Network Working Group                                        R. Aggarwal
Internet Draft                                          Juniper Networks
Expiration Date: January 2006
                                                           J. L. Le Roux
                                                          France Telecom

                                                               July 2005


           MPLS Upstream Label Assignment for RSVP-TE and LDP


              draft-raggarwa-mpls-rsvp-ldp-upstream-00.txt

Status of this Memo

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Abstract

   This document describes procedures for distributing upstream-assigned
   labels for Resource Reservation Protocol - Traffic Engineering (RSVP-
   TE) and Label Distribution Protocol (LDP). It also describes how
   these procedures can be used for avoiding branch LSR traffic
   replication on a LAN for RSVP-TE and LDP point-to-multipoint
   (P2MP)LSPs.






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Table of Contents

 1          Specification of requirements  .........................   2
 2          Introduction  ..........................................   2
 3          Upstream Label Assignment Capability  ..................   3
 3.1        RSVP-TE Upstream Label Assignment Capability  ..........   3
 3.2        LDP Upstream Label Assignment Capability  ..............   4
 4          Distributing Upstream-Assigned Labels  .................   4
 4.1        Distributing Upstream-Assigned Labels in RSVP-TE  ......   4
 4.1.1      Procedures  ............................................   5
 4.2        Distributing Upstream-Assigned Labels in LDP  ..........   5
 4.2.1      Procedures  ............................................   6
 5          Tunnel Identifier Exchange  ............................   7
 5.1        RSVP-TE Tunnel Identifier Exchange  ....................   7
 5.2        LDP Tunnel Identifier Exchange  ........................   8
 6          Point-to-Multipoint LSPs on a LAN  .....................   8
 6.1        RSVP-TE P2MP LSPs  .....................................   8
 6.2        LDP P2MP LSPs  .........................................   9
 7          Acknowledgements  ......................................  10
 8          References  ............................................  10
 8.1        Normative References  ..................................  10
 8.2        Informative References  ................................  11
 9          Author Information  ....................................  11
10          Intellectual Property Statement  .......................  11
11          Full Copyright Statement  ..............................  12




1. Specification of requirements

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].


2. Introduction

   This document describes procedures for distributing upstream-assigned
   labels [MPLS-UPSTREAM] for Resource Reservation Protocol with Traffic
   Engineering (RSVP-TE) and Label Distribution Protocol (LDP). These
   procedures follow the architecture for MPLS Upstream Label Assignment
   described in [MPLS-UPSTREAM].

   This document describes extensions to RSVP-TE and LDP that a LSR can



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   use to advertise to its neighboring LSRs whether the LSR supports
   upstream label assignment.

   This document also describes extensions to RSVP-TE and LDP to dis-
   tribute upstream-assigned labels.

   The usage of MPLS upstream label assignment using RSVP-TE and LDP for
   avoiding branch LSR [RSVP-P2MP] traffic replication on a LAN for
   RSVP-TE P2MP TE LSPs [RSVP-TE-P2MP] and LDP P2MP LSPs [LDP-P2MP1,
   LDP-P2MP2] is also described.


3. Upstream Label Assignment Capability

   According to [MPLS-UPSTREAM], upstream-assigned label bindings MUST
   NOT be used unless it is known that a downstream LSR supports them.
   This implies that there MUST be a mechanism to enable a LSR to adver-
   tise to its RSVP-TE or LDP neighbor LSR(s) its support of upstream-
   assigned labels.


3.1. RSVP-TE Upstream Label Assignment Capability

   [RSVP-RESTART] defines a CAPABILITY object to be carried within Hello
   messages, and used to indicate the set of capabilities supported by a
   node. Currently one flag is defined, the R flag indicating the sup-
   port for RecoveryPath Srefresh. This document defines a new flag, the
   U flag, to signal a LSR's support of upstream label assignment to its
   RSVP-TE neighbors.

   The format of a Capability object is:

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |            Length             | Class-Num(TBA)|  C-Type  (1)  |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                         Reserved                          |U|R|
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


   Recovery Path Srefresh Capable (R): 1 bit, defined in [RSVP-RESTART].

   Upstream Label Assignement Capable (U): 1 bit When set this means
   that the LSR is capable of both distributing upstream-assigned label
   bindings and receiving upstream-assigned label bindings

   Reserved bits MUST be set to zero on transmission and MUST be ignored



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   on receipt.

   The usage of RSVP-TE Hello messages for exchanging upstream label
   assignment capability implies that a LSR MAY exchange RSVP-TE Hellos
   with a neighbor before sending/receiving any other RSVP-TE messages
   to/from that neighbor.


3.2. LDP Upstream Label Assignment Capability

   A new optional parameter, the Upstream Label Assignment Capability
   TLV, is introduced to signal a LSR's support of upstream label
   assignment, to its LDP peers. This optional parameter is carried in
   LDP Initialization messages.

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |1|0| Upstream Lbl Ass Cap (TBD)|      Length (= 4)             |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                        Reserved                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


   If a LSR includes the Upstream Label Assignment Capability TLV in LDP
   Initialization Messages it implies that the LSR is capable of both
   distributing upstream-assigned label bindings and receiving upstream-
   assigned label bindings. Reserved bits MUST be set to zero on trans-
   mission and MUST be ignored on receipt.


4. Distributing Upstream-Assigned Labels

4.1. Distributing Upstream-Assigned Labels in RSVP-TE

   An optional RSVP-TE object, the UPSTREAM_ASSIGNED_LABEL object is
   introduced to signal an upstream-assigned label. The Class-Num for
   this object comes from the 0bbbbbbb space and is to be determined by
   IANA.

   UPSTREAM_ASSIGNED_LABEL C-Num = TBD

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                      Reserved                                 |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                        Label                                  |



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      |                          ....                                 |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


   The label can be encoded as in [RFC3209] when the C-Type is 1 or as a
   Generalized Label [RFC3473] when the C-Type is 2 or 3.


4.1.1. Procedures

   A RSVP-TE LSR that assigns Upstream-Assigned Labels, distributes them
   to the downstream LSRs by including them in RSVP-TE Path messages.

   A RSVP-TE LSR MUST NOT distribute the UPSTREAM_ASSIGNED_LABEL Object
   to a downstream LSR if the downstream LSR had not previously adver-
   tised the CAPABILITY object with the U bit set in its RSVP-TE Hello
   messages.

   If a downstream RSVP-TE LSR receives a Path message that carries an
   UPSTREAM_ASSIGNED_LABEL Object and the LSR does not support the
   object C-Num/C-Type it will return an "Unknown Object C-Num/C-Type"
   error. If the LSR does support the object, but is unable to process
   the upstream-assigned label as described in [MPLS-UPSTREAM] it SHOULD
   send a PathErr with the error code "Routing problem" and the error
   value "MPLS Upstream Assigned Label Processing Failure". If the LSR
   successfully processes the Path message and the upstream-assigned
   label it MUST send a Resv message upstream as per [RFC3209] but it
   MUST NOT include the LABEL object with a downstream assigned label in
   the Resv Message. This is because as described in [MPLS-UPSTREAM] two
   LSRs Ru and Rd for a LSP that is bound to FEC F, MUST use either
   downstream-assigned label distribution or upstream-assigned label
   distribution,for FEC F, but NOT both, for packets that are to be
   transmitted on the LSP from Ru to Rd.


4.2. Distributing Upstream-Assigned Labels in LDP

   An optional LDP TLV, Upstream-Assigned Label Request TLV, is intro-
   duced.  This TLV MUST be carried in a Label Request message if an
   upstream-assigned label is being requested.

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |0|0| Upstream Ass Lbl Req (TBD)|      Length                   |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                       Reserved                                |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+



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   An optional LDP TLV, Upstream-Assigned Label TLV is introduced to
   signal an upstream-assigned label. Upstream-Assigned Label TLVs are
   carried by the messages used to advertise, release and withdraw
   upstream assigned label mappings.

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |0|0| Upstream Ass Label (TBD)  |      Length                   |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                         Reserved                              |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                   Label                                       |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Label

   This is a 20-bit label value as specified in [RFC3032] represented as
   a 20-bit number in a 4 octet field.


4.2.1. Procedures

   Procedures for Label Mapping, Label Request, Label Abort, Label With-
   draw and Label Release follow [RFC3036] other than the modifications
   pointed out in this section.

   A LDP LSR MUST NOT distribute the Upstream Assigned Label TLV to a
   neighboring LSR if the neighboring LSR had not previously advertised
   the Upstream Label Assignment Capability in its LDP Initialization
   messages.  A LDP LSR MUST NOT send the Upstream Assigned Label
   Request TLV to a neighboring LSR if the neighboring LSR had not pre-
   viously advertised the Upstream Label Assignment Capability in its
   LDP Initialization messages.

   As described in [MPLS-UPSTREAM] the distribution of upstream-assigned
   labels is similar to either ordered LSP control or independent LSP
   control of the downstream assigned labels.

   When the label distributed in a Label Mapping message is an upstream-
   assigned label, the Upstream Assigned Label TLV MUST be included in
   the Label Mapping message. When a LSR receives a Label Mapping mes-
   sage with an Upstream Assigned Label TLV and if it does not recognize
   the TLV, it MUST generate a Notification message with a status code
   of "Unknown TLV" [RFC3036]. If it does recognize the TLV but is
   unable to process the upstream label, it MUST generate a Notification
   message with a status code of "No Label Resources". If the Label Map-
   ping message was generated in response to a Label Request message,



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   the Label Request message MUST contain an Upstream Assigned Label
   Request TLV. A LSR that generates an upstream assigned label request
   to a neighbor LSR, for a given FEC, MUST NOT send a downstream label
   mapping to the neighbor LSR for that FEC unless it withdraws the
   upstream-assigned label binding. Similarly if a LSR generates a down-
   stream assigned label request to a neighbor LSR, for a given FEC, it
   MUST NOT send an upstream label mapping to that LSR for that FEC,
   unless it aborts the downstream assigned label request.

   The Upstream Assigned Label TLV may be optionally included in Label
   Withdraw and Label Release messages that withdraw/release a particu-
   lar upstream assigned label binding.


5. Tunnel Identifier Exchange

   As described in [MPLS-UPSTREAM] an upstream LSR Ru MAY transmit a
   MPLS packet, the top label of which (L) is upstream-assigned, to a
   downstream LSR Rd, by encapsulating it in an IP or MPLS tunnel. In
   this case the fact that L is upstream-assigned is determined by Rd by
   the tunnel on which the packet is received. There must be a mechanism
   for Ru to inform Rd that a particular tunnel from Ru to Rd will be
   used by Ru for transmitting MPLS packets with upstream-assigned MPLS
   labels.


5.1. RSVP-TE Tunnel Identifier Exchange

   When RSVP-TE is used for upstream label assignment, the IF_ID
   RSVP_HOP object is used for signaling the Tunnel Identifier. If Ru
   uses an IP or MPLS tunnel to transmit MPLS packets with upstream
   assigned labels to Rd, Ru MUST include the IF_ID RSVP_HOP object
   [RFC3473] in Path messages along with the UPSTREAM_ASSIGNED_LABEL
   Object.

   Two new TLVs are introduced in the IF_ID RSVP_HOP object [RFC3471] to
   support RSVP-TE P2MP LSPs and IP Multicast Tunnels. The TLV value
   acts as the tunnel identifier.

   1. RSVP-TE P2MP LSP TLV. Type = TBD. Value of the TLV is the RSVP-TE
   P2MP Session Object and optionally the P2MP Sender Template Object
   [RSVP-TE-P2MP].  The TLV value identifies the RSVP-TE P2MP LSP.  This
   mechanism extends RSVP-TE P2P Hierarchy [LSP-HIER] to RSVP-TE P2MP
   Hierarchy. It allows Ru to tunnel an "inner" P2MP LSP, the label for
   which is upstream assigned, over an "outer" P2MP LSP that has leaves
   <Rd1...Rdn>. The P2MP LSP IF_ID TLV allows Ru to signal to
   <Rd1...Rdn> the binding of the inner P2MP LSP to the outer P2MP LSP.
   The control plane signaling between Ru and <Rd1...Rdn> for the inner



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   P2MP LSP uses directed RSVP-TE signaling messages as in [LSP-HIER].

   2. IP Multicast Tunnel TLV. Type = TBD. In this case the TLV value is
   a <Source Address, Multicast Group Address> tuple.


5.2. LDP Tunnel Identifier Exchange

   When LDP is used for upstream label assignment, the Interface ID TLV
   [RFC3472] is used for signaling the Tunnel Identifier.  If Ru uses an
   IP or MPLS tunnel to transmit MPLS packets with upstream assigned
   labels to Rd, Ru MUST include the Interface ID TLV in the Label Map-
   ping messages along with the Upstream Assigned Label TLV.  The Inter-
   face ID TLVs used are the same as the ones specified in the previous
   section i.e. the RSVP-TE P2MP LSP TLV and the IP Multicast Tunnel
   TLV.


6. Point-to-Multipoint LSPs on a LAN

   This section describes one application of upstream label assignment
   using RSVP-TE and LDP. Further applications are to be described in
   separate documents.


6.1. RSVP-TE P2MP LSPs

   [RSVP-TE-P2MP] describes how to setup RSVP-TE P2MP LSPs. On a LAN the
   solution described in [RSVP-TE-P2MP] relies on "ingress replication".
   A LSR on a LAN, that is a branch LSR for a P2MP LSP, (say Ru) sends a
   separate copy of a packet that it receives on the P2MP LSP to each of
   the downstream LSRs on the LAN (say <Rd1...Rdn> that are adjacent to
   it in the P2MP LSP.

   In order to increase efficiency of bandwidth utilization, it is
   desirable for Ru to send a single copy of the packet for the P2MP LSP
   on the LAN, when there are multiple downstream routers on the LAN
   that are adjacent in that P2MP LSP. This requires that each of
   <Rd1...Rdn> must be able to associate the label L, used by Ru to
   transmit packets for the P2MP LSP on the LAN, with that P2MP LSP. It
   is possible to achieve this using RSVP-TE upstream-assigned labels
   with the following procedures. Assume that Ru and <Rd1...Rdn> support
   upstream label assignment.

   Ru sends a Path message for the P2MP LSP to each of <Rd1...Rdn> that
   is adjacent on the P2MP LSP, with the same UPSTREAM_ASSIGNED_LABEL
   object. This object carries an upstream assigned label, L.
   <Rd1...Rdn> "reserve" the upstream assigned label in the separate



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   Upstream Neighbor Label Space that they maintain for Ru [MPLS-
   UPSTREAM]. Ru can then transmit a single packet for the P2MP LSP to
   <Rd1..Rdn> with a top label L using procedures defined in [MPLS-
   UPSTREAM] and [MPLS-MCAST-ENCAPS].

   If a subset of <Rd1...Rdn> does not support upstream label assignment
   these procedures can still be used between Ru and the remaining sub-
   set of <Rd1...Rdn>. Ingress replication and downstream label assign-
   ment will continue to be used for LSRs that do not support upstream
   label assignment.


6.2. LDP P2MP LSPs

   [LDP-P2MP1, LDP-P2MP2] describe how to setup P2MP LSPs using LDP. On
   a LAN the solution relies on "ingress replication", as in [RSVP-TE-
   P2MP].

   It is desirable for Ru to send a single copy of the packet for the
   LDP P2MP LSP on the LAN, when there are multiple downstream routers
   on the LAN that are adjacent to Ru in that LDP P2MP LSP. It is possi-
   ble to achieve this using LDP upstream-assigned labels with the fol-
   lowing procedures.

   Consider a LSR Rd that receives the LDP P2MP FEC [LDP-P2MP1, LDP-
   P2MP2] from its downstream LDP peer. Further the upstream interface
   to reach LSR Ru which is the next-hop to the P2MP LSP root address,
   Pr, in the LDP P2MP FEC, is a LAN interface. Further Rd and Ru sup-
   port upstream-assigned labels. In this case Rd instead of sending a
   Label Mapping message as described in [LDP-P2MP1, LDP-P2MP2] sends a
   Label Request message to Ru.  This Label Request message MUST contain
   an Upstream Assigned Label Request TLV.  Ru on receiving this message
   sends back a Label Mapping message to Rd with an upstream-assigned
   label. Processing of the Label Request and Label Mapping messages for
   LDP upstream-assigned labels is as described in section 4.2.  If Ru
   receives a Label Request for an upstream assigned label for the same
   P2MP FEC from multiple downstream LSRs on the LAN, <Rd1...Rdn>, it
   MUST send the same upstream-assigned label to each of <Rd1...Rdn>. Ru
   transmits the MPLS packet with an upstream-assigned label on the LAN
   using the procedures defined in [MPLS-UPSTREAM] and [MPLS-MCAST-
   ENCAPS].


   Note that <Rd1...Rdn> may have more than one equal cost next-hop on
   the LAN to reach Pr. In this case they MAY be configured to send the
   upstream assigned label request to the next-hop LSR with the lowest
   Router ID, if it is desirable for all of them to send the label
   request to the same upstream LSR. It is also to be noted that these



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   procedures can still be used by Rd and Ru if other LSRs on the LAN do
   not support upstream label assignment. Ingress replication and down-
   stream label assignment will continue to be used for LSRs that do not
   support upstream label assignment.




7. Acknowledgements

   Thanks to Yakov Rekhter for his contribution. Thanks to Ina Minei and
   Thomas Morin for their comments.


8. References

8.1. Normative References

   [RFC3031] "MPLS Architecture", E. Rosen, A. Viswanathan, R. Callon,
   RFC 3031.

   [MPLS-UPSTREAM] R. Aggarwal, Y. Rekhter, E. Rosen, "MPLS Upstream
   Label Assignment and Context Specific Label Space", draft-raggarwa-
   mpls-upstream-label-00.txt

   [MPLS-MCAST-ENCAPS] T. Eckert, E. Rosen, R. Aggarwal, Y. Rekhter,
   draft-rosen-mpls-codepoint-00.txt

   [RFC3209] Awduche et. al." "RSVP-TE: Extensions to RSVP for LSP Tun-
   nels", RFC 3209, December 2001.

   [RFC2119] "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Lev-
   els.", Bradner, March 1997

   [RFC3472] Ashwood-Smith, P. and L. Berger, Editors, " Generalized
   Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Signaling - Constraint-based
   Routed Label Distribution Protocol (CR-LDP) Extensions", RFC 3472,
   January 2003.

   [RFC3473] Berger, L., Editor, "Generalized Multi-Protocol Label
   Switching (GMPLS) Signaling - Resource ReserVation Protocol-Traffic
   Engineering (RSVP-TE) Extensions", RFC 3473, January 2003.

   [RFC3471] Berger, L. Editor, "Generalized Multi-Protocol Label
   Switching (GMPLS) Signaling Functional Description", RFC 3471 January
   2003.

   [RFC3036] L. Andersson, et. al., "LDP Specification", January 2001.



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   [RSVP-RESTART] A. Satyanarayana et. al., "Extensions to GMPLS RSVP
   Graceful Restart", draft-ietf-ccamp-rsvp-restart-ext-02.txt


8.2. Informative References

   [MVPN] E. Rosen, R. Aggarwal [Editors], "Multicast in BGP/MPLS VPNs"

   [RSVP-TE-P2MP] R. Aggarwal, D. Papadimitriou, S. Yasukawa [Editors],
   "Extensions to RSVP-TE for Point to Multipoint TE LSPs"

   [LDP-P2MP1] I. Minei et. al, "Label Distribution Protocol Extensions
   for Point-to-Multipoint Label Switched Paths", draft-minei-mpls-ldp-
   p2mp-00.txt

   [LDP-P2MP2] I. Wijnands et. al., "Multicast Extensions for LDP",
   draft-wijnands-mpls-ldp-mcast-ext-00.txt


9. Author Information

   Rahul Aggarwal
   Juniper Networks
   1194 North Mathilda Ave.
   Sunnyvale, CA 94089
   Email: rahul@juniper.net

   Jean-Louis Le Roux
   France Telecom
   2, avenue Pierre-Marzin
   22307 Lannion Cedex
   France
   E-mail: jeanlouis.leroux@francetelecom.com



10. Intellectual Property Statement

   The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any
   Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to
   pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in
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   found in BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any



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   assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an
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   The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any
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   this standard.  Please address the information to the IETF at ietf-
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11. Full Copyright Statement

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005).  This document is subject
   to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and
   except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights.

   This document and the information contained herein are provided on an
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