting from the live encoder or
media ingest source in the event of a service update.
For this reason, the HTTP POST for sparse (ad signal)
tracks SHOULD be short-lived, terminating as soon as
the sparse fragment is sent.
In addition this draft defines responses to the
POST requests in order to signal the live media source its status.
7. In case the media processing entity cannot process the manifest
or segment POST request due to authentication or permission
problems then it can return a permission denied HTTP 403
8. In case the media processing entity can process the manifest
or segment POSTED to the POST_URL it returns HTTP 200 OK or
202 Accepted
9. In case the media processing entity can process
the manifest or segment POST request but finds
the media type cannot be supported it returns HTTP 415
unsupported media type
10. In case an unknown error happened during
the processing of the HTTP
POST request a HTTP 400 Bad request is returned
11. In case the media processing entity cannot
proces a segment posted
due to missing init segment, a HTTP 412
unfulfilled condition
is returned
12. In case a media source receives an HTTP 412 response,
it SHOULD resend the manifest and "ftyp" and "moov"
boxes for the track.
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An example of media ingest with failure and HTTP
responses is shown in the following figure:
||===============================================================||
||===================== ============================ ||
||| live media source | | Media processing entity | ||
||===================== ============================ ||
|| || || ||
||===============Initial Manifest Sending========================||
|| || || ||
|| ||-- POST /prefix/media.mpd -------->>|| ||
|| || Succes || ||
|| || <<------ 200 OK --------------------|| ||
|| || Permission denied || ||
|| || <<------ 403 Forbidden -------------|| ||
|| || Bad Request || ||
|| || <<------ 400 Forbidden -------------|| ||
|| || Unsupported Media Type || ||
|| || <<------ 415 Unsupported Media -----|| ||
|| || || ||
||==================== Segment Sending ==========================||
|| ||-- POST /prefix/chunk.cmaf ------->>|| ||
|| || Succes/Accepted || ||
|| || <<------ 200 OK --------------------|| ||
|| || Succes/Accepted || ||
|| || <<------ 202 OK --------------------|| ||
|| || Premission Denied || ||
|| || <<------ 403 Forbidden -------------|| ||
|| || Bad Request || ||
|| || <<------ 400 Forbidden -------------|| ||
|| || Unsupported Media Type || ||
|| || <<------ 415 Forbidden -------------|| ||
|| || Unsupported Media Type || ||
|| || <<-- 412 Unfulfilled Condition -----|| ||
|| || || ||
|| || || ||
||===================== ============================ ||
||| live media source | | Media processing entity | ||
||===================== ============================ ||
|| || || ||
||===============================================================||
<Mekuria> Expires November 7 2018 [Page13]
7. Guidelines for Handling of Live Media Source Failover
Encoder or media ingest source failover is the second type
of failover scenario that needs to be addressed for end-to-end
live streaming delivery. In this scenario, the error condition
occurs on the encoder side. The following expectations apply fro
m the live ingestion endpoint when encoder failover happens:
1. A new encoder or media ingest source instance
SHOULD be created to continue streaming
2. The new encoder or media ingest source MUST use
the same URL for HTTP POST requests as the failed instance.
3. The new encoder or media ingest source POST request
MUST include the same header boxes moov
and ftyp as the failed instance.
4. The new encoder or media ingest source
MUST be properly synced with all other running encoders
for the same live presentation to generate synced audio/video
samples with aligned fragment boundaries.
This implies that UTC timestamps
for fragments in the "tdft" match between decoders,
and encoders start running at
an appropriate segment boundary.
5. The new stream MUST be semantically equivalent
with the previous stream, and interchangeable
at the header and media fragment levels.
6. The new encoder or media ingest source SHOULD
try to minimize data loss. The basemediadecodetime tdft
of media fragments SHOULD increase from the point where
the encoder last stopped. The basemediadecodetime in the
"tdft" box SHOULD increase in a continuous manner, but it
is permissible to introduce a discontinuity, if necessary.
Media processing entities or publishing points can ignore
fragments that it has already received and processed, so
it is better to error on the side of resending fragments
than to introduce discontinuities in the media timeline.
8. Security Considerations
No security considerations except the ones mentioned
in the preceding text. Further
security considerations will be updated
when they become known.
9. IANA Considerations
This memo includes no request to IANA.
10. Contributors
Arjen Wagenaar, Dirk Griffioen, Unified Streaming B.V.
We thank all of the individual contributors to the discussions
in [fmp4git] representing major content delivery networks,
broadcasters, commercial encoders and cloud service providers.
<Mekuria> Expires November 7 2018 [Page14]
11. References
11.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[DASH] MPEG ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29 WG11, "ISO/IEC 23009-1:2014:
Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) -- Part 1:
Media presentation description and segment formats," 2014.
[SCTE-35] Society of Cable Television Engineers,
"SCTE-35 (ANSI/SCTE 35 2013)
Digital Program Insertion Cueing Message for Cable,"
SCTE-35 (ANSI/SCTE 35 2013).
[ISOBMFF] MPEG ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29 WG11, " Information technology
-- Coding of audio-visual objects Part 12: ISO base
media file format ISO/IEC 14496-12:2012"
[HEVC] MPEG ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29 WG11,
"Information technology -- High efficiency coding
and media delivery in heterogeneous environments
-- Part 2: High efficiency video coding",
ISO/IEC 23008-2:2015, 2015.
[RFC793] J Postel IETF DARPA, "TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL,"
IETF RFC 793, 1981.
[RFC3986] R. Fielding, L. Masinter, T. Berners Lee,
"Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax,"
IETF RFC 3986, 2004.
[RFC1035] P. Mockapetris,
"DOMAIN NAMES - IMPLEMENTATION AND SPECIFICATION"
IETF RFC 1035, 1987.
[CMAF] MPEG ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29 WG11, "Information technology
(MPEG-A) -- Part 19: Common media application
format (CMAF) for segmented media,"
MPEG, ISO/IEC International standard
[RFC5234] D. Crocker "Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications:
ABNF" IETF RFC 5234 2008
[CENC] MPEG ISO/IEC JTC1 SC29 WG11 "Information technology --
MPEG systems technologies -- Part 7: Common encryption
in ISO base media file format files"
ISO/IEC 23001-7:2016
<Mekuria> Expires November 7 2018 [Page15]
[MPEG-4-30] MPEG ISO/IEC JTC1 SC29 WG11
"ISO/IEC 14496-30:2014 Information technology
Coding of audio-visual objects -- Part 30":
Timed text and other visual overlays in
ISO base media file format
[ISO639-2] ISO 639-2 "Codes for the Representation of Names
of Languages -- Part 2 ISO 639-2:1998"
[DVB-DASH] ETSI Digital Video Broadcasting
"MPEG-DASH Profile for Transport of ISOBMFF
Based DVB Services over IP Based Networks"
ETSI TS 103 285
[RFC7617] J Reschke "The 'Basic' HTTP Authentication Scheme"
IETF RFC 7617 September 2015
11.2. Informative References
[RFC2626] R. Fielding et al
"Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP/1.1",
RFC 2626 June 1999
[RFC2818] E. Rescorla RFC 2818 HTTP over TLS
IETF RFC 2818 May 2000
11.3. URL References
[fmp4git] Unified Streaming github fmp4 ingest,
"https://github.com/unifiedstreaming/fmp4-ingest".
[MozillaTLS] Mozilla Wikie Security/Server Side TLS
https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Server_Side_TLS
#Intermediate_compatibility_.28default.29
(last acessed 30th of March 2018)
[ID3v2] M. Nilsson "ID3 Tag version 2.4.0 Main structure"
http://id3.org/id3v2.4.0-structure
November 2000 (last acessed 2nd of May 2018)
Author's Address
Rufael Mekuria (editor)
Unified Streaming
Overtoom 60 1054HK
Phone: +31 (0)202338801
E-Mail: rufael@unified-streaming.com
<Mekuria> Expires November 7 2018 [Page16]