ROLL                                                      R. Jadhav, Ed.
Internet-Draft                                               Huawei Tech
Intended status: Standards Track                              P. Thubert
Expires: December 11, 2019                                         Cisco
                                                            June 9, 2019


                    RPL Mode of Operation extension
                      draft-rahul-roll-mop-ext-01

Abstract

   RPL allows different mode of operations which allows nodes to have a
   consensus on the basic primitives that must be supported to join the
   network.  The MOP field in RFC6550 is of 3 bits and is fast
   depleting.  This document extends the MOP field specification and
   adds a notion of capabilities using which the nodes can further
   advertise their support for, possibly optional, capabilities.

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   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
     1.1.  Requirements Language and Terminology . . . . . . . . . .   3
   2.  Requirements for this document  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   3.  Extended MOP Control Message Option . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     3.1.  Final MOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     3.2.  Handling MOPex  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   4.  Capabilities  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     4.1.  Capability Control Message Option . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     4.2.  Capabilities Handshake  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   5.  Implementations Consideration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   6.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   7.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     7.1.  Mode of operation: MOPex  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     7.2.  New options: MOPex and Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     7.3.  New Registry for Extended-MOP-value . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     7.4.  New Registry for Capabilities Flags . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   8.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   9.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     9.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     9.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   Appendix A.  Capability Handshake Example . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9

1.  Introduction

   RPL [RFC6550] specifies a proactive distance-vector based routing
   scheme.  The protocol creates a DAG-like structure which operates
   with a given "Mode of Operation" (MOP) determining the minimal and
   mandatory set of primitives to be supported by all the participating
   nodes.

   MOP as per [RFC6550] is a 3-bit value carried in DIO messages and is
   specific to the RPL Instance.  The receipient of the DIO message can
   join the specified network as a router only when it can support the
   primitives as required by the mode of operation value.  For example,
   in case of MOP=3 (Storing MOP with multicast support) the nodes can
   join the network as routers only when they can handle the DAO
   advertisements from the peers and manage routing tables.  The 3-bit
   value is already exhausted and requires replenishment.  This document
   introduces a mechanism to extend mode of operation values.

   This document further adds a notion of capabilities using which the
   nodes in the network could inform its peers about its additional



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   capabilities/features.  This document highlights the differences of
   capabilities from that of Mode of operation and explains the
   necessity of it.

1.1.  Requirements Language and Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].

   MOP: Mode of Operation.  Identifies the mode of operation of the RPL
   Instance as administratively provisioned at and distributed by the
   DODAG root.

   MOPex: Extended MOP: This document extends the MOP values over a
   bigger range.  This extension of MOP is called MOPex.

   Capabilities: Additional features or capabilities which might
   possibly be optional that are supported by the node.

   DAO: DODAG Advertisement Object.  An RPL message used to advertise
   the target information in order to establish routing adjacencies.

   DIO: DODAG Information Object.  An RPL message initiated by the root
   and is used to advertise the network configuration information.

   Current parent: Parent 6LR node before switching to the new path.

   NPDAO: No-Path DAO.  A DAO message which has target with lifetime 0.

   MOPex: MOP extension as defined in this document.

   This document uses terminology described in [RFC6550].  For the sake
   of readability all the known relevant terms are repeated in this
   section.

2.  Requirements for this document

   Following are the requirements considered for this documents:

   REQ1:  MOP extension.  Current MOP of 3-bit is fast depleting.  An
          MOP extension needs to extend the possibility of adding new
          MOPs in the future.

   REQ2:  Backwards compatibility.  The new options and new fields in
          the DIO message should be backward compatible i.e. if there
          are nodes which support old MOPs they could still operate in
          their own instances.



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   REQ3:  Optional capabilities handshake.  Capabilities are features,
          possibly optional, which could be handshaked between the nodes
          and the root within an RPL Instance.

   REQ4:  Capabilities handshake could be optionally added with existing
          MOPs.  Capabilities been optional in nature could be put to
          use with existing MOPs.  Capabilities and MOP-extension is
          mutually independent i.e. a DIO can have a capabilities
          option, MOP-extension option or both in the same message.

3.  Extended MOP Control Message Option

   This document reserves existing MOP value 7 to be used as an
   extender.  DIO messages with MOP value of 7 may refer to the Extended
   MOP (MOPex) option in the DIO message.

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |   Type = TODO |           Extended-MOP-value                  |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                       Figure 1: Extended MOP Option

3.1.  Final MOP

   An implementation supporting this document MUST calculate the final
   MOP value as the sum of base MOP (as supported in Section 6.3.1. of
   [RFC6550]) plus the MOPex value.  Thus if the MOPex value is 0, it
   means the final MOP is 7 since the base MOP in this case will be set
   to 7.

                     +----------+-------+-----------+
                     | Base MOP | MOPex | Final MOP |
                     +----------+-------+-----------+
                     |    0     |   NA  |     0     |
                     |    1     |   NA  |     1     |
                     |    :     |   :   |     :     |
                     |    6     |   NA  |     6     |
                     |    7     |   0   |     7     |
                     |    7     |   1   |     8     |
                     |    7     |   2   |     9     |
                     |    :     |   :   |     :     |
                     +----------+-------+-----------+

                      Table 1: Final MOP calculation





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3.2.  Handling MOPex

   If the MOPex option is absent in the DIO whose MOP is 7, then the
   MOPex value can be assumed to be zero (thus the final MOP in this
   case will be 7).  The MOPex value should be referred only if the base
   MOP value is 7 and if the MOPex option is present.  In case the base
   MOP is 7 and if the MOPex option is present, then the implementation
   MUST calculate the final MOP after considering the value in MOPex.

   Note that [RFC6550] allows the node who does not support the received
   MOP to still join the network as a leaf node.  This semantic
   continues to be true even in case of MOPex.

4.  Capabilities

   Currently RPL specification does not have a mechanism whereby a node
   can signal the set of features that are available on its end.  Such a
   mechanism could help the root to advertise its capabilities and in
   response also determine some advanced information about the
   capabilities of the joining nodes.  The Mode of Operation field in
   RPL mandates the operational requirement and does not allow loose
   coupling of additional capabilities.  This document defines
   Capabilities as additional features which could be supported by the
   nodes and handshaked as part of RPL signaling.  Capabilities are
   embedded as RPL control message option as defined Section 6.7 of
   [RFC6550] in the base messages of DIO, DAO and DAO-ACK signaling.

   Note that capabilities and MOPex are mutually exclusive and it is
   possible for an implementation to support either or both of the
   options.

4.1.  Capability Control Message Option

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |   Type = TODO |           Capabilities Flags                  |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                       Figure 2: Capabilities Option

   There are no capability flags defined by this document.

4.2.  Capabilities Handshake

   The root node could advertise the set of capabilities it supports in
   the DIO message.  A node could take advantage of the knowledge that
   the root supports a particular capability.  Similarly a node could



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   advertise its capabilities in the DAO message using the capability
   control message option defined in this document.  Capabilities
   advertised by non-root nodes are strictly a subset of the
   capabilities advertised by the root.

   In storing MOP, the DAO message from the 6LR could contain multiple
   target options.  The targets of the capabilities option are indicated
   by one or more Target options that precede the Capabilties Option.
   This handling is similar to the Transit Information Option as
   supported in Section 6.7.8. of [RFC6550].

5.  Implementations Consideration

   The MOP-extension could cause 3-byte increase in memory in the RPL-
   Instance.  The MOP field in the RPL-Instance needs to be upgraded to
   a 32 bit integer.

   [RFC6550], it was possible to discard an unsupported DIO-MOP just by
   inspecting the base message.  With this document, the MOPex is a
   different control message option and thus the discarding of the DIO
   message could happen after inspecting the message options.

   A node in storing MOP could independently construct a DAO message
   with target options containing its child/sub-childs.  Thus with
   capabilities it needs to reconstruct the capabilities field as well.
   This may result in increase in the memory requirement on per routing-
   entry basis.

6.  Acknowledgements

   Thanks to Georgios Papadopoulos for the review and feedback.

7.  IANA Considerations

7.1.  Mode of operation: MOPex

   IANA is requested to assign a new Mode of Operation, named "MOPex"
   for MOP extension under the RPL registry.  The value of 7 is to be
   assigned from the "Mode of Operation" space [RFC6550]

                  +-------+-------------+---------------+
                  | Value | Description |   Reference   |
                  +-------+-------------+---------------+
                  |   7   |    MOPex    | This document |
                  +-------+-------------+---------------+

                             Mode of Operation




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7.2.  New options: MOPex and Capabilities

   Two new entries are required for new supporting new options "MOPex",
   "Capabilities" from the "RPL Control Message Options" space
   [RFC6550].

                 +-------+--------------+---------------+
                 | Value |   Meaning    |   Reference   |
                 +-------+--------------+---------------+
                 |  TBD1 |    MOPex     | This document |
                 |  TBD2 | Capabilities | This document |
                 +-------+--------------+---------------+

                                New options

7.3.  New Registry for Extended-MOP-value

   IANA is requested to create a registry for the extended-MOP-value
   (MOPex).  This registry should be located in TODO.  New MOPex values
   may be allocated only by an IETF review.  Currently no values are
   defined by this document.  Each value is tracked with the following
   qualities:

   o  MOPex value

   o  Description

   o  Defining RFC

7.4.  New Registry for Capabilities Flags

   IANA is requested to create a registry for the Capabilities flags as
   described in Section 4 of this document.  This registry should be
   located in TODO.  New Capabilities flags may be allocated only by an
   IETF review.  Currently no flags are defined by this document.  Each
   value is tracked with the following qualities:

   o  Flag

   o  Description

   o  Defining RFC

8.  Security Considerations

   The options defined in this document are carried in the base message
   objects as defined in [RFC6550].  The RPL control message options are




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   protected by the same security mechanisms that protect the base
   messages.

   Capabilities flag can reveal that the node has been upgraded or is
   running a old feature set.  This document assumes that the base
   messages that carry these options are protected by RPL security
   mechanisms and thus are not visible to a malicious node.

9.  References

9.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

9.2.  Informative References

   [RFC6550]  Winter, T., Ed., Thubert, P., Ed., Brandt, A., Hui, J.,
              Kelsey, R., Levis, P., Pister, K., Struik, R., Vasseur,
              JP., and R. Alexander, "RPL: IPv6 Routing Protocol for
              Low-Power and Lossy Networks", RFC 6550,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC6550, March 2012,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6550>.

Appendix A.  Capability Handshake Example

     Root          6LR          6LN
      |             |            |
      |   DIO(CS1)  |            |
      |------------>|  DIO(CS1)  |
      |             |----------->|
      |             |            |
      |             |   DAO(CS2) |
      |             |<-----------|
      |   DAO(CS2)  |            |
      |<------------|            |
      |             |            |
     CS: Capabilities Set
     CS1: Capabilities set advertised by root
     CS2: Capabilities set advertised by node. CS2 is a subset of CS1.

                       Figure 3: Capabilities Option







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Authors' Addresses

   Rahul Arvind Jadhav (editor)
   Huawei Tech
   Kundalahalli Village, Whitefield,
   Bangalore, Karnataka  560037
   India

   Phone: +91-080-49160700
   Email: rahul.ietf@gmail.com


   Pascal Thubert
   Cisco Systems, Inc
   Building D
   45 Allee des Ormes - BP1200
   MOUGINS - Sophia Antipolis  06254
   France

   Phone: +33 497 23 26 34
   Email: pthubert@cisco.com






























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