Network Working Group                                             Z. Yan
Internet-Draft                                                     CNNIC
Intended status: Standards Track                                  J. Lee
Expires: April 13, 2020                             Sangmyung University
                                                                J. Jeong
                                                 Sungkyunkwan University
                                                        October 11, 2019


                 Service and Neighbor Discovery in ITS
                       draft-yan-ipwave-nd-04.txt

Abstract

   For C-ACC, platooning and other typical use cases in ITS, direct IP
   communication between neighbor vehicles poses the following two
   issues: 1) how to discover the neighbor vehicle and the demanded
   service; and 2) how to discover the link-layer address of the
   neighbor vehicle and selected server.  This draft presents a solution
   to these problems based on DNS-SD/mDNS [RFC6762][RFC6763].

Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on April 13, 2020.








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Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2019 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
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   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   2.  Prefix management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   3.  Name configuration  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   4.  Address configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   5.  Neighbor vehicle and service discovery  . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   6.  Mobility support  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   7.  Signaling messages  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   8.  Security considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   9.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     9.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     9.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7

1.  Introduction

   As illustrated in [DNS-Autoconf], a naming scheme is needed for the
   vehicle devices to support the unique name auto-configuration.  This
   can support the location based communicaton and scalable information
   organization in ITS.  Based on the naming scheme like this and the
   widely-used DNS-SD/mDNS protocol, this draft illustrates how to
   discover the neighbor vehicle or services with DNS resolution logic.
   Before this, we make the following assumptions:

   o  Name: vehicle SHOULD have a temporary name which is related to its
      geo-location.

   o  Address: vehicle SHOULD have a global IP address which is
      routeable for the IP communications.

   In this way, a standardized, efficient and scalable scheme can be
   used to retrieve the necessary information of the corresponding node



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   (domain name, IP address, goe-location, link-local address and so on)
   for the further communications based on the DNS-SD/mDNS function.  In
   addition, the extended NDP messages (e.g., RA and RS messages) can
   also be used to exchange some required information (e.g., mobile
   network prefixes, link-local address) in ITS in combination with DNS-
   SD/mDNS [MNPP].

2.  Prefix management

   The network architecture which illustrates the prefix management of
   name and address is shown in Figure 1.

       +------------+        +**********+        +------------+
       | Router1    |--------* Internet *--------| Router2    |
       |[IP-Prefix1]|        +**********+        |[IP-Prefix2]|
       +------------+                            +------------+
             |                                        |
             |                                        |
        -----------                              -----------
        |         |                              |         |
        |         |                              |         |
   +-------+    +-------+                   +-------+    +-------+
   | RSU1  |    | RSU2  |                   | RSU3  |    | RSU4  |
   |[Name1]|    |[Name2]|                   |[Name3]|    |[Name4]|
   +-------+    +-------+                   +-------+    +-------+

   +-------+
   |Vehicle|--------moving---------->
   +-------+

            Figure 1: Name and address management architecture

   As shown in Figure 1, Router1 and Router2 are two routers which can
   connect to the Internet and they hold different IP prefixes.  RSU1
   and RSU2 are two RSUs under Router1 but hold different name prefixes,
   while RSU3 and RSU4 are two RSUs under Router2 but hold different
   name prefixes.

3.  Name configuration

   The RSU acts as an access router for the static and moving vehicles
   which want to be connected.  Based on [RFC3640], [RFC6106] or
   extended WSA message, the RSU can announce its location based name
   prefix to the vehicles covered by the RSU.  This location based
   prefix may contain information such as country, city, street and so
   on, which will act as the "domain_name" of the vehicle device name as
   spefified in [DNS-Autoconf].




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4.  Address configuration

   The RSU may advertise the IP prefix to support the SLAAC operation of
   vehicle devices and movement detection (in the IP layer).  If the
   DHCP is used for the address configuration, RSU also acts as
   functional entity of the DHCP infrastructure .

5.  Neighbor vehicle and service discovery

   (1) RSU based

   Vehicles may have direct connection with the serving RSU and join the
   same link with the serving RSU.  Then the RSU can maintain the
   registered vehicle or service in its serving domain.  Otherwise, the
   RSU acts as a relay node for discovering in a proxy manner.

   When a vehicle wants to locate the potential nearby neighbor and
   further establish the communication, the vehicle will trigger the
   direct unicast query to port 5353 or legacy unicast DNS query to the
   RSU.  RSU may respond directly if it has the related information,
   otherwise, the RSU multicasts the DNS query to multicast group to
   retrieve the related information.  Unicast response is the first
   recommendation here because it can suppress the flooding, but of
   course, the DNS response message can also be multicasted as an active
   announcement of the verhicle or service existence.

   (2) Ad-hoc based

   Vehicles may communicate with each other or sense the front and rear
   neighbors with DSRC, WiFi, blue-tooth or other short-distance
   communication technologies, connecting each other in the Ad-hoc
   manner.  Then the discovery can be executed in an infrastructure-less
   manner with the following phases, as specified in mDNS.

   o  Probing: When a vehicle starts up, wakes up from stalls or the
      VANET topology changes (after configuration of the name and
      address), it should probe the availability of the service it
      announced.  Then the vehicle periodically announces the service
      and its existence with unsolicited multicast DNS response
      containing, in the Answer Section, all of its service,name,address
      and other information.  The vehicle also updates the related
      information actively if there is any change.

   o  Discovering: To support the service and neighbor vehicle discovery
      in the dynamic and fragmentation-possible environment in VANET,
      different query modes of mDNS can be used for different scenarios:
      1) One-Short Multicast DNS Query can be used to locate a specific




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      vehicle (for example). 2) Continuous Multicast DNS Query can be
      used to locate the nearby vehicles which are moving (for example).

   o  Refreshing: After the neighbor discovery illustrated above, the
      vehicles should continually exchange their name, IP address, geo-
      location and other information in order to refresh the established
      communications.  For example, the Multiple Questions Multicast
      Responses can be used to update the caches of receivers
      efficiently and Multiple Questions Unicast Responses can be used
      to support the fast bootstrapping when new vehicle joins.

   o  Goodbye: When the vehicle arrives at its destination, stalls
      temporarily or shuts down its communication or sensing devices, it
      will announce the service suspending and its inexistence with
      unsolicited multicast DNS response packet, giving the same RRs
      (for example containing its name and address), but TTL of zero.

6.  Mobility support

   During the movement of the vehicle, it may cross different RUSes.
   When attaching into a new RSU, the new domain prefix and new IP
   prefix may be learned.  Generally, there are two main cases for the
   mobility:

   o  Name prefix changes and IP prefix remains, as shown in Figure 1,
      the vehicle hands over from RSU1 to RSU2.  The vehicle will
      configure a new name from RSU2 and may update the new name in the
      local database (e.g., RSU).  But the vehicle should keep its
      previous name for a period until that all the communicating
      neighbors have learned its new name.  During this period, the
      vehicle will contain both previous and new names in the DNS
      response message.

   o  Both name and IP prefixes change, as shown in Figure 1, the
      vehicle hands over from RSU2 to RSU3.  The vehicle will configure
      both new name and new IP address from RSU3 and update them in the
      local database.  Then the above scheme can also be used or with
      IP-layer mobility management protocols.

7.  Signaling messages

   To facilitate the further communication, the link-layer address and
   geo-information may be included in the DNS message in a piggyback
   manner.  Otherwise, these information may be obtained through the
   following NDP or other procedures.






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8.  Security considerations

   In order to reduce the DNS traffic on the wireless link and avoid the
   unnecessary flooding, the related schemes in mDNS can be used, such
   as: Known-Answer Suppression, Multipacket Known-Answer Suppression,
   Duplicate Question Suppression and Duplicate Answer Suppression.

   In order to guarantee the origination of the DNS message and avoid
   the DNS message tampering, the security consideration in mDNS should
   also be adopted.

9.  References

9.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC3640]  van der Meer, J., Mackie, D., Swaminathan, V., Singer, D.,
              and P. Gentric, "RTP Payload Format for Transport of
              MPEG-4 Elementary Streams", RFC 3640,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC3640, November 2003,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3640>.

   [RFC6106]  Jeong, J., Park, S., Beloeil, L., and S. Madanapalli,
              "IPv6 Router Advertisement Options for DNS Configuration",
              RFC 6106, DOI 10.17487/RFC6106, November 2010,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6106>.

   [RFC6762]  Cheshire, S. and M. Krochmal, "Multicast DNS", RFC 6762,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC6762, February 2013,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6762>.

   [RFC6763]  Cheshire, S. and M. Krochmal, "DNS-Based Service
              Discovery", RFC 6763, DOI 10.17487/RFC6763, February 2013,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6763>.

9.2.  Informative References

   [DNS-Autoconf]
              Jeong, J., Lee, S., and J. Park, "DNS Name
              Autoconfiguration for Internet of Things Devices",  draft-
              jeong-ipwave-iot-dns-autoconf-03, July 2018.

   [MNPP]     Lee, J., Tsukada, M., and T. Ernst, "Mobile Network Prefix
              Provisioning",  draft-jhlee-mext-mnpp-00, October 2009.



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Authors' Addresses

   Zhiwei Yan
   CNNIC
   No.4 South 4th Street, Zhongguancun
   Beijing  100190
   China

   EMail: yan@cnnic.cn


   Jong-Hyouk Lee
   Sangmyung University
   31, Sangmyeongdae-gil, Dongnam-gu
   Cheonan
   Republic of Korea

   EMail: jonghyouk@smu.ac.kr


   Jaehoon Paul Jeong
   Department of Computer Science and Engineering
   Sungkyunkwan University
   2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu
   Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do
   Republic of Korea

   EMail: pauljeong@skku.edu























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