Network Working Group                                     Anil Kumar S N
INTERNET-DRAFT                                            Gaurav Agrawal
Intended Status: Standard Track                            Vinod Kumar S
Expires: January 9, 2017                       Huawei Technologies India
                                                            July 8, 2016


              Maximally Redundant Trees in Segment Routing
             draft-agv-rtgwg-spring-segment-routing-mrt-02


Abstract

      This document presents a Fast Reroute (FRR) approach aimed at
   providing link and node protection of node and adjacency segments
   within the Segment Routing (SR) framework based on Maximally
   Redundant Trees (MRT) FRR algorithm [RFC 7811].

      Fast-Reroute with Maximally Redundant Trees (MRT-FRR) for Segment
   routing network is to provide link-protection and node- protection
   with 100% coverage in Segment routing network topology that is still
   connected after the failure. MRT is computational efficient.

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on January 9, 2017.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2013 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of



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   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.


Table of Contents

   1  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
     1.1 Standard Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   2. Draft Specific Terminology  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   3. MRT segment routing requirements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
   4. MRT segment routing overview  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
   5. Requirements for SR MRT implementation  . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
   3  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
   4  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
   5  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
     5.1  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
     5.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11





























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1  Introduction

      Segment routing MRT FRR is one among the local repair mechanisms
   for Segment routing network. Another well known local repair
   mechanism for SR is Topology Independent Fast Reroute which is also
   capable of restoring end-to-end connectivity in case of a failure of
   a link or a node, with guaranteed coverage properties. MRT guarantees
   100% recovery for single failures when the network is 2-connected.
   This guaranteed coverage does not depend on the link metrics, which
   an operator may be using to traffic-engineer the IP network.  The
   link metrics and general network topology are largely decoupled from
   the guaranteed coverage.

   The advantage of MRT over TI-LFA would be the computation
   complexities involved in MRT is much lesser then TI-LFA with
   additional cost of memory usage. MRT is best suited for
   access/aggregate ring network or low end devices which has low
   computing capacity but could afford to have enough memory to hold
   more FIB entries.

1.1 Standard Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].


2. Draft Specific Terminology

   For ease of reading, some of the terminology defined in [RFC 7811] is
   repeated here.

   Redundant Trees (RT):   A pair of trees where the path from any node
   X to the root R along the first tree is node-disjoint with the path
   from the same node X to the root along the second tree. These can be
   computed in 2-connected graphs.

   Maximally Redundant Trees (MRT):   A pair of trees where the path
   from any node X to the root R along the first tree and the path from
   the same node X to the root along the second tree share the minimum
   number of nodes and the minimum number of links. Each such shared
   node is a cut-vertex.  Any shared links are cut-links. Any RT is an
   MRT but many MRTs are not RTs.  The two MRTs are referred to as MRT-
   Blue and MRT-Red.

   MRT-Red:   MRT-Red is used to describe one of the two MRTs; it is
   used to described the associated forwarding topology and MT-ID.
   Specifically, MRT-Red is the decreasing MRT where links in the GADAG



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   are taken in the direction from a higher topologically ordered node
   to a lower one.

   MRT-Blue:   MRT-Blue is used to describe one of the two MRTs; it is
   used to described the associated forwarding topology and MT-ID.
   Specifically, MRT-Blue is the increasing MRT where links in the GADAG
   are taken in the direction from a lower topologically ordered node to
   a higher one.

   Rainbow MRT MT-ID:   It is useful to have an MT-ID that refers to the
   multiple MRT topologies and to the default topology.  This is
   referred to as the Rainbow MRT MT-ID and is used by LDP to reduce
   signaling and permit the same label to always be advertised to all
   peers for the same (MT-ID, Prefix).

   MRT Island:   From the computing router, the set of routers that
   support a particular MRT profile and are connected via MRT- eligible
   links.

   Island Border Router (IBR):   A router in the MRT Island that is
   connected to a router not in the MRT Island and both routers are in a
   common area or level.

   Island Neighbor (IN):   A router that is not in the MRT Island but is
   adjacent to an IBR and in the same area/level as the IBR..


























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3. MRT segment routing requirements

      To extend MRT support to Segment routing following requirement
   need to be achieved :

   1.  SR MRT Capabilities must be advertised using IGP extension for SR
   MRT.  Also SR MRT capabilities must be in sync with IGP specific MRT
   capabilities advertisement. If the peer has not advertised the SR MRT
   capability, then it indicates that LSR does not support MRT
   procedures.

   2.  As specified in MRT Architecture [RFC 7811], both Option 1A and
   Option 1B can be used for the implementation of SR MRT.

   For Option 1A, two additional Prefix SID's/Label for RED and BLUE MT
   must be advertised in addition to default prefix SID/Label. The IGP
   extension carrying prefix SID for RED and BLUE MT must have
   corresponding MT-ID allocated by IANA for default MRT profile.

   For Option 1B, Global Unique Context SID/Label for Red & Blue as
   topology identifier must be used.

4. MRT segment routing overview

   Segment routing devices has to undergo no changes with respect to
   forwarding plane. Segment Routing (SR) allows a flexible definition
   of end-to-end paths within IGP topologies by encoding paths as
   sequences of topological sub-paths, called "segments".  These
   segments are advertised by the link-state routing protocols (IS-IS
   and OSPF).  Prefix segments represent an ECMP-aware shortest-path to
   a prefix (or a node), as per the state of the IGP topology.
   Adjacency segments represent a hop over a specific adjacency between
   two nodes in the IGP.

   MRT FRR in segment routing network does not require any additional
   signaling (other than IGP extensions).

   Basically MRT Fast Reroute requires that packets to be forwarded not
   only on the shortest-path tree, but also on two Maximally Redundant
   Trees (MRTs), referred to as the MRT-Blue and the MRT-Red.  A router
   that experiences a local failure must also have predetermined which
   alternate to use.  The MRT algorithm is based on those presented in
   [MRTLinear] and expanded in [EnyediThesis].  Default MRT Profile path
   calculation uses Lowpoint algorithm to calculate Maximally Redundant
   Trees.

   Just as packets routed on a hop-by-hop basis require that each router
   compute a shortest-path tree that is consistent, it is necessary for



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   each router to compute the MRT-Blue next hops and MRT-Red next hops
   in a consistent fashion.

   A router's Labeled Forwarding Information Base (L-FIB) will continue
   to contain primary next hops segment entries for the current
   shortest-path tree for forwarding traffic.  In addition, a router's
   L-FIB will contain primary next hops segments for the MRT-Blue for
   forwarding received traffic on the MRT-Blue and primary next hops
   segments for the MRT-Red for forwarding received traffic on the MRT-
   Red.

   Within a link-state IGP domain, an SR-capable IGP node advertises
   segments for its attached prefixes and adjacencies.  These segments
   are called IGP segments or IGP SIDs.  They play a key role in Segment
   Routing and use-cases as they enable the expression of any
   topological path throughout the IGP domain.  Such a topological path
   is either expressed as a single IGP segment or a list of multiple IGP
   segments. After running MRT lowpoint algorithm IGP will advertise two
   more additional labels as MRT-BLUE and MRT-RED for each such IGP
   segments.

   Since segment Routing is directly applied to the MPLS architecture
   with no change on the forwarding plane and The ingress node of an SR
   domain encodes an ordered list of segments as a stack of labels. By
   default The ingress node encode only default path labels. The
   protecting router after detecting the node or link failure switches
   the top label with MRT label[MRT-RED or MRT-BLUE is selected based on
   algorithm] for the same destination. Till packet reaches the
   destination MRT colored label path is followed by the packet.






















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5. Requirements for SR MRT implementation

   REQ1 : IGP Extension to carry the Segment Routing Node MRT Capability
   in addition to exiting IGP extension carrying IGP MRT Capability

   REQ2 : IGP Extension to carry Red & Blue MRT SR Segments in addition
   to existing Default SR Segment

3  Security Considerations

   None of the security consideration are identified


4  IANA Considerations

   None of the IANA consideration are identified



































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5  References

5.1  Normative References

   [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-mrt-frr-algorithm]

              Envedi, G., Csaszar, A., Atlas, A., Bowers, C., and A.
              Gopalan, "Algorithms for computing Maximally Redundant
              Trees for IP/LDP Fast- Reroute", draft-ietf-rtgwg-mrt-frr-
              algorithm-05 (work in progress), July 2015.

   [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-mrt-frr-architecture]
              Atlas, A., Kebler, R., Bowers, C., Envedi, G., Csaszar,
              A., Tantsura, J., and R. White, "An Architecture for IP/
              LDP Fast-Reroute Using Maximally Redundant Trees", draft-
              ietf-rtgwg-mrt-frr-architecture-05 (work in progress),
              January 2015.

   [RFC5036]
               Andersson, L., Ed., Minei, I., Ed., and B. Thomas, Ed.,
              "LDP Specification", RFC 5036, DOI 10.17487/RFC5036,
              October 2007, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5036>.

   [RFC5561]
              Thomas, B., Raza, K., Aggarwal, S., Aggarwal, R., and JL.
              Le Roux, "LDP Capabilities", RFC 5561, DOI
              10.17487/RFC5561, July 2009,              <http://www.rfc-
              editor.org/info/rfc5561>.
   [RFC6420]
              Cai, Y. and H. Ou, "PIM Multi-Topology ID (MT-ID) Join
              Attribute", RFC 6420, DOI 10.17487/RFC6420, November 2011,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6420>.

   [RFC7307]
              Zhao, Q., Raza, K., Zhou, C., Fang, L., Li, L., and D.
              King, "LDP Extensions for Multi-Topology", RFC 7307, DOI
              10.17487/RFC7307, July 2014, <http://www.rfc-
              editor.org/info/rfc7307>.













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   [EnyediThesis]
              Enyedi, G., "Novel Algorithms for IP Fast Reroute",
              Department of Telecommunications and Media Informatics,
              Budapest University of Technology and Economics Ph.D.
              Thesis, February 2011,
              <https://repozitorium.omikk.bme.hu/bitstream/
              handle/10890/1040/ertekezes.pdf>.

   [MRTLinear]
              Enyedi, G., Retvari, G., and A. Csaszar, "On Finding
              Maximally Redundant Trees in Strictly Linear Time", IEEE
              Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC), 2009,
              <http://opti.tmit.bme.hu/~enyedi/ipfrr/
              distMaxRedTree.pdf>.





































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5.2.  Informative References

   [I-D.atlas-rtgwg-mrt-mc-arch]
              Atlas, A., Kebler, R., Wijnands, I., Csaszar, A., and G.
              Envedi, "An Architecture for Multicast Protection Using
              Maximally Redundant Trees", draft-atlas-rtgwg-mrt-mc-
              arch-02 (work in progress), July 2013.

   [I-D.ietf-isis-mrt]
              Li, Z., Wu, N., Zhao, Q., Atlas, A., Bowers, C., and J.
              Tantsura, "Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-
              IS) Extensions for Maximally Redundant Trees (MRT)",
              draft-ietf-isis-mrt-00 (work in progress), February 2015.

   [I-D.ietf-ospf-mrt]
              Atlas, A., Hegde, S., Bowers, C., Tantsura, J., and Z. Li,
              "OSPF Extensions to Support Maximally Redundant Trees",
              draft-ietf-ospf-mrt-00 (work in progress), January 2015.

   [I-D.wijnands-mpls-mldp-node-protection]
              Wijnands, I., Rosen, E., Raza, K., Tantsura, J., Atlas,
              A., and Q. Zhao, "mLDP Node Protection", draft-wijnands-
              mpls-mldp-node-protection-04 (work in progress), June
              2013.

   [RFC2119]
              Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI
              10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, <http://www.rfc-
              editor.org/info/rfc2119>.





















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Authors' Addresses



              Anil Kumar S N
              Huawei Technologies India Pvt. Ltd,
              Near EPIP Industrial Area,
              Kundalahalli Village,
              Whitefield,
              Bangalore - 560066

              EMail: anil.ietf@gmail.com



              Gaurav Agrawal

              Huawei Technologies India Pvt. Ltd,
              Near EPIP Industrial Area,
              Kundalahalli Village,
              Whitefield,
              Bangalore - 560066

              EMail: gaurav.agrawal@huawei.com




              Vinod Kumar S
              Huawei Technologies India Pvt. Ltd,
              Near EPIP Industrial Area,
              Kundalahalli Village,
              Whitefield,
              Bangalore - 560066

              EMail: vinods.kumar@huawei.com















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